The document summarizes a presentation on the hazards of third-hand smoke. Third-hand smoke refers to residual tobacco smoke pollution that remains on surfaces and in dust after smoking. It consists of chemicals from tobacco smoke that react with indoor pollutants to form new harmful compounds. Exposure can occur through skin contact or dust ingestion. Studies have found third-hand smoke increases health risks like heart and lung disease and DNA damage. It particularly endangers children since they interact with contaminated surfaces. More research is still needed but eliminating smoking indoors can help reduce third-hand smoke exposure.
Air can be contaminated by a range of very different particles such as dust, pollen, soot, smoke, and liquid droplets. Many of them can harm our health, especially very small particles that can enter deep into the lungs.
What is known about the different health effects of particles?
Rising healthcare costs driven by an aging population and increased chronic disease prevalence pose a major threat to American businesses. Healthcare spending has more than doubled as a percentage of GDP since 1970 and is projected to reach 20% by 2015, with nearly 70% of growth from chronic diseases. This aging workforce trends means over 25% of US workers will be aged 55+ by 2020, increasing healthcare needs and costs for employers who insure over 156 million non-elderly Americans. Wellness programs can help address this by reducing risk factors and healthcare utilization, saving businesses up to 60% of health costs on average through improved productivity and reduced absenteeism.
This document provides information about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) including its definition, causes, diagnosis, management, and related conditions like emphysema and bronchiectasis. COPD is a progressive lung disease characterized by limited airflow in the lungs. The primary cause is cigarette smoking which leads to an abnormal inflammatory response in the lungs. Symptoms include breathlessness, chronic cough, and sputum production. Spirometry is required for diagnosis and shows airflow limitation. Management involves smoking cessation, bronchodilators, steroids, vaccines, and oxygen supplementation during exacerbations. Related conditions like emphysema and bronchiectasis are also discussed.
This document is a thesis written by Sean Mc Garry on the topic of air pollution in the built environment. It examines how particulate matter concentrations vary with height above ground and the surrounding landscape. The document contains an introduction on particulate matter and its health impacts. It then describes the equipment and area of study used, the methodology, results from measurements of particulate matter at different heights and locations, a discussion section, and conclusions. The overall aim is to better understand how particulate matter levels are influenced by vertical location and the building landscape.
I was recently invited to present a poster at the Liverpool John Moores University / Bionow event on 16th May 2017. The interdisciplinary project involved the lung biosimulator to determine the impact of cigarette / e-cigarette smoke on pulmonary surfactant function. My collaborator, Dr Jason Birkett, provided GC / GC-MS support for smoke vapour analysis / quantification. I thought the poster may be of interest to some, hence the post. BW. Mike.
Effective Local Action on Air Quality in London - Ian Mudwaymappingforchange
Poor air quality in London results in significant public health impacts, including 340,000 years of life lost in 2008 equivalent to 29,000 deaths. Exposure to traffic pollution is associated with increased respiratory and cardiovascular effects. While legal pollution limits are in place, the evidence suggests no safe threshold for air pollution exists. Short-term personal mitigation may be needed given the lack of solutions to reduce vehicle emissions in London.
The document summarizes a presentation on the hazards of third-hand smoke. Third-hand smoke refers to residual tobacco smoke pollution that remains on surfaces and in dust after smoking. It consists of chemicals from tobacco smoke that react with indoor pollutants to form new harmful compounds. Exposure can occur through skin contact or dust ingestion. Studies have found third-hand smoke increases health risks like heart and lung disease and DNA damage. It particularly endangers children since they interact with contaminated surfaces. More research is still needed but eliminating smoking indoors can help reduce third-hand smoke exposure.
Air can be contaminated by a range of very different particles such as dust, pollen, soot, smoke, and liquid droplets. Many of them can harm our health, especially very small particles that can enter deep into the lungs.
What is known about the different health effects of particles?
Rising healthcare costs driven by an aging population and increased chronic disease prevalence pose a major threat to American businesses. Healthcare spending has more than doubled as a percentage of GDP since 1970 and is projected to reach 20% by 2015, with nearly 70% of growth from chronic diseases. This aging workforce trends means over 25% of US workers will be aged 55+ by 2020, increasing healthcare needs and costs for employers who insure over 156 million non-elderly Americans. Wellness programs can help address this by reducing risk factors and healthcare utilization, saving businesses up to 60% of health costs on average through improved productivity and reduced absenteeism.
This document provides information about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) including its definition, causes, diagnosis, management, and related conditions like emphysema and bronchiectasis. COPD is a progressive lung disease characterized by limited airflow in the lungs. The primary cause is cigarette smoking which leads to an abnormal inflammatory response in the lungs. Symptoms include breathlessness, chronic cough, and sputum production. Spirometry is required for diagnosis and shows airflow limitation. Management involves smoking cessation, bronchodilators, steroids, vaccines, and oxygen supplementation during exacerbations. Related conditions like emphysema and bronchiectasis are also discussed.
This document is a thesis written by Sean Mc Garry on the topic of air pollution in the built environment. It examines how particulate matter concentrations vary with height above ground and the surrounding landscape. The document contains an introduction on particulate matter and its health impacts. It then describes the equipment and area of study used, the methodology, results from measurements of particulate matter at different heights and locations, a discussion section, and conclusions. The overall aim is to better understand how particulate matter levels are influenced by vertical location and the building landscape.
