The document discusses conservation strategies for coral reef ecosystems in India. It outlines several threats to coral reefs from human activities such as overfishing, pollution, and coastal development. Specific threats in regions like the Gulf of Mannar, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and Lakshadweep are described. Conservation efforts include establishing marine protected areas, integrated coastal zone management, and improving local governance. Restoration activities like coral transplantation and artificial reef creation are also discussed. Overall the document provides an overview of threats to Indian coral reefs and potential strategies for improved management and conservation.
Marine Reserves in the Philippines: Challenges, Success and Perspectives (IWC...Iwl Pcu
E. D. Gomez and P. M. Aliño, The Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines'
Presentation given during the 5th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference in Cairns, Australia (during the pre-conference workshop marine ecosystems, Global Change and Marine Resources).
This report presents the results from fieldbased research on the environmental and social impacts of a shallow water marine seismic program
which took place in April and May of 2009 along the
northern coast of Mozambique.
Marine Reserves in the Philippines: Challenges, Success and Perspectives (IWC...Iwl Pcu
E. D. Gomez and P. M. Aliño, The Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines'
Presentation given during the 5th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference in Cairns, Australia (during the pre-conference workshop marine ecosystems, Global Change and Marine Resources).
This report presents the results from fieldbased research on the environmental and social impacts of a shallow water marine seismic program
which took place in April and May of 2009 along the
northern coast of Mozambique.
Marine Pollution Control. - Dr. J.S. Pandey Ecotist
Elaborating about the control of marine pollution. Various types of wastes such as sewage, agricultural run-off, industrial wastes including radioactive waste, and oil spills being sent into the sea. Chemical pesticides find entry into the food chain. Harmful impact of oil spill. Discussing some of the positive features of CRZ Notification 2011, which included the inclusion of seawater as CRZ IV and the concept of hazard line. Ports and associated ship movement for business purposes cause marine pollution.
An introduction to food security with an overview of supply and demand for fish and the FSA views on consumption of oily and non- oily fish. Outline of the requirement to increase aquaculture production. By Lee McDonough
Climate Change: Implications for Fisheries and AquacultureECFoundation
The Fifth Assessment Report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the
most comprehensive and relevant analysis of our
changing climate. It provides the scientific fact base that will be used around the world to formulate climate policies in the coming years.
This document is one of a series synthesizing the most pertinent findings
of AR5 for specific economic and business sectors. It was born of the belief
that the fisheries and aquaculture sector could make more use of AR5, which is long and
highly technical, if it were distilled into an accurate, accessible, timely,
relevant and readable summary. Although the information presented here is a ‘translation’ of the key content relevant to this sector from AR5, this summary report adheres to the rigorous scientific basis of the original source material.
Grateful thanks are extended to all reviewers from both the science and
business communities for their time, effort and invaluable feedback on
this document. The basis for information presented in this overview report can be found
in the fully-referenced and peer-reviewed IPCC technical and scientific
background reports at: www.ipcc.ch
Many fishers and aquaculturists are poor and ill-prepared to adapt to change, making them vulnerable to impacts on fish resources. Nature of the climate change threat. Fisheries and aquaculture are threatened by changes in temperature and, in freshwater ecosystems, precipitation. Storms may become more frequent and extreme, imperilling habitats, stocks, infrastructure and livelihoods.
Regional Workshop on Underutilized Fish and Marine Genetic Resources (FMGR) a...apaari
Regional Workshop on Underutilized Fish and Marine Genetic Resources (FMGR) and their Amelioration, Country Status Report: Sri Lanka by Dr Varuni Gunathilake, Presented during the Regional Workshop on Underutilized Fish and Marine Genetic Resources and their Amelioration, 10-12 July 2019, Location: Colombo, Sri Lanka
Our Florida Reefs - Your Voice, Our Futuredawillison
A presentation outlining the importance of the southeast Florida reef complex and the community planning process crafting management suggestions to protect it.
