The document provides background information on a proposed Regional Forum of Youths of Latin America and the Caribbean in 2014. It summarizes the key issues facing youth in the region related to poverty, education, employment, health, and political participation. The forum aims to facilitate dialogue between youth and other stakeholders to generate recommendations on priorities for youth to be incorporated into the post-2015 development agenda. The expected results are recommendations for the post-2015 agenda and establishing alliances to promote youth issues regionally and globally. Proposed themes for discussion include eradicating poverty, education, gender equity, health, jobs, and political participation. The forum will prioritize participation of youth representatives from across the region along with relevant governmental and non-governmental
NGO CSW Outcome Document North America and Europe An open discussion paper On...Dr Lendy Spires
This document summarizes challenges and achievements related to implementing the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in North America and Europe based on an analysis by 20 researchers. It finds that while progress has been made in some areas like education, poverty rates remain high particularly for women, minorities, indigenous peoples, and single mothers. Inequality is growing between rich and poor in countries like the US and Canada. Women still face barriers in fields like STEM and continue to earn less than men. It calls for actions like increasing the minimum wage, ensuring universal early childhood education, improving schools in low-income areas, and closing the gender pay gap.
This document summarizes key facts and challenges facing girls and young women globally. It notes that approximately half of the 1.8 billion young people in the world, or 900 million, are adolescent girls and young women. However, many face discrimination and health risks, with only 50% completing primary school in poor countries. They have higher rates of child marriage, HIV infection, and sex trafficking. Investing in girls' education and empowerment would boost social and economic development while respecting human rights.
The document summarizes key findings from MAPC's 2017 update to their 2011 report on equity in the Boston region. It finds that while some gaps have narrowed, particularly for children's health and education outcomes, large disparities persist. Racial segregation and income inequality are increasing, limiting economic mobility. Progress has been made in reducing exclusionary school discipline, but health disparities remain severe. To achieve greater equity, the region must address ongoing discrimination, rising income inequality, and residential segregation.
Hispanics/Latinos in New York State continue to experience health disparities and poorer health outcomes compared to non-Hispanic whites. They have higher rates of chronic conditions like diabetes, HIV, asthma, and teen pregnancy. They also have lower education levels, higher poverty rates, less health insurance coverage, and language barriers that influence their health. The document outlines these disparities and calls for action to address social determinants of health and improve access to culturally-responsive healthcare services to achieve health equity for Hispanics/Latinos in New York State.
This document provides an overview of the growing influence and contributions of Latinos in America. Some of the key points include:
- By 2050, Latinos will make up 30% of the US population.
- Latinos are strengthening the US economy through jobs, entrepreneurship, and spending power totaling $1.5 trillion.
- In education, Latinos now represent 24% of all public school students and are on track to earn more degrees in the future.
- Latinos are also increasingly influential in public service through voting, military service, and holding more political offices.
1) The document provides estimates of the number of young people aged 15-24 living in extreme poverty worldwide based on Millennium Development Goal indicators of income and malnutrition.
2) It examines evidence to determine if poverty is more concentrated among youth and finds that youth may face greater relative risk of poverty.
3) Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers from 17 countries are analyzed to identify how countries are addressing youth poverty in their policies.
America cares hiv-aids in black america#GOMOJO, INC.
Increase community awareness of HIV/AIDS and HIV prevention strategies.
Increase community understanding of the clinical research process.
Develop and strengthen relationships with community stakeholders, including (but not limited to) medical care providers, STD/HIV counseling and testing providers, faith leaders, Non Governmental Organizations and Community Based Organizations.
Increasingly, African Americans in general are recognizing that HIV is wreaking devastation across our communities. Those who have joined the fight against HIV and AIDS in Black communities are coming to understand that it is a difficult and multifaceted problem—but that it is also a winnable war. With this report, we aim to arm those people with the information they need to get there.
NGO CSW Outcome Document North America and Europe An open discussion paper On...Dr Lendy Spires
This document summarizes challenges and achievements related to implementing the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in North America and Europe based on an analysis by 20 researchers. It finds that while progress has been made in some areas like education, poverty rates remain high particularly for women, minorities, indigenous peoples, and single mothers. Inequality is growing between rich and poor in countries like the US and Canada. Women still face barriers in fields like STEM and continue to earn less than men. It calls for actions like increasing the minimum wage, ensuring universal early childhood education, improving schools in low-income areas, and closing the gender pay gap.