I was recently invited to present a poster at the Liverpool John Moores University / Bionow event on 16th May 2017. The interdisciplinary project involved the lung biosimulator to determine the impact of cigarette / e-cigarette smoke on pulmonary surfactant function. My collaborator, Dr Jason Birkett, provided GC / GC-MS support for smoke vapour analysis / quantification. I thought the poster may be of interest to some, hence the post. BW. Mike.
Effective Local Action on Air Quality in London - Ian Mudwaymappingforchange
Poor air quality in London results in significant public health impacts, including 340,000 years of life lost in 2008 equivalent to 29,000 deaths. Exposure to traffic pollution is associated with increased respiratory and cardiovascular effects. While legal pollution limits are in place, the evidence suggests no safe threshold for air pollution exists. Short-term personal mitigation may be needed given the lack of solutions to reduce vehicle emissions in London.
Low toxicity dusts: new concerns for old stuff. Retired
This document discusses the health risks posed by exposure to low toxicity dusts and argues that current exposure limits are not sufficiently protective of worker health. It notes that even relatively low exposures to dusts can harm the lung and that the surface area of dust particles, rather than just the concentration, is an important factor influencing health effects. The document recommends reducing workplace dust exposures as far below current limits as feasible and suggests aiming to keep respirable dust levels below 1 mg/m3.
Fuel emissions correlation assessment of indoor pollutants from different hou...IAEME Publication
This study measured indoor air pollutant levels in households using different fuels for cooking in Mysore, India. Higher levels of particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide were found during cooking compared to WHO guidelines. Biomass fuel households had the highest pollutant levels, especially for particulate matter and respirable particulate matter. Coal fuel households also showed high levels of nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide during cooking. Statistical analysis found many of the pollutants were strongly correlated with each other and with type of fuel, indicating fuel use impacts indoor air quality.
Fuel emissions correlation assessment of indoor pollutants from different hou...IAEME Publication
Air is rendered impure for respiration of man due to combustion of coal, gas, oil, traffic and manufacturing processes that give off dust, fumes, vapors and gases. The common indoor air pollutants are CO, NOX, SOX and particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0). The present work is on exposure assessment of indoor air pollutants in different households for five different fuels i.e., Kerosene, Biomass, LPG, Cow dung cakes and Coal. Sampling stations were considered in and around Mysore city. Indoor concentration of NO2, SO2, SPM, RSPM and CO for all the fuels were monitored using Handy sampler, personal sampler and Gastec precision gas detection system respectively. Sampling before, during and after cooking was carried out for 2 hours. Higher NO2 indoor concentrations during cooking were found to be 223.45µg/m3 in households where coal is used as fuel, while min concentration of 158.34 µg/m3 was found to be in LPG households using LPG. SO2 was found to be as high as 167.34µg/m3 in coal used households while low concentration was observed in LPG using households. SPM and RSPM were found to be high in biomass households (1438.5.µg/m3 and 1484.89µg/m3). High CO concentration of 30ppm was found during cooking period in coal used households. Pearson’s correlation values for most of the parameters were found to be significant at 0.01 level. It was concluded that indoor air pollutants CO and RSPM are very closely correlated in most fuels, and have the impact on human health
FUEL EMISSIONS’ CORRELATION ASSESSMENT OF INDOOR POLLUTANTS FROM DIFFERENT HO...IAEME Publication
Air is rendered impure for respiration of man due to combustion of coal, gas, oil, traffic and manufacturing processes that give off dust, fumes, vapors and gases. The common indoor air pollutants are CO, NO X , SO X and particulate matter (PM 10, PM 2.5 and PM 1.0 ). The present work is on exposure assessment of indoor air pollutants in different households for five different fuels i.e., Kerosene, Biomass, LPG, Cow dung cakes and Coal. Sampling stations were considered in and around Mysore city. Indoor concentration of NO 2 , SO 2 , SPM, RSPM and CO for all the fuels were monitored using Handy sampler, personal sampler and Gastec precision gas detection system respectively. Sampling before, during and after coo king was carried out for 2 hours. Higher NO 2 indoor concentrations during cooking were found to be 223.45μ g/m 3 in households where coal is used as fuel, while min concentration of 158.34 μ g/ m 3 was found to be in LPG households using LPG. SO 2 was found to be as high as 167.34μ g/m 3 in coal used households while low concentration was observed in LPG using households. SPM and RSPM were found to be high in biomass households (1438.5.μ g/m 3 and 1484.89μ g/m 3 ). High CO concentration of 30ppm was found during cooking period in coal used households. Pearson’s correlation values for most of the parameters were found to be significant at 0.01 level. It was concluded that indoor air pollutants CO and RSPM are very closely correlated in most fuels, and have the impact on human health
Air pollution is associated with adverse health outcomes like respiratory diseases. Rapid urbanization and increased energy consumption have exposed humans to more pollutants. Air pollution exacerbates asthma and causes inflammation in the lungs. It is a major risk factor for lung cancer. Common air pollutants like PM2.5 and diesel exhaust particles can lead to oxidative stress, cell damage, and IgE production in the lungs. Strict policies are needed to control vehicle emissions and industrial pollution to reduce the health impacts of air pollution.
Gordon McFiggans and Roy Harrison - E-Cigarette Summit 2014Neil Mclaren
1. Researchers conducted chamber studies to measure the particles produced from e-cigarettes. They found that e-cigarette particles were smaller in size and lower in mass concentration compared to traditional cigarettes.
2. While e-cigarette particle mass concentrations were much lower than cigarettes and urban environments, the number of particles could approach or exceed urban levels if multiple users vaped in an enclosed space.