Possible Alternative Uses Of Underutilized Fish And Marine Genetic Resources ...apaari
Possible Alternative Uses Of Underutilized Fish And Marine Genetic Resources (FMGR) by Chamari Dissanayake (PhD), University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka, Presented during the Regional Workshop on Underutilized Fish and Marine Genetic Resources and their Amelioration, 10-12 July 2019, Location: Colombo, Sri Lanka
Polychaetes of Gulf of Mannar, South East Coast of Indiaijtsrd
Gulf of Mannar is a suitable environment for the study of Polychaetes with special reference to their systematics, spatial and temporal distribution. It has a number of islands and estuaries and a variety of environments such as, mangroves, coral reefs, pearl oyster beds, sea weed and sea grass beds. Hence, a study was conducted for 2 years by collecting samples from 21 stations covering all the ecologically important locations such as, 13 sea bottoms surrounding the islands, 4 estuaries, 3 intertidal regions, and 1 backwater using standard methods. A total of 49 species were identified, out of which 34 are found to be new records to the area. If we take this and the earlier reports in to consideration the total number comes to 144 species and 33 species up to genus level. This is going to be a new information on the distribution of Polychaetes in the Gulf of Mannar region. S. Lazarus | A. Renu | S. Balasubramanian "Polychaetes of Gulf of Mannar, South East Coast of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33010.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/33010/polychaetes-of-gulf-of-mannar-south-east-coast-of-india/s-lazarus
Workshop 7: Building Partnerships and Alliances to Scale Up Climate-smart and Adaptation Solutions in the Caribbeanat The Caribbean-Pacific Agri-Food Forum 2015 (CPAF2015) taking place 2-6 November in Barbados with support from the Intra-ACP Agricultural Policy programme, organized in partnership with the Barbados Agricultural Society (BAS) and the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA). http://www.cta.int/en/news/caribbean-pacific-agri-food-forum.html
A new report from the National Wildlife Federation looks at how 20 species that depend on a healthy Gulf are faring in the wake of the BP oil spill. The full extent of the spill’s impacts may take years or even decades to unfold, but Five Years & Counting: Gulf Wildlife in the Aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon Disaster examines what the science tells us so far.
This National Wildlife Federation report details how 14 Gulf wildlife species are faring in the wake of BP's 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil disaster in the Gulf. Since the tragedy, NWF has closely monitored the harm done to wildlife and important habitats in the Gulf and along the coast. Though the full impacts of the oil spill remain unknown, this summarizes what we know so far, and what restoration still needs to be done. http://www.nwf.org/fouryearslater
Located 80 km from the shoreline of Kawthaung, on the northernmost beach of Pila Island. This secluded beach is surrounded by virgin forest with views out to the open Andaman Sea. The natural bay embraces a 600 metre long beach front, which is divided into two zones by a large rock formation, granting a select number of units further privacy.
Marine Pollution Control. - Dr. J.S. Pandey Ecotist
Elaborating about the control of marine pollution. Various types of wastes such as sewage, agricultural run-off, industrial wastes including radioactive waste, and oil spills being sent into the sea. Chemical pesticides find entry into the food chain. Harmful impact of oil spill. Discussing some of the positive features of CRZ Notification 2011, which included the inclusion of seawater as CRZ IV and the concept of hazard line. Ports and associated ship movement for business purposes cause marine pollution.
An introduction to food security with an overview of supply and demand for fish and the FSA views on consumption of oily and non- oily fish. Outline of the requirement to increase aquaculture production. By Lee McDonough
Climate Change: Implications for Fisheries and AquacultureECFoundation
The Fifth Assessment Report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the
most comprehensive and relevant analysis of our
changing climate. It provides the scientific fact base that will be used around the world to formulate climate policies in the coming years.
This document is one of a series synthesizing the most pertinent findings
of AR5 for specific economic and business sectors. It was born of the belief
that the fisheries and aquaculture sector could make more use of AR5, which is long and
highly technical, if it were distilled into an accurate, accessible, timely,
relevant and readable summary. Although the information presented here is a ‘translation’ of the key content relevant to this sector from AR5, this summary report adheres to the rigorous scientific basis of the original source material.
