Cooperative selection

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1) Tournament selection has issues of not sampling all individuals in a population and not selecting some individuals. 2) Cooperative selection is proposed as an improvement that is more altruistic. It works by having the better of two randomly sampled individuals be selected for breeding, while the other individual is helped by taking the average fitness of the two. 3) This process is illustrated through an example population where cooperative selection results in all individuals being both sampled and selected for breeding, avoiding the problems with tournament selection.

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Cooperative Selection:
Improving Tournament Selection via Altruism
J.L.J. Laredo, S. Nielsen, G. Danoy,
P. Bouvry, C.M. Fernandes
University of Luxembourg, University of Lisbon

Scope
Cooperative Selection is an altruistic
improvement of Tournament Selection…
…but, what´s wrong with Tournament Selection?

What is wrong ?
(Poli05) points out
the not-sampling and
the not-selection issues

What is wrong ?
Not-sampling
Population at generation x
n individuals

What is wrong ?
Not-sampling
Population at generation x
Sampling 1
n individuals
Selection 1

What is wrong ?
Not-sampling
Population at generation x
Sampling 1
n individuals
Sampling 2
Selection 1
Selection 2
Breeding

What is wrong ?
Not-sampling
Population at generation x
Population at generation x+1
Sampling 1
n individuals
Sampling 2
Selection 1
Selection 2
Breeding

What is wrong ?
Not-sampling
Was sampled at all?
The answer is:
might be not!
Good news:
(Poli05) proposes a solution to the not-sampling issue

What is wrong ?
Not-selection
Population at generation x
Population at generation x+1
Sampling 1
n individuals
Sampling 2
Selection 1
Selection 2
Breeding
Population at generation x
Population at generation x+1
Sampling 1
n individuals
Sampling 2
Selection 1
Selection 2
Breeding
n x
n

What is wrong ?
Not-selection
Were they ever selected?
The answer is also:
might be not!
So far… there are no good news

Cooperative Selection
2 24 4 56 64 45 34 2 24 4 56 64 45 34
Tournament Selection Cooperative Selection
A B C D E F G A B C D E F G

2 24 4 56 64 45 34 2 24 4 56 64 45 34
Sampling Sampling
1st mate
Cooperative Selection
Tournament Selection Cooperative Selection
A B C D E F G A B C D E F G

2 24 4 56 64 45 34 2 24 4 56 64 45 34
64 64
Selection Selection
1st mate
Cooperative Selection
Tournament Selection Cooperative Selection
E E
A B C D E F G A B C D E F G

2 24 4 56 64 45 34 2 24 4 56 64 45 34
24+56
2
=40
Selection Altruism
1st mate
Cooperative Selection
Tournament Selection Cooperative Selection
64 64
E E
A B C D E F G A B C D E F G

2 24 4 56 64 45 34 2 24 4 56 40 45 34
24+56
2
=40
Selection Altruism
1st mate
Cooperative Selection
Tournament Selection Cooperative Selection
64 40
E E
A B C D E F G A B C D E F G

2 24 4 56 64 45 34 2 24 4 56 40 45 34
2nd mate
Cooperative Selection
Tournament Selection Cooperative Selection
Sampling Sampling
A B C D E F G A B C D E F G
64 40
E E

2 24 4 56 64 45 34 2 24 4 56 40 45 34
45
Selection Selection
2nd mate
64
Cooperative Selection
Tournament Selection Cooperative Selection
A B C D E F G A B C D E F G
64 40
E EE F

2 24 4 56 64 45 34 2 24 4 56 40 45 34
2nd mate
4+40
2
=22
Cooperative Selection
Tournament Selection Cooperative Selection
45
Selection Altruism
64
A B C D E F G A B C D E F G
64 40
E EE F

2 24 4 56 64 45 34 2 24 4 56 40 22 34
2nd mate
4+40
2
=22
Cooperative Selection
Tournament Selection Cooperative Selection
22
Selection Altruism
64
A B C D E F G A B C D E F G
64 40
E EE F

2 24 4 56 64 45 34 2 24 4 56 40 22 34
Cooperative Selection
Tournament Selection Cooperative Selection
22
Breeding
6464 40
E EE FBreeding

Cooperative Selection
2 24 4 56 64 45 34 2 24 4 56 40 22 34
Tournament Selection Cooperative Selection
22
Breeding
6464 40
E EE FBreeding

This research aims to explain the differences between the cooperative learning model of Numbered Heads Together (NHT) and Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) to the learning achievement of the eighth grade students in social subject at SMP Negeri 5 Jombang. The population in this study was 66 students of the eight grade students in which 33 students from class VIII H. and 33 students from class VIII F. The data were collected by using observation, interviews and tests. This research applied T-test for data analysis. The results showed that there is significantly difference on learning achievement of the eighth grade social studies at SMP Negeri 5 Jombang who are taught by using the cooperative learning model of NHT and STAD. The result showed that tcount was 2.763, it is higher than the coefficient of table 1.998 at the 5% level of significant (α) on the value of (df) = (33-1)(33-1) is 64. It implied that tcount> ttable in which 2.763 > 1.998, therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. Finally, It can be concluded that there is significant difference of the cooperative learning Model of Numbered Heads Together (NHT) And Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) to the learning achievement of the Eighth Grade Student in Social Subject at SMP Negeri 5 Jombang

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Cooperative selection

1. Cooperative Selection: Improving Tournament Selection via Altruism J.L.J. Laredo, S. Nielsen, G. Danoy, P. Bouvry, C.M. Fernandes University of Luxembourg, University of Lisbon

2. Scope Cooperative Selection is an altruistic improvement of Tournament Selection… …but, what´s wrong with Tournament Selection?

