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The document provides an overview of prehistory and ancient history, covering early human species, Paleolithic art, Neolithic settlements, the development of metal tools, and the civilizations that arose in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome. Key topics discussed include hunter-gatherer lifestyles changing to agriculture in the Neolithic, early writing systems developed by Mesopotamians and Egyptians, important religious and political figures like Egyptian pharaohs, architectural structures like temples and columns, and artworks like sculptures that evolved over this time period.
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The document provides information about ancient Greece, including:
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The document provides background information on Egyptian mythology, including its gods and goddesses like Isis, Osiris, Horus, and Set. It describes how the ancient Egyptians worshipped in temples dedicated to different deities. It also discusses some Egyptian mysteries like the Sphinx and the Rosetta Stone, which helped with deciphering hieroglyphs. Notable Egyptian kings and queens that ruled during this time include King Tut, Ramesses II, Queen Hatshepsut, and Cleopatra.
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The document traces the evolution of writing from early pictographs to modern alphabetic writing systems. It begins with the Sumerians developing the first writing system of wedge-shaped strokes around 3000 BC. Over thousands of years, other civilizations developed their own systems including hieroglyphics in Egypt and an alphabet of consonants by the Phoenicians. The Greeks later added vowels, creating an alphabet still used today. Punctuation, lowercase letters, and spaces between words were later refinements that increased readability and standardized written languages.
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The document summarizes key aspects of ancient Egyptian civilization, including:
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2) They built pyramids and temples to honor gods, and mummification helped preserve bodies for the afterlife.
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In ancient Egypt, the Pharaoh was believed to be a god and was at the top of the social pyramid. Priests had high status and wealth, owned land, and performed rituals to reinforce the Pharaoh's divine status. Peasants made up most of the population and worked on government projects during flood seasons. In Mesopotamia, creation myths involved gods forming social groups and a council to rule. Priests conducted celebrations for gods and kings were believed to descend from city gods, unlike Egypt where Pharaohs were actual gods. Ziggurats were built for worship of heavenly and earthly gods.
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Roman Architecture
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HUM-100: PREHISTORY, MESOPOTAMIA, AND EGYPT (PT. 2)
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HUM-100: PREHISTORY, MESOPOTAMIA, AND EGYPT (PT. 1)
Social, Political, and Religious Order in Egypt and Mesopotamia
Social, Political, and Religious Order in Egypt and Mesopotamia
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Egypt
The document provides information on the time period and location of ancient Egypt. It describes how Egypt was originally divided into two kingdoms that were unified by King Menes around 3100 BC, marking the beginning of ancient Egypt. The Nile river was crucial to Egypt's development by providing fertile land and isolating the civilization. Egypt had four main historical periods separated by intermediate periods, with important events and capital cities noted for each period. The document also discusses Egypt's political, social, economic, and cultural aspects like its hierarchical social structure, agricultural economy, use of hieroglyphic writing, polytheistic religion, and architectural and artistic achievements including temples and royal tombs.
Final ExaminationGED 130 Introduction to Civilization1.docx
Final Examination
GED 130 Introduction to Civilization
1
1) Which of the following statements about the Enuma Elish is NOT true?
A) It probably dates to about 2000 B.C.E..
B) A rebelling god and goddess were destroyed by Marduk.
C) Humans were created by the gods out of earth and water.
D) It is the creation myth of the people of Akkad.
2) In the mid-1700s, the more astute natural scientists:
A) had questioned the idea that all plant and animal species had been sepa-
rately created.
B) had provided a substantial body of evidence that the Earth was many mil-
lions of years old.
C) had proved the biblical account of creation.
D) had developed the genetic theory of mutation transmission.
3) Charles Darwin:
A) argued that teleology was an integral part of all life.
B) refused to acknowledge that Alfred Russel Wallace had any useful ideas
on evolution.
C) acknowledged that there was a “Creator”.
D) based his ideas on evolution on data he gathered while traveling in south-
east Asia.
4) The remains of Homo sapiens have been found throughout:
A) Java.
B) Australia.
C) Eurasia.
D) Africa.
5) Homo first used fire about the year:
A) 5 million B.P.
B) 1 million B.P.
C) 30,000 B.P.
D) 200,000 B.P.
6) Homo sapiens:
A) was a tool user.