Grateful thanks are extended to all reviewers from both the science and
business communities for their time, effort and invaluable feedback on
this document. The basis for information presented in this overview report can be found
in the fully-referenced and peer-reviewed IPCC technical and scientific
background reports at: www.ipcc.ch
Many fishers and aquaculturists are poor and ill-prepared to adapt to change, making them vulnerable to impacts on fish resources. Nature of the climate change threat. Fisheries and aquaculture are threatened by changes in temperature and, in freshwater ecosystems, precipitation. Storms may become more frequent and extreme, imperilling habitats, stocks, infrastructure and livelihoods.
Regional Workshop on Underutilized Fish and Marine Genetic Resources (FMGR) a...apaari
Regional Workshop on Underutilized Fish and Marine Genetic Resources (FMGR) and their Amelioration, Country Status Report: Sri Lanka by Dr Varuni Gunathilake, Presented during the Regional Workshop on Underutilized Fish and Marine Genetic Resources and their Amelioration, 10-12 July 2019, Location: Colombo, Sri Lanka
Our Florida Reefs - Your Voice, Our Futuredawillison
A presentation outlining the importance of the southeast Florida reef complex and the community planning process crafting management suggestions to protect it.
Possible Alternative Uses Of Underutilized Fish And Marine Genetic Resources ...apaari
Possible Alternative Uses Of Underutilized Fish And Marine Genetic Resources (FMGR) by Chamari Dissanayake (PhD), University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka, Presented during the Regional Workshop on Underutilized Fish and Marine Genetic Resources and their Amelioration, 10-12 July 2019, Location: Colombo, Sri Lanka
Polychaetes of Gulf of Mannar, South East Coast of Indiaijtsrd
Gulf of Mannar is a suitable environment for the study of Polychaetes with special reference to their systematics, spatial and temporal distribution. It has a number of islands and estuaries and a variety of environments such as, mangroves, coral reefs, pearl oyster beds, sea weed and sea grass beds. Hence, a study was conducted for 2 years by collecting samples from 21 stations covering all the ecologically important locations such as, 13 sea bottoms surrounding the islands, 4 estuaries, 3 intertidal regions, and 1 backwater using standard methods. A total of 49 species were identified, out of which 34 are found to be new records to the area. If we take this and the earlier reports in to consideration the total number comes to 144 species and 33 species up to genus level. This is going to be a new information on the distribution of Polychaetes in the Gulf of Mannar region. S. Lazarus | A. Renu | S. Balasubramanian "Polychaetes of Gulf of Mannar, South East Coast of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33010.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/33010/polychaetes-of-gulf-of-mannar-south-east-coast-of-india/s-lazarus
Workshop 7: Building Partnerships and Alliances to Scale Up Climate-smart and Adaptation Solutions in the Caribbeanat The Caribbean-Pacific Agri-Food Forum 2015 (CPAF2015) taking place 2-6 November in Barbados with support from the Intra-ACP Agricultural Policy programme, organized in partnership with the Barbados Agricultural Society (BAS) and the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA). http://www.cta.int/en/news/caribbean-pacific-agri-food-forum.html
A new report from the National Wildlife Federation looks at how 20 species that depend on a healthy Gulf are faring in the wake of the BP oil spill. The full extent of the spill’s impacts may take years or even decades to unfold, but Five Years & Counting: Gulf Wildlife in the Aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon Disaster examines what the science tells us so far.
This National Wildlife Federation report details how 14 Gulf wildlife species are faring in the wake of BP's 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil disaster in the Gulf. Since the tragedy, NWF has closely monitored the harm done to wildlife and important habitats in the Gulf and along the coast. Though the full impacts of the oil spill remain unknown, this summarizes what we know so far, and what restoration still needs to be done. http://www.nwf.org/fouryearslater
Located 80 km from the shoreline of Kawthaung, on the northernmost beach of Pila Island. This secluded beach is surrounded by virgin forest with views out to the open Andaman Sea. The natural bay embraces a 600 metre long beach front, which is divided into two zones by a large rock formation, granting a select number of units further privacy.
