Consenting to Research
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The document discusses how individuals lack control over their genetic and health data and how that data could be obtained by anyone in the future. It notes that data needs to be turned into knowledge and wisdom. The emerging infrastructure for research does not yet support patient engagement. The wish list calls for reducing uncertainty, creating incentives and training for new consent models, and guidelines and funding for using anonymized data to research under safe harbor conditions with consent.
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1. Responded to message below. Should be at least 250 words. Respons
1. Responded to message below. Should be at least 250 words. Responses should be informative and contribute to advancing knowledge of the topic. Include at least 2 APA-cited references.
Frank, Greitzer & Holimer (2011) makes powerful augments about the difficulties surrounding the trail before the fact. I agree with them. It really is difficult to determine if threats are bogus and if they should be taken seriously. However, once a threat is made it must be taken seriously and that it is highly possible for the individual to carry out their plan. It is also difficult to know the individual’s state of mind or if the individual has psychological issues. Frank, Greitzer & Holimer (2011) states, “there are several factors that should taken into consideration regarding picking up the trail before the fact, (a) the lack of sufficient real-world data that has “ground truth” adequate scientific verification and validate of proposed solutions; (b) the difficulty in distinguishing between malicious insider behavior and what can be described as normal or legitimate behavior (c) the potential quantity of data, and the resultant number of "associations" or relationships that may emerge produce enormous scalability challenges; and (d) despite ample evidence suggesting that in a preponderance of cases, the perpetrator exhibited observable ‘concerning behaviors’. All threats should be taken into account and noted as warning signals and reported to the proper authorities.
Sometimes the most damage is done by individuals who had a personal insight into the company or one who became disgruntled. They know the outs an ins of the organization and how to cause the most damage. I also agree that the methods and skills of the perpetrators have changed in recent years. With all of the new technology, the generations have become wiser and smarter. Therefore, all threats should be observed.
2. Responded to message below. Should be at least 250 words. Responses should be informative and contribute to advancing knowledge of the topic. Include at least 2 APA-cited references.
What Frank, Greitzer & Hohimer (2011) argue about difficulties of picking up the trail before the fact, in order to provide time to intervene and prevent an insider cyber attack?
I agree with Greitzer and Hohimer that insider threat is a serious concern for cyber security that has to be addressed successfully. Unfortunately this is much easier said than done. The nature of insider threat makes it very difficult to detect and as Grietzer and Hohimer (2011) point out, there is a lack of real world data, it is difficult to differentiate between normal and abnormal behavior, there would be scalability challenges in data collected and no one has really decided to tackle this issue with technology yet (p.27). This means that devising a way to identify an insider threat prior to that insider launching an attack is a task that will not be easy to complete. That doesn’t mean that this is not a g ...
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1. Responded to message below. Should be at least 250 words. Respons
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Frank, Greitzer & Holimer (2011) makes powerful augments about the difficulties surrounding the trail before the fact. I agree with them. It really is difficult to determine if threats are bogus and if they should be taken seriously. However, once a threat is made it must be taken seriously and that it is highly possible for the individual to carry out their plan. It is also difficult to know the individual’s state of mind or if the individual has psychological issues. Frank, Greitzer & Holimer (2011) states, “there are several factors that should taken into consideration regarding picking up the trail before the fact, (a) the lack of sufficient real-world data that has “ground truth” adequate scientific verification and validate of proposed solutions; (b) the difficulty in distinguishing between malicious insider behavior and what can be described as normal or legitimate behavior (c) the potential quantity of data, and the resultant number of "associations" or relationships that may emerge produce enormous scalability challenges; and (d) despite ample evidence suggesting that in a preponderance of cases, the perpetrator exhibited observable ‘concerning behaviors’. All threats should be taken into account and noted as warning signals and reported to the proper authorities.
Sometimes the most damage is done by individuals who had a personal insight into the company or one who became disgruntled. They know the outs an ins of the organization and how to cause the most damage. I also agree that the methods and skills of the perpetrators have changed in recent years. With all of the new technology, the generations have become wiser and smarter. Therefore, all threats should be observed.
2. Responded to message below. Should be at least 250 words. Responses should be informative and contribute to advancing knowledge of the topic. Include at least 2 APA-cited references.
