Enabling and controlling elasticity of cloud comput-
ing applications is a challenging issue. Elasticity programming directives have been introduced to
delegate elasticity control to infrastructures and to
separate elasticity control from application logic. Since
coordination models provide a general approach to manage interaction and elasticity control entails interactions among cloud infrastructure components, we present a coordination-based approach to elasticity control, supporting delegation and separation of concerns at design and run-time, paving the way towards coordination-aware elasticity.
Event-Based vs. Multi-Agent Systems: Towards a Unified Conceptual Framework. ...Andrea Omicini
Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) and Event-Based Systems (EBS) are two fundamental paradigms for the engineering of complex software systems. In this talk, we summarise the most important features of the MAS and EBS, and discuss how they could be integrated within a unified conceptual framework. The resulting framework could work as the foundation of a principled discipline for the engineering of complex software systems, by promoting a coherent integration of agent-based and event-based abstractions, languages, technologies, and methods.
Presentation given at UCC 2014
Paper available at http://www.infosys.tuwien.ac.at/research/viecom/papers/MultiCloud_UCC.pdf
Controlling elasticity of complex cloud applications (e.g., IoT applications) requires understanding both (1) a variety of application components, software artifacts and structures, and (2) various control mechanisms exposed by providers.
Moreover, for controlling elasticity of such applications we need to consider relationships among various application components deployed in different cloud environments (e.g., mini-clouds vs. public clouds), and to be able to control multiple virtual resources from different cloud environments (i.e., heterogeneous clouds) simultaneously.
On Analyzing Elasticity Relationships of Cloud ServicesDaniel Moldovan
Presentation given in 6'th International Conference on Cloud Computing, CloudCom, IEEE, Singapore, 15-18 December, 2014
With the increasing cloud popularity, substantial effort has been paid for the development of emerging elastic cloud services, consisting of different units distributed among virtual machines/containers in different clouds. Due to the software stack and deployment complexity in single and multi-cloud scenarios, developing and managing such services is impeded by a lack of tools and techniques for understanding the elasticity relationships among individual service units, which influence the service's overall elasticity. In this paper we characterize the elasticity relationships, and develop mechanisms for analyzing them, based on service monitoring information and elasticity requirements. From collected monitoring information we abstract the elasticity behavior of the whole cloud service and individual units, over which we design a customizable algorithm for relationships analysis. We illustrate our approach via several experiments with an elastic data service for M2M platforms, highlighting the importance of determining elasticity relationships for the development and operation of elastic services.
ADVISE - a Framework for Evaluating Cloud Service Elasticity Behavior - Best...Georgiana Copil
Presentation given at ICSOC 2014, describing ADVISE framework for estimating elasticity behavior, in time, for different cloud service parts.
BEST PAPER AWARD - http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-45391-9_19
ADVISE webpage: http://tuwiendsg.github.io/ADVISE/
Multi-level Elasticity Control of Cloud Services -- ICSOC 2013Georgiana Copil
Presentation given at ICSOC 2013
Abstract: Fine-grained elasticity control of cloud services has to deal with multiple elasticity perspectives (quality, cost, and resources). We propose a cloud services elasticity control mechanism that considers the service structure for controlling the cloud service elasticity at multiple levels, by firstly defining an abstract composition model for cloud services and enabling multi-level elasticity control. Secondly, we define mechanisms for solving conflicting elasticity requirements and generating action plans for elasticity control. Using the defined concepts and mechanisms we develop a runtime system supporting multiple levels of elasticity control and validate the resulted prototype through experiments.
Event-Based vs. Multi-Agent Systems: Towards a Unified Conceptual Framework. ...Andrea Omicini
Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) and Event-Based Systems (EBS) are two fundamental paradigms for the engineering of complex software systems. In this talk, we summarise the most important features of the MAS and EBS, and discuss how they could be integrated within a unified conceptual framework. The resulting framework could work as the foundation of a principled discipline for the engineering of complex software systems, by promoting a coherent integration of agent-based and event-based abstractions, languages, technologies, and methods.
Presentation given at UCC 2014
Paper available at http://www.infosys.tuwien.ac.at/research/viecom/papers/MultiCloud_UCC.pdf
Controlling elasticity of complex cloud applications (e.g., IoT applications) requires understanding both (1) a variety of application components, software artifacts and structures, and (2) various control mechanisms exposed by providers.
Moreover, for controlling elasticity of such applications we need to consider relationships among various application components deployed in different cloud environments (e.g., mini-clouds vs. public clouds), and to be able to control multiple virtual resources from different cloud environments (i.e., heterogeneous clouds) simultaneously.