Palawan: A Tinderbox-An Assessment of Environment and Natural Resource Use (E...No to mining in Palawan
Palawan: A Tinderbox
An Assessment of Environment and Natural Resource Use (ENR) Conflicts
B.C. Bagadion, Jr., E.A. Soriano, G.O. Mendoza, M.V. Leomo
Draft 12.08.07
Palawan…
UNESCO designated “Man and Biosphere Reserve,” home to seven protected areas; two UNESCO World Heritage Sites
The last frontier of the country’s distinctive center of biodiversity
exploitation of living resources in Antarctica example of competition between the exploiters to be first in obtaining the maximum profit from living resources.
"Why bother about the sustainability of the world's OCEANS" is first in the series of environmental sustainability presentations of WOW Bali International Initiative. This is a continuing documentation of learning resources about global efforts and initiatives aimed at reviving the world's ocean environment and marine and coastal ecosystems. Ultimately, this will show how the earth's oceans are interconnected to human survival and sustainable development.
You may add information and photos (preferably CC0 License; No attribution required photos) with source links and credits into the presentation. Let's collaborate!
Aquifers in the sustainability of Small Island Developing StatesShammy Puri
In in depth review of the views of experts for enhancing the management of aquifers in SIDS, the capacity building needs, management of saline intrusion,
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...
Coral conservation
1. 8 / 1 7 / 2 0 2 1 C E N T R A L I N S T I T U T E O F F I S H E R I E S E D U C A T I O N 1
Conservation strategies
for coral reef ecosystem
FRM – 506
Aquatic ecosystem and biodiversity
2. 8 / 1 7 / 2 0 2 1 C E N T R A L I N S T I T U T E O F F I S H E R I E S E D U C A T I O N 2
Deep water
reefs or
mounds are
less known
25 % of
ocean’s fish
depend on
healthy coral
reefs
Tropical rain
forests of the
sea
3. Anthropogenic interventions
8 / 1 7 / 2 0 2 1 C E N T R A L I N S T I T U T E O F F I S H E R I E S E D U C A T I O N 3
Incredible
destruction
Over
population
Overfishing
Sewage
disposal
Corporate
use
4.
8 / 1 7 / 2 0 2 1 C E N T R A L I N S T I T U T E O F F I S H E R I E S E D U C A T I O N 4
5.
8 / 1 7 / 2 0 2 1 C E N T R A L I N S T I T U T E O F F I S H E R I E S E D U C A T I O N 5
6. El Nino
Sea surface warming
Coral
bleaching
8 / 1 7 / 2 0 2 1 C E N T R A L I N S T I T U T E O F F I S H E R I E S E D U C A T I O N 6
7. Threats – GOM& Palk Bay
47 fishing villages
Reef fishery, Chank fishery, pearl fishery, ornamental shell trade, illegal
mining of corals
Trawl net fishing , gill net fishing
Coral mining- Calcium carbonate industry
Annually 15000 tonnes of coral stones are removed (Venkata- ramanujam
et al, 1981
Large scale quarrying until 1979
Acropora Formosa fragments are collected for lime preparation
Destruction of live corals
8 / 1 7 / 2 0 2 1 C E N T R A L I N S T I T U T E O F F I S H E R I E S E D U C A T I O N 7
8. Threats – GOM& Palk Bay
Seaweed collection for agar- agar manufacturing units
Tourism associated disturbances- minimal
Tourism market
Population pressure
Untreated sewage disposal- bacterial infection