What Frank, Greitzer & Hohimer (2011) argue about difficulties of picking up the trail before the fact, in order to provide time to intervene and prevent an insider cyber attack?
I agree with Greitzer and Hohimer that insider threat is a serious concern for cyber security that has to be addressed successfully. Unfortunately this is much easier said than done. The nature of insider threat makes it very difficult to detect and as Grietzer and Hohimer (2011) point out, there is a lack of real world data, it is difficult to differentiate between normal and abnormal behavior, there would be scalability challenges in data collected and no one has really decided to tackle this issue with technology yet (p.27). This means that devising a way to identify an insider threat prior to that insider launching an attack is a task that will not be easy to complete. That doesn’t mean that this is not a g ...
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Running Head: DATA BREACH 1
DATA BREACH 9
Data Breach Research Proposal
Introduction
In the present world, there has been a series of technological advancements especially in this era of digital migration where everybody is using technology. However, a lot of people do not realize that there are problems that arise as technological changes continue happening. One of the biggest challenge faced in the technological environment is data breaching. This refers to incidences where an individual’s private and confidential information is accessed by unauthorized individuals. Due to diverse lack of technological knowhow, a lot of people and organizations have become victims as occurrences of these data breaches rise each day. In the last two years at least 258,000 organizations has fallen as an estimate of about 3.9 million individuals from different parts of the world has been robbed as a result of data breaches (Ayyagari, 2012).
Clearly, the victim figure above emphasizes the need to come up with a solution to the data breaches more than ever before. The motivation behind carrying out the author’s my proposed research is the rapid changes in the world of technology thatwhich does not match the rate at which a big population adjusts along with the technological changes. This makes them vulnerable to more and more data breaches every day if something is not done. I believe that creating awareness concerning how to be data secure will greatly impact the world positively through reducing the data breaches occurrences.
In my research, I look forward to investigating a number of issues as far as data breaches are concerned. The issues include:
· Causes of data breaches.
· How the data breaches are done.
·
Solution
s to data breaches.
Importance of the proposed research.
With the continual technological advancements, I believe that if a large population of people as well as organizations that make use of technology to store their confidential data get to know all about these issues as well as how to combat data breaches, then the world would be a peaceful place to live in. it will also give room for further technological advancements as the more data secure people will be more willing to embrace the changes.
Literature review
“Meyer, C. H., & Matyas, S. M. (1982). CRYPTOGRAPHY: A new dimension in computer data security: A guide for the design and implementation of secure systems. Wiley.”Comment by Herbert Kemp: I assume the final lit review will be longer….
My theoretical framework
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RachelWhat supporting content does Dr. Koonjbearry provide.docx
Rachel
What supporting content does Dr. Koonjbearry provide to justify his position?
Dr. Koonibearry mentioned the reason why it will get worse before it will get better is because he explains how data was never designed to be a secured network. Now, that our world of businesses and transactions (that deals with sensitive information all over the internet) relies so much on the internet. Since we, in many parts of the world rely on the internet in exchange for information I think Dr. Koonibeary is sensing since our technology has been progressively growing as well as those who are able to cut through security (such as hackers) from information systems is also still finding innovations on ways to help make systems more protective in the security realm. It is almost like, since security has been an issue when it comes down to sensitive information but yet so are the ideas to create a more protective way to announce your identity. Voice recognition is a good source of identity; we all have different sound and tones in our voices. So yes, it seems as though the reason why it gets worse is because all the kinks are still being configured in order to find out the best ways to be able to transfer data securely and to be able to keep up with the hackers’ next scheming move.
Our Instructor Guidance highlights security breach predictions provided by the Experian data breach. Are these predictions in agreement with Dr. Koonjbearry’s position?
In Dr. Koonibearry’s view he suggests in order to dodge such breaches that the CIA Triad must be applied. I am not sure if Experian, a business I thought as one of the most trustworthy companies would even think about selling information off to another country or why they would want to sell personal information about people to fraudulent people. McCarthy shared, “The worst data breach in U.S. history happened when Experian -owned Court Ventures sold information directly to a Vietnamese fraudster service” (McCarthy, 2014). I am just still confused why Experian would do such a bad and shallow business move to their customers. I think the predictions Dr. Koonibearry are positive and I agree that companies need to be more shielding to be able to handle congenital information from people’s personal data. After doing research I found out how Experian was caught off guard by someone disguised as a private investigator and Experian fell for it. According to that research, “the proprietors of Superget.info had gained access to Experian’s databases by posing as a U.S.-based private investigator” (Krebs, 2014). Experian made it far too easy for this Imposter to take information. I know after this breach happened, many people feel not likely to trust Experian with such personal data even if Experian is claiming they now only offer via device intelligence as verification.