On Analyzing Elasticity Relationships of Cloud ServicesDaniel Moldovan
Presentation given in 6'th International Conference on Cloud Computing, CloudCom, IEEE, Singapore, 15-18 December, 2014
With the increasing cloud popularity, substantial effort has been paid for the development of emerging elastic cloud services, consisting of different units distributed among virtual machines/containers in different clouds. Due to the software stack and deployment complexity in single and multi-cloud scenarios, developing and managing such services is impeded by a lack of tools and techniques for understanding the elasticity relationships among individual service units, which influence the service's overall elasticity. In this paper we characterize the elasticity relationships, and develop mechanisms for analyzing them, based on service monitoring information and elasticity requirements. From collected monitoring information we abstract the elasticity behavior of the whole cloud service and individual units, over which we design a customizable algorithm for relationships analysis. We illustrate our approach via several experiments with an elastic data service for M2M platforms, highlighting the importance of determining elasticity relationships for the development and operation of elastic services.
ADVISE - a Framework for Evaluating Cloud Service Elasticity Behavior - Best...Georgiana Copil
Presentation given at ICSOC 2014, describing ADVISE framework for estimating elasticity behavior, in time, for different cloud service parts.
BEST PAPER AWARD - http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-45391-9_19
ADVISE webpage: http://tuwiendsg.github.io/ADVISE/
Multi-level Elasticity Control of Cloud Services -- ICSOC 2013Georgiana Copil
Presentation given at ICSOC 2013
Abstract: Fine-grained elasticity control of cloud services has to deal with multiple elasticity perspectives (quality, cost, and resources). We propose a cloud services elasticity control mechanism that considers the service structure for controlling the cloud service elasticity at multiple levels, by firstly defining an abstract composition model for cloud services and enabling multi-level elasticity control. Secondly, we define mechanisms for solving conflicting elasticity requirements and generating action plans for elasticity control. Using the defined concepts and mechanisms we develop a runtime system supporting multiple levels of elasticity control and validate the resulted prototype through experiments.
Presentation held 17 September 2015 at IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, NY
Hybrid Collective Adaptive Systems (hCAS) is a new generation of socio-technical systems where both humans and machine peers complement each other and operate jointly on complex collaborative processes (e.g., collaborative question answering, ride-sharing, collaborative software development).
This presupposes deploying ad-hoc assembled teams of human and machine services that actively collaborate and communicate among each other, exchanging different artifacts and jointly processing them. hCAS are characterized by the fundamental properties of hybridity and collectiveness, hiding from users the complexities associated with managing the collaboration and coordination of hybrid human/machine teams.
In this talk, I discuss major challenges in designing such systems (e.g., team formation, adaptability, execution orchestration) and how these can be alleviated by delegating the responsibility and the know-how needed for these duties to the participating human peers, while influencing them through appropriate programming abstractions (directly) and incentive mechanisms (indirectly). I will present the design of the hCAS named SmartSociety platform, and the programming abstractions and incentive modeling language we developed for it.
Emerging Dynamic TUW-ASE Summer 2015 - Distributed Systems and Challenges for...Hong-Linh Truong
This is a lecture from the advanced service engineering course from the Vienna University of Technology. See http://dsg.tuwien.ac.at/teaching/courses/ase/
Context-aware Programming for Hybrid and Diversity-aware Collective Adaptive ...Hong-Linh Truong
Collective adaptive systems (CASs) have been researched intensively since many years. However, the recent emerging developments and advanced models in service-oriented computing, cloud computing and human computation have fostered several new forms of CASs. Among them, Hybrid and Diversity-aware CASs (HDA-CASs) characterize new types of CASs in which a collective is composed of hybrid machines and humans that collaborate together with different complementary roles. This emerging HDA-CAS poses several research chal
lenges in terms of programming, management and provisioning. In this paper, we investigate the main issues in programming HDA-CASs. First, we analyze context characterizing HDA-CASs. Second, we propose to use the concept of hybrid compute units to implement HDA-CASs that can be elastic. We call this type of HDA-CASs h2 CAS (Hybrid Compute Unit-based HDA-CAS). We then discuss a meta-view of h2CAS that describes a h 2 CAS program. We analyze and present program features for h2CAS in four main different contexts.
EOE-DRTSA: end-to-end distributed real-time system scheduling algorithmDr Amira Bibo
In this paper, scheduling dependent threads in distributed real-time
system where considered. We present a distributed real-time
scheduling algorithm called (EOE-DRTSA (end-to-end distributed
real time system Scheduling algorithm)). Now a day completed realtime
systems are distributed. One of least developed areas of realtime
scheduling is distributed scheduling where in Distributed
systems action and information timeliness is often end-to-end.
Designers and users of distributed systems often need to dependably
reason about end-to-end timeliness. Our scheduling model includes
threads and their time constraints depend on developed DTUF value
and maintaining end-to-end prosperities of distributed real-time
system.