B) had the smallest brain capacity of any hominid yet discovered.
C) were first discovered in fossils in the late seventeenth century.
D) means “man with developed brain”.
Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)
2
Final Examination
GED 130 Introduciton to Civilization
7) Most archaeologists and paleoanthropologists believe:
A) Homo erectus evolved into Homo sapiens only on the African continent.
B) Homo erectus first appeared in Africa.
C) Homo erectus first appeared in western Europe.
D) Homo erectus evolved into Homo sapiens in several regions.
8) Which of the following events in evolutionary history happened first?
A) first birds
B) first amphibians
C) first dinosaurs
D) first reptiles
9) Which of the following is NOT a reason put forth in the text for the disap-
pearance of Neanderthals?
A) Neanderthals interbred with Homo sapiens sapiens.
B) Homo sapiens sapiens destroyed the Neanderthals through violence.
C) Homo sapiens sapiens out-competed Neanderthals for resources.
D) Neanderthals warred with each other and drove themselves to extinction.
10) Linguist Noam Chomsky argues that the ability to use language is:
A) genetic.
B) learned from the environment.
C) learned from parents.
D) a gift of the gods.
11) The “Venus” figurine pictured in the text:
A) was made between 5,000 and 7,000 years ago.
B) is probably a fertility charm.
C) indicates that the people of that era were on a near-starvation diet.
D) was found in southern Africa.
12) Which of the following stages of human development happened first?
A) rapid brain growth
B ...
epherites IIhorisKmt.c Dynasty XXX Ca. 378—341 B.C.E.docx
epherites II
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itive Kemetic Dynasty
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capital at Tjebnutjer (Sebennytos).
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he di.’ides the Kemetic royal families into d
11 (Phladelphus) opens ports at Arsinoe, My
‘ian Tvuseum and Library founded.
nes (Celebrated African Scholar and the First
y charts the earth’s circjmference and writes
III (Euergetes)
[V (Phulopator)
tta Stone (A bilingual
V (Epiphanes)
VI (Philometor)
VII (Neos Philopator)
Viii (Euergetes II)
LX (Soter II)
(Alexander I)
U (Alexander II)
‘set and Na-nefer-ka-ptah and Khaemwaset a
(11 (Neos Dionysos)
VII commits suicide.
Caesar claims Kmt as a province of the Rom
e Battle of Issus.
der of Macedon in
ry ofEg)’pt (Aegvptia
‘nasties.
s Hormos and Bereni
Librarian at Alexandi
e Canon of the Kings
ctanebo II defeated by Persians under Ataxerxes Ill in 343 B.C.E.
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decree of Ptolemy IV)Iinscribed in 196 B.C
OF GODS AND MEN:
EGYPT’S OLD KINGDOM
Wayne B. Chandler
And, I say unto you, that through the inspirational writings
of him who is my word unto the nations, shot! tlte land of
Khem be caused to give forth those secrets to mankind
which 1 shall cause to be hidden there . .
Osiris, The Book of Truth
In this chapter! hope to demonstrate that the origin of the civilization ofEgypt
(Khem) was black African, specifically Ethiopian or Anti. In order to understand
the progression of events which I hope wilt lead us to the revision of Egypt’s
history, I wilt give an overview of archaeology in Egypt. In orderfor the reader
to fully appreciate the achievements of Egyptian civilization, I will summarize
the notable accomplishments of the early Egyptians.
For centuries, countries too numerous to mention have competed for the right
to lay c)aim to Egypt, the birthplace of science, philosophy, art, and yes, the
very genesis of civilization as we know it. Those origins which have become
most popular over the centuries are India, Sumeria, Mesopotamia, and Arabia.
Ironically, with the advent of the archaeologist, the historical perspectives be
came even more confusing. For this pioneering school, trying to solve the ar
chaic mysteries of this culture became more a cause of frustration than a source
of adventure. Too often were archaeologists confronted with pieces of a puzzle
that did not seem to fit. In what finally became an historical frenzy to make sense
of data accumulated from temple, tomb, and terrain, archaeologists committed
the cardinal sin of sanding square pegs so they might fit into round holes.
Personal bias and racial prejudice prevented most of these scientists, many of
whom were great scholars, from seeing the obvious—that Egypt was born a ...