Are these predictions in agreement with Dr. Koonjbearry’s position?
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Running head Ethical concerns in ComputingEthical concerns in C.docx
Running head: Ethical concerns in Computing
Ethical concerns in Computing
EVERY PARAGRAGH IN THIS IS PRETTY MUCH PLAGIRISAM (AT LEAST EVERY OTHER SENTENANCE)
Ethical concerns in Computing
Name
Course
Tutor
Date
Ethical concerns in Computing
Given its always changing nature, the field of computing is one that is hard to assign a particular arrangement of ethical codes, in spite of the fact that it is fundamental that ethics should be considered while settling on choices here. Computing makes a radical new arrangement of moral issues, special unto itself. Such issues include the unapproved utilization of hardware, the robbery of software, questioned rights to items, computer fraud, the marvel of hacking and information theft, harm due to computer viruses, obligation regarding the unwavering quality of yield, making false claims for PCs, and the corruption of work (Christensson, 2006).
In the first place, it appears that there are four major territories of computer ethics. They are:
1. Computer crime
2. Responsibility for computer failure
3. Protection of computer property, records, and software
4. Privacy of the company, workers, and customers
Computer Crime
Computer Crime is scholarly, white-collar wrongdoing. Those that carry out such crimes must be sufficiently shrewd to control a PC framework and in such a position to get to it in any case. One case of computer crime is stealing assets usingcomputer. Frequently the most exceedingly bad that can happen to such a thief is, to the point that he/she is just required to give back the stolen cash. Ordinarily that individual will be terminated, expecting he/she is a worker, yet might be immediately procured by a contender on account of his/her expertise. This makesno obstacle to conferring computer crime becauselawful action is not regularly made against the culprit (Davies, 2013).
Practical examples of ethical concerns in computer crime
Another illustration is unapproved computer entry. In entering a computer unauthorized, the culprit can take an organization's trade formulas and information. Such a wrongdoing could be committed by a worker expecting to sell such secrets to a competitor or by an outside source needing to take such privileged insights to advance his/her own prosperity. This crime includes both an intrusion of property and security furthermore compromising the computer framework itself (Davies, 2013).
This crime obliges the thought of hacking. Hacking refers to any computer related activity which is not endorsed or affirmed of by a business or proprietor of a network or system. Such an action manages the ethical dilemma of who really owns data and who ought to have access to that data. At numerous colleges, Computer Science educators have their students hack into the college's system to demonstrate their expertise and information of PC systems. This represents a genuine ethical dilemma. Given that the students are not creating any damage to the system, is such an activit.
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Running Head: DATA BREACH 1
DATA BREACH 9
Data Breach Research Proposal
Introduction
In the present world, there has been a series of technological advancements especially in this era of digital migration where everybody is using technology. However, a lot of people do not realize that there are problems that arise as technological changes continue happening. One of the biggest challenge faced in the technological environment is data breaching. This refers to incidences where an individual’s private and confidential information is accessed by unauthorized individuals. Due to diverse lack of technological knowhow, a lot of people and organizations have become victims as occurrences of these data breaches rise each day. In the last two years at least 258,000 organizations has fallen as an estimate of about 3.9 million individuals from different parts of the world has been robbed as a result of data breaches (Ayyagari, 2012).
Clearly, the victim figure above emphasizes the need to come up with a solution to the data breaches more than ever before. The motivation behind carrying out the author’s my proposed research is the rapid changes in the world of technology thatwhich does not match the rate at which a big population adjusts along with the technological changes. This makes them vulnerable to more and more data breaches every day if something is not done. I believe that creating awareness concerning how to be data secure will greatly impact the world positively through reducing the data breaches occurrences.
In my research, I look forward to investigating a number of issues as far as data breaches are concerned. The issues include:
· Causes of data breaches.