Model-driven adaptation of service choreographies [SAC 2018]Claudio Pompilio
Slides of my presentation at the 33rd ACM/SIGAPP Symposium On Applied Computing (SAC 2018)
The full paper is available here: https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=3167132.3167287
Orleans: Cloud Computing for Everyone - SOCC 2011Jorgen Thelin
Orleans is a software framework for building reliable, scalable, and elastic cloud applications. Its programming model encourages the use of simple concurrency patterns that are easy to understand and employ correctly. It is based on distributed actor-like components called grains, which are isolated units of state and computation that communicate through asynchronous messages. Within a grain, promises are the mechanism for managing both asynchronous messages and local task-based concurrency. Isolated state and a constrained execution model allow Orleans to persist, migrate, replicate, and reconcile grain state. In addition, Orleans provides lightweight transactions that support a consistent view of state and provide a foundation for automatic error handling and failure recovery.
We implemented several applications in Orleans, varying from a messaging-intensive social networking application to a data- and compute-intensive linear algebra computation. The programming model is a general one, as Orleans allows the communications to evolve dynamically at runtime. Orleans enables a developer to concentrate on application logic, while the Orleans runtime provides scalability, availability, and reliability.
WiSANCloud: a set of UML-based specifications for the integration of Wireless...Priscill Orue Esquivel
Giving the current trend to combine the advantages of Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (WSANs) with the Cloud Computing technology, this work proposes a set of specifications, based on the Unified Modeling Language - UML, in order to provide the general framework for the design of the integration of said components. One of the keys of the integration is the architecture of the WSAN, due to its structural relationship with the Cloud in the definition of the combination. Regarding the standard applied in the integration, UML and its subset, Systems Modeling Language - SysML , are proposed by the Object Management Group - OMG to deal with cloud applications; so, this indicates the starting point of the process of the design of specifications for WSAN-Cloud Integration. Based on the current state of UML tools for analysis and design, there are several aspects to take into account in order to define the integration process.
Timeline: An Operating System Abstraction for Time-Aware Applicationsbane5isp
The authors advocate the adoption of a holistic notion of Quality of Time (QoT) that captures metrics such as resolution, accuracy, and stability. Building on this notion they propose an architecture in which the local perception of time is a controllable operating system primitive with observable uncertainty, and where time synchronization balances applications' timing demands with system resources such as energy and bandwidth.
Support for Goal Oriented Requirements Engineering in Elastic Cloud Applicationszillesubhan
Businesses have already started to exploit potential uses of cloud computing as a new paradigm for promoting their services. Although the general concepts they practically focus on are: viability, survivability, adaptability, etc., however, on the ground, there is still a lack for forming mechanisms to sustain viability with adaptation of new requirements in cloud-based applications. This has inspired a pressing need to adopt new methodologies and abstract models which support system acquisition for self-adaptation, thus guaranteeing autonomic cloud application behavior. This paper relies over state-of-the-art Neptune framework as runtime adaptive software development environment supported with intention-oriented modeling language in the representation and adaptation of goal based model artifacts and their intrinsic properties requirements. Such an approach will in turn support distributed service based applications virtually over the cloud to sustain a self-adaptive behavior with respect to its functional and non-functional characteristics.
F. Petroni and L. Querzoni:
"HSIENA: a hybrid publish/subscribe system."
In: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Dependable and Secure Computing for Large-scale Complex Critical Infrastructures (DESEC-LCCI), 2012.
Abstract: "The SIENA publish/subscribe system represents a prototypical design for a distributed event notification service implementing the content-based publish/subscribe communication paradigm. A clear shortcoming of SIENA is represented by its static configuration that must be managed and updated by human administrators every time one of its internal processes (brokers) needs to be added or repaired
(e.g. due to a crash failure). This problem limits the applicability of SIENA in large complex critical infrastructures where self-adaptation and -configuration are crucial requirements. In this paper we propose HSIENA, a hybrid architecture that complements SIENA by adding the ability to self-reconfigure after broker additions and removals. The architecture has a novel design that mixes the classic SIENA’s distributed architecture with a highly available cloud-based storage service."
Cost-aware scalability of applications in public clouds Daniel Moldovan
Presentation given in International Conference on Cloud Engineering (IC2E), IEEE, Berlin, Germany, 4-8 April, 2016.
Paper accessible on my website http://www.infosys.tuwien.ac.at/staff/dmoldovan/
Scalable applications deployed in public clouds can be built from a combination of custom software components and public cloud services. To meet performance and/or cost requirements, such applications can scale-out/in their components during run-time. When higher performance is required, new component instances can be deployed on newly allocated cloud services (e.g., virtual machines). When the instances are no longer needed, their services can be deallocated to decrease cost. However, public cloud services are usually billed over predefined time and/or usage intervals, e.g., per hour, per GB of I/O. Thus, it might not be cost efficient to scale-in public cloud applications at any moment in time, without considering their billing cycles.
