6. Bricks
• Materials used to construct a building, house or any other thing.
• Following are some of the major materials used in construction.
Construction Materials
Cement Glass
Wood Metals Paints
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7. Lime
• The word “lime” refers to products
derived from heating limestone.
• The word "lime" originates with its
earliest use as building mortar and has
the sense of "sticking or adhering“
• The rocks and minerals from which
these materials are derived, typically
limestone or chalk, are composed
primarily of calcium carbonate (CaCO3).
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Quick Lime (CaO)
Pure lime, generally called quick lime, is a white oxide of calcium. Much
of commercial quick lime, however, contains more or less magnesium oxide, which gives the product
a brownish or grayish tinge. Quick lime is the lime obtained after the calcination of limestone. It is
also called caustic lime. It is capable of slaking with water and has no affinity for carbonic acid. The
specific gravity of pure lime is about 3.40.
Fat Lime
has high calcium oxide component and, sets and hardens by the absorption of CO2 from
atmosphere. These are manufactured by burning marble, white chalk, calcareous tufa, pure lime
stone, sea shell and coral.
Hydraulic Lime
contains small quantities of silica, alumina, iron oxide in chemical combination
with calcium oxide component. These are produced from carboniferous limestones and magnesian
limestone. It has the property to set and harden under water.
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Calcination
is used to mean a thermal treatment process in the absence or limited supply of
air or oxygen applied to ores and other solid materials to bring about a thermal decomposition. A
calciner is a steel cylinder that rotates inside a heated furnace and performs indirect high-
temperature processing (550-1150 °C, or 1000-2100 °F) within a controlled atmosphere.
Lump Lime
is the quick-lime coming out of the kilns.
Milk Lime
is a thin pourable solution of slaked lime in water.
Hydrated Lime
When quick lime is finely crushed, slaked with a minimum amount of water,
and screened or ground to form a fine homogeneous powder the product is called hydrated
lime.
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10. Lime Production
When limestone (calcium carbonate) is heated, at
about 1000 °C it undergoes thermal
decomposition. It loses carbon dioxide and turns
into quicklime (calcium oxide).
The reaction is carried out in specially constructed
lime kilns(a kiln is a high temperature oven).
Limestone is added at the top
and quicklime is removed from the bottom in
a continuous process.
The Lime Cycle
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Uses of Lime
• Lime has been used in building techniques for over
5,000 years. Archaeological evidence shows it to
have been in existence for this time frame due to its
resilience, durability, and water resistant qualities.
• The Romans used lime extensively in their building
program in Britain, and refined its application into
mortars and plasters, which remained the principal
surface finish for buildings until the nineteenth
century, when cements took over this function. For
this reason, many historic buildings in the UK contain
large amounts of lime within their fabric
• Also used for pointing and plastering.
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