This document summarizes the history and evolution of copyright law in the United States, focusing on key acts and cases. It discusses how copyright law has expanded over time to protect unpublished and digital works. Recent issues addressed include identifying copyright holders when protections expire, and determining what constitutes "personal use" of copyrighted content on social media. The document concludes by noting that social media is presenting new challenges for copyright law.
This infogram could be used as a starting point for people who would like to learn more about how and why Creative Commons came to be, as well as providing information about its activities and support of the open movement.
From Transnationality to Territoriality and Back: The Case of Creative Common...Dobusch Leonhard
Talk at the conference "The International Law of Intellectual Property", co-organized by the Weizenbaum-Institute for the Networked Society in Co-Operation with Cambridge University and Humboldt University Berlin, Josef-Kohler-Institute for Intellectual Property, June 24-25, 2019, Berlin
2017 Special Libraries Association Conference Presentation by Christopher Kenneally - Copyright Clearance Center for "Fair Use in the Digital Age" conference session.
This infogram could be used as a starting point for people who would like to learn more about how and why Creative Commons came to be, as well as providing information about its activities and support of the open movement.
From Transnationality to Territoriality and Back: The Case of Creative Common...Dobusch Leonhard
Talk at the conference "The International Law of Intellectual Property", co-organized by the Weizenbaum-Institute for the Networked Society in Co-Operation with Cambridge University and Humboldt University Berlin, Josef-Kohler-Institute for Intellectual Property, June 24-25, 2019, Berlin
2017 Special Libraries Association Conference Presentation by Christopher Kenneally - Copyright Clearance Center for "Fair Use in the Digital Age" conference session.
Social Media Impact on Copyright Infringement:CaitMorrissey
This research paper was written for the summer 2019 Communication Law & Policy course. The author is a Journalism and Media Communication (JMC) undergraduate in the College of Communication, Fine Arts and Media (CFAM) at the University of Nebraska at Omaha.
What is the threat to culture by a read-only world, and how do t.pdfforwardcom41
What is the threat to culture by a \"read-only world,\" and how do the CC licenses provided by
Lessig address this threat?
Solution
The primary argument against the current state of copyright is the length of copyright. As
stated above, the Constitution established copyright for a “limited period”. In the first one
hundred years of United States history, the term of copyright was increased once (to a 42 year
maximum). In the next fifty years, the term was increased once more (to a maximum of 56
years). In the past forty years, Congress has increased the terms of existing and future
copyrights; most recently, in 1998, Congress extended existing copyrights by twenty years
(Lessig Free Culture ).
This prevents many works from entering the “public domain” and becoming part of the
common culture. A good example of this is Walt Disney’s “Steamboat Willie”, the first
appearance of Mickey Mouse. Before the 1998 copyright amendments, “Steamboat Willie”
would have become public domain in 2003: now, it is under copyright until 2023, assuming the
law is not changed again. This is particularly ironic, given that Walt Disney and the Disney
corporation have made extensive use of “public domain” works (such as The Hunchback of
Notre Dame and Treasure Island) in their own production of derivative copyrighted works.
Indeed, “Steamboat Willie” is itself a parody of a contemporary Buster Keaton film, “Steamboat
Bill Jr.” (Lessig Free Culture )
“Fair use” is a controversial provision in copyright law because it is not clearly defined. The
U.S. Copyright Office states “The distinction between fair use and infringement may be unclear
and not easily defined. There is no specific number of words, lines, or notes that may safely be
taken without permission” (“Fair Use”). In practice, it is up to the user to defend his “fair use”
right and bear the legal costs of doing so. Jon Else, a documentary filmmaker, was quoted a
$10,000 fee to license four and a half seconds of a Simpsons episode that was playing in the
background of one scene in a documentary about opera. When he suggested that this was
covered under “fair use”, Fox (the copyright distributor) threatened to sue him, leading Else to
edit the scene .
In some cases, it is difficult or impossible to find the original copyright owner, especially
since copyright registration is no longer required. These works are commonly called “orphan
works”. Without permission, these works cannot be reprinted or redistributed, and disappear
from the culture. When Carnegie Mellon attempted to obtain permission to digitize works in
their libraries, they found that 22% of the publishers of those works could not be contacted
(“Report on Orphan”). If the owners or publishers of a work cannot be contacted, there is no
way
to reach an agreement on reprinting and reproduction rights. Without such an agreement, the
work in question will eventually become unavailable, except possibly through resellers of used
media or through illicit chann.
