The document outlines various types of connectors in English, including copulative, disjunctive, conditional, concessive, conclusive, continuity, adversative, causal, comparative, and functional connectors, providing definitions and examples for each. Additionally, it describes an experiment conducted to identify an unknown substance, 'farsel juice', based on its melting and boiling points, along with procedural details and observations. Conclusions indicate that despite minor discrepancies in measurements, the unknown's properties aligned closely with those of 'farsel juice' as described in a chemical handbook.

1. Universidad Politécnica Territorial
“José Antonio Anzoátegui”
El Tigre, Estado Anzoátegui
UNIDAD II.
Los tipos de conectores en inglés
 Conectores copulativos. Son los que unen las palabras. El más conocido es AND
(Y). Otros conectores copulativos son las palabras ALSO (ADEMÁS), TOO
(TAMBIÉN), AS (TANTO, TANTO COMO):
John and Mary came to the party.
Esther plays the piano. Sometimes, also sings.
Conectores disyuntivos. Son los conectores en inglés que funcionan uniendo dos palabras
o cláusulas, dándonos la idea de que debemos pensar en una o en otra, de que se excluyen.
El más usado es la conjunción OR (O). Otros son las conjunciones NOR (NI),
OTHERWISE (DE OTRA MANERA).
When will you come, it will be on Saturday or Sunday?
He doesn’t like wearing socks nor shoes.
Conectores condicionales. Estos conectores indican que uno de los elementos es condición
de otro. Muchos de estos conectores en inglés están compuestos por una estructura de dos o
más palabras. Algunos son IF (SI), IF…THEN… (SI…ENTONCES…); IN CASE OF (EN
CASO DE).
If I don’t have work, I will come tomorrow.
If it rains, then my flight will be delay.
Conectores concesivos. Son los que nos permiten indicar una relación de que algo sucede
o no sucede a pesar de los contratiempos o esfuerzos. Algunos de estos conectores son
ALTHOUGH (AUNQUE), IN DESPITE OF (A PESAR DE), EVEN IF.

2. I can’t finish, even if I work all night long.
She needs to go to the doctor, although she does not want to go.
Conectores conclusivos. Son aquellos que relacionan una idea como la conclusión de una
exposición o idea.
Algunos de estos conectores en inglés son: HENCE (POR LO TANTO), SO (ASÍ),
CONSEQUENTLY (EN CONSECUENCIA, EN CONCLUSIÓN):
Taking as a reality that humans and apes have five fingers, bipedal gait also have a 98% of
equal common genetic info, consequently we can conclude than biologically, they
came from a common ancestry.
You ate a lot of cake, drink four sodas and had many candies, hence, now you’re sick.
Conectores de continuidad. Los conectores de continuidad son los que nos sirven para
indicar que la idea que sigue es continuación (lógica o cronológica) de la idea anterior.
Algunos son: THEN (ENTONCES), FURTHERMORE (ADEMÁS, A
CONTINUACIÓN):
First I have to pick up Mike, then I will go with you to the movies.
Rose went early in the morning to the the store, furthermore she took the dress she wanted.
Conectores adversativos. Estos conectores conectan dos frases u oraciones opuestas. Se
diferencian de los disyuntivos en que éstos expresan una oposición entre las ideas, mientras
que los disyuntivos indican exclusión entre las ideas. Algunos son: but (pero), however (sin
embargo), instead (en lugar de):
I told him to bring the drinks, but he did not have money.
Horses are so useful animals for work; however, many people eat it.
Conectores causales. Son los conectores que indican una relación de causa y efecto entre
las cláusulas. Se usa cuando la acción de una oración da origen a otra, o cuando una oración

3. es consecuencia de la otra. Entre estos conectores en inglés, podemos destacar: BECAUSE
(PORQUE), DUE TO (DEBIDO A), OWN TO (DEBIDO A):
The traffic was stopped due the truck accident.
Julio don’t answer your messages because he doesn’t have credit in his cellphone.
Conectores comparativos. Son los auxiliares que usamos para formar los comparativos de
los adjetivos y adverbios. Los más comunes son AS (TANTO, COMO), AS…AS
(TANTO…COMO), NOT AS…AS (NO TANTO…COMO):
No one knows me as you do.
My sister cooks as well as my mom.
Conectores funcionales. Son los que indican una relación de finalidad. Funcionan muy
parecido a los conectores conclusivos. La diferencia consiste en que en los funcionales, la
conclusión no es un enunciado sobre una acción estática, sino que generalmente implica la
realización de un acto posterior a la conclusión de la acción de la oración. Algunos de estos
conectores funcionales son: SO (ASÍ, ASÍ QUE), IN ORDER TO (ENCAMINADO A, EN
RELACIÓN A, EN ATENCIÓN A), SO THAT (ASÍ QUE, POR LO TANTO):
He will pick her up early, so she can come at 5 pm.
You have to get work, so that you can pay the rent