In this work we aid developers of scalable applications for public clouds to monitor their costs, and develop cost-aware scalability controllers. We introduce a model for capturing the pricing schemes of cloud services. Based on the model we determine and evaluate the application's costs depending on its used cloud services and their billing cycles. We further evaluate cost efficiency of cloud applications, analyzing which application component is cost efficient to deallocate and when. We integrate our approach in a platform for cost-aware scalability of applications running in public clouds. We evaluate our approach on a scalable platform for IoT, deployed in Flexiant, one of the leading European public cloud providers. We show that cost-aware scalability can achieve higher application stability and performance, while reducing its operation costs.
Presentation held 17 September 2015 at IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, NY
Hybrid Collective Adaptive Systems (hCAS) is a new generation of socio-technical systems where both humans and machine peers complement each other and operate jointly on complex collaborative processes (e.g., collaborative question answering, ride-sharing, collaborative software development).
This presupposes deploying ad-hoc assembled teams of human and machine services that actively collaborate and communicate among each other, exchanging different artifacts and jointly processing them. hCAS are characterized by the fundamental properties of hybridity and collectiveness, hiding from users the complexities associated with managing the collaboration and coordination of hybrid human/machine teams.
In this talk, I discuss major challenges in designing such systems (e.g., team formation, adaptability, execution orchestration) and how these can be alleviated by delegating the responsibility and the know-how needed for these duties to the participating human peers, while influencing them through appropriate programming abstractions (directly) and incentive mechanisms (indirectly). I will present the design of the hCAS named SmartSociety platform, and the programming abstractions and incentive modeling language we developed for it.
Emerging Dynamic TUW-ASE Summer 2015 - Distributed Systems and Challenges for...Hong-Linh Truong
This is a lecture from the advanced service engineering course from the Vienna University of Technology. See http://dsg.tuwien.ac.at/teaching/courses/ase/
Context-aware Programming for Hybrid and Diversity-aware Collective Adaptive ...Hong-Linh Truong
Collective adaptive systems (CASs) have been researched intensively since many years. However, the recent emerging developments and advanced models in service-oriented computing, cloud computing and human computation have fostered several new forms of CASs. Among them, Hybrid and Diversity-aware CASs (HDA-CASs) characterize new types of CASs in which a collective is composed of hybrid machines and humans that collaborate together with different complementary roles. This emerging HDA-CAS poses several research chal
lenges in terms of programming, management and provisioning. In this paper, we investigate the main issues in programming HDA-CASs. First, we analyze context characterizing HDA-CASs. Second, we propose to use the concept of hybrid compute units to implement HDA-CASs that can be elastic. We call this type of HDA-CASs h2 CAS (Hybrid Compute Unit-based HDA-CAS). We then discuss a meta-view of h2CAS that describes a h 2 CAS program. We analyze and present program features for h2CAS in four main different contexts.
EOE-DRTSA: end-to-end distributed real-time system scheduling algorithmDr Amira Bibo
In this paper, scheduling dependent threads in distributed real-time
system where considered. We present a distributed real-time
scheduling algorithm called (EOE-DRTSA (end-to-end distributed
real time system Scheduling algorithm)). Now a day completed realtime
systems are distributed. One of least developed areas of realtime
scheduling is distributed scheduling where in Distributed
systems action and information timeliness is often end-to-end.
Designers and users of distributed systems often need to dependably
reason about end-to-end timeliness. Our scheduling model includes
threads and their time constraints depend on developed DTUF value
and maintaining end-to-end prosperities of distributed real-time
system.
Model-driven adaptation of service choreographies [SAC 2018]Claudio Pompilio
Slides of my presentation at the 33rd ACM/SIGAPP Symposium On Applied Computing (SAC 2018)
The full paper is available here: https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=3167132.3167287
Orleans: Cloud Computing for Everyone - SOCC 2011Jorgen Thelin
Orleans is a software framework for building reliable, scalable, and elastic cloud applications. Its programming model encourages the use of simple concurrency patterns that are easy to understand and employ correctly. It is based on distributed actor-like components called grains, which are isolated units of state and computation that communicate through asynchronous messages. Within a grain, promises are the mechanism for managing both asynchronous messages and local task-based concurrency. Isolated state and a constrained execution model allow Orleans to persist, migrate, replicate, and reconcile grain state. In addition, Orleans provides lightweight transactions that support a consistent view of state and provide a foundation for automatic error handling and failure recovery.
We implemented several applications in Orleans, varying from a messaging-intensive social networking application to a data- and compute-intensive linear algebra computation. The programming model is a general one, as Orleans allows the communications to evolve dynamically at runtime. Orleans enables a developer to concentrate on application logic, while the Orleans runtime provides scalability, availability, and reliability.
WiSANCloud: a set of UML-based specifications for the integration of Wireless...Priscill Orue Esquivel
Giving the current trend to combine the advantages of Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (WSANs) with the Cloud Computing technology, this work proposes a set of specifications, based on the Unified Modeling Language - UML, in order to provide the general framework for the design of the integration of said components. One of the keys of the integration is the architecture of the WSAN, due to its structural relationship with the Cloud in the definition of the combination. Regarding the standard applied in the integration, UML and its subset, Systems Modeling Language - SysML , are proposed by the Object Management Group - OMG to deal with cloud applications; so, this indicates the starting point of the process of the design of specifications for WSAN-Cloud Integration. Based on the current state of UML tools for analysis and design, there are several aspects to take into account in order to define the integration process.
