The document discusses India's Consumer Protection Act of 1986. It was enacted to protect consumer rights and provide effective redress against unfair trade practices and exploitation of consumers. The key objectives of the act are to promote and protect consumer rights, establish consumer protection councils at central, state and district levels, and provide a simple dispute resolution mechanism. The act defines terms like consumer, service, unfair trade practices. It also outlines the composition and jurisdiction of consumer protection councils at different levels and the process for filing consumer complaints. Remedies under the act include replacing defective goods, withdrawing hazardous goods, corrective advertising and returning paid amounts.
Engines of Success for U.S. Health Reform?
Eric B. Larson, MD, MPHVice President for Research, Group Health Executive Director, Group Health Research Institute
Doctor-patient relationship, Doctor-patient contract, Law of tort, Contract in tort, Damage / compensation by Doctor to patient, Implied contract, Expressed contract, Continue to treat, Reasonable care, Reasonable skill, Not to undertake any procedure beyond his skill, Professional medical secrets (during patient care).
Engines of Success for U.S. Health Reform?
Eric B. Larson, MD, MPHVice President for Research, Group Health Executive Director, Group Health Research Institute
Doctor-patient relationship, Doctor-patient contract, Law of tort, Contract in tort, Damage / compensation by Doctor to patient, Implied contract, Expressed contract, Continue to treat, Reasonable care, Reasonable skill, Not to undertake any procedure beyond his skill, Professional medical secrets (during patient care).
Although female feoticide is a topic beginning to gain more public awareness, the laws surrounding sex selective abortions remain unclear due to political and judicial jargon. The Pre-Conception and Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques Act was passed in 1994 banning prenatal sex determination as a means to prevent sex selective abortions.
According to the act, a prenatal diagnostic procedure includes any medical procedure such as ultrasonography, foetoscopy, or sampling of amniotic fluid, chorionic villi, blood, any tissue or fluid, which is sent to a genetic laboratory or clinic for pre-natal analysis or diagnostic tests for sex selection. Pre-natal analysis could include any tests conducted on pregnant women to detect genetic disorders, metabolic disorders, chromosomal abnormalities, congenital anomalies, haemoglobinopathies, and sex-linked diseases.
Law and Dentistry tells us about certain basic and foremost important laws in dentistry and also enlist DO's and Dont's for a dentist practitioner.
Text taken from standard book Essentials Of Preventive Community Dentistry- by Dr. Soben Peter
Although female feoticide is a topic beginning to gain more public awareness, the laws surrounding sex selective abortions remain unclear due to political and judicial jargon. The Pre-Conception and Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques Act was passed in 1994 banning prenatal sex determination as a means to prevent sex selective abortions.
According to the act, a prenatal diagnostic procedure includes any medical procedure such as ultrasonography, foetoscopy, or sampling of amniotic fluid, chorionic villi, blood, any tissue or fluid, which is sent to a genetic laboratory or clinic for pre-natal analysis or diagnostic tests for sex selection. Pre-natal analysis could include any tests conducted on pregnant women to detect genetic disorders, metabolic disorders, chromosomal abnormalities, congenital anomalies, haemoglobinopathies, and sex-linked diseases.
Law and Dentistry tells us about certain basic and foremost important laws in dentistry and also enlist DO's and Dont's for a dentist practitioner.
Text taken from standard book Essentials Of Preventive Community Dentistry- by Dr. Soben Peter
this slid is regarding Indian consumer protection of 1986. it will be useful for students who are doing MBA PGDM and graduation in commerce and management
CPA act provides different clauses and provisions to protect the well defined interests of consumers.
This PPT defines various terms and concepts used in the act, and also the governing bodies as defined in CPA 1986.
The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 was enacted to provide a simpler and quicker access to redressal of consumer grievances. The Act for the first time introduced the concept of 'consumer' and conferred express additional rights on him.
“NEED FOR CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT
IN AN ERA OF FREE COMPETITION
WHERE CONSUMER IS THE KING
THEREFORE, KING NEED PROTECTION”
Introduction
Problems Faced By Consumers
Evolution Of Consumer Protection Rights In India
Consumer Protection Act - 1986
Who is a Consumer
International Scenario
Rights Of A Consumer/ Objectives Of The Act
What is Complaint
Procedure Of Filing A Complaint
What are Forums
“Jago Grahak Jago” Scheme Of Govt. Of India
Consumer Guidance Society Of India (CGSI)
Statistical Data
Comparison Of Consumer Protection Act In India And
Brazil
Case Studies
DHARAMDAS PRITIANI VS. HDFC ERGO GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY LTD
CHETAN PRAKASH VS. MET INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
KRISHAN KUMAR BAJAJ VS. PEPSICO
Recommendations
The Consumer Protection Bill, 1986 seeks to provide for better protection of the interests of consumers and for the purpose, to make provision for the establishment of Consumer councils and other authorities for the settlement of consumer disputes and for matter connected therewith. (f) right to consumer education.
this is a very short notes and which will be very easy to learn. it helps you out in your exam. please do read it. hope you like this presentation. if there is any mistake please do let me know in comment box. thank you.