This document summarizes key facts and challenges facing girls and young women globally. It notes that approximately half of the 1.8 billion young people in the world, or 900 million, are adolescent girls and young women. However, many face discrimination and health risks, with only 50% completing primary school in poor countries. They have higher rates of child marriage, HIV infection, and sex trafficking. Investing in girls' education and empowerment would boost social and economic development while respecting human rights.
The document summarizes key findings from MAPC's 2017 update to their 2011 report on equity in the Boston region. It finds that while some gaps have narrowed, particularly for children's health and education outcomes, large disparities persist. Racial segregation and income inequality are increasing, limiting economic mobility. Progress has been made in reducing exclusionary school discipline, but health disparities remain severe. To achieve greater equity, the region must address ongoing discrimination, rising income inequality, and residential segregation.
Hispanics/Latinos in New York State continue to experience health disparities and poorer health outcomes compared to non-Hispanic whites. They have higher rates of chronic conditions like diabetes, HIV, asthma, and teen pregnancy. They also have lower education levels, higher poverty rates, less health insurance coverage, and language barriers that influence their health. The document outlines these disparities and calls for action to address social determinants of health and improve access to culturally-responsive healthcare services to achieve health equity for Hispanics/Latinos in New York State.
This document provides an overview of the growing influence and contributions of Latinos in America. Some of the key points include:
- By 2050, Latinos will make up 30% of the US population.
- Latinos are strengthening the US economy through jobs, entrepreneurship, and spending power totaling $1.5 trillion.
- In education, Latinos now represent 24% of all public school students and are on track to earn more degrees in the future.
- Latinos are also increasingly influential in public service through voting, military service, and holding more political offices.
1) The document provides estimates of the number of young people aged 15-24 living in extreme poverty worldwide based on Millennium Development Goal indicators of income and malnutrition.
2) It examines evidence to determine if poverty is more concentrated among youth and finds that youth may face greater relative risk of poverty.
3) Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers from 17 countries are analyzed to identify how countries are addressing youth poverty in their policies.
America cares hiv-aids in black america#GOMOJO, INC.
Increase community awareness of HIV/AIDS and HIV prevention strategies.
Increase community understanding of the clinical research process.
Develop and strengthen relationships with community stakeholders, including (but not limited to) medical care providers, STD/HIV counseling and testing providers, faith leaders, Non Governmental Organizations and Community Based Organizations.
Increasingly, African Americans in general are recognizing that HIV is wreaking devastation across our communities. Those who have joined the fight against HIV and AIDS in Black communities are coming to understand that it is a difficult and multifaceted problem—but that it is also a winnable war. With this report, we aim to arm those people with the information they need to get there.
The document summarizes progress on various Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in the Dominican Republic. It notes that 6.4% of women suffer from sexual violence, extreme violence against women is common in rural areas, and women make up only 20% of parliamentarians. It also discusses issues around universal education, child health, global partnerships, poverty and hunger, environmental sustainability, maternal health, and combating HIV/AIDS. For each goal, it provides data on current status and challenges to achieving the goals.
From 2004-2008, Nevada saw a shift in the HIV/AIDS epidemic toward blacks, youth, and heterosexual adults. To effectively plan prevention and care, it is important to identify at-risk populations. The document discusses Nevada's HIV epidemiology, including increases in infections among blacks, Hispanics, youth, MSM, and older age groups. It also summarizes community input that identified priority populations as MSM, HIV-positive individuals, youth/young adults, and minorities. Goals and strategies focused on increasing awareness, testing, interventions, condom access, and linkages to care for these at-risk groups.
Community capacity proposal gomojo for WORLD CHANGE FROM DTLV #GOMOJO, INC.
The document discusses strategies to combat the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States and Nevada. It provides background on HIV/AIDS rates nationally and in Nevada, highlighting disproportionate impacts among certain groups. Key strategies discussed include increasing availability of media campaigns, online interventions, substance use interventions, and HIV testing. Specific tactics proposed under each strategy, such as developing culturally appropriate media campaigns targeting various communities, increasing online outreach and education, and requiring acknowledgement of safe sex practices on dating websites. The document emphasizes the need for a coordinated response using evidence-based approaches to reduce transmission rates and improve health outcomes.
Rapid population growth is a significant obstacle to development in many poor countries. It leads to problems like environmental degradation as population and consumption levels rise, as well as economic stagnation as infrastructure and social services struggle to keep up with high birth rates. High fertility also contributes to issues like maternal mortality, youth unemployment, and political instability. While population growth alone does not cause poverty, it exacerbates development challenges. Reducing population growth through access to education and family planning is crucial for improving living standards in developing nations.
