This document discusses the concepts of continuous delivery and continuous deployment. It defines continuous delivery as producing software in short cycles to ensure it can be reliably released at any time, while continuous deployment refers to the safe, automatic deployment of frequent small commits without human intervention. The document notes some pitfalls organizations face in achieving continuous deployment, such as bugs occurring from automated deployments. It also discusses strategies for facilitating continuous deployment, such as using feature flags, unified deployment pipelines, and avoiding branching in version control systems.

1. CONTINUOUS DEPLOYMENT
Beyond Continuous Delivery
byTimothy Fitz

2. Timothy Fitz
Coined Continuous Deployment
Technical Lead at IMVU
CTO at Canvas
Software Consultant
TimothyFitz.com
SystemsLive.com
@TimothyFitz

3. THISTALK
• What is Continuous Deployment?
• Pitfalls of getting to CD
• The future of CD

4. CONTINUOUS DELIVERY
produce software in short cycles
ensuring that the software
can be reliably released at any time

5. CONTINUOUS DELIVERY
deployable
at the push of a button

6. CONTINUOUS DEPLOYMENT
Safe automatic deployment
of frequent small commits

7. CONTINUOUS DEPLOYMENT
SAFE
The automated process is
responsible for failures.
Not just great test coverage.
Blameless post-mortems.

8. CONTINUOUS DEPLOYMENT
AUTOMATIC
DEPLOYMENT
Code gets deployed
without human intervention

9. CONTINUOUS DEPLOYMENT
FREQUENT
SMALL
COMMITS
Smaller commits are safer,
faster, cheaper and simpler.

10. CONTINUOUS
DELIVERY
push button
CONTINUOUS
DEPLOYMENT
automatic

11. CONTINUOUS
DELIVERY
CONTINUOUS
DEPLOYMENT
Commit Build Test Deploy
Commit Build Test Deploy

12. IMVU was actually
Continuous Delivery

13. IMVU was actually
Continuous Delivery
Shhhhh
Don’t tell anyone!

14. BOTH
fully automated deploy

15. BOTH
significant
automated test coverage

16. BOTH
deploy pipeline
infrastructure

17. PUSH BUTTON
Human QA
before deploy

18. Bug!

19. Bug!
Post-mortem

20. Bug!
Post-mortemMore Human QA

21. Bug!
Post-mortemMore Human QA

22. MORE
Bugs!

23. MORE
Bugs!
Reduced Confidence

24. MORE
Bugs!
Reduced ConfidenceLess frequent deploys

25. MORE
Bugs!
Reduced ConfidenceLess frequent deploys

26. AUTOMATIC
Bug!
AutomationIncreased Throughput

27. PUSH BUTTON
Encourages
deploy = feature release

28. AUTOMATIC
Requires feature flippers
As simple as an if statement.
As complex as your release process needs to be.

29. BUT…
Can’t I just use Feature Flippers with push button deploy?

30. TOP DOWN
Please use feature flippers!
When? Where? How often?
Boss

31. BOTTUM UP
A developer goes to commit some code
This feature isn’t ready,
what can I do?
Boss
Check out feature flippers!

32. PUSHVS PULL
• A methodology is “pushed” if adoption is
optional and driven by evangelism.
• A methodology is “pulled” if adoption is
mandatory and driven by necessity.