Responsibilities of the office bearers while registering multi-state cooperat...Finlaw Consultancy Pvt Ltd
Introduction-
The process of register multi-state cooperative society in India is governed by the Multi-State Co-operative Societies Act, 2002. This process requires the office bearers to undertake several crucial responsibilities to ensure compliance with legal and regulatory frameworks. The key office bearers typically include the President, Secretary, and Treasurer, along with other elected members of the managing committee. Their responsibilities encompass administrative, legal, and financial duties essential for the successful registration and operation of the society.
Car Accident Injury Do I Have a Case....Knowyourright
Every year, thousands of Minnesotans are injured in car accidents. These injuries can be severe – even life-changing. Under Minnesota law, you can pursue compensation through a personal injury lawsuit.
Military Commissions details LtCol Thomas Jasper as Detailed Defense CounselThomas (Tom) Jasper
Military Commissions Trial Judiciary, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Notice of the Chief Defense Counsel's detailing of LtCol Thomas F. Jasper, Jr. USMC, as Detailed Defense Counsel for Abd Al Hadi Al-Iraqi on 6 August 2014 in the case of United States v. Hadi al Iraqi (10026)
NATURE, ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.pptxanvithaav
These slides helps the student of international law to understand what is the nature of international law? and how international law was originated and developed?.
The slides was well structured along with the highlighted points for better understanding .
WINDING UP of COMPANY, Modes of DissolutionKHURRAMWALI
Winding up, also known as liquidation, refers to the legal and financial process of dissolving a company. It involves ceasing operations, selling assets, settling debts, and ultimately removing the company from the official business registry.
Here's a breakdown of the key aspects of winding up:
Reasons for Winding Up:
Insolvency: This is the most common reason, where the company cannot pay its debts. Creditors may initiate a compulsory winding up to recover their dues.
Voluntary Closure: The owners may decide to close the company due to reasons like reaching business goals, facing losses, or merging with another company.
Deadlock: If shareholders or directors cannot agree on how to run the company, a court may order a winding up.
Types of Winding Up:
Voluntary Winding Up: This is initiated by the company's shareholders through a resolution passed by a majority vote. There are two main types:
Members' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is solvent (has enough assets to pay off its debts) and shareholders will receive any remaining assets after debts are settled.
Creditors' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is insolvent and creditors will be prioritized in receiving payment from the sale of assets.
Compulsory Winding Up: This is initiated by a court order, typically at the request of creditors, government agencies, or even by the company itself if it's insolvent.
Process of Winding Up:
Appointment of Liquidator: A qualified professional is appointed to oversee the winding-up process. They are responsible for selling assets, paying off debts, and distributing any remaining funds.
Cease Trading: The company stops its regular business operations.
Notification of Creditors: Creditors are informed about the winding up and invited to submit their claims.
Sale of Assets: The company's assets are sold to generate cash to pay off creditors.
Payment of Debts: Creditors are paid according to a set order of priority, with secured creditors receiving payment before unsecured creditors.
Distribution to Shareholders: If there are any remaining funds after all debts are settled, they are distributed to shareholders according to their ownership stake.
Dissolution: Once all claims are settled and distributions made, the company is officially dissolved and removed from the business register.
Impact of Winding Up:
Employees: Employees will likely lose their jobs during the winding-up process.
Creditors: Creditors may not recover their debts in full, especially if the company is insolvent.
Shareholders: Shareholders may not receive any payout if the company's debts exceed its assets.
Winding up is a complex legal and financial process that can have significant consequences for all parties involved. It's important to seek professional legal and financial advice when considering winding up a company.
In 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs established a committee led by Prof. (Dr.) Ranbir Singh, former Vice Chancellor of National Law University (NLU), Delhi. This committee was tasked with reviewing the three codes of criminal law. The primary objective of the committee was to propose comprehensive reforms to the country’s criminal laws in a manner that is both principled and effective.
The committee’s focus was on ensuring the safety and security of individuals, communities, and the nation as a whole. Throughout its deliberations, the committee aimed to uphold constitutional values such as justice, dignity, and the intrinsic value of each individual. Their goal was to recommend amendments to the criminal laws that align with these values and priorities.
Subsequently, in February, the committee successfully submitted its recommendations regarding amendments to the criminal law. These recommendations are intended to serve as a foundation for enhancing the current legal framework, promoting safety and security, and upholding the constitutional principles of justice, dignity, and the inherent worth of every individual.