4. -EJERCITACION -
LEER DETENIDAMENTE ESTE TEXTO E IDENTIFIQUE EL TIPO DE CONECTORES
Y LAS EXPRESIONES EN VOZ PASIVA EN TIEMPO PASADO SIMPLE. EN EL
MISMO
As described in the lab manual,1[3] ice was placed in a beaker and warmed
until approximately 50% had melted. The temperature of the ice/water
mixture was then measured with a thermometer. This was followed by a
similar measurementof our solid unknown. In partII, water was heated until
boiling and the temperature of the liquid/gas mixture measured with a
thermometer. This was followed by a similar measurement using our
unknown compound. To get the best results possible, the procedure in the
manual was modified by repeating each trial three times.
Data & Results
The Barometric pressure in the lab was measured to be 761.2 mmHg.
Table One – Experimental Data
Trial Water
Melting Pt.
Water
Boiling Pt.
Unknown 7
Melting Pt.
Unknown 7
Boiling Pt.
1 0.7 C * 101.2 C 80.2 C 272.7 C
2 0.1 C 101.1 C 80.7 C 272.8 C
3 0.0 C 100.9 C 80.4 C 273.0 C
4 0.1 C n/a n/a n/a
Averages: 0.15 C 101.1 C 80.4 C 272.8 C
Standard deviation ():  0.06  0.15  0.15  0.06
95% confidence limits:  0.14  0.4  0.4  0.14
* This trial was eliminated because the thermometer was broken (there was a
bubble of air in the mercury). A new thermometer was obtained from the
stockroom and used for all other data.

5. Observations: The unknown was yellowish-orange in color and had a fruity
smell.
As can be seen from our water data the experimental values for the melting
and boiling points of water differed from the theoretical values by +0.15 C
and +1.1 C, respectively. These differences were used to calibrate the
average data for the unknown. Thus the corrected values for the unknown
boiling and melting points are given in Table 2.
Table Two – Corrected Temperatures
Unknown 7
Melting Pt.
Unknown 7
Boiling Pt.
Measured value 80.4 C  0.4 (95%) 272.80  0.14 C (95%)
Correction +0.15 C + 1.1 C
These values were used to identify our unknown. Table Three below lists
possible unknowns and the melting and boiling points for these compounds
found in the Chemical Handbook.2
Table Three – Reference Data from Chemical Handbook
Compound Melting Point Boiling Point
Blabber Gas -15.8 C 17.2 C
Freezer Gel 82.7 C 456.1 C
Silly Putty 57.2 C 121 C
Billgatesium 1000 C unknown
Farsel Juice 80.8 C 274.0 C
Shampoo -1.2 C 108.7 C
Based on these data we conclude that our sample was probably “Farsel Juice”
since both the melting and boiling points fall within the confidence limits of
our average melting and boiling points. Additional evidence to support our
conclusion is that Farsel Juice is described in the Chemical Handbook as
having a yellowish-orange in color and has a “peach-like” smell. Our

6. unknown was this color and one of our group members observed a “fruity”
smell when she opened the bottle.
Although our measured melting and boiling points differed from the
theoretical data by a few percent, this difference was very small leading us to
believe that our results were quite good. While there is still room for error in
our results due to the change in boiling and melting points as a function of
atmospheric pressure this difference should be very small. Other factors such
as contaminates in the water used may have affected the results, but again
every effort to minimalize such effects was made by using only deionized
water. Finally we did encounter some problems with our thermometer in the
first trial, but this was fixed by replacing it at the stockroom. Thus our careful
work, our additional color and smell observations, and the fact that the
corrected average of data exactly matched only one of the choices with 95%
confidence, all suggest that our unknown was in fact Farsel Juice.
Conclusions
In this lab we determined the identity of our unknown to be Farsel Juice using
normal melting and boiling points. A future experiment might include an
additional calibration using the barometric pressure and/or inclusion of other
chemical properties such as reactions of the compounds with acids and stuff to
further test the nature of the chemicals and more positively identify the
chemicals