33. PUSH BUTTON
Service Oriented Architecture
Commit Build Test Backend
Commit Build Test Frontend

34. PUSH BUTTON
Service Oriented Architecture
Commit Build Test Backend
Commit Build Test Frontend

35. PUSH BUTTON
Service Oriented Architecture
Commit Build Test Backend
Commit Build Test Frontend

36. PUSH BUTTON
Service Oriented Architecture
Commit Build Test Backend
Commit Build Test Frontend

37. PUSH BUTTON
Service Oriented Architecture
Commit Build Test Backend
Commit Build Test Frontend

38. PUSH BUTTON
Inter-service dependencies
Commit Build Test Frontend
Commit Build Test Backend

39. PUSH BUTTON
Inter-service dependencies
Commit Build Test Frontend
Commit Build Test Backend

40. PUSH BUTTON
Inter-service dependencies
Commit Build Test Frontend
Commit Build Test Backend

41. PUSH BUTTON
Inter-service dependencies
Commit Build Test Frontend
Commit Build Test Backend

42. PUSH BUTTON
Inter-service dependencies
Commit Build Test Frontend
Commit Build Test Backend

43. PUSH BUTTON
Inter-service dependencies
Commit Build Test Frontend
Commit Build Test Backend

44. PUSH BUTTON
Inter-service dependencies
Commit Build Test Frontend
Commit Build Test Backend

45. PUSH BUTTON
Inter-service dependencies
Commit Build Test Frontend
Commit Build Test Backend

46. PUSH BUTTON
Inter-service dependencies
Commit Build Test Frontend
Commit Build Test Backend

47. PUSH BUTTON
Inter-service dependencies
Commit Build Test Frontend
Commit Build Test Backend

48. PUSH BUTTON
Inter-service dependencies
Commit Build Test Frontend
Commit Build Test Backend
BROKEN!

49. PUSH BUTTON
Correct but SLOW
Commit Build Test Frontend
Commit Build Test Backend

50. PUSH BUTTON
Correct but SLOW
Commit Build Test Frontend
Commit Build Test Backend

51. PUSH BUTTON
Correct but SLOW
Commit Build Test Frontend
Commit Build Test Backend

52. PUSH BUTTON
Correct but SLOW
Commit Build Test Frontend
Commit Build Test Backend

53. PUSH BUTTON
Correct but SLOW
Commit Build Test Frontend
Commit Build Test Backend

54. PUSH BUTTON
Correct but SLOW
Commit Build Test Frontend
Commit Build Test Backend

55. PUSH BUTTON
Correct but SLOW
Commit Build Test Frontend
Commit Build Test Backend

56. PUSH BUTTON
Correct but SLOW
Commit Build Test Frontend
Commit Build Test Backend

57. PUSH BUTTON
Correct but SLOW
Commit Build Test Frontend
Commit Build Test Backend

58. PUSH BUTTON
Correct but SLOW
Commit Build Test Frontend
Commit Build Test Backend

59. PUSH BUTTON
Correct but SLOW
Commit Build Test Frontend
Commit Build Test Backend

60. PUSH BUTTON
Correct but SLOW
Commit Build Test Frontend
Commit Build Test Backend

61. PUSH BUTTON
Correct but SLOW
Commit Build Test Frontend
Commit Build Test Backend

62. REAL WORLD SOA :(
Frontend
Middleware
Backend #1 Backend #2 Backend #3

63. REAL WORLD SOA :(
Commit Build Test Frontend
Commit Build Test Frontend
Commit Build Test Backend #1
Commit Build Test Backend #2
Commit Build Test Backend #3

64. AUTOMATIC
Commit Build Test Frontend
Commit Build Test Frontend
Commit Build Test Backend #1
Commit Build Test Backend #2
Commit Build Test Backend #3

65. TEMPLATED
Commit Build Test Frontend
Commit Build Test Frontend
Commit Build Test Backend #1
Commit Build Test Backend #2
Commit Build Test Backend #3

66. UNIFIED
Commit Build Test
Frontend
Frontend
Backend #1
Backend #2
Backend #3

67. STAGING ENVIRONMENTS

68. STAGING ENVIRONMENTS
ARE BAD

69. STAGING ENVIRONMENTS
• Shared mutable state
• Across multiple teams
• Across multiple deploy pipelines
• No real users
• No real risk
• Deploying offers no real risk reduction
• Broken Regularly
• 2nd-class compared to production

70. HOW TO NEVER CD TO PRODUCTION
Deploy
to staging
Staging is broken!Less confidence in deploys

71. • Only tests should have access to environment
• Must be able to recreate automatically
• Ideally recreate on every test run
• Every deploy pipeline gets its own environment
But where do I run integration tests?
Commit Build Test Production