8 / 1 7 / 2 0 2 1 C E N T R A L I N S T I T U T E O F F I S H E R I E S E D U C A T I O N 8
9. Threats – A&N Islands
Fishing: Andamanese- bows and arrows: Nicobarese- spears
Business opportunists and tourists
Pollution from Chatham saw mill
Rapid industrialization
Increasing discharge of sewage
Trampling of corals by snorkellers and swimmers
8 / 1 7 / 2 0 2 1 C E N T R A L I N S T I T U T E O F F I S H E R I E S E D U C A T I O N 9
10. Threats – A&N Islands
Anchoring boats
Unplanned collection of shells and corals
Commercial exploitation of fishes
Settler communities- poor knowledge on coral reefs
Indigenous knowledge lies in tribal communities- not exposed
8 / 1 7 / 2 0 2 1 C E N T R A L I N S T I T U T E O F F I S H E R I E S E D U C A T I O N 1 0
11. Threats – Gulf of Kutch
Commercial exploitation of coral sands- cement industry
Felling of mangroves- sediment load increased
Fishing in the park- sanctuary area
Killing fish through chemicals
Rise in population of fishing community
Over exploitation of breeding grounds
8 / 1 7 / 2 0 2 1 C E N T R A L I N S T I T U T E O F F I S H E R I E S E D U C A T I O N 1 1
12. Threats – Lakshadweep
Coral shingle bricks - building materials
Blasting and dredging in lagoons for navigational channel
Tourism
Garbage and sewage disposal
Collection of souvenirs
8 / 1 7 / 2 0 2 1 C E N T R A L I N S T I T U T E O F F I S H E R I E S E D U C A T I O N 1 2
13. Reefs in India Status Research Perceived threats
Palk bay Slow recovery from 60’s
coral mining
Bio- physical aspects Population pressure and
associated effects
Gulf of Mannar Slow recovery from 60’s
coral mining
Bio- physical aspects,
associated fauna and
human activities
damaging the reefs
Population pressure and
associated effects
Andaman &
Nicobar
Fair excellent, problems
around south island
Bio- physical aspects,
associated fauna and
human activities
damaging the reefs
Siltation due to logging, sand
mining
Lakshadweep Excellent off uninhabited
islands and endangered
along habituated island
Bio- physical aspects,
associated fauna and
human activities
damaging the reefs
Population pressure and
associated effects
Gulf of Kutch 30% of the reefs are living Bio- physical aspects,
associated fauna and
human activities
damaging the reefs
Sedimentation and siltation
due to cutting of mangrove
forests, sand mining for
industrial use, population
pressure
8 / 1 7 / 2 0 2 1 C E N T R A L I N S T I T U T E O F F I S H E R I E S E D U C A T I O N 1 3
16. 8 / 1 7 / 2 0 2 1 C E N T R A L I N S T I T U T E O F F I S H E R I E S E D U C A T I O N 1 6
Integration
Training
Educating
Report writing
17. 8 / 1 7 / 2 0 2 1 C E N T R A L I N S T I T U T E O F F I S H E R I E S E D U C A T I O N 1 7
Reduce sediments & nutrients
Protect breeding grounds
Sustainable reef fisheries
Provide alternative livelihoods
19. International sanctuaries
Florida keys national
marine sanctuaries
Flower
garden
banks
national
marine
sanctuary
Hawaiian island
humpback whale
sanctuary
Fagatele
bay national
marine
sanctuary
8 / 1 7 / 2 0 2 1 C E N T R A L I N S T I T U T E O F F I S H E R I E S E D U C A T I O N 1 9
20. ICRI
CBD
NAWEG
8 / 1 7 / 2 0 2 1 C E N T R A L I N S T I T U T E O F F I S H E R I E S E D U C A T I O N 2 0
WCO
IPCO
SPREP
21.