3. More research is still needed, but preliminary results suggest passive vaping may pose an exposure risk without ventilation. Overall health risks are likely smaller than from traditional cigarettes but warrant further study of nanoparticle exposures.
This document discusses air pollution. Some key points:
1. It identifies various sources of air pollution including stationary sources like power plants, mobile sources like vehicles, and natural sources like wildfires.
2. It describes the health impacts of different air pollutants like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter which can cause respiratory and cardiovascular issues.
3. It discusses how meteorological factors like wind speed, temperature inversions, and turbulence affect the dispersion of air pollutants. Stable atmospheric conditions tend to trap pollutants near the ground.
This document discusses air pollution and its effects on heart disease. It begins with an introduction on the historical perspective of air pollution studies. It then describes the major types of air pollutants including particulate matter such as PM2.5 and PM10, as well as gaseous pollutants like nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone and volatile organic compounds. Specific sources of outdoor pollution from diesel, petrol and CNG exhaust are examined. Indoor sources such as cigarette smoke are also discussed. The document reviews the pathophysiological effects of pollution exposure and evidence from clinical studies linking pollution to cardiovascular disease.
Environmental health Effect and Air Pollution from cigarette smokers in Cross...IOSR Journals
The document examines the environmental health effects and air pollution from cigarette smokers in Cross River State, Nigeria. It analyzes data collected through questionnaires distributed to over 87,000 men across the state's 18 local government areas. The results show high levels of smoking, with the average number of cigarettes consumed per person per day ranging from 12 to 30. Over 900 patients were found to have smoking-related diseases like lung cancer, heart attacks, and respiratory illnesses. The study concludes that air pollution from cigarette smoking is a major contributor to health issues in Cross River State.
This study estimates the public health impacts of air pollution in Austria, France, and Switzerland. Key findings include:
1) Air pollution caused over 40,000 attributable deaths per year, accounting for 6% of total mortality.
2) About half of mortality due to air pollution was from motor vehicle traffic, which also contributed to over 25,000 new chronic bronchitis cases and over 16 million days of restricted activity.
3) Motor vehicle traffic was associated with over 290,000 child bronchitis episodes and over 0.5 million asthma attacks annually.
Environmental health Effect and Air Pollution from cigarette smokers in Cross...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a study assessing air pollution and environmental health effects from cigarette smokers in Cross River State, Nigeria. The study distributed questionnaires to over 87,000 men across the state's 18 local government areas, finding that the number of smokers ranged from around 4,000 to over 6,000 per area. The average number of cigarettes consumed per day varied significantly between areas but was generally between 12-30 cigarettes. The study also interviewed patients and found high numbers of people suffering from diseases linked to smoking like lung cancer, heart attacks, and strokes. In conclusion, the data collected suggests that cigarette smoking is a major contributor to air pollution and negative health effects in Cross River State.
Air Pollution and Cardiovascular health.pptxAatish Rengan
This document discusses the impact of air pollution on cardiovascular health. It finds that:
- Air pollution is responsible for 9 million deaths worldwide annually, with 61.9% due to cardiovascular disease.
- Both short-term and long-term exposure to PM2.5 is linked to cardiovascular disorders like ischemic heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and heart failure.
- The mechanisms include autonomic dysfunction, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation, inflammation, and metabolic reprogramming. Reducing air pollution could significantly improve cardiovascular outcomes globally.
FACTORS RELATED TO COHb CONTENT TOWARD PARKING OFFICER OF PLAZA X SURABAYAirjes
The aim of thisresearchwas to study the effect of riskfactorsincludesage,gender, workinglives, body position whileworking, smoking habit, blood type, nutrientstatus, level of Hb, to COHblevelsblood in parking officersat X Plaza Surabaya. This researchwas an analyticobservationalstudywhichconducted cross sectional, using simple randomsamplingtechnique. The sample for thisresearchused 30 people.Themeasurement of carbonmonoxide air concentration at parking plaza x conducted on three-point surroundingofficerswork area. COHbcorrelationwithage, workingperiod, Hb, were analyzed usedPearsoncorrelation.The correlationbetweengender, smoking habit and body position whileworking to blood COHBlevelused T sampleanalyzed. The correlationbetweenblood types and bloodCOHblevelwasanalyzedbyanalysis of variance / ANOVA.The Spearman test was used to analyzed thenutritionalstatus. The resultshowedthathighestcarbonmonoxidelevelsfound in motorcyclewhich 16.1 ppm. Ambient air quality standard based on PP No. 41 of 1999 is 10 ppm, if wecomparedwith the resultweconcludethatlevels of CO at parking motor has exceeded the threshold. Based on thisresearch, advised to provide more local exhaust or air conditioning system aroundworking places of parking officers to reduce CO levelwhichproduced by vehicle. Also, weoffer to management handling the parking officers to givevitamin C and vitamin E as antioxidantthatreducetoxic in their body and to give check up facility for health condition regularly
Health Effects and Burden of Air Pollution: in Global and Nepal's PerspectiveYadav Joshi
Air pollution is a serious public health issue in Nepal where a total of 33,000 deaths annually occur due to air pollution. The indoor, outdoor and transboundary forms of air pollution are major causes of a burden to public health. In Kathmandu valley, PAHCs are major threats mostly in children. Due to lack of available health and AAQ related database, it is difficult to establish the relationships on adverse health effects of air pollution in Nepal
The government must provide opportunities to environmental health researchers and academicians in research. South Asian countries must integrate to solve the air pollution-related health issues. As an environmental epidemiologist, I am eagerly looking forward to joining the researchers who are working in this area.