· How the data breaches are done.
·
Solution
s to data breaches.
Importance of the proposed research.
With the continual technological advancements, I believe that if a large population of people as well as organizations that make use of technology to store their confidential data get to know all about these issues as well as how to combat data breaches, then the world would be a peaceful place to live in. it will also give room for further technological advancements as the more data secure people will be more willing to embrace the changes.
Literature review
“Meyer, C. H., & Matyas, S. M. (1982). CRYPTOGRAPHY: A new dimension in computer data security: A guide for the design and implementation of secure systems. Wiley.”Comment by Herbert Kemp: I assume the final lit review will be longer….
My theoretical framework
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One of the causes of data breaches is cyber-attacks. This has been the leading data security threat over the last two years. This refers to a situation whereby an individual- cybercriminal- accesses an organization’s data and uses it for malicious gains whether for fun, for financial gains or even for undercover activities such as spying.
Another cause of data br.
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While making judgments and decisions about the world around us, we like to think that we are Objective,Logical, and
Capable of taking in and evaluating all the information that is available to us.
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riddled with errors and influenced by a wide variety of biases.
The human brain is both remarkable and powerful, but certainly subject to limitations.
One type of fundamental limitation on human thinking is known as a cognitive bias.
Module 6 DiscussionIntroductionData ethics is a branch of ethics.pdf
Module 6 Discussion
Introduction
Data ethics is a branch of ethics that evaluates data practicescollecting, generating, analyzing and
disseminating data, both structured and unstructuredthat have the potential to adversely impact
people and society. However, the use of social media data raises several crucial ethical issues
around the areas of informed consent, anonymity and profiling of individuals. Social networking
platforms, mobile phone technology, and ubiquitous data-gathering software have become
enmeshed with daily life for most people in developed, western nations (HASTAC.orgLinks to
an external site., 2013). Because of this, we have seemingly grown comfortable to the point of
sharing our personal identities, habits, and attitudes with companies in exchange for "free" or
customized services and benefits (Carey and Burkell, 2009). However, with recent news events
about the National Security Agency's position on collecting data from Internet companies, along
with the events surrounding NSA whistleblower Edward Snowden (and the subsequent media
frenzy), the problematic nature of "dataveillance," or the surveillance of the aforementioned
archives of data, becomes apparent. Use the Internet to further research the terms data ethics and
dataveillance.
Directions
Answer the following questions:
Why do we need to worry about dataveillance on a personal and professional level?
Is there anything more productive we can do to protect our privacy and still take advantage of all
of the opportunities in today's digital age?.
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Innovative opportunities, such as genomic research and the Internet of Things, are better able to achieve their enormous market potential by diminishing expenses, time-spent and data loss from current de-identification and data minimization practices. By addressing the concerns of governmental organizations charged with protecting the rights of data subjects with new technology controls, organizations can save money and conduct better research while minimizing out-of-pocket and opportunity costs associated with data privacy.
The Anonos approach avoids the pitfalls of both full and zero privacy environments. Full privacy leads to lack of data, an unclear picture and no personalized experiences for the data subjects while zero privacy actually reduces the value of data because it does not eliminate anyone or anything, leaving too many choices and “noisy” data while exposing data subjects to potential discrimination and harm.
RachelWhat supporting content does Dr. Koonjbearry provide.docx
Rachel
What supporting content does Dr. Koonjbearry provide to justify his position?
Dr. Koonibearry mentioned the reason why it will get worse before it will get better is because he explains how data was never designed to be a secured network. Now, that our world of businesses and transactions (that deals with sensitive information all over the internet) relies so much on the internet. Since we, in many parts of the world rely on the internet in exchange for information I think Dr. Koonibeary is sensing since our technology has been progressively growing as well as those who are able to cut through security (such as hackers) from information systems is also still finding innovations on ways to help make systems more protective in the security realm. It is almost like, since security has been an issue when it comes down to sensitive information but yet so are the ideas to create a more protective way to announce your identity. Voice recognition is a good source of identity; we all have different sound and tones in our voices. So yes, it seems as though the reason why it gets worse is because all the kinks are still being configured in order to find out the best ways to be able to transfer data securely and to be able to keep up with the hackers’ next scheming move.
