Что такое Gherkin? Как всё это работает, например с Cucumber-jvm? Какие обычные и специфичные features реализует фреймворк? Каковы best practices его использования? Когда вообще все это стоит применять? Данный доклад интересен для тех кто желает ознакомится с BDD и вышеназванным фреймворком. Много практических примеров и несколько советов по использованию.

1. COOL AS A CUCUMBER
QA FEST
2014

2. 04.11.2014 / 2
Gherkin COBOL
(COmmon Business-Oriented Language)

3. WHAT IS IT?
04.11.2014 / 3

4. Gherkin
04.11.2014 / 4
Feature: Short summary title
As a common user
I want to be able to do something
So that I have a profit
Scenario: Particular case
Given some precondition
And some other precondition
When some action is done by user
And some other action
And yet another action
Then some testable outcome is achieved
And something else we can check happens too
Prepare Act Assert

5. Step Definitions & Runners
04.11.2014 / 5
package myprecious.tests.cucumber.steps;
public class CertainSteps {
@Given("^some precondition$")
public void step_definition() {
... //My code here
}
@When("^some action is done by user$")
public void some_action_is_done {
... //Some Selenium here
}
...
package myprecious.tests.cucumber.runners;
@RunWith(Cucumber.class)
@Cucumber.Options(
tags = {"~@skipped", "~@inProgress", "~@current"},
strict = true,
format = { "json:target/cukes.json"},
monochrome = true,
glue = {"myprecious.tests.cucumber.steps",
" myprecious.tests.cucumber.hooks"})
public class LetTehTestsOut {
}
regular expressions
only informative role
locations for test parts
“features” is separate one
@runMe
~@dontRunMe
reporting options
@tag
Scenario: Particular case
Given some precondition

6. WHAT CAN
A SCENARIO
DO?
04.11.2014 / 6

7. Hooks
04.11.2014 / 7
Feature: Payment operations
@ui
Scenario: Make payment using current card
Given I have logged
And I have selected card
...
@service
Scenario: Get internal payment info
Given I have submitted payment :
...
public class TaggedHooks {
@Before("@ui")
public void startUpUi() {
//open browser ...
}
@After("@ui")
public void clearUi(Scenario scenario) {
if (scenario.getStatus().equals("failed")) {
byte[] screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).
getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BYTES);
scenario.embed(screenshot, "image/png");
}
OR (“@ui, @service”)
AND ({“@ui”, “@service”})
only scenario status
if few, executed in backward order
~ works
here too

8. Feature: Card operations
Scenario: Change PIN successfully
Given I am on account main page
And I select my card from list
And I enter the correct PIN
When I change the PIN to 9876
Then the system should know my new PIN is 9876
Scenario: Transaction list
Given I am on account main page
And I select my card from list
And I enter the correct PIN
And card was used at least once
When I click info panel
Then list of transactions is shown
Scenario: Print card information
Given I am on account main page
And I select my card from list
And I enter the correct PIN
When I click print button
Then page with card information is shown
And it contains card account number
Background
04.11.2014 / 8
Feature: Card operations
Background: User selected a card
Given I am on account main page
And I select my card from list
And I enter the correct PIN
Scenario: Change PIN successfully
When I change the PIN to 9876
Then the system should know my new PIN is 9876
Scenario: Transaction list
Given card was used at least once
When I click info panel
Then list of transactions is shown
Scenario: Print card information
When I click print button
Then page with card information is shown
And it contains card account number

9. Examples
04.11.2014 / 9
Feature: User registration
Scenario: Tooltips for email registration
Given I am on quick registration form
When I fill "Email" field with ""
And I click somewhere else
Then I should see error message "Email cannot be blank"
When I fill "email" field with "darth.vader"
And I click somewhere else
Then I should see error message "Please input valid Email address"
When I fill "email" field with "admin@domain.com"
And I click somewhere else
Then I should see error message "Email has already been taken"
When I fill "password" field with ""
And I click somewhere else
Then I should see error message "Password cannot be blank"
When I fill "password" field with "asdf"
And I click somewhere else
Then I should see error message "Password is too short"
Feature: User registration
Scenario Outline: Tooltips for email registration
Given I am on quick registration form
When I fill "<field_name>" field with "<value>"
And I click somewhere else
Then I should see error tooltip "<error_message>"
Examples:
| field_name | value | error_message |
| Email | | Email cannot be blank |
| Email | luke.skywalker | Please input valid Email address |
| Email | admin@domain.com | Email has already been taken |
| Password | | Password cannot be blank |
| Password | asdf | Password is too short |