Related links:
http://kutniti.com/index.php/2015/09/20/air-pollution-a-migraine-for-south-asia/
http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2018-01-25/nepals-air-quality-is-worst-in-the-world-epi-report.html
https://danwatch.dk/en/undersoegelse/massive-pollution-at-carlsberg-brewery-in-nepal/
http://janatapostdaily.com/news-details/1046/2018-02-07
http://kutniti.com/index.php/2015/07/08/adverse-health-consequences-of-climate-change-south-asian-perspective/
L’aria è elemento essenziale per la vita dell’uomo.La “mission” di questo blog è quello di soddisfare le esigenze di ricerca e di conoscenza delle tecnologie che possono permettere alle persone di respirare ogni giorno un’aria più pulita e sana, migliorando la qualità e la durata della loro vita.
The document is a seminar presentation on the dangers of inhaling generator fume given by Christopher Unyime Ebong. It discusses factors that affect the composition of generator fume, the health effects of exposure, and ways to minimize exposure. Specifically, it notes that generator fume contains carbon monoxide and particles that can cause respiratory illness. It recommends maintaining generators properly, using ventilation, and limiting exposure time to reduce health risks from inhaling generator fume.
The health implications associated with short- and long-term exposure to particulate matter measuring less than 2.5 microns (PM 2.5) continues to raise concern. Certain health effects, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have long been associated with PM 2.5 exposure. Research into the association between respiratory conditions and PM 2.5 have been the basis for air quality regulations; however, recent literature suggests that PM 2.5 exposure may lead to far more adverse health effects such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and low birth weight. Additionally, it now appears that PM 2.5 may follow a non-threshold linear dose-response model, meaning there may be no safe level of PM 2.5. If this is the case, even stricter regulations will follow, putting more pressure on industry to lower the output of PM 2.5. It will also pave the way for unlimited litigation for personal harm and liability. As research involving PM 2.5 exposure and human health continues, businesses must be prepared for the coming onslaught of law suits and ever-increasing demands to remain in compliance with stricter regulations.
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
Low toxicity dusts: new concerns for old stuff. Retired
This document discusses the health risks posed by exposure to low toxicity dusts and argues that current exposure limits are not sufficiently protective of worker health. It notes that even relatively low exposures to dusts can harm the lung and that the surface area of dust particles, rather than just the concentration, is an important factor influencing health effects. The document recommends reducing workplace dust exposures as far below current limits as feasible and suggests aiming to keep respirable dust levels below 1 mg/m3.
Fuel emissions correlation assessment of indoor pollutants from different hou...IAEME Publication
This study measured indoor air pollutant levels in households using different fuels for cooking in Mysore, India. Higher levels of particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide were found during cooking compared to WHO guidelines. Biomass fuel households had the highest pollutant levels, especially for particulate matter and respirable particulate matter. Coal fuel households also showed high levels of nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide during cooking. Statistical analysis found many of the pollutants were strongly correlated with each other and with type of fuel, indicating fuel use impacts indoor air quality.
Fuel emissions correlation assessment of indoor pollutants from different hou...IAEME Publication
Air is rendered impure for respiration of man due to combustion of coal, gas, oil, traffic and manufacturing processes that give off dust, fumes, vapors and gases. The common indoor air pollutants are CO, NOX, SOX and particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0). The present work is on exposure assessment of indoor air pollutants in different households for five different fuels i.e., Kerosene, Biomass, LPG, Cow dung cakes and Coal. Sampling stations were considered in and around Mysore city. Indoor concentration of NO2, SO2, SPM, RSPM and CO for all the fuels were monitored using Handy sampler, personal sampler and Gastec precision gas detection system respectively. Sampling before, during and after cooking was carried out for 2 hours. Higher NO2 indoor concentrations during cooking were found to be 223.45µg/m3 in households where coal is used as fuel, while min concentration of 158.34 µg/m3 was found to be in LPG households using LPG. SO2 was found to be as high as 167.34µg/m3 in coal used households while low concentration was observed in LPG using households. SPM and RSPM were found to be high in biomass households (1438.5.µg/m3 and 1484.89µg/m3). High CO concentration of 30ppm was found during cooking period in coal used households. Pearson’s correlation values for most of the parameters were found to be significant at 0.01 level. It was concluded that indoor air pollutants CO and RSPM are very closely correlated in most fuels, and have the impact on human health
FUEL EMISSIONS’ CORRELATION ASSESSMENT OF INDOOR POLLUTANTS FROM DIFFERENT HO...IAEME Publication
Air is rendered impure for respiration of man due to combustion of coal, gas, oil, traffic and manufacturing processes that give off dust, fumes, vapors and gases. The common indoor air pollutants are CO, NO X , SO X and particulate matter (PM 10, PM 2.5 and PM 1.0 ). The present work is on exposure assessment of indoor air pollutants in different households for five different fuels i.e., Kerosene, Biomass, LPG, Cow dung cakes and Coal. Sampling stations were considered in and around Mysore city. Indoor concentration of NO 2 , SO 2 , SPM, RSPM and CO for all the fuels were monitored using Handy sampler, personal sampler and Gastec precision gas detection system respectively. Sampling before, during and after coo king was carried out for 2 hours. Higher NO 2 indoor concentrations during cooking were found to be 223.45μ g/m 3 in households where coal is used as fuel, while min concentration of 158.34 μ g/ m 3 was found to be in LPG households using LPG. SO 2 was found to be as high as 167.34μ g/m 3 in coal used households while low concentration was observed in LPG using households. SPM and RSPM were found to be high in biomass households (1438.5.μ g/m 3 and 1484.89μ g/m 3 ). High CO concentration of 30ppm was found during cooking period in coal used households. Pearson’s correlation values for most of the parameters were found to be significant at 0.01 level. It was concluded that indoor air pollutants CO and RSPM are very closely correlated in most fuels, and have the impact on human health
Air pollution is associated with adverse health outcomes like respiratory diseases. Rapid urbanization and increased energy consumption have exposed humans to more pollutants. Air pollution exacerbates asthma and causes inflammation in the lungs. It is a major risk factor for lung cancer. Common air pollutants like PM2.5 and diesel exhaust particles can lead to oxidative stress, cell damage, and IgE production in the lungs. Strict policies are needed to control vehicle emissions and industrial pollution to reduce the health impacts of air pollution.