2. INTRODUCTION
Industrialization and economic dvpmnt
Increased the no: of consumer
Increased the consumption of goods & services.
Consumer exploitation
Consumer movements
Consumer Protection Act 1986.
3. OBJECTIVES OF
THE ACT
Promoting and protecting
the consumer rights.
Providing for the
establishment of consumer
council and other
authorities.
Providing speedy and
simple redressal machinery
at district state and central
level for settling consumer
disputes and related
matters.
4. CONSUMER
A person who buys/avails
any goods/service for a
consideration which has
been paid/ promised/ partly
paid and partly promised or
under scheme of deferred
payment and includes other
user of such goods/service
with the approval of the
buyer.
Note
• Consumer does not include a
person who obtains goods or
avails services for commercial
purpose or re-sale, or given
free of charge
5. Service
Sec2(1)(0) of the act defines the
word service. It means service of
any description which is made
available to potential users
includes the facilities in
connection with
banking, financing, insurance, tr
ansport, processing, supply of
electrical or other
energy, boarding or both house
construction, entertainment, am
usement or other
information,but it does not
include the rendering of service
free of chargeor under a
contract of free of service.
6. • Instances of
commercial purpose
not treated as
consumers
• Purchase of vehicle for
running it as taxi
• Purchase of goods for
resale
• Purchase of
photocopier for
commercial purpose
• Instances of commercial
purpose treated as
consumers
• A railway passenger is a
consumer
• An employee who is a
member of EPF
• A person using electricity
for commercial purpose
• Nominee under a policy
of life insurance.
•The r/s of teacher and student in an educatnal institution is not
a service
•Service rendered by the govt servants under the central govt
health insurance scheme are not covered by the term service
8. UNFAIR TRADE
PRACTICE
• Unfair method or deceptive
practice adopted for
promoting the sale, use or
supply of any goods or for
the provision of any
services.
1. Misleading Advertisements
and False representation
2. Bargain sale
3. Offering gifts or prizes with the
intention of not providing it.
4. Non compliance of prescribed
standards
5. Hoarding/destruction of goods
9.
10. Consumer
protection council
• The COPRA 1986 provides
the constitution of
consumer protection
council at the
• central
• state and
• district levels.
11. CENTRAL CONSUMER PROTECTION
COUNCIL
• 150 members
• Headed by minister in charge of consumer affiars
Also includes:
• Minister/Deputy minister of state for food&civil
supplies.
• Members of parliament
• Consumer of SC and ST
• Representatives of consumer org.
• The term of council is for 3 yrs.
• It shall have the jurisdiction to entertain
complaints where the value of the goods or
services and compensation the claim exceeds Rs.
1 Crore
12. State consumer protection council
• Established by state govt
• Includes
• Minister in charge of the consumer affairs in the state govt
- chairman
• Members nominated by the state and central govt.
• It shall have the jurisdiction to entertain complaints
where the value of the goods or services and
compensation, if any, claimed exceeds Rs. 20 Lakhs
but does not exceed Rs.1 Crore
OBJECTS OF THE COUNCIL:
• To promote and protect within the state the rights of the
consumer.
13. District consumer protection council
• Established by state govt
• Includes:
• District collector-chairman
• Official and non official members nominated by the state
govt
• It shall have jurisdiction to entertain complaints
where the value of the goods or services and the
compensation, if any, claimed does not exceed
Rs.20 Lakhs
• OBJECTS:
• To promote and protect the rights of the consumer within
the district
14. Content of Consumer Complaint
• Details of the complainant.
• Details of the opposite party or parties.
• The facts relating to complaint and when and where it arose.
• Documents, if any, in support of the allegations contained in the complaint.
• Relief which the complainant is seeking.
• Complaint should be addressed to the president of the forum.
• Within 21 days a copy is sent to the opposite party to give his version of the case.
• In case of failure the district forum will proceed in the manner under sec13(c )(g)of
COPRA.
• In case of alleged goods require analysis it will be sent to laboratory for testing by
district forum.The copy of the result will be sent to the opposite party.
• If the allegations made is found true by the district forum the following are the
remedies:
15. Remedies Under COPRA
• To remove the defects pointed out by the appropriate laboratory
from goods in question
• To withdraw the hazardous goods from being offered for sale
• To cease from manufacturing of hazardous goods
• Not to offer the hazardous goods for sale.
• Issue of corrective advertisement
• Provision of adequate costs to parties
• To replace the goods with new goods of similar description
which shall be free from any defect
• To return to the complainant the price, or, as the case may be, the
charges paid by the complainant.
• To remove the defects or deficiencies in the services in question
• To discontinue the unfair trade practice or the restrictive trade
practice or not to repeat them.