72. GIT

73. GIT
IS BAD??

74. Branch-based workflows aren’t even
Continuous Integration
Merge Build Test
Code
Review
Pull
Request
Commit

75. Branch-based workflows aren’t even
Continuous Integration
Merge Build Test
Code
Review
Pull
Request
Commit

76. SOLUTION?
NEVER
BRANCH

77. MISUSE OF CODE REVIEW
• Catch bugs
(automate! test coverage)
• Teach junior engineers
(pair programming, mentorship)

78. CODE REVIEW
AFTER DEPLOYMENT
• Ensure readability
• Promote code reuse
• Promote knowledge sharing
• Minimize bus number

79. DEPLOYMENT IS STRESS FREE
#1 most surprising result of adopting continuous deployment?

80. CONTINUOUS
ANYTHING
IS GREAT

81. HAVE
CONTINUOUS
DEPLYOMENT
ASYOUR GOAL

82. THE FUTURE
CONTINUOUS DEPLOYMENT

83. THE FUTURE
SOFTWARE

84. THE PAST
2006 (BUILDBOT)
▸ twisted
▸ jinja
▸ simplejson
▸ pysqlite

85. THE PRESENT
2016 (5K LINE CURRENT PROJECT)
geoip2
- requests
- maxminddb
- ipaddr
MySQL-python
boto
boto3
- botocore
- jmespath
- python-dateutil
- six
- docutils
- futures
celery
- pytz
- billiard
- kombu
- anyjson
- amqp
psycopg2
pyfakefs
- mox3
- pbr
- fixtures
- testtools
- extras
- pyrsistent
- python-
mimeparse
- unittest2
- argparse
- traceback2
- linecache2
airflow
- alembic
- SQLAlchemy
- Mako
- MarkupSafe
- python-editor
- chartkick
- croniter
- setuptools
- dill
- flask
- Werkzeug
- Jinja2
- itsdangerous
- flask-admin
- wtforms
- flask-cache
- flask-login
- future
- gunicorn
- markdown
- pandas
- numpy
- pygments
- setproctitle
- thrift
- Flask-WTF
redis
wsgiref
repoze.lru
datawarehouse
user-agents
- ua-parser
nose
66!

86. THE FUTURE
PROJECTS HAVE MORE EVERYTHING
▸ More libraries
▸ More frameworks
▸ More API integrations
▸ More frequent deployment

87. THE FUTURE
CONTINUOUS DEPLOYMENT OF
▸ Libraries
▸ Frameworks
▸ Operating systems

88. THE FUTURE
CONTINUOUS DEPLOYMENT OF
▸ Libraries (Google Analytics)
▸ Operating systems (Linux via Ksplice Uptrack)

89. STOP WASTING TIME
TRYING TO KEEP UP

90. THE FUTURE
CURRENT LANGUAGES AND FRAMEWORKS
Inherently tightly coupled
Bottlenecked on client’s adoption of change
Perl 6?
Python 3?
AngularJS 2?
Ruby on Rails 2.x 3.x 4.x

91. THE FUTURE
NEXT BIG LANGUAGE/FRAMEWORK
Winner will be
whoever can
sustain evolution!

92. THE FUTURE
NEXT BIG LANGUAGE/FRAMEWORK
▸ Built-in support for code migration
▸ Allow libraries to migrate your code when the library
changes

93. THE FUTURE
REFACTORING DSL
▸ rename(OldClass, NewClass)
▸ change_signature(foo(x), foo(x,y=null))
▸ six.py
▸ go fmt
SOME HINTS OF THE FUTURE

94. THE FUTURE
NEXT BIG LANGUAGE
▸ Prioritize code changes over static code

95. THE FUTURE
NEXT BIG LANGUAGE
▸ Prioritize code changes over static code
THANKS!
ANY QUESTIONS?
@TimothyFitz