Gordon McFiggans and Roy Harrison - E-Cigarette Summit 2014Neil Mclaren
1. Researchers conducted chamber studies to measure the particles produced from e-cigarettes. They found that e-cigarette particles were smaller in size and lower in mass concentration compared to traditional cigarettes.
2. While e-cigarette particle mass concentrations were much lower than cigarettes and urban environments, the number of particles could approach or exceed urban levels if multiple users vaped in an enclosed space.
3. More research is still needed, but preliminary results suggest passive vaping may pose an exposure risk without ventilation. Overall health risks are likely smaller than from traditional cigarettes but warrant further study of nanoparticle exposures.
This document discusses air pollution. Some key points:
1. It identifies various sources of air pollution including stationary sources like power plants, mobile sources like vehicles, and natural sources like wildfires.
2. It describes the health impacts of different air pollutants like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter which can cause respiratory and cardiovascular issues.
3. It discusses how meteorological factors like wind speed, temperature inversions, and turbulence affect the dispersion of air pollutants. Stable atmospheric conditions tend to trap pollutants near the ground.
This document discusses air pollution and its effects on heart disease. It begins with an introduction on the historical perspective of air pollution studies. It then describes the major types of air pollutants including particulate matter such as PM2.5 and PM10, as well as gaseous pollutants like nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone and volatile organic compounds. Specific sources of outdoor pollution from diesel, petrol and CNG exhaust are examined. Indoor sources such as cigarette smoke are also discussed. The document reviews the pathophysiological effects of pollution exposure and evidence from clinical studies linking pollution to cardiovascular disease.
Environmental health Effect and Air Pollution from cigarette smokers in Cross...IOSR Journals
The document examines the environmental health effects and air pollution from cigarette smokers in Cross River State, Nigeria. It analyzes data collected through questionnaires distributed to over 87,000 men across the state's 18 local government areas. The results show high levels of smoking, with the average number of cigarettes consumed per person per day ranging from 12 to 30. Over 900 patients were found to have smoking-related diseases like lung cancer, heart attacks, and respiratory illnesses. The study concludes that air pollution from cigarette smoking is a major contributor to health issues in Cross River State.
This study estimates the public health impacts of air pollution in Austria, France, and Switzerland. Key findings include:
1) Air pollution caused over 40,000 attributable deaths per year, accounting for 6% of total mortality.
2) About half of mortality due to air pollution was from motor vehicle traffic, which also contributed to over 25,000 new chronic bronchitis cases and over 16 million days of restricted activity.
3) Motor vehicle traffic was associated with over 290,000 child bronchitis episodes and over 0.5 million asthma attacks annually.
Environmental health Effect and Air Pollution from cigarette smokers in Cross...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a study assessing air pollution and environmental health effects from cigarette smokers in Cross River State, Nigeria. The study distributed questionnaires to over 87,000 men across the state's 18 local government areas, finding that the number of smokers ranged from around 4,000 to over 6,000 per area. The average number of cigarettes consumed per day varied significantly between areas but was generally between 12-30 cigarettes. The study also interviewed patients and found high numbers of people suffering from diseases linked to smoking like lung cancer, heart attacks, and strokes. In conclusion, the data collected suggests that cigarette smoking is a major contributor to air pollution and negative health effects in Cross River State.
Air Pollution and Cardiovascular health.pptxAatish Rengan
This document discusses the impact of air pollution on cardiovascular health. It finds that:
- Air pollution is responsible for 9 million deaths worldwide annually, with 61.9% due to cardiovascular disease.
- Both short-term and long-term exposure to PM2.5 is linked to cardiovascular disorders like ischemic heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and heart failure.
- The mechanisms include autonomic dysfunction, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation, inflammation, and metabolic reprogramming. Reducing air pollution could significantly improve cardiovascular outcomes globally.