Our Instructor Guidance highlights security breach predictions provided by the Experian data breach. Are these predictions in agreement with Dr. Koonjbearry’s position?
In Dr. Koonibearry’s view he suggests in order to dodge such breaches that the CIA Triad must be applied. I am not sure if Experian, a business I thought as one of the most trustworthy companies would even think about selling information off to another country or why they would want to sell personal information about people to fraudulent people. McCarthy shared, “The worst data breach in U.S. history happened when Experian -owned Court Ventures sold information directly to a Vietnamese fraudster service” (McCarthy, 2014). I am just still confused why Experian would do such a bad and shallow business move to their customers. I think the predictions Dr. Koonibearry are positive and I agree that companies need to be more shielding to be able to handle congenital information from people’s personal data. After doing research I found out how Experian was caught off guard by someone disguised as a private investigator and Experian fell for it. According to that research, “the proprietors of Superget.info had gained access to Experian’s databases by posing as a U.S.-based private investigator” (Krebs, 2014). Experian made it far too easy for this Imposter to take information. I know after this breach happened, many people feel not likely to trust Experian with such personal data even if Experian is claiming they now only offer via device intelligence as verification.
Are these predictions in agreement with Dr. Koonjbearry’s position?
I do think that Dr Koonsbearry predictions are on the right path of developing a more ...
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Ethics lecture at Russell Sage Foundation Summer Institute for Social Science Genomics, June 12, 2017, Santa Barbara.
SXSW 2012 - Big Data Conversation
Ryan, Director of Digital Production engages in a conversation around Big Data.
Technological progress: blessing or curse? (2012)
Talk on the ethics technological progress given to ITT@POLIMI on November 21, 2012.
Multilevel Privacy Preserving by Linear and Non Linear Data Distortion
http://iosrjournals.org/iosr-jce/pages/v14i5.html
Running head Ethical concerns in ComputingEthical concerns in C.docx
Running head: Ethical concerns in Computing
Ethical concerns in Computing
EVERY PARAGRAGH IN THIS IS PRETTY MUCH PLAGIRISAM (AT LEAST EVERY OTHER SENTENANCE)
Ethical concerns in Computing
Name
Course
Tutor
Date
Ethical concerns in Computing
Given its always changing nature, the field of computing is one that is hard to assign a particular arrangement of ethical codes, in spite of the fact that it is fundamental that ethics should be considered while settling on choices here. Computing makes a radical new arrangement of moral issues, special unto itself. Such issues include the unapproved utilization of hardware, the robbery of software, questioned rights to items, computer fraud, the marvel of hacking and information theft, harm due to computer viruses, obligation regarding the unwavering quality of yield, making false claims for PCs, and the corruption of work (Christensson, 2006).
In the first place, it appears that there are four major territories of computer ethics. They are:
1. Computer crime
2. Responsibility for computer failure
3. Protection of computer property, records, and software
4. Privacy of the company, workers, and customers
Computer Crime
Computer Crime is scholarly, white-collar wrongdoing. Those that carry out such crimes must be sufficiently shrewd to control a PC framework and in such a position to get to it in any case. One case of computer crime is stealing assets usingcomputer. Frequently the most exceedingly bad that can happen to such a thief is, to the point that he/she is just required to give back the stolen cash. Ordinarily that individual will be terminated, expecting he/she is a worker, yet might be immediately procured by a contender on account of his/her expertise. This makesno obstacle to conferring computer crime becauselawful action is not regularly made against the culprit (Davies, 2013).
Practical examples of ethical concerns in computer crime
Another illustration is unapproved computer entry. In entering a computer unauthorized, the culprit can take an organization's trade formulas and information. Such a wrongdoing could be committed by a worker expecting to sell such secrets to a competitor or by an outside source needing to take such privileged insights to advance his/her own prosperity. This crime includes both an intrusion of property and security furthermore compromising the computer framework itself (Davies, 2013).
This crime obliges the thought of hacking. Hacking refers to any computer related activity which is not endorsed or affirmed of by a business or proprietor of a network or system. Such an action manages the ethical dilemma of who really owns data and who ought to have access to that data. At numerous colleges, Computer Science educators have their students hack into the college's system to demonstrate their expertise and information of PC systems. This represents a genuine ethical dilemma. Given that the students are not creating any damage to the system, is such an activit.