10. WHAT CAN
A STEP DEFINITION
DO?
04.11.2014 / 10

11. Usual variables
04.11.2014 / 11
When I select 28 as a "delivery date"
@When("^I select (d+) as a "(.+)"$")
public void stepDefA(int number, String controlName){
Given months "September,July,March" are checked
@Given("^months "(.+)" are checked$")
public void stepDefB(List<String> monthNames){
Given delivery date is “28-02-2014"
@Given("^delivery date is "(d{2}-d{2}-d{4})"$")
public void stepDefC(@Format("dd-MM-yyyy") Date today) {
Then payment is updated in DB2 database
@Then("^payment is updated in (DB2|Oracle) database$")
public void stepDefD(String dbName){
Then error dialog is shown again
@When("^error dialog is shown(?: again)?$")
public void stepDefE(){

12. Multiline text
04.11.2014 / 12
Then informational message is shown:
"""
Welcome to the Cosa Nostra card activation system.
=======
If you would like us to take care of these losers before they cause you
any trouble, please proceed to payment card information menu.
"""
Given I have a user account "Test Testersen"
When it is granted <Role> rights
And I submit a support request
Then I should receieve an email:
"""
Dear T. Testersen,
Unfortunately all our specialists are busy.
Please <Action> <Person> in order to get further help
with Your issue.
Thank You for using our service.
"""
Examples:
| Role | Action | Person |
| customer | call | customer support team |
| customer support | email | service operations team |
| service operations | brace | yourself |
@Then("^informational message is shown:$")
public void info_message_shown(String messageText) {

13. Data tables
04.11.2014 / 13
Given following accounts already exist in DB:
| debitorName | debtorAddress1 | debtorPostCd | updateDate |
| "Anakin Skywalker" | "Sand str 8, 2" | "Tatooine" | <current> +1d |
| "R2D2" | "MISTY JUNGLE 1" | "DAGOBAH" | <current> -1d |
| "Qui-Gon Jinn" | "Shrine, apt. 63" | "Yavin 4" | <current> -3d |
| "Padme Amidala" | "Theed Royal Palace" | "Naboo" | <current> -3d |
| "Luke Skywalker" | "Misty Jungle 1" | "Dagobah" | <current> -1d |
| "Lando Calrissian" | "Building 2A, room 45" | "Bespin" | <current> -1d |
| "Han Solo" | "Deck 06A, 12" | "Hoth" | <current> +3d |
| "Leia Organa" | "Laser str. 13" | "Alderaan" | <current> -1d |
@Then("^following accounts already exist in DB:$")
public void stepDefA(DataTable accounts) {
@Then("^following accounts already exist in DB:$")
public void stepDefB(List<Map<String>> accounts) {
@Then("^following accounts already exist in DB:$")
public void stepDefC(List<AccountClass> accounts) {
@Then("^following accounts already exist in DB:$")
public void stepDefD(List<List<String>> accounts) {

14. HOW CAN WE MAKE IT BETTER?
04.11.2014 / 14

15. Integrate
04.11.2014 / 15
Maven failsafe plugin to launch the tests.
Test reports passed in json to Jenkins Cucumber report plugin.