First Nations and Metis Youth Suicide in SaskatchewanKelly C. Patrick
This document discusses the need for a national collaborative model to address high rates of suicide among Indigenous youth in Canada, specifically in Saskatchewan. It provides statistics showing Indigenous youth suicide rates are much higher than non-Indigenous youth. The document argues that factors like family structure, education, employment, and income contribute to hopelessness and calls for a population health model to bring together governments, communities, researchers, and healthcare providers to conduct long-term research and implement prevention strategies nationally.
This document is a report from the UN Secretary-General to the Commission for Social Development on national youth programs and policies. It discusses three major issues facing youth globally - youth protests, unemployment, and violence against girls. It also provides an overview of the implementation of the World Programme of Action for Youth by UN member states and agencies, focusing on the 15 priority areas outlined in the program like education, employment, health, and participation of youth in decision-making. The report is based on responses from 10 member states and 22 UN agencies on their national initiatives to address the priority areas of the World Programme of Action for Youth.
This document discusses issues related to advancing the sexual and reproductive health and human rights of men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV. It notes that MSM living with HIV face double stigma due to fear/ignorance around HIV transmission and negative attitudes towards MSM. Young MSM living with HIV face additional challenges accessing healthcare without parental consent. The document argues for a rights-based approach and inclusion of MSM in policymaking to address their disproportionately high rates of HIV infection worldwide due to criminalization, discrimination, and lack of access to appropriate healthcare services.
Ecuador has high levels of poverty and inequality. Indigenous and Afro-Ecuadorian groups experience much higher rates of poverty, lower human development, and face discrimination. They have less access to education, healthcare, land rights, and labor opportunities. The education system is divided along ethnic lines, with underfunding of indigenous schools. Healthcare access varies greatly between urban and rural areas. Indigenous groups have faced loss of ancestral lands. Unemployment is higher for ethnic minorities, who predominantly work in the informal sector. Reducing inequality requires improved social services, respect for diversity, and addressing discrimination faced by indigenous and Afro-Ecuadorian communities.
This document provides an overview of a synopsis series produced by the Latin America and Caribbean Regional Office (LACRO) of the AIDS Control and Prevention (AIDSCAP) Project. The series aims to highlight lessons learned from over 5 years of implementing HIV/AIDS prevention programs in 14 Latin American and Caribbean countries. It discusses the need to advance new technical strategies to more effectively address the pandemic, including promoting civil-military collaboration. The document introduces a synopsis on civil-military collaboration, focusing on engaging the military in HIV/AIDS prevention and how partnerships with the military can benefit both civilian and military populations.
This document provides a summary of the Dominican population in Boston, Massachusetts. It notes that over 20,000 foreign-born Dominicans live in Boston, making them the largest foreign-born group in the city. The document discusses the history and drivers of Dominican migration, demographic characteristics of Dominicans in Boston, their occupations, economic contributions, and challenges related to lower educational attainment levels. It highlights how Dominicans actively contribute to the civic and cultural life of the city while facing higher poverty rates than other groups.
“Combat and rape, the public and private forms of organized social violence, are primarily experiences of adolescent and early adult life. The United States Army enlists young men at seventeen; the average age of the Vietnam combat soldier was nineteen. In many other countries boys are conscripted for military service while barely in their teens. Similarly, the period of highest risk for rape is in late adolescence. Half of all victims are aged twenty or younger at the time they are raped; three-quarters are between the ages of thirteen and twenty-six. The period of greatest psychological vulnerability is also in reality the period of greatest traumatic exposure, for both young men and young women. Rape and combat might thus be considered complementary social rites of initiation into the coercive violence at the foundation of adult society. They are the paradigmatic forms of trauma for women and men.”