Big Data & Privacy -- Response to White House OSTP
Big data has huge implications for privacy, as summarized in our commentary below:
Both the government and third parties have the potential to collect extensive (sometimes exhaustive), fine grained, continuous, and identifiable records of a person’s location, movement history, associations and interactions with others, behavior, speech, communications, physical and medical conditions, commercial transactions, etc. Such “big data” has the ability to be used in a wide variety of ways, both positive and negative. Examples of potential applications include improving government and organizational transparency and accountability, advancing research and scientific knowledge, enabling businesses to better serve their customers, allowing systematic commercial and non-commercial manipulation, fostering pervasive discrimination, and surveilling public and private spheres.
On January 23, 2014, President Obama asked John Podesta to develop in 90 days, a 'comprehensive review' on big data and privacy.
This lead to a series of workshop on big data and technology at MIT, and on social cultural & ethical dimensions at NYU, with a third planned to discuss legal issues at Berkeley. A number of colleagues from our Privacy Tools for Research project and from the BigData@CSAIL projects have contributed to these workshops and raised many thoughtful issues (and the workshop sessions are online and well worth watching).
My colleagues at the Berkman Center, David O'Brien, Alexandra Woods, Salil Vadhan and I have submitted responses to these questions that outline a broad, comprehensive, and systematic framework for analyzing these types of questions and taxonomize a variety of modern technological, statistical, and cryptographic approaches to simultaneously providing privacy and utility. This comment is made on behalf of the Privacy Tools for Research Project, of which we are a part, and has benefitted from extensive commentary by the other project collaborators.
Big Data Ethics Cjbe july 2021
There has been very little analysis of big data ethics from an Ignatian or Catholic Social Thought point of view. The Jesuit tradition, with its focus on persons and community, as well as the CST tradition, certainly provides some direction for navigating these difficult Big Data questions.
Designing Effective Science Communication
Slides from Mad*Pow webinar
Presented on 8/26
https://www.madpow.com/insights/2020/5/designing-science-communication
Ethics and Data
An introduction to the topic of ethics and big data ending with questions about how to teach data journalists. Part of the Berkman Center for Internet & Society's Study group "Teaching Data Storytelling for Civic Impact".
Managing Confidential Information – Trends and Approaches
Personal information is ubiquitous and it is becoming increasingly easy to link information to individuals. Laws, regulations and policies governing information privacy are complex, but most intervene through either access or anonymization at the time of data publication.
Trends in information collection and management -- cloud storage, "big" data, and debates about the right to limit access to published but personal information complicate data management, and make traditional approaches to managing confidential data decreasingly effective.
This session presented as part of the the Program on Information Science seminar series, examines trends information privacy. And the session will also discuss emerging approaches and research around managing confidential research information throughout its lifecycle.
Data set Legislation
The objective of this module is to gain an overview of the ethics surrounding big data and the legislation that governs it.
Upon completion of this module you will:
- Gain knowledge on how to recognize the necessity of regulating big data
- Obtain an understanding of the difference between privacy and data protection
- Understand the need to implement data protection actions into your own business
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Consenting to Research
- 1. consenting to research presentation to the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues San Francisco, CA USA 2/2/2012
- 2. “Privacy is about context, social situations, and control.” - danah boyd
- 3. 1. We are going to get our [genetic, health] data, one way or another.
- 4. but we often lack agency to decide what is done with data about us…
- 9. (we are also going to talk about it)
- 16. in the future, anyone who wants a copy of your genome will probably be able to get it.
- 17. 2. data > information > knowledge > wisdom
- 24. how do we ensure our data gets turned into knowledge?
- 26. 3. the infrastructure is just emerging.
- 27. “technology doesn’t support patient engagement”
- 32. my wish list • Remove uncertainty, create incentives, training • Safe harbor for IRB-approved experimentation with new models for consent (i.e. portable, fully identified, etc) • Clear guidelines that harm lies in the act of reidentification, not act of distributing data with risk of reidentification (as long as done under safe harbor with consent) • Matching grants for infrastructure (inarguable role for government)
Editor's Notes
- control over informationhuman dignityintimacyrestricted accessharm preventionexploitationdiscrimination