9th-Social-Science-Book-Back-Full-One-Mark-Questions-2022-2023-English-Medium...
This document contains a practice question and answer guide for 9th standard Social Science in Tamil Nadu. It covers three sections - Evolution of Humans and Society in the Prehistoric Period, Ancient Civilizations, and Early Tamil Society and Culture.
The prehistory section contains multiple choice, fill in the blank, and matching questions about human evolution and tools from the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. The ancient civilizations section similarly tests knowledge about early Sumerian, Egyptian, Indus Valley, Chinese and Mesopotamian societies through their writing systems, laws, and important figures.
Finally, the early Tamil society section poses multiple choice questions regarding the Sangam age script, Sri Lank
The Ancient Egypt
Egypt grew around the Nile River, which flooded annually and provided fertile land. Egypt was divided into Upper and Lower Egypt. Around 3100 BC, King Menes unified Egypt and began the Egyptian civilization. Egypt was then divided into four historical periods: the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms and the Late Period. Egyptian society was divided into privileged and non-privileged classes. The economy relied on agriculture along the Nile. Egyptians had advances in mathematics, astronomy, and built temples and tombs decorated with paintings and sculpture.
The Ancient Greece
1. Ancient Greece developed along the coasts and islands of the Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor, characterized by proximity to the sea, mountainous terrain, and numerous islands.
2. Greek civilization evolved from pre-Hellenic cultures like the Minoans and Mycenaeans, followed by the Archaic period marked by the rise of city-states (poleis) like Athens and Sparta. During the Classical period, Athens and Sparta grew powerful but rivalry led to the Peloponnesian War, weakening the poleis.
3. Alexander the Great then conquered the Persian Empire and established Hellenistic kingdoms across Western Asia and Egypt, spreading Greek culture widely.
The ancient Egypt
1. Ancient Egypt grew around the Nile River, which flooded annually and provided fertile land. Egypt was divided into Upper and Lower Egypt.
2. Around 3100 BC, King Menes unified Upper and Lower Egypt, beginning Egypt's civilization. Major periods included the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. The pharaoh ruled as both political and religious leader.
3. Egyptian society was divided into classes like nobles, merchants, and peasants. Agriculture along the Nile supported the economy, while arts, mathematics, and religion also flourished under important gods like Ra, Osiris, and Horus.
Ancient Greek Essay
Ancient Greece Essay
Ancient Greek Art
Ancient Greek Influences Essay
Ancient Greek History Essay example
Ancient Greek Essay
Ancient Greek Belief
Ancient Greek Essay
Ancient Greece Essay
Ancient Greek Art
Ancient Greek Influences Essay
Ancient Greek History Essay example
Ancient Greek Essay
Ancient Greek Belief
INTRODUCING THE WESTERN AND CLASSICAL ART TRADITIONS Grade-9-LLM-2-ARTS.ppt
INTRODUCING THE WESTERN AND CLASSICAL ART TRADITIONS
Content Standards:
• The learner uses art elements and processes by synthesizing and applying prior knowledge and skills
• The learner understands arts as integral to the development of organizations, spiritual belief, historical events, scientific discoveries, natural disasters/ occurrences
Performance Standards:
• The learner perform / participate competently in a presentation of a creative impression (verbal/nonverbal) of a particular artistic period
• The learner recognize the difference and uniqueness of the art styles of the different periods (techniques, process, elements, and principles of art)
Does Archaeology Disprove the Bible?
Does modern Archaeology lend criticism to the narrative laid out in the Old and New Testament?
Is there any good historical evidence that the Biblical characters even existed?
Watch and decide for yourself...
For more resources or information go to: IntelligentFaith315.com or subscribe to "Intelligent Faith Radio" in the iTunes store.
Historical dictionary of Аncient Egypt
Historical Dictionary of Ancient Egypt was the first volume in the Historical Dictionaries of Ancient Civilizations and Historical Eras series, and now it is the first to be expanded and updated. This is quite fitting
because while the Egyptian civilization is not the oldest, it is certainly the grandest. It stands out for the vast area it covered, the amazing span of its history, and the exceptional works of art and architecture it left behind.
The Egyptian civilization is also one of the most topical of the ancient cultures, its achievements studied in classrooms around the globe, major events—or simulations thereof—conveyed in movies and operas,
and its vestiges still visited by countless millions of people every year, whether in present-day Egypt or dozens of museums. There are indeed few who do not recognize the pyramids and the Sphinx, Luxor and the Valley of the Kings, and Tutankhamun and Cleopatra.