Timeline: An Operating System Abstraction for Time-Aware Applicationsbane5isp
The authors advocate the adoption of a holistic notion of Quality of Time (QoT) that captures metrics such as resolution, accuracy, and stability. Building on this notion they propose an architecture in which the local perception of time is a controllable operating system primitive with observable uncertainty, and where time synchronization balances applications' timing demands with system resources such as energy and bandwidth.
Support for Goal Oriented Requirements Engineering in Elastic Cloud Applicationszillesubhan
Businesses have already started to exploit potential uses of cloud computing as a new paradigm for promoting their services. Although the general concepts they practically focus on are: viability, survivability, adaptability, etc., however, on the ground, there is still a lack for forming mechanisms to sustain viability with adaptation of new requirements in cloud-based applications. This has inspired a pressing need to adopt new methodologies and abstract models which support system acquisition for self-adaptation, thus guaranteeing autonomic cloud application behavior. This paper relies over state-of-the-art Neptune framework as runtime adaptive software development environment supported with intention-oriented modeling language in the representation and adaptation of goal based model artifacts and their intrinsic properties requirements. Such an approach will in turn support distributed service based applications virtually over the cloud to sustain a self-adaptive behavior with respect to its functional and non-functional characteristics.
F. Petroni and L. Querzoni:
"HSIENA: a hybrid publish/subscribe system."
In: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Dependable and Secure Computing for Large-scale Complex Critical Infrastructures (DESEC-LCCI), 2012.
Abstract: "The SIENA publish/subscribe system represents a prototypical design for a distributed event notification service implementing the content-based publish/subscribe communication paradigm. A clear shortcoming of SIENA is represented by its static configuration that must be managed and updated by human administrators every time one of its internal processes (brokers) needs to be added or repaired
(e.g. due to a crash failure). This problem limits the applicability of SIENA in large complex critical infrastructures where self-adaptation and -configuration are crucial requirements. In this paper we propose HSIENA, a hybrid architecture that complements SIENA by adding the ability to self-reconfigure after broker additions and removals. The architecture has a novel design that mixes the classic SIENA’s distributed architecture with a highly available cloud-based storage service."
Cost-aware scalability of applications in public clouds Daniel Moldovan
Presentation given in International Conference on Cloud Engineering (IC2E), IEEE, Berlin, Germany, 4-8 April, 2016.
Paper accessible on my website http://www.infosys.tuwien.ac.at/staff/dmoldovan/
Scalable applications deployed in public clouds can be built from a combination of custom software components and public cloud services. To meet performance and/or cost requirements, such applications can scale-out/in their components during run-time. When higher performance is required, new component instances can be deployed on newly allocated cloud services (e.g., virtual machines). When the instances are no longer needed, their services can be deallocated to decrease cost. However, public cloud services are usually billed over predefined time and/or usage intervals, e.g., per hour, per GB of I/O. Thus, it might not be cost efficient to scale-in public cloud applications at any moment in time, without considering their billing cycles.
In this work we aid developers of scalable applications for public clouds to monitor their costs, and develop cost-aware scalability controllers. We introduce a model for capturing the pricing schemes of cloud services. Based on the model we determine and evaluate the application's costs depending on its used cloud services and their billing cycles. We further evaluate cost efficiency of cloud applications, analyzing which application component is cost efficient to deallocate and when. We integrate our approach in a platform for cost-aware scalability of applications running in public clouds. We evaluate our approach on a scalable platform for IoT, deployed in Flexiant, one of the leading European public cloud providers. We show that cost-aware scalability can achieve higher application stability and performance, while reducing its operation costs.
An Overview of Workflow Management on Mobile Agent TechnologyIJERA Editor
Mobile agent workflow management/plugins is quite appropriate to handle control flows in open distributed system; basically it is the emerging technology which can bring the process oriented tasks to run as a single unit from diverse frameworks. This workflow technology offers organizations the opportunity to reshape business processes beyond the boundaries of their own organizations so that instead of static models, modern era incurring dynamic workflows which can respond the changes during its execution, provide necessary security measures, great degree of adaptivity, troubleshoot the running processes and recovery of lost states through fault tolerance. The prototype that we are planning to design makes sure to hold reliability, security, robustness, scalability without being forced to make tradeoffs the performance. This paper is concerned with design, implementation and evaluation of performance on the improved methods of proposed prototype models based on current research in this domain.