― Judith Lewis Herman, Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror
Violence Against Women (VAW) in Ghana: Interventions by NGOsRonald Essel
Violence against Women in Ghana: The interventions by Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs)
PATRICIA ISSABELLA ESSEL
Women in Law and Development in Africa (WiLDAF)
P. O. Box LG 488, Legon
Accra – Ghana
E-mail: patbella9@yahoo.com
RONALD EBENEZER ESSEL
University of Cape Coast,
College of Distance Education (CoDE)
PMB, University Post Office
Cape coast – Ghana
E-mail: esselronald@yahoo.com
Abstract: Violence Against Women (VAW) is a worldwide pandemic that permeates across all geographical boundaries and impacts all people and societies regardless of culture, class, ethnicity, age, race, socio-economic status, political leaning, or religion. It is a daily phenomenon faced by humanity from the household level to national levels. Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) have devised several means of curbing VAW but the menace still persist. This qualitative research assessed the effectiveness of the strategies adopted by four key NGOs in addressing VAW within the Ghanaian context. The study targeted a total of fifty two respondents comprising; eight personnel from the four selected NGOs; twelve state actors; fourteen non-state actors and eighteen direct beneficiaries through the usage of in-depth (informal) and key informant interviews, semi-structured questionnaires, direct field observations as well as desk top review of official documents. The study found out that, all four NGOs utilised among others, five key strategies in tackling the menace of VAW in Ghana and these are awareness creation, lobbying and advocacy, community mobilisation, activism and networking, training/capacity building and service provision. The study results further indicated that, notwithstanding the efficacy of the strategies deployed by the NGOs, there were some challenges that confronted the NGOs in their fight against VAW. Notable among them were the lack of willingness on the part of victims of VAW to report and further pursue perpetrators of VAW, financial constraints facing the NGOs as well as state actors and lack of well-coordinated approach on the part of all stakeholders in their effort to eradicate VAW in Ghana. The study made a number of recommendations, including collaborative efforts of all stakeholders to fight VAW, adequate resourcing and funding of the NGOs by both government and donor agencies. Also recommended is the intensification of the education on the unlawfulness of VAW and that, any culprits apprehended would be punished by law. These and many others will serve as measures to improve the effectiveness of the strategies employed by the NGOs in their fight against the cancerous menace of VAW in Ghana.
Keywords: Ghana; Non-governmental organizations (NGOs); Strategies; Violence against women (VAW);
#WCIP IASG - thematic paper reproductive health rev1Dr Lendy Spires
This document discusses the sexual and reproductive health and rights of indigenous peoples. It notes that indigenous peoples face numerous obstacles to realizing these rights, including discrimination, lack of access to healthcare, and lack of recognition of their collective rights. The document advocates for intercultural approaches to healthcare that respect indigenous traditions and knowledge, as well as programs that target issues like maternal health, HIV prevention, and the needs of indigenous adolescents. It argues that recognizing indigenous peoples' rights and participating them in healthcare policy and services is key to improving outcomes.
- African Americans are disproportionately affected by HIV in the United States, accounting for almost half of new HIV infections and people living with HIV despite making up only 14% of the population.
- HIV infections among blacks have remained stable in recent years, though new infections among black women decreased 21% from 2008-2010.
- Risk factors for higher rates of HIV among African Americans include high prevalence of HIV and other STDs in their communities, lack of awareness of HIV status, stigma, and socioeconomic challenges like poverty and lack of healthcare access.
- The Safe2Live program provides HIV education and resources targeting at-risk youth ages 8-13, especially black teens who represent 68% of new youth infections.
Fighting Poverty by enhancing women role in agricultureCynthia Sumaili
This document discusses the key role that women play in agriculture and food security in less developed countries (LDCs) in Africa, and how empowering women could help address issues of poverty and underdevelopment. It notes that women are heavily involved in food production, processing, and marketing at both national and household levels. However, women face numerous disadvantages compared to men, such as less access to education, assets like land, and greater vulnerabilities during crises. Empowering women by improving access to resources like land, credit, and education could boost agricultural yields and national food security, reducing poverty. Therefore, more focus should be placed on gender mainstreaming policies and empowering women in LDCs.
United South End Settlements Environmental Scan 2014Kimberly Dinehart
This document provides a summary of a report on demographic data for the United South End Settlements service area. It analyzes data on race and ethnicity, age, education, and other factors. Some key findings include:
- The population is diverse but the largest group is White at 48%; the next largest groups are Black at 18.6%, Hispanic at 15%, and Asian at 13.5%.
- A third of residents are aged 20-34, and 18% are under 20, with the largest group of those being aged 0-5.
- Over 60% of adults have some form of college degree, but 15% do not have a high school diploma.
- Half of residents enrolled in school
This document provides demographic, social, economic and housing characteristics for 14 race groups in Hawaii using 2011-2015 American Community Survey data. Some key findings include: Nearly a quarter of Hawaii's population is multiracial. The largest race groups are White, Filipino, Japanese, Native Hawaiian and Chinese. Median age and birthplace varies significantly between groups. Native Hawaiians have the highest Hawaii-born population while Marshallese have the highest foreign-born. Average household size is largest for Pacific Islanders and Native Americans and smallest for Whites.