FACTORS RELATED TO COHb CONTENT TOWARD PARKING OFFICER OF PLAZA X SURABAYAirjes
The aim of thisresearchwas to study the effect of riskfactorsincludesage,gender, workinglives, body position whileworking, smoking habit, blood type, nutrientstatus, level of Hb, to COHblevelsblood in parking officersat X Plaza Surabaya. This researchwas an analyticobservationalstudywhichconducted cross sectional, using simple randomsamplingtechnique. The sample for thisresearchused 30 people.Themeasurement of carbonmonoxide air concentration at parking plaza x conducted on three-point surroundingofficerswork area. COHbcorrelationwithage, workingperiod, Hb, were analyzed usedPearsoncorrelation.The correlationbetweengender, smoking habit and body position whileworking to blood COHBlevelused T sampleanalyzed. The correlationbetweenblood types and bloodCOHblevelwasanalyzedbyanalysis of variance / ANOVA.The Spearman test was used to analyzed thenutritionalstatus. The resultshowedthathighestcarbonmonoxidelevelsfound in motorcyclewhich 16.1 ppm. Ambient air quality standard based on PP No. 41 of 1999 is 10 ppm, if wecomparedwith the resultweconcludethatlevels of CO at parking motor has exceeded the threshold. Based on thisresearch, advised to provide more local exhaust or air conditioning system aroundworking places of parking officers to reduce CO levelwhichproduced by vehicle. Also, weoffer to management handling the parking officers to givevitamin C and vitamin E as antioxidantthatreducetoxic in their body and to give check up facility for health condition regularly
Health Effects and Burden of Air Pollution: in Global and Nepal's PerspectiveYadav Joshi
Air pollution is a serious public health issue in Nepal where a total of 33,000 deaths annually occur due to air pollution. The indoor, outdoor and transboundary forms of air pollution are major causes of a burden to public health. In Kathmandu valley, PAHCs are major threats mostly in children. Due to lack of available health and AAQ related database, it is difficult to establish the relationships on adverse health effects of air pollution in Nepal
The government must provide opportunities to environmental health researchers and academicians in research. South Asian countries must integrate to solve the air pollution-related health issues. As an environmental epidemiologist, I am eagerly looking forward to joining the researchers who are working in this area.
Related links:
http://kutniti.com/index.php/2015/09/20/air-pollution-a-migraine-for-south-asia/
http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2018-01-25/nepals-air-quality-is-worst-in-the-world-epi-report.html
https://danwatch.dk/en/undersoegelse/massive-pollution-at-carlsberg-brewery-in-nepal/
http://janatapostdaily.com/news-details/1046/2018-02-07
http://kutniti.com/index.php/2015/07/08/adverse-health-consequences-of-climate-change-south-asian-perspective/
L’aria è elemento essenziale per la vita dell’uomo.La “mission” di questo blog è quello di soddisfare le esigenze di ricerca e di conoscenza delle tecnologie che possono permettere alle persone di respirare ogni giorno un’aria più pulita e sana, migliorando la qualità e la durata della loro vita.
The document is a seminar presentation on the dangers of inhaling generator fume given by Christopher Unyime Ebong. It discusses factors that affect the composition of generator fume, the health effects of exposure, and ways to minimize exposure. Specifically, it notes that generator fume contains carbon monoxide and particles that can cause respiratory illness. It recommends maintaining generators properly, using ventilation, and limiting exposure time to reduce health risks from inhaling generator fume.
The health implications associated with short- and long-term exposure to particulate matter measuring less than 2.5 microns (PM 2.5) continues to raise concern. Certain health effects, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have long been associated with PM 2.5 exposure. Research into the association between respiratory conditions and PM 2.5 have been the basis for air quality regulations; however, recent literature suggests that PM 2.5 exposure may lead to far more adverse health effects such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and low birth weight. Additionally, it now appears that PM 2.5 may follow a non-threshold linear dose-response model, meaning there may be no safe level of PM 2.5. If this is the case, even stricter regulations will follow, putting more pressure on industry to lower the output of PM 2.5. It will also pave the way for unlimited litigation for personal harm and liability. As research involving PM 2.5 exposure and human health continues, businesses must be prepared for the coming onslaught of law suits and ever-increasing demands to remain in compliance with stricter regulations.
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Copd and pollution
1. BPCO e inquinamento atmosferico
COPD and air pollution
Giovanni Invernizzi
Laboratorio per la Ricerca Ambientale
SIMG Società Italiana di Medicina Generale
giovanni.invernizzi.md@gmail.com
10. Inquinamento e sviluppo dell’apparato respiratorio
Pollution and lung development
Wright RJ, Brunst KJ. Programming of respiratory health in childhood: influence of outdoor
air pollution. Curr Opin Pediatr.2013
Air pollutants may impact anatomy and/or physiological functioning of the lung and interrelated
systems. Programming effects may result from pollutant-induced shifts in a number of molecular,
cellular, and physiological states and their interacting systems. Specific key regulatory systems
susceptible to programming may influence lung development and vulnerability to respiratory
diseases, including both central and peripheral components of neuroendocrine pathways and
autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning which, in turn, influence the immune system.
Starting in utero, environmental factors, including air pollutants, may permanently organize these
systems toward trajectories of enhanced pediatric (e.g., asthma, allergy) as well as adult disease risk
(e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).
Evidence supports a central role of oxidative stress in the toxic effects of air pollution. Additional
research suggests xenobiotic metabolism and subcellular components, such as mitochondria are
targets of ambient air pollution and play a role in asthma and allergy programming.
Mechanisms operating at the level of the placenta are being elucidated.
Epigenetic mechanisms may be at the roots of adaptive developmental programming.
Optimal coordinated functioning of many complex processes and their networks of interaction are
necessary for normal lung development and the maintenance of respiratory health.
Outdoor air pollution may play an important role in early programming of respiratory health and is
Potentially amenable to intervention.
11. L’inquinamento atmosferico è causa di BPCO?
Occorrono studi più approfonditi per una conferma, ma…
Is pollution a definte cause of COPD? More studies are needed. However…
Schikowski T, et al. Ambient air pollution- a cause for COPD? Eur Respir J.2013
The role of ambient air pollution in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) is considered to be uncertain.
