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1. Core concepts in BIOLOGY
 BIOLOGY is the study of living things
 What are livings things?
 Features common to ALL livings things
 What does it mean to be alive?

2. Learning objectives
 What are the distinguishing
characteristics of living things?
 What should all living things exhibit?
 How do living things differ from non-
living things?

3. Characteristics of Life.
 1.Cells.
 All organisms/living matter are made up of
simple units of cells.
 2.Nutrition.
 It's the process by which organisms take in
food and convert it into new
protoplasm/living matter.
 3.Respiration.
 It's the oxidation of food substances to

4. Characteristics of Life.
 4.Excretion.
 Removal metabolic waste products.
 5.Homeostasis.
 The maintenance of a constant internal
environment of cells.
 6.Growth and Development.
 Increase in the mass, volume and
complexity

5. Characteristics of ALL living things
 7.Movement.
 Movement independent of external forces
such as wind or water currents
 8.Reproduction.
 All living things reproduce own kind.
 9.Sensitivity.
 Organisms react to stimuli)

6. Characteristics of ALL living things
 10.Adaptability.
 Ability to improve chances of surviving in
their environment

7. Characteristics of ALL living things
 Cells
 Energy
 Metabolism
 Reproduction
 Heredity
 Response to environment
 Homeostasis

8. Eukaryotic cells have a membrane bound nucleus.
Prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane bound nucleus.
1.45 µm
0.29 µm
Nucleus
Figure 1.5

9. Number of Cells
•Unicellular-
•Made of just ONE cell
•Multicellular-
•Made of more than one cell

10. Obtain and Use Energy
 Plants: Photosynthesis and
respiration
 Animals – cellular respiration

11. Equation for Photosynthesis
 6CO2 + 6H2O -------> C6H12O6 + 6O2
 Carbon Dioxide and Water react in the
presence of light to produce glucose
and oxygen

12. Equation for Cellular
Respiration
 C6H12O6 + 6O2 ----> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
 Glucose + Oxygen yield Carbon Dioxide, Water and ATP
(energy)

13. METABOLISM
The total of all chemical reactions in an
organism
 Anabolism + Catabolism = Metabolism

14. All need energy

15. Growth & Development
• Birth – Growth - Death
 Growth
 Cells divide to form new, identical cells.
 Increase in size as individual
 Increase in numbers
 Development
 Metamorphosis
 Puberty
 other
 Death
 The final termination of the life activities.

16. ALL grow and develop

17. Respond to Environment
 Do what it takes survive &
maintain homeostasis
 Movement
 Behavior

18. Responsiveness
 All living things are able to respond to stimuli
in both internal and the external environment
 Possess ability to perceive from outside
 Touch, smell, sound, light, heat, chemical,
gravity, darkness, etc
 Systems of nerves and a number of chemical
regulators called hormones coordinate
activities within an organism.

19. Interactions.
 Living things interact with
 their environment as well as
 each other.
 Interactions maybe
 Mutually beneficial
 One benefits, the other suffers
 One benefits the other neither benefits nor
suffers

20. ALL interact with the
environment

21. All reproduce own kind
 all cells come from existing cells
 All livings things produce their own kind
in their likeness

22. Types of Reproduction
 Asexual- one parent
 Single organism reproduces without
another
 no recombination of genetic material
 Sexual- two parents
 Two parents each provide a sex cell
 recombination of genetic material
 the new organism has some characteristics
from the mother, and some from father.

23. Therefore?
o All living things must have these
characteristics for
them to be called “living”
o Non-living livings do not have these
characteristics