Nancy Tran
Special Thanks:
Denzil McKenzie, Honorary Consul for Jamaica in Boston
Jamaican Associates, Inc.
For more informa on contact:
Research@bostonredevelopmentauthority.org
617.918.4282
This document summarizes challenges and achievements in implementing the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) related to poverty in North America and Europe based on a review by 20 researchers. It finds that inequality is increasing, with more women and marginalized groups living in poverty. While some social services and protections exist, budget cuts are exacerbating poverty. It provides statistics on poverty rates for women, female-headed households, minorities, immigrants, children, and the homeless in countries of the region. Recommendations include creating jobs, raising the minimum wage, strengthening social services and expanding housing.
On 1 January 2016, the world officially began implementation
of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development—the
transformative plan of action based on 17 Sustainable
Development Goals—to address urgent global challenges
over the next 15 years.
This agenda is a road map for people and the planet that will
build on the success of the Millennium Development Goals
and ensure sustainable social and economic progress worldwide.
It seeks not only to eradicate extreme poverty, but also
to integrate and balance the three dimensions of sustainable
development—economic, social and environmental—in a
comprehensive global vision.
The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2016Peerasak C.
Foreword
On 1 January 2016, the world officially began implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development—the transformative plan of action based on 17 Sustainable Development Goals—to address urgent global challenges over the next 15 years.
This agenda is a road map for people and the planet that will build on the success of the Millennium Development Goals and ensure sustainable social and economic progress worldwide. It seeks not only to eradicate extreme poverty, but also to integrate and balance the three dimensions of sustainable development—economic, social and environmental—in a comprehensive global vision.
It is vital that we begin implementation with a sense of opportunity and purpose based on an accurate evaluation of where the world stands now.
That is the aim of this report. It presents an overview of the 17 Goals using data currently available to highlight the most significant gaps and challenges.
The latest data show that about one in eight people still lived in extreme poverty, nearly 800 million people suffered from hunger, the births of nearly a quarter of children under 5 had not been recorded, 1.1 billion people were living without electricity, and water scarcity affected more than 2 billion people.
These statistics show how important coordinated global data-generation efforts will be in supplying reliable and timely data for systematic follow-up and progress reviews.
The Goals apply to all societies. Even the wealthiest countries have yet to fully empower women or eliminate discrimination.All nations will need to build the Sustainable Development Goals into their national policies and plans if we are to achieve them.
This first report is a starting point. With collective global action, we can seize the opportunities before us and, together,fulfill the pledge of the 2030 Agenda to leave no one behind.
BAN Ki-Moon
Secretary-General, United Nations "The new agenda is a promise by leaders to all people everywhere. It is a universal, integrated and transformative vision for a better world. It is an agenda for people, to end poverty in all its forms. An agenda for the planet, our common home. An agenda for shared prosperity, peace and partnership. It conveys the urgency of climate action. It is rooted in gender equality and respect for the rights of all. Above all, it pledges to leave no one behind."
BAN Ki-Moon
Secretary-General, United Nations
The document summarizes progress on various Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in the Dominican Republic. It notes that 6.4% of women suffer from sexual violence, extreme violence against women is common in rural areas, and women make up only 20% of parliamentarians. It also discusses issues around universal education, child health, global partnerships, poverty and hunger, environmental sustainability, maternal health, and combating HIV/AIDS. For each goal, it provides data on current status and challenges to achieving the goals.
From 2004-2008, Nevada saw a shift in the HIV/AIDS epidemic toward blacks, youth, and heterosexual adults. To effectively plan prevention and care, it is important to identify at-risk populations. The document discusses Nevada's HIV epidemiology, including increases in infections among blacks, Hispanics, youth, MSM, and older age groups. It also summarizes community input that identified priority populations as MSM, HIV-positive individuals, youth/young adults, and minorities. Goals and strategies focused on increasing awareness, testing, interventions, condom access, and linkages to care for these at-risk groups.
Community capacity proposal gomojo for WORLD CHANGE FROM DTLV #GOMOJO, INC.
The document discusses strategies to combat the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States and Nevada. It provides background on HIV/AIDS rates nationally and in Nevada, highlighting disproportionate impacts among certain groups. Key strategies discussed include increasing availability of media campaigns, online interventions, substance use interventions, and HIV testing. Specific tactics proposed under each strategy, such as developing culturally appropriate media campaigns targeting various communities, increasing online outreach and education, and requiring acknowledgement of safe sex practices on dating websites. The document emphasizes the need for a coordinated response using evidence-based approaches to reduce transmission rates and improve health outcomes.