This series of historical dictionaries, like the others, provides information on significant people, places, and events. In this second edition, both the old and new eras of achievement are presented. Entries provide information on ancient kings and queens, generals and workmen, as
well as the archaeologists who brought these important figures to light and the sites that display them. The book also covers such broader subjects as art, language, and religion and aspects of architecture and historical periods. The volume is supported by a chronology of key events, an introduction that places the significant happenings in context, and appendixes containing a dynastic list and museums with Egyptian collections.
The extensive bibliography, carefully structured by subject,
leads the reader to additional authoritative sources. While this second edition resembles the first, it has been substantially expanded with many new entries and updated with the latest research.
Egypt civilization
The document provides an overview of ancient Egyptian civilization, with a focus on architecture and tombs. It describes how the Egyptians built monumental structures like pyramids, temples and palaces out of stone. The earliest royal tombs were mastabas built at Abydos, followed by stepped pyramids and later the famous large smooth-sided pyramids at Giza. To prevent robbery, later kings built hidden tombs cut into the cliffs in the Valley of the Kings. The document discusses theories for how pyramids were constructed using primitive tools and large workforces, and provides pictures of Egyptian architectural sites.
3b the government of ancient civilizations
The document discusses early civilizations and their political, social, and economic characteristics. It notes that the earliest civilizations developed along river valleys in Mesopotamia and Egypt due to water and fertile soil for agriculture. It discusses important finds like the Rosetta Stone that helped scholars translate hieroglyphics. Political structures included hereditary rulers like dynasties and kings. Economically, metal tools and trade increased surpluses and specialization. Early states organized the first governments and legal codes.
Egypt
Ancient Egypt emerged along the fertile banks of the Nile River around 6,000 years ago. Egyptian society was highly stratified, with the pharaoh as absolute ruler at the top. Common people worked as peasants farming the land or as craftsmen and merchants in cities, while scribes and priests comprised the privileged upper class. Egyptians mummified their dead and built elaborate tombs and temples, leaving behind artifacts that provide insight into their religious and cultural practices today.
Early western civilizations
- Early civilizations arose along river valleys in Mesopotamia and Egypt as early as 3000 BC, developing writing, laws, money, and complex social hierarchies. Many collapsed around 1200 BC.
- Subsequent civilizations included the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Phoenicians, and various Egyptian dynasties. The Phoenicians developed the first alphabet.
- Greek civilization flourished beginning in the 8th century BC. Athens and Sparta rose as powerful city-states, engaging in wars with Persia. Athenian culture and philosophy flourished with figures like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.
- The Romans adopted many aspects of Greek culture while
10. greek civilization
Greek civilization developed in city-states along the coast of the Aegean Sea. Two major city-states were Athens and Sparta, which developed differently. Athens was a center of art, philosophy, and democracy, with structures like the Parthenon and an emphasis on beauty. Sparta focused more on military strength. Greek culture included epics like the Iliad and Odyssey, dramas, philosophy, and athletic competitions like the original Olympic Games. This document provides background on the geography, mythology, architecture, government, arts, and thinkers of ancient Greek civilization.
First year architecture humanities
The document discusses several topics related to prehistoric and ancient Egyptian civilization:
1) It summarizes the importance of studying humanities in architecture, explaining how it enriches understanding of history, culture, and societal development.
2) It describes prehistoric art and architecture, including cave paintings, carved figurines, and the earliest huts and shelters. Megalithic sites like Stonehenge are discussed.
3) Prehistoric dwelling structures like pit houses are explained with examples of different designs.
THE FIRST CIVILISATIONS.pptx
The document provides an overview of the first civilizations including their political organization, society, and emergence of writing. It then summarizes Mesopotamian and ancient Egyptian civilizations. Mesopotamian civilization developed between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and was influenced by Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian peoples. Ancient Egyptian civilization arose in the Nile River valley and was led by pharaohs over its 3000 year history divided into dynastic periods. Key aspects of these civilizations included their religion, art, and architectural monuments like temples, tombs, and pyramids.