Graph-Based Algorithm for a User-Aware SaaS Approach: Computing Optimal Distr...IJERA Editor
As a tool to exploit economies of scale, Software as a Service cloud models promote Multi-Tenancy which is the notion of sharing instances among a large group of tenants. However, Multi-Tenancy only satisfies requirements that are common to all tenants as well as the fact that tenants themselves hesitate about sharing. In a try to solve this problem, the present paper propose a User-Aware approach for Software as a Service models using Rich-Variant Components. The main contribution of this approach is a framework summarized in a graphbased algorithm enabling deduction of an optimal distribution of instances on application's tenants. To illustrate and evaluate the framework, the approach is applied on a Software as a Service Application for private school management
Integrated Analytics for IIoT Predictive Maintenance using IoT Big Data Cloud...Hong-Linh Truong
For predictive maintenance of equipment with In-
dustrial Internet of Things (IIoT) technologies, existing IoT Cloud
systems provide strong monitoring and data analysis capabilities
for detecting and predicting status of equipment. However, we
need to support complex interactions among different software
components and human activities to provide an integrated analyt-
ics, as software algorithms alone cannot deal with the complexity
and scale of data collection and analysis and the diversity of
equipment, due to the difficulties of capturing and modeling
uncertainties and domain knowledge in predictive maintenance.
In this paper, we describe how we design and augment complex
IoT big data cloud systems for integrated analytics of IIoT
predictive maintenance. Our approach is to identify various
complex interactions for solving system incidents together with
relevant critical analytics results about equipment. We incorpo-
rate humans into various parts of complex IoT Cloud systems
to enable situational data collection, services management, and
data analytics. We leverage serverless functions, cloud services,
and domain knowledge to support dynamic interactions between
human and software for maintaining equipment. We use a real-
world maintenance of Base Transceiver Stations to illustrate our
engineering approach which we have prototyped with state-of-
the art cloud and IoT technologies, such as Apache Nifi, Hadoop,
Spark and Google Cloud Functions.
Modeling and Provisioning IoT Cloud Systems for Testing UncertaintiesHong-Linh Truong
Modern Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Internet of Things (IoT)
systems consist of both loosely and tightly interactions among
various resources in IoT networks, edge servers and cloud data
centers. These elements are being built atop virtualization layers
and deployed in both edge and cloud infrastructures. They also deal
with a lot of data through the interconnection of different types of
networks and services. Therefore, several new types of uncertainties
are emerging, such as data, actuation, and elasticity uncertainties.
This triggers several challenges for testing uncertainty in such
systems. However, there is a lack of novel ways to model and
prepare the right infrastructural elements covering requirements
for testing emerging uncertainties. In this paper, first we present
techniques for modeling CPS/IoT Systems and their uncertainties
to be tested. Second, we introduce techniques for determining and
generating deployment configuration for testing in different IoT
and cloud infrastructures. We illustrate our work with a real-world
use case for monitoring and analysis of Base Transceiver Stations.
Testing Uncertainty of Cyber-Physical Systems in IoT Cloud Infrastructures: C...Hong-Linh Truong
Today’s cyber-physical systems (CPS) span IoT and cloud-based
datacenter infrastructures, which are highly heterogeneous with
various types of uncertainty. Thus, testing uncertainties in these
CPS is a challenging and multidisciplinary activity. We need several
tools for modeling, deployment, control, and analytics to test and
evaluate uncertainties for different configurations of the same CPS.
In this paper, we explain why using state-of-the art model-driven
engineering (MDE) and model-based testing (MBT) tools is not
adequate for testing uncertainties of CPS in IoT Cloud infrastruc-
tures. We discus how to combine them with techniques for elastic
execution to dynamically provision both CPS under test and testing
utilities to perform tests in various IoT Cloud infrastructures.
Towards a Resource Slice Interoperability Hub for IoTHong-Linh Truong
Interoperability for IoT is a challenging problem
because it requires us to tackle (i) cross-system interoperability
issues at the IoT platform sides as well as relevant network
functions and clouds in the edge systems and data centers
and (ii) cross-layer interoperability, e.g., w.r.t. data formats,
communication protocols, data delivery mechanisms, and perfor-
mance. However, existing solutions are quite static w.r.t software
deployment and provisioning for interoperability. Many middle-
ware, services and platforms have been built and deployed as
interoperability bridges but they are not dynamically provisioned
and reconfigured for interoperability at runtime. Furthermore,
they are often not considered together with other services as a
whole in application-specific contexts. In this paper, we focus
on dynamic aspects by introducing the concept of Resource
Slice Interoperability Hub (rsiHub). Our approach leverages
existing software artifacts and services for interoperability to
create and provision dynamic resource slices, including IoT,
network functions and clouds, for addressing application-specific
interoperability requirements. We will present our key concepts,
architectures and examples toward the realization of rsiHub.
On Supporting Contract-aware IoT Dataspace ServicesHong-Linh Truong
Advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) enable a
huge number of connected devices that produce large amounts
of data. Such data is increasingly shared among various
stakeholders to support advanced (predictive) analytics and
precision decision making in different application domains like
smart cities and industrial internet. Currently there are several
platforms that facilitate sharing, buying and selling IoT data.
