This document provides information about conjunctions and subordinate clauses. It defines conjunctions as words that link phrases and clauses, distinguishing between coordinating conjunctions like "and" and "or" and subordinating conjunctions like "because" and "when." Examples are given of sentences containing subordinate clauses introduced by subordinating conjunctions. Students are asked to identify conjunctions in passages and practice rearranging sentences to change the placement of subordinate clauses. Slang, colloquialisms, prefixes, suffixes, and roots are also briefly discussed.

1. ECHOES
ENGLISH 8
By Ms. Mia

2. ABIGAIL MIA Q. SARMIENTO, LPT
• Bachelor of Secondary
Education- Major in English
• Public Speaker
• Event Organizer
• Life group leader
• 4 years in Teaching Field
“LIVE FULLY, DIE EMPTY”
Thy word have I hid in my heart
that I might not sin against thee
-Psalm 119:11

4. What is a conjunction?
A conjunction links two or more words, phrases or clauses together.
There are two main types of conjunctions we use within sentences.
• co-ordinating conjunctions
• subordinating conjunctions

5. •(e.g. and) link two main clauses together as an equal pair to create a compound sentence.
•We usually remember these words using the acronym ‘FANBOYS’.
co-ordinating conjunctions

6. On a white board, name the seven co-ordinating conjunctions.

8. Task : Co-ordinating conjunctions
BUT
AND
OR
BUT
BUT
AND

9. (e.g. when) introduce a subordinate clause.
You can remember some of the most useful subordinating conjunctions by using the acronym
‘AWHITEBUS’
subordinating conjunctions

10. So, how do we use subordinating conjunctions?
Subordinating conjunctions are the first words within a subordinate clause. Subordinate clauses do not make sense on their own.
Subordinate clauses will always have a subject and verb within them, e.g.
after she smiled after Christmas
is a subordinate clause is not a subordinate clause
verb
subject
subordinating
conjunction
Here ‘after’ is being
used as a preposition.

11. On a white board, name the subordinating conjunctions.

13. Can you spot the subordinate
clause and the subordinating
conjunction in this sentence?
Next Steps
The eager pupilssped into schoolwhen the bell
rang.
The eager pupilssped into school when the bell
rang.

14. Can you spot the subordinate clause
and the subordinating conjunction in
this sentence?
Next Steps
Whales give birth to live young
as they are mammals.
Whales give birth to live young
as they are mammals.

15. Can you spot the subordinate clause
and the subordinating conjunction in
this sentence?
Next Steps
The hopeless rugby team lostthe game because
they hadn’ttrained.
The hopeless rugby team lostthe game because
they hadn’ttrained.

16. In the sentences we have looked at so far,
the subordinate clause has always come
after the main clause but watch...
Next Steps
The eager pupils spedinto school when the
bell rang.
When the bell rang, the eager pupils spedinto
school.

17. Subordinating conjunctions can also be used as
the first word in a sentence. When the
subordinate clause comes before the main clause,
make sure you remember to use a comma to
mark where the subordinate clause ends.
Next Steps
When the bell rang, the eager pupils spedinto
school.

18. Next Steps
Can you swap these sentencesaroundso that
the subordinateclause comesbeforethe main
clause?
Don’t forget your commas!
As they are mammals, whales give birth tolive
young.
Whales give birth tolive young as they are
mammals.
The hopeless rugbyteam lost the game because
they hadn’t trained.
Becausethey hadn’t trained, the hopeless rugby
team lost the game.

19. Now, it’s your turn.
Which subordinating conjunction would fit best
at the start of this subordinate clause?
Is there more than one possibility?
Practise Your
Skills
I am sendingyou a letter
I am your biggest fan.

20. Now, it’s your turn.
Which subordinating conjunction would fit best
at the start of this subordinate clause?
Is there more than one possibility?
PractiseYour
Skills
I eat lunch, I am going
to animportantmeeting.

21. Can you spot the subordinating conjunctions in this pieceoftext? Where have they
beenused in these sentences?
Task: Subordinating Conjunction
As he walkedcloser, Cleo could see the crocodilius inthe cave entrance. The beast
was hurriedly eating the remains of itslastunluckyvictim because it was ravenous.
Cleo examined its bright red eyes, huge smoking nostrils andrazor-sharp teeth while
the beastwas occupied. Although Cleo was standingquite a distanceaway, the
terrible stench of the gruesome beastwas stillmaking him feel nauseous.Cleo took a
deep breath before he tiptoedbravely forward. It wastime for battle.
As he walkedcloser, Cleo could see the crocodilius inthe cave entrance. The beast
was hurriedly eating the remains of its last unlucky victim because it was ravenous.
Cleo examined itsbright red eyes, huge smoking nostrils andrazor-sharp teeth while
the beastwas occupied. Although Cleo was standingquite a distanceaway, the
terrible stench of the gruesome beastwas stillmaking him feel nauseous.Cleo took a
deep breath before he tiptoedbravely forward. It was time for battle.

22. Slang and Colloquialism
Slang is an informal language used by a particular
group of people.
Example: LOL , BAE
Colloquialismis an language used in daily
conversations or chat. In addition, it used to
shortening and combining words.
Example: isn’t (is not) we’ll (we will)

23. AFFIXED
WORD
PREFIX ROOT
WORD
SUFFIX
Unwanted un- (not) want -ed
revisit re- (again) visit
unkindness un kind ness