Social Media Impact on Copyright Infringement:CaitMorrissey
This research paper was written for the summer 2019 Communication Law & Policy course. The author is a Journalism and Media Communication (JMC) undergraduate in the College of Communication, Fine Arts and Media (CFAM) at the University of Nebraska at Omaha.
What is the threat to culture by a read-only world, and how do t.pdfforwardcom41
What is the threat to culture by a \"read-only world,\" and how do the CC licenses provided by
Lessig address this threat?
Solution
The primary argument against the current state of copyright is the length of copyright. As
stated above, the Constitution established copyright for a “limited period”. In the first one
hundred years of United States history, the term of copyright was increased once (to a 42 year
maximum). In the next fifty years, the term was increased once more (to a maximum of 56
years). In the past forty years, Congress has increased the terms of existing and future
copyrights; most recently, in 1998, Congress extended existing copyrights by twenty years
(Lessig Free Culture ).
This prevents many works from entering the “public domain” and becoming part of the
common culture. A good example of this is Walt Disney’s “Steamboat Willie”, the first
appearance of Mickey Mouse. Before the 1998 copyright amendments, “Steamboat Willie”
would have become public domain in 2003: now, it is under copyright until 2023, assuming the
law is not changed again. This is particularly ironic, given that Walt Disney and the Disney
corporation have made extensive use of “public domain” works (such as The Hunchback of
Notre Dame and Treasure Island) in their own production of derivative copyrighted works.
Indeed, “Steamboat Willie” is itself a parody of a contemporary Buster Keaton film, “Steamboat
Bill Jr.” (Lessig Free Culture )
“Fair use” is a controversial provision in copyright law because it is not clearly defined. The
U.S. Copyright Office states “The distinction between fair use and infringement may be unclear
and not easily defined. There is no specific number of words, lines, or notes that may safely be
taken without permission” (“Fair Use”). In practice, it is up to the user to defend his “fair use”
right and bear the legal costs of doing so. Jon Else, a documentary filmmaker, was quoted a
$10,000 fee to license four and a half seconds of a Simpsons episode that was playing in the
background of one scene in a documentary about opera. When he suggested that this was
covered under “fair use”, Fox (the copyright distributor) threatened to sue him, leading Else to
edit the scene .
In some cases, it is difficult or impossible to find the original copyright owner, especially
since copyright registration is no longer required. These works are commonly called “orphan
works”. Without permission, these works cannot be reprinted or redistributed, and disappear
from the culture. When Carnegie Mellon attempted to obtain permission to digitize works in
their libraries, they found that 22% of the publishers of those works could not be contacted
(“Report on Orphan”). If the owners or publishers of a work cannot be contacted, there is no
way
to reach an agreement on reprinting and reproduction rights. Without such an agreement, the
work in question will eventually become unavailable, except possibly through resellers of used
media or through illicit chann.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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2. Brief History of Copyright Law
The First Amendment gives us the freedom to create while the constitution gives us the ability to
have these creations protected (Lisby, 2017, p. 259).
The Copyright Act of 1909 began the work of protecting all works that have not yet been
published.
The Copyright Act of 1976 protects original works in ALL types of mediums.
3. Statute Law
Mazer v. Stein (1954) protected a creator when he changed the use of the art work he had
copyrighted. This case demonstrates Congress’s wish to “advance the public wellfre through the
talents of authors and inventors.”
Does playing a song or movie electronically count as a performance? Twentieth Century Music v.
Aiken (1975)
Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1996 was which amended the Copyright Act of 1976 was
created to help with the changes in technology and the ability to publish content digitally
4. Recent Case Law
A feature piece in the New York Times
brought to light a flaw in the copyright
system. When a copyright expires or is
changed the creator or holder of it is not
made known (Rohter, 2013).
Social media is causing a stir in copyright law
as well. Conrad v. Community Credit Union
(2014) brought up the question of whether or
not social media is considered “personal use.”
5. Law Review Analysis
In this evolving age of social media we are seeing an “enforcement paradox” where those who
need protection through copyright on social media cannot afford to take these things to court
and those that do not have merit for a case are the people with the money to go to court
(Wichtowski, 2017).
Wichtowski’s proposed solution was a changed to the Digital Millennium Copyright Act which
would “allow social media platforms to bring suit as a nonexclusive rights holder for the
infringement of users’ content” (2017, p. 255).
6. Conclusion
Social media is adding new challenges and
questions to copyright laws.
There will more than likely be a shift in the
way copyright laws are handled on social
media as social sights become more settled
in this new industry.