However, these platforms do not support the establishment and
monitoring of usage contracts for IoT data. In this paper we
address this research issue by introducing a new extensible
platform for enabling contract-aware IoT dataspace services,
which supports data contract specification and IoT data flow
monitoring based on established data contracts. We present
a general architecture of contract monitoring services for
IoT dataspaces and evaluate our platform through illustrative
examples with real-world datasets and through performance
analysis.
Towards the Realization of Multi-dimensional Elasticity for Distributed Cloud...Hong-Linh Truong
As multiple types of distributed, heterogeneous cloud computing environments have proliferated, cloud software can leverage
diverse types of infrastructural, platform and data resources with di
erent cost and quality models. This introduces a multi-
dimensional elasticity perspective for cloud software that would greatly meet changing demands from the user. However, we argue
that current techniques are not enough for dealing with multi-dimensional elasticity in distributed cloud environments. We present
our approach to the realization of multi-dimensional elasticity by introducing novel concepts and a roadmap to achieve them.
On Engineering Analytics of Elastic IoT Cloud SystemsHong-Linh Truong
Developing IoT cloud platforms is very challenging, as IoT
cloud platforms consist of a mix of cloud services and IoT elements, e.g.,
for sensor management, near-realtime events handling, and data analyt-
ics. Developers need several tools for deployment, control, governance
and analytics actions to test and evaluate designs of software compo-
nents and optimize the operation of di erent design con gurations. In
this paper, we describe requirements and our techniques on support-
ing the development and testing of IoT cloud platforms. We present our
choices of tools and engineering actions that help the developer to design,
test and evaluate IoT cloud platforms in multi-cloud environments.
HINC – Harmonizing Diverse Resource Information Across IoT, Network Functions...Hong-Linh Truong
Effective resource management in IoT systems must
represent IoT resources, edge-to-cloud network capabilities, and
cloud resources at a high-level, while being able to link to diverse
low-level types of IoT devices, network functions, and cloud
computing infrastructures. Hence resource management in such
a context demands a highly distributed and extensible approach,
which allows us to integrate and provision IoT, network functions,
and cloud resources from various providers. In this paper, we
address this crucial research issue. We first present a high-
level information model for virtualized IoT, network functions
and cloud resource modeling, which also incorporates software-
defined gateways, network slicing and data centers. This model
is used to glue various low-level resource models from different
types of infrastructures in a distributed manner to capture
sets of resources spanning across different sub-networks. We
then develop a set of utilities and a middleware to support
the integration of information about distributed resources from
various sources. We present a proof of concept prototype with
various experiments to illustrate how various tasks in IoT cloud
systems can be simplified as well as to evaluate the performance
of our framework.
SINC – An Information-Centric Approach for End-to-End IoT Cloud Resource Prov...Hong-Linh Truong
We present SINC –
Slicing IoT, Network Functions, and Clouds – which enables designers to dynamically create/update end-to-end slices of the overall IoT network in order to simultaneously meet multiple user needs.
Governing Elastic IoT Cloud Systems under UncertaintiesHong-Linh Truong
we introduce U-GovOps – a novel framework for
dynamic, on-demand governance of elastic IoT cloud systems under
uncertainty. We introduce a declarative policy language to simplify
the development of uncertainty- and elasticity-aware governance
strategies. Based on that we develop runtime mechanisms, which
enable mitigating the uncertainties by monitoring and governing
the IoT cloud systems through specified strategies.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
1. Coordination-aware Elasticity
Stefano Mariani1, Hong-Linh Truong2, Georgiana Copil2, Andrea Omicini1,
Schahram Dustdar2
1DISI, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna
2Distributed Systems Group, Vienna University of Technology
truong@dsg.tuwien.ac.at
http://dsg.tuwien.ac.at/research/viecom
7th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing (UCC 2014)
11 Dec 2014, London
1
2. Outline
Motivation
Coordination-aware elasticity approach
Integrating elasticity and coordination
Prototype and examples
Conclusions and future work
UCC 2014, 11 Dec 2014, London 2
3. Cloud system n
Motivation
Elasticity for complex services in multiple cloud
environments needs to move from “control” to
“coordination”
UCC 2014, 11 Dec 2014, London 3
Cloud system 1
Better coordinator
Elasticity
Control
Goal: Accelerating the development of elasticity
through the notion of coordination-aware
elasticity
Current development/operation issues
Often hard-code, design-time only parameters
(waiting times, number of tries, targets of
operations, etc.)
Poor synchronisation between enforcement
mechanisms (hard-coded or undefined waiting
times, missing knowledge about operations
success/failure, etc.)
