Educators must carefully plan the order in which content is taught, building upon students' existing knowledge for effective learning throughout the course. This sequence, established before the course begins, ensures a smooth progression of learning experiences. By organizing content and activities in a logical order, educators create a continuous and cumulative learning journey. This hierarchical structure can be based on either the logical flow of the subject matter or the developmental stages observed in students' cognitive, emotional, and physical growth.

1. content and
Teaching
Strategies

2. HORIZONTAL ORGANIZATION
Horizontal organization in curriculum refers to how subjects or topics are
arranged to be taught at the same time, like in the same grade or semester. It's
about deciding what to teach and how much to cover. When deciding what to
include, educators consider what knowledge and skills are most important,
taking into account different perspectives. With technology, there's less focus
on memorizing facts and more on learning how to find and use information,
think critically, and be creative. Curriculum also aims to build students' self-
esteem, sense of responsibility, and can include values and ethics. Balancing
between covering a lot of topics superficially and going deep into fewer topics is
important. Prioritizing understanding why things happen over just knowing what
happened helps achieve this balance.

3. VERTICAL ORGANIZATION
A vertical curriculum connects learning from one lesson to the next
throughout a program of study, building upon and reinforcing skills
and knowledge over time. It emphasizes a structured and progressive
approach, aiming to develop and advance skills and knowledge
systematically throughout the entire program..

4. DIMENSIONS OF CURRICULUM
▪ Scope
▪ Sequence
▪ Continuity
▪ Balance

5. SCOPE
The curriculum's scope covers the wide range and depth of skills
and knowledge outlined in the Head Start Early Learning Outcomes
Framework (ELOF), ensuring a thorough and engaging learning
journey. By organizing learning experiences in a structured
sequence, educators can effectively support children's development
at various levels. This approach provides educators with the
flexibility to adapt to the needs of individual children, including those
with diverse backgrounds or special needs, while also facilitating
clear communication with families and other partners in education.

6. SEQUENCE
● The sequence in which content is presented, building upon prior
knowledge for optimal learning throughout the course, must be
determined by educators before the course commences to ensure
effectiveness. This vertical relationship between elements ensures a
continuous and cumulative learning experience. The content and
experiences are structured hierarchically, based on either the logical
progression of the subject matter or the developmental patterns observed
in the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains..

7. FOUR PRINCIPLES FOR SEQUENCE
● Simple to Complex Learning
● Prerequisite Learning
● Whole to Part Learning
● Chronological learning

8. FOUR PRINCIPLES FOR SEQUENCE (CONTINUE)
● Simple to Complex Learning: Learning starts with basic concepts and
gradually progresses to more advanced ones, moving from concrete
and straightforward ideas to abstract and complex ones.
● Prerequisite Learning: emphasizes the importance of mastering
fundamental concepts or skills before progressing to more advanced
topics.
● Whole to Part Learning: It involves providing an overview or big
picture perspective before delving into specific details or components.
● Chronological learning: sequences content based on events, helping
learners understand concepts in historical or temporal context.

9. CONTINUITY
● It is vertical repetition of curriculum components.
● Concepts and skills, such as reading, need repeated exposure to
deepen understanding. Learning progresses in a spiral manner,
where ideas are revisited and expanded upon as learners advance,
increasing in complexity and breadth. For instance, reading skills
require continuous practice and development to grow.

10. BALANCE
● In curriculum design, educators work towards creating a balanced
learning plan where students not only learn but also apply
knowledge to grow personally, socially, and intellectually. This
approach is essential for developing well-rounded individuals who
can contribute effectively to society, although it can be challenging
to achieve..