We review the evidence in the light of recent studies.Eight morbidity and six mortality
studies were identified. These were heterogeneous in design, characterization of exposure
to air pollution, and methods of outcome definition. Six morbidity studies with objectively
defined COPD (FEV1/FVC ratio) were cross-sectional analyses.
Most studies were based on within communities exposure contrasts which mainly assess
traffic related air pollution. Overall, evidence of chronic effects of air pollution on the
prevalence and incidence of COPD among adults was suggestive but not conclusive despite
plausible biologic mechanisms and good evidence that air pollution affects lung
development in childhood and triggers exacerbations in COPD patients.
To fully integrate this evidence in the assessment, the life-time course of COPD should be
better defined.
Larger studies with longer follow-up periods, specific definitions of COPD phenotypes,
and
more refined and source-specific exposure assessments are needed.
12. …ma è confermato che l’inquinamento atmosferico è fattore
di rischio per di riacutizzazioni e mortalità nella BPCO.
…pollution is a definite cause of COPD exhacerbations.
Gan WQ et. al.
Associations of Ambient Air Pollution with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease Hospitalization and Mortality. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013
BACKGROUND. Ambient air pollution has been suggested as a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD). However, there is a lack of longitudinal studies to support this assertion.
AIMS: To investigate the associations of long-term exposure to elevated traffic-related air pollution and
woodsmoke pollution with the risk of COPD hospitalization and mortality.
METHODS: This population-based cohort study included a 5-year exposure period and a 4-year follow-up period. All
residents aged 45-85 years who resided in Metropolitan Vancouver, Canada, during the exposure period and did not
have known COPD at baseline were included in this study (N = 467,994). Residential exposures to traffic-related air
pollutants (black carbon, particulate matter < 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter, nitrogen dioxide, and nitric oxide) and
woodsmoke were estimated using land-use regression models and integrating changes in residences during the
exposure period. COPD hospitalizations and deaths during the follow-up period were identified from provincial
hospitalization and death registration databases.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: An interquartile range elevation in black carbon concentrations (0.97×10
5/m, equivalent to 0.78 µg/m3 elemental carbon) was associated with a 6% (95% confidence interval, 2-10%) increase
in COPD hospitalizations and a 7% (0-13%) increase inCOPD mortality after adjustment for covariates. Exposure to
higher levels of woodsmoke pollution (tertile 3 versus tertile 1) was associated with a 15% (2-29%) increase
in COPD hospitalizations. There were positive exposure-response trends For these observed associations.
CONCLUSIONS: Ambient air pollution, including traffic-related fine particulate pollution and woodsmoke pollution,
is associated with an increased risk of COPD.
13. L’inquinamento atmosferico è fattore di rischio per di
riacutizzazioni nella BPCO: una conferma italiana.
Pollution is a definite cause of COPD exhacerbations: an Italian confirmation
Eur Respir J. 2013 Jan 11. [Epub ahead of print]
Air pollution and multiple acute respiratory outcomes.
Faustini A et al. on behalf of the EPIAIR collaborative Group Regional Health Service, Lazio Region,
Rome, Italy.
Short-term effects of air pollutants on respiratory mortality and morbidity have been consistently
reported but usually studied separately.To more completely assess air pollution effects, we studied
hospitalisations for respiratory diseases together with out-of hospital respiratory deaths. A "time
stratified" case-crossover study was carried out in six Italian cities from 2001-2005.
Associations between daily particulate matter (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and
hospitalisations for respiratory diseases (n. 100,690), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
(n. 38,577), lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) among COPD patients (n. 9,886) and out-of
hospital respiratory deaths (n 5,490) were estimated for 35+year-old residents.
For 10 μg·m(-3) PM10, we found an immediate 0.59% (lag 0-1) increase in hospitalisations for
respiratory diseases and a 0.67% increase for COPD; the 1.91% increase in LRTI hospitalisations
lasted longer (lag 0-3) and the 3.95% increase in respiratory mortality lasted six days.
Effects of NO2 were stronger and lasted longer (lag 0-5).
Age, gender, and previous ischemic heart disease acted as effect modifiers for different outcomes.
Analysing multiple more than single respiratory events shows stronger air pollution effects.
The temporal relationship between the pollutants' increases and hospitalizations or mortality for
respiratory diseases differs.
14. Groneberg DA, Chung KF
Models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Respiratory Res, 2004, 5:18
15. Groneberg DA, Chung KF
Models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Respiratory Res, 2004, 5:18
16. Come ridurre l’esposizione all’inquinamento
How to reduce exposure
• conoscere le situazioni di rischio espositivo
•stay informed about sources
• evitare il fumo passivo
• avoid second-hand smoke
• in casa at home
• in auto inside car
• all’aperto outdoors
luoghi di svago ad alta frequenza di fumatori (centri storici, stadi)
crowded leisure places (historical centers, stadium)
• informarsi sulla qualità dell’aria outdoor
• dati ARPA (previsioni/tempo reale)
• stay informed on pollution real time data and forecasts (EPA
website)
17. Attenzione: le sigarette producono più PM di
un motore diesel di ultima generazione!
Beware: cigarettes produce much more particles than a diesel
engine!