Lack of portability and reusability due to low-level
cloud APIs
Elastic service
enforce Better coordinator
delegate/manage
4. Coordination-aware Elasticity
approach
We need better ways to support flexibility, safety and
encapsulation, and separation and delegation of
concerns
the new way to develop elasticity and coordination interactions in
clouds
Elasticity programming directives
delegate elasticity actions to infrastructures and separate
elasticity control from application logic
Coordination laws
delegation of interaction management to middleware and
separation of interactive behaviour from computational one
UCC 2014, 11 Dec 2014, London 4
5. Coordination-aware Elasticity
approach
Separate concerns between elasticity and coordination
Each cloud system has its own coordination models
Elasticity exploits coordination features
Both deal with managing run-time dependencies in their own
scopes
Benefits
Support run-time delegation and separation of concerns
Guarantee safety of interactions between elasticity controllers
and cloud components/services/plugins
Improve availability of elasticity controllers, by delegating
coordination-related computations
Ease development process, by enabling and supporting
separation of duties and responsibilities
UCC 2014, 11 Dec 2014, London 5
6. This paper – our first step
mapping between elasticity and coordination
abstractions
“usage patterns” involving integrated usage of
elasticity control and coordination
An initial prototype of coordination-aware
elasticity based on rSYBL elasticity controller
and ReSpecT coordination framework
UCC 2014, 11 Dec 2014, London 6
7. Integrating concepts
UCC 2014, 11 Dec 2014, London 7
Elasticity
Elastic
Service/Resource
Elasticity
Infrastructure
Programming
Directive
Coordination
Agent
(Coordinable)
Coordination
Media
Coordination Law
Concepts from between two worlds must be mapped
Semantics of concepts are easy to understand
Implementation/syntax/performance are quite different
8. Integrating concepts
Within a single cloud system, elastic service units and
computational resources are the entities subject of the
coordination process (the coordinables)
Such a process is supported by a suitable elastic
coordination infrastructure composed by a network of
distributed coordination media and elastic management
components
Such components are responsible for the run-time
enforcement and programmability of the desired elastic
coordination directives
UCC 2014, 11 Dec 2014, London 8
9. Integrating languages
monitoring primitives and coordination events: enabling the system
to react to changes in its state
constraints and observation (guards): controlling execution of
(elastic/coordination) computations in response to
(elastic/coordination) events
Strategies and coordination computations: allow the
elastic/coordination infrastructure to perform computations in
response to elastic/coordination events
UCC 2014, 11 Dec 2014, London 9
Elasticity Directives Coordination Laws
Directive Law
Runtime Functions Primitives
Monitoring Event
Constraint Observation
Strategy Communication
10. Cloud system n
Runtime and APIs integration
UCC 2014, 11 Dec 2014, London 10
elasticity and coordination controllers work in tight synergy
the coordination-aware elasticity enforcement process
dynamically delegates responsibilities to the right component
11. Prototype and examples
Prototype
SYBL language and runtime (rSYBL) - for elasticity
the ReSpecT language and runtime (TuCSoN) — for
coordination
TuCSoN is used for coordinating resources in a
single cloud system
rSYBL is used to control elasticity across systems
GITs
https://github.com/tuwiendsg/rSYBL
https://github.com/tuwiendsg/rSYBL/tree/coordination
UCC 2014, 11 Dec 2014, London 11
12. Example of delegation
UCC 2014, 11 Dec 2014,
London
12
Elasticity
controller
development
13. Run-time benefits
UCC 2014, 11 Dec 2014, London 13
Elasticity controllers are “locked-in”
to such API
synchronous cloud API calls
lose elasticity control flow, being
obliged to wait until the call returns
asynchronous cloud API calls
busy-waits to know if scale out was
successful?
something bad happens elasticity
controllers are responsible of
failure-handling tedious tasks
(e.g. undo and/or redo)
Coordination-unaware
Elasticity
14. Run-time benefits
UCC 2014, 11 Dec 2014, London 14
Scaling out is delegated to
coordination services
control flow is retained by
elasticity controllers, now
free from cloud API issues
(e.g. invocation semantics)
and no longer tied to the
specific cloud
provider/system
API calls are now asynchronous by
default coordination guarantees
replies in finite time and failures are
confined to coordination services
Coordination-aware Elasticity
15. Conclusions and future work
A new approach: coordination-aware elasticity
Programming and engineering elasticity across multiple clouds
need better software engineering techniques
Elasticity languages and runtimes should leverage coordination
capabilities of underlying cloud systems to deal with complex
elasticity scenarios delegation and separation of concerns
However, it is just an early stage with simple
coordination models
Cloud systems would have complex coordination
models/languages for their services/resources
Future work
Real-world coordination models for single cloud systems
Elasticity-coordination interaction protocols
UCC 2014, 11 Dec 2014, London 15
16. Thanks for your attention!
Hong-Linh Truong
Distributed Systems Group
TU Wien
truong@dsg.tuwien.ac.at
dsg.tuwien.ac.at/research/viecom
UCC 2014, 11 Dec 2014, London 16