Corporate governance provides principles for governing companies in a value-based manner to enhance shareholder value while considering other stakeholders. Key principles include equitable treatment of shareholders, stakeholder interests, disclosure, integrity, and board responsibilities. Good corporate governance benefits companies through competitive advantages, efficiency, protecting shareholder interests, and ensuring compliance. It also benefits the economy by increasing access to financing and investment, allocating resources efficiently, and reducing financial crisis risks. Adhering to strong corporate governance practices helps companies attract capital and investment.

1. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
a synthesis of the theory

2. AGENDA
• Evolution
• Introduction
• Principles
• Governance issues
• Codes of best practice

3. EVOLUTION
Pataliputra, the capital of the Mauryan Empire, is a city “astonishingly well organized and
administered according to the best principles of governance”.
Writing about the ideal conduct of the King, Kautilya, an official says an ideal king is one
for whom-
“In the happiness & well being of the subjects, is the well being of the King”
(English translation from the Sanskrit version of Arthasastra)
Kautilya’s fourfold duty of a king,
1. Raksha – Protection
- Shareholders Wealth
2. Vriddhi – Enhancement - Wealth through proper utilization of Assets
3. Patna – Maintenance - Of that wealth
4. Yogakshema – Safeguard - Interest of Shareholders

4. INTRODUCTION
What is Corporate Governance?
It means governing a company in a value based manner.
Objective
Enhancement of shareholders value keeping in view the interests of other
stakeholders.
Key Constituents
• Shareholders
• Board of Directors
• Management

5. IMPORTANCE OF CG
• “The ultimate measure of success is the creation of wealth for
our shareholders”.
- Georgia-Pacific
leading manufacturer
• “The proper governance of companies will become as
crucial to the world economy as the proper governing of
countries”.
- James Wolfensohn
president of WB,1999

6. PRINCIPLES
• Right and equitable treatment of shareholders
• Interest of stakeholders
• Disclosure and transparency
• Integrity and ethical behavior
• Responsibilities of the board

8. DIFFERENT TYPES OF GOVERNANCE
• The American corporate governance system is a market based
system.
• The German system is a bank-based system, often referred to
as a universal banking system.
• The Japanese system is one of cross-ownership of firms and
interlocking relationships called keiretsu.

9. GOVERNANCE ISSUES
Crucial issues to achieve the objectives are:
• Distinguishing the roles of board and management
• Separation of the roles of the CEO and chairperson.
• Protection of shareholder right and their expectations.
• Director’s and executive’s remuneration.
• Should the board have committee.

10. BENEFITS OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
• Creation and enhancement of a corporation’s competitive
advantage
• Enabling a corporation performs efficiently by preventing fraud
and mal practices.
• Providing protection to shareholders’ interest
• Enhancing the valuation of an enterprise
• Ensure compliance of laws and regulations.

11. OTHER ADVANTAGES OF CG
• Increases access to external financing leading to larger
investment, high growth & creation of more jobs
• Better allocation of resources
• Better management creating wealth
• Reduces the risk of financial crisis
• Better relationship with all stakeholders

12. CONCLUSION
If a country doesn't have a reputation for strong corporate
governance practice, or If investors are not confident with the level
of disclosure capital will flow else where.
Corporate governance is known to be one of the criteria that
foreign institutional investors are increasingly depending on when
deciding on which companies to invest in. It is also known to have
a positive influence on the share price of the company. Having a
clean image on the corporate governance front could also make it
easier for companies to source capital at more reasonable costs.

13. REFERENCES
• "OECD Principles of Corporate Governance, 2004". OECD. Retrieved 2011-07-20.
• “A Blueprint for Corporate Governance” by Fred R. Kaen.
• “Corporate Governance: A Synthesis of Theory, Research, and Practice” by H. Kent Baker
and Ronald Anderson.
• “Corporate Governance (3rd Edition)” by Kenneth Kim, John R. Nofsinger and Derek J
Mohr

14. QUESTIONS