The Oxford Companion to Classical Literature
The document provides a preface and list of plates and maps for "The Oxford Companion to Classical Literature" which was compiled and edited by S.P. Harvey. It was published in 1937 by the Clarendon Press in Oxford and aimed to provide convenient information for readers interested in the literatures of Greece and Rome as well as modern European literature containing classical allusions. The preface acknowledges the many sources consulted in preparing the book and thanks those who provided suggestions to improve the work.
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Final ExaminationGED 130 Introduction to Civilization1.docx
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epherites IIhorisKmt.c Dynasty XXX Ca. 378—341 B.C.E.docx
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For Upcoming Meetups Join Mysore Meetup Group - https://meetups.mulesoft.com/mysore/YouTube:- youtube.com/@mulesoftmysore
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Speaker:-
Shivani Yasaswi - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shivaniyasaswi/
Organizers:-
Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Giridhar Meka - https://www.linkedin.com/in/giridharmeka
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Contest
- 1. Social Science 1º Prehistory and Ancient History( Mesopotamia, Egypt, Grecee and Rome)
- 2. Time line
- 4. Australopithecus H.Habilis H.Erectus H Antecessor Neanderthal H. Sapiens Explain the main characteristics of the next species a. Homo b. Habilis c. Erectus. d. Sapiens Atapuerca family
- 6. They used stone tools Prehistory
- 7. Paleolithic Art Scaffolding Torch Preparing paint Cave paintings 1 What animal is represented in the painting? 2 What are the predominant colours that the prehistoric men used? 3 In which area was it painted? 4 What is this type of painting called? 5 Why? 6 Where is this painting found?
- 9. Life in neolithic A Neolithic village Palisade Market garden Barnyard Oven Stock Mud and straw hut
- 10. When did the Neolithic Era began? During the Palaeolithic Era, people were nomads. What were they during the Neolithic Era? Which three activities did people do during the Neolithic age?
- 11. The Metal Ages
- 12. 1) When did the Metal Age begans? a) around 8.000 B.C. b) around 5.000 B.C. c) Around 6.000 B.C. 2) Which was the first metal to appear during the Metal Age? a) bronze b) cooper c) iron 3) What is bronze made of? a) cooper+tin b) cooper+iron c) gold+tin 4) What did metal tools replace? a) stone b) bone c) horn
- 14. Do you remenber what Mesopotamia means Mesopotamia Which present-day countries are in the area where Mesopotamian civilization flourished?
- 15. What did they use to write on the tablet? Why has this document survived for thousands of years? Why are all surviving document so important?
- 17. 1) _________ is a long river which crosses the Egyptian desert from south to north. 2)What was hieroglyphic writing used for? 3) Who deciphered hieroglyphics? 4) What is the Rosetta stone? 5) Where is it now?
- 18. Around 3,000 BC, the Pharaoh ___unified ______ and Lower Egypt. The pharaoh had absolute power over everything. He was like a ____ He was king, high-priest, head of the military and judge. His duty was to maintain order and justice.
- 19. THE RELIGION - Osiris - Ra - Isis - Horus - Thot - Anubis • The sun god. The god of the dead. The goddess of magic. The god of the sky and of war. The god of writing and wisdom. The god of mummification.
- 21. Why are they famous?
- 22. Try and research a pharaoh whose tomb was discovered intact and answer the following questions. 1 What is the pharaoh’s name? 2 What pharaonic symbols can you recognise on the mask? 3 Give examples of other objects found in his tomb
- 23. MUMMIES RAMSÉS II NEFERTITI RAMSÉS III TUTANKAMÓN
- 24. ABU SIMBEL
- 27. TEMPLES
- 28. ESCULPTURES
- 30. -Around which seas did the Greek territories lie? -What was a polis? -Name four large poleis of Ancient Greece. -What did all Greeks have in common?
- 31. 1( The common enemy of all the Greeks poleis was… a) The Persians b) The Etruscan c) The Phoenicians 2) The League of Delos was… a political organ which managed daily affairs a military union to prevent a new Persian invasion a cultural event to worship the god Delos.
- 32. The Greek myths arose from the Greeks need to explain and understand the origin of the world which surrounded them and the existence of man. They describe the adventures of the Greek gods and heroes. Greek mythology is the collected body of these myths.
- 38. A B The evolution C
- 40. ROME
- 44. Where are these buildings in our city?