8 / 1 7 / 2 0 2 1 C E N T R A L I N S T I T U T E O F F I S H E R I E S E D U C A T I O N 2 1
22. “Mission: Iconic reefs”
Launched by NOAA
To save Florida Keys coral reefs
To recover the seven iconic reefs
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida
department of Environmental protection, coral restoration
foundation, Florida aquarium, The nature conservancy, Reef
Renewal and the National Marine Sanctuary foundation
8 / 1 7 / 2 0 2 1 C E N T R A L I N S T I T U T E O F F I S H E R I E S E D U C A T I O N 2 2
23. Continuation….
Removal of coral’s competitor - Palythoa
Out plantation of variety of coral species
Introduction of beneficial predators- sea urchin, Caribbean king crab
Appointment of gardeners – remove marine debris, nuisance
species
8 / 1 7 / 2 0 2 1 C E N T R A L I N S T I T U T E O F F I S H E R I E S E D U C A T I O N 2 3
24.
8 / 1 7 / 2 0 2 1 C E N T R A L I N S T I T U T E O F F I S H E R I E S E D U C A T I O N 2 4
25. 8 / 1 7 / 2 0 2 1 C E N T R A L I N S T I T U T E O F F I S H E R I E S E D U C A T I O N 2 5
26.
8 / 1 7 / 2 0 2 1 C E N T R A L I N S T I T U T E O F F I S H E R I E S E D U C A T I O N 2 6
27.
8 / 1 7 / 2 0 2 1 C E N T R A L I N S T I T U T E O F F I S H E R I E S E D U C A T I O N 2 7
28.
8 / 1 7 / 2 0 2 1 C E N T R A L I N S T I T U T E O F F I S H E R I E S E D U C A T I O N 2 8
29.
8 / 1 7 / 2 0 2 1 C E N T R A L I N S T I T U T E O F F I S H E R I E S E D U C A T I O N 2 9
30. 8 / 1 7 / 2 0 2 1 C E N T R A L I N S T I T U T E O F F I S H E R I E S E D U C A T I O N 3 0
32. SRP CORail (April 2020)
Artificial concrete reef
Sulu –reef prosthesis
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33. 8 / 1 7 / 2 0 2 1 C E N T R A L I N S T I T U T E O F F I S H E R I E S E D U C A T I O N 3 3
Global coral reef
extent map
Arizona State
University Centre
for Global Discovery
and Conservation
Science
Airborne mapping of
coral reefs
34. Department of forest and wildlife – monitor,
manage and conserve reefs
MoEF, GOI- develop action plan, issues guidelines
National committee for mangrove and wetland
conservation
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35. India’s National Conservation Strategy and
Environmental Action Plan(UNDP, 1997) –
management of coral reef ecosystem
Wildlife protection Act- 1972
Coastal regulation zone notification - 1991
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36. Institutions involved in coral reef research
in India
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Department of ocean development
Space application centre
Zoological Survey of India
CMFRI
NIO
World- wide fund for Nature India
37. Government of Tamil Nadu – banned the quarrying of massive
corals
Krusudai island- marine organism collection banned
MPAs, marine biospheres – state department of forest and wildlife
GoM- marine biosphere (21 islands –reserve lands) – sec. 26 of Tn
Forest Act
Islands and Sea around the islands up to 3.5 to 5 fathom depth-
national park
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38. Zoning for tourism development
Man-power development- SCUBA diving facilities
People centered development and sustainable management of
biodiversity, management research
M.S.Swaminathan Research Foundation – GEF
Co-management initiatives
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39. All coral reefs- national marine parks
Unprotected area – Department of Fisheries
Restrict the entry of people into the parks
Tourists are allowed – Redskin and jollyboy Islands
Ban on gathering corals and endangered mollusks
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40. 42 islands along Coast of Jamnagar- first national marine parks
1st notification – 221 sq km sanctuary
2nd notification – 237 sq km
National park- department of forest
Ban on collecting corals and endangered marine species
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41. India’s atoll Union territory
Department of science, technology and environment- EIA report
Department of science, technology and environment- periodic
awareness programs
Development of appropriate sewage disposal system
Appointment of Environmental wardens and wildlife wardens
Management plan for coral reefs – administration of Lakshadweep
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