16. Use the power
04.11.2014 / 16
Backgrounds, examples, regexps …
Given I am on the advanced search page
And I select "Endocrinology" from "Specialty"
And I choose "Yes" within "Accepts Insurance"
And I fill in "ZIP Code" with "90010"
And I select "5 miles" from "Search Radius"
When I press "Search"
When I search for a provider with the criteria:
| Provider Type | Doctor |
| Specialty | Endocrinology |
| Accepts Insurance | Yes |
| ZIP | 90010 |
| Search Radius | 5 miles |
When I search for a provider with the default criteria and:
| Specialty | Endocrinology |
| Accepts Insurance | No |
...
When I search for a provider with the default criteria
Then the search criteria should include:
| Provider Type | Doctor |
| Specialty | General |
| Accepts Insurance | Yes |
| ZIP | 90010 |
| Search Radius | 5 miles |

17. Use the power … of regexps?
04.11.2014 / 17
When I use email (?:[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+(?:.[a-z0-
9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+)*|"(?:[x01-x08x0bx0cx0e-x1fx21x23-x5bx5d-x7f]|[x01-
x09x0bx0cx0e-x7f])*")@(?:(?:[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?.)+[a-z0-
9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?|[(?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-
9]?).){3}(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?|[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-
9]:(?:[x01-x08x0bx0cx0e-x1fx21-x5ax53-x7f]|[x01-x09x0bx0cx0e-x7f])+)])
When I am logged in
...
When I am logged in as "Joda"
@Then("^I am logged in$")
.* Anything or nothing
.+ Something
d* none or more digits
d+ some digits
"[^"]*" Something in quotes
an? Something optional
...
@When("^(?:I am logged|I log) in as an? "([^"]*)"$")
@Then("^(?:receipt has )?following payment (?:information|info) :$")

18. Choose your domain
04.11.2014 / 18
Scenario: User with valid credentials
Given an unauthenticated user
When the user tries to navigate to the welcome page
Then they should be redirected to the login page
When the user enters a valid name in the Name field
And the user enters the corresponding password in the Password field
And the user presses the Login button
Then they should be directed to the welcome page
• Security domain, user authentication
• Password based authentication domain
• UI widgets domain
• Domain of web assets
Scenario: User with valid credentials
Given an unauthenticated user
When the user tries to access a restricted asset
Then they should be directed to a login page
When the user submits valid credentials
Then they should be redirected back to the restricted content
• “WHAT”  User authentication domain
• “HOW” Web based security domain

19. Declarative vs. Imperative
04.11.2014 / 19
How exactly to do it ?What should be done?
Scenario: Successful login
Given a user "Smith" with password "qwerty"
And I am on the login page
And I fill in "User name" with "Smith"
And I fill in "Password" with "qwerty"
When I press "Log in"
Then I should see "Welcome, Smith"
Background:
Scenario: Successful login
Given a user "Smith" with password "qwerty"
And I am on the login page
And I fill in "User name" with "Smith"
And I fill in "Password" with "qwerty"
When I press "Log in"
Then I should see "Welcome, Smith"
Scenario: User is greeted upon login
Given the user "Smith" has an account
When he logs in
Then he should see "Welcome, Smith"
Background: The user is logged in
Given a logged in user
Feature: The System
Scenario: Everything Works
Given the system exists
When I use it
Then it should work, perfectly

20. WHEN DO WE
NEED IT?
04.11.2014 / 20

21. 04.11.2014 / 21
Don’t use Cucumber unless you live in the magic kingdom
of non-programmers-writing-tests (and send me a bottle of
fairy dust if you’re there!)
~ David Heinemeier Hansson
1. Non-developers are involved too
 Product owner
 Test engineer
? Test automation engineer
2. Executable specification
3. BDD, TDD
 Specification, not script
 Abstract, declarative
 Shared language
 Key examples
Collaboration tool
Jira (Behave Plug-in), Cucumber Pro, Relish . . .
 Developer

22. Useful links and sources
Web
• github.com/cucumber/cucumber-jvm
• cukes.info/ – project page
• dannorth.net/archives/ – creator of BDD
• aslakhellesoy.com/ – framework creator
• agileforall.com/blog/ – usage examples
• cucumber.pro/ – Cucumber Pro + blog
Books
• The Cucumber Book – Wynne M, Hellesøy A, 2012
04.11.2014 / 22

23. 04.11.2014 / 23
anna.gavriluk@iteraconsulting.com
Skype: angavriluk

24. THANKS FOR TRYING
TO STAY AWAKE