PM production from ETS (e) and an ecodiesel engine (d)
3
(three smoldering cigarettes or an idling engine for 30' in a 60m garage)
PM1e
700
PM2.5e
600 PM10e
PM 1d
500
Starting smoldering cigarettes PM 2.5d
or idling diesel engine
PM μg/m 3
400 PM 10d
300
200
Background
100
0
2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94 98 102 106 110 114 118 122
Time (min)
Invernizzi G, et al. Tobacco Control , 2004.
18. L’inquinamento da fumo passivo in auto
Smoking pollution inside cars.
Results 2.
Tr anspor t at ions.1
Smoking in the car exposes to huge PM concentrations.
Invernizzi G, Ruprecht A, Boffi R, et al. Real-time measurement of particulate matter produced by environmental
tobacco smoke: a new way to monitor indoor air quality. Am J Crit Care Med 2003; 167: A500
19. L’inquinamento outdoor da fumo passivo
Outdoor second-hand smoke pollution
High traffic road
Car-free road
20. Results
• A total of 1396 smokers were counted in
Fiorichiari street during the “Promenade time”
(20.00 p.m. - 02.00 a.m.)
• A total of 2513 cars crossed Pontaccio Street in
the same time-window
21. Durante le ore di maggior afflusso di visitatori la qualità dell’aria
è molto peggiore nella zona pedonale rispetto all’adiacente via molto trafficata
During the promenade hours air quality is worse in car-free zone due to SHS
PM1 Comparison between Fiorichiari (car free) and Pontaccio Street
(open to car traffic) on Saturday night Fiorichiari St. Pontaccio St.
4,0
FIORICHIARI PM1 CROSSOVER
PONTACCIO'S
3,5
3,0
micrograms per m3
2,5
2,0
1,5
1,0
0,5
0,0
12.01
14.01
16.01
18.02
20.02
22.02
13.01
15.01
17.01
19.02
21.02
23.02
0.03
1.03
2.03
3.03
4.03
5.03
6.03
7.04
8.04
9.04
10.04
11.04
time 10 hours
Mean excess PM1
1.1 mcg/m3
22. La qualità dell’aria allo stadio di San Siro peggiorava notevolmente durante gli eventi sportivi rispetto
all’esterno a causa del fumo passivo (80.000 circa le sigarette fumate durante Inter-Lazio 2011).
Air quality worsened inside the San Siro stadium due to the 80.000 sigarettes smoked during the Inter vs
Lazio match, srping2011.
23. L’inquinamento da fumo nello stadio di San Siro:
le concentrazioni di nicotina ambientale dentro e fuori lo stadio.
Airborn nicotine concentration in- and outside the stadium.
4 .0 C o m p a r is o n N ic o t in e in s id e /o u ts id e
3 .4 3 N ic o tin e in s id e th e S ta d iu m N ic o tin e o u ts id e th e S ta d iu m
3 .5
3 .0 2 .8 8
m ic r o g r a m s p e r m 3
2 .5
2 .0
1 .5 1 .3 2
1 .0
0 .5 1
0 .5
0 .1 8 0 .1 6
0 .0 8 0 .0 7
0 .0
H o u r b e fo re g a m e I° tim e II° tim e H o u r a fte r g a m e
24. L’inquinamento da fumo nello stadio di San Siro:
le concentrazioni di nicotina ambientale dentro e fuori lo stadio.
Airborn nicotine concentration in- and outside the stadium.
C O N F R O N T O N IC O T IN A IN T E R N O /E S T E R N O
4 .0
3 .4 3 N ic o tin a In te r n o N ic o tin a e s te r n o
3 .5
2 .8 8
3 .0
m ic r o g r a m m i p e r m 3
2 .5
2 .0
1 .3 2
1 .5
1 .0
0 .5 1
0 .5 0 .1 8 0 .1 6
0 .0 8 0 .0 7
0 .0
n e ll'o r a p r im a d e lla p a r t it a I° te m p o II° te m p o n e ll'o r a d o p o la p a r t it a
25. L’inquinamento da fumo nello stadio di: le concentrazioni di PM2.5.
PM2.5 concentrations in- and outside the stadium
26.
27. Come ridurre l’inquinamento outdoor.
How to mitigate outdoor pollution
Gli interventi di limitazione del traffico:
l’esperienza di Milano (Ecopass, Area C).
The Milan LEZ (low emission zone)
28. Area C monitoring campaign, July 2010.
Fixed monitoring stations: 1-7.
29. Dane Westerdahl and Giovanni Invernizzi at the black carbon monitoring site
in Duomo Square pedestrian zone, Milan, Italy, July 2010.
22
30. 30
% BC in PM10 in the different zones
Pedestrian zone Ecopass zone No restrictions zone
25
25.3
24.7
22.6
20
% BC in PM10
17.7
15
13.2
12.6
11.8
10
9.8 9.6
8.5
7.8 7.9
5
0
I° test II° test III° test Mean of the three tests
Percentuali di BC / PM10 nelle zone a diversa viabilità nelle tre giornate di monitoraggio,
e media delle tre giornate.
La riduzione della % di BC nel PM10 in Aera C è stata del 47%,in zona Duomo del 62%.
Black carbon reduction inside the LEZ was 47%, in the car-free zone was 62%.
31. AIR quality index: a reference to understand exposure risk.
EPA's Air Quality Index (AQI) for
Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM 2.5) and Ozone (8-Hr)
32. Credits
ARIO RUPRECHT
Laboratorio di Ricerca Ambientale SIMG, Milano
DANE WESTERDAHL
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
COSTANTINOS SIOUTAS
University of Southern California, LA
NINO KUENZLI
Basel Institute for Social Preventive Medicine