3. What is cool?

4. What is wrong ? (Poli05) points out the not-sampling and the not-selection issues

5. What is wrong ? Not-sampling Population at generation x n individuals

6. What is wrong ? Not-sampling Population at generation x Sampling 1 n individuals Selection 1

7. What is wrong ? Not-sampling Population at generation x Sampling 1 n individuals Sampling 2 Selection 1 Selection 2 Breeding

8. What is wrong ? Not-sampling Population at generation x Population at generation x+1 Sampling 1 n individuals Sampling 2 Selection 1 Selection 2 Breeding

9. What is wrong ? Not-sampling Population at generation x Population at generation x+1 Sampling 1 n individuals Sampling 2 Selection 1 Selection 2 Breeding n x n

10. What is wrong ? Not-sampling Population at generation x Population at generation x+1 Sampling 1 n individuals Sampling 2 Selection 1 Selection 2 Breeding n x n Was sampled at all?

11. What is wrong ? Not-sampling Was sampled at all? The answer is: might be not! Good news: (Poli05) proposes a solution to the not-sampling issue

12. What is wrong ? Not-selection Population at generation x Population at generation x+1 Sampling 1 n individuals Sampling 2 Selection 1 Selection 2 Breeding Population at generation x Population at generation x+1 Sampling 1 n individuals Sampling 2 Selection 1 Selection 2 Breeding n x n

13. What is wrong ? Not-selection Population at generation x Population at generation x+1 Sampling 1 n individuals Sampling 2 Selection 1 Selection 2 Breeding Population at generation x Population at generation x+1 Sampling 1 n individuals Sampling 2 Selection 1 Selection 2 Breeding n x n Were they ever selected?

14. What is wrong ? Not-selection Were they ever selected? The answer is also: might be not! So far… there are no good news

15. Cooperative Selection 2 24 4 56 64 45 34 2 24 4 56 64 45 34 Tournament Selection Cooperative Selection A B C D E F G A B C D E F G

16. 2 24 4 56 64 45 34 2 24 4 56 64 45 34 Sampling Sampling 1st mate Cooperative Selection Tournament Selection Cooperative Selection A B C D E F G A B C D E F G

17. 2 24 4 56 64 45 34 2 24 4 56 64 45 34 64 64 Selection Selection 1st mate Cooperative Selection Tournament Selection Cooperative Selection E E A B C D E F G A B C D E F G

18. 2 24 4 56 64 45 34 2 24 4 56 64 45 34 24+56 2 =40 Selection Altruism 1st mate Cooperative Selection Tournament Selection Cooperative Selection 64 64 E E A B C D E F G A B C D E F G

19. 2 24 4 56 64 45 34 2 24 4 56 40 45 34 24+56 2 =40 Selection Altruism 1st mate Cooperative Selection Tournament Selection Cooperative Selection 64 40 E E A B C D E F G A B C D E F G

20. 2 24 4 56 64 45 34 2 24 4 56 40 45 34 2nd mate Cooperative Selection Tournament Selection Cooperative Selection Sampling Sampling A B C D E F G A B C D E F G 64 40 E E

21. 2 24 4 56 64 45 34 2 24 4 56 40 45 34 45 Selection Selection 2nd mate 64 Cooperative Selection Tournament Selection Cooperative Selection A B C D E F G A B C D E F G 64 40 E EE F

22. 2 24 4 56 64 45 34 2 24 4 56 40 45 34 2nd mate 4+40 2 =22 Cooperative Selection Tournament Selection Cooperative Selection 45 Selection Altruism 64 A B C D E F G A B C D E F G 64 40 E EE F

23. 2 24 4 56 64 45 34 2 24 4 56 40 22 34 2nd mate 4+40 2 =22 Cooperative Selection Tournament Selection Cooperative Selection 22 Selection Altruism 64 A B C D E F G A B C D E F G 64 40 E EE F

24. 2 24 4 56 64 45 34 2 24 4 56 40 22 34 Cooperative Selection Tournament Selection Cooperative Selection 22 Breeding 6464 40 E EE FBreeding

25. 2 24 4 56 64 45 34 2 24 4 56 40 22 34 Cooperative Selection Tournament Selection Cooperative Selection 22 Breeding 6464 40 E EE FBreeding

26. Cooperative Selection 2 24 4 56 64 45 34 2 24 4 56 40 22 34 Tournament Selection Cooperative Selection 22 Breeding 6464 40 E EE FBreeding

27. Cooperative Selection 2 24 4 56 64 45 34 2 24 4 56 40 22 34 Tournament Selection Cooperative Selection 22 Breeding 6464 40 E EE FBreeding

28. Thanks for your attention

Cooperative selection

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