Rapid population growth is a significant obstacle to development in many poor countries. It leads to problems like environmental degradation as population and consumption levels rise, as well as economic stagnation as infrastructure and social services struggle to keep up with high birth rates. High fertility also contributes to issues like maternal mortality, youth unemployment, and political instability. While population growth alone does not cause poverty, it exacerbates development challenges. Reducing population growth through access to education and family planning is crucial for improving living standards in developing nations.
First Nations and Metis Youth Suicide in SaskatchewanKelly C. Patrick
This document discusses the need for a national collaborative model to address high rates of suicide among Indigenous youth in Canada, specifically in Saskatchewan. It provides statistics showing Indigenous youth suicide rates are much higher than non-Indigenous youth. The document argues that factors like family structure, education, employment, and income contribute to hopelessness and calls for a population health model to bring together governments, communities, researchers, and healthcare providers to conduct long-term research and implement prevention strategies nationally.
This document is a report from the UN Secretary-General to the Commission for Social Development on national youth programs and policies. It discusses three major issues facing youth globally - youth protests, unemployment, and violence against girls. It also provides an overview of the implementation of the World Programme of Action for Youth by UN member states and agencies, focusing on the 15 priority areas outlined in the program like education, employment, health, and participation of youth in decision-making. The report is based on responses from 10 member states and 22 UN agencies on their national initiatives to address the priority areas of the World Programme of Action for Youth.
This document discusses issues related to advancing the sexual and reproductive health and human rights of men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV. It notes that MSM living with HIV face double stigma due to fear/ignorance around HIV transmission and negative attitudes towards MSM. Young MSM living with HIV face additional challenges accessing healthcare without parental consent. The document argues for a rights-based approach and inclusion of MSM in policymaking to address their disproportionately high rates of HIV infection worldwide due to criminalization, discrimination, and lack of access to appropriate healthcare services.
Ecuador has high levels of poverty and inequality. Indigenous and Afro-Ecuadorian groups experience much higher rates of poverty, lower human development, and face discrimination. They have less access to education, healthcare, land rights, and labor opportunities. The education system is divided along ethnic lines, with underfunding of indigenous schools. Healthcare access varies greatly between urban and rural areas. Indigenous groups have faced loss of ancestral lands. Unemployment is higher for ethnic minorities, who predominantly work in the informal sector. Reducing inequality requires improved social services, respect for diversity, and addressing discrimination faced by indigenous and Afro-Ecuadorian communities.
This document provides an overview of a synopsis series produced by the Latin America and Caribbean Regional Office (LACRO) of the AIDS Control and Prevention (AIDSCAP) Project. The series aims to highlight lessons learned from over 5 years of implementing HIV/AIDS prevention programs in 14 Latin American and Caribbean countries. It discusses the need to advance new technical strategies to more effectively address the pandemic, including promoting civil-military collaboration. The document introduces a synopsis on civil-military collaboration, focusing on engaging the military in HIV/AIDS prevention and how partnerships with the military can benefit both civilian and military populations.
This document provides a summary of the Dominican population in Boston, Massachusetts. It notes that over 20,000 foreign-born Dominicans live in Boston, making them the largest foreign-born group in the city. The document discusses the history and drivers of Dominican migration, demographic characteristics of Dominicans in Boston, their occupations, economic contributions, and challenges related to lower educational attainment levels. It highlights how Dominicans actively contribute to the civic and cultural life of the city while facing higher poverty rates than other groups.
“Combat and rape, the public and private forms of organized social violence, are primarily experiences of adolescent and early adult life. The United States Army enlists young men at seventeen; the average age of the Vietnam combat soldier was nineteen. In many other countries boys are conscripted for military service while barely in their teens. Similarly, the period of highest risk for rape is in late adolescence. Half of all victims are aged twenty or younger at the time they are raped; three-quarters are between the ages of thirteen and twenty-six. The period of greatest psychological vulnerability is also in reality the period of greatest traumatic exposure, for both young men and young women. Rape and combat might thus be considered complementary social rites of initiation into the coercive violence at the foundation of adult society. They are the paradigmatic forms of trauma for women and men.”
― Judith Lewis Herman, Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror
Violence Against Women (VAW) in Ghana: Interventions by NGOsRonald Essel
Violence against Women in Ghana: The interventions by Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs)
PATRICIA ISSABELLA ESSEL
Women in Law and Development in Africa (WiLDAF)
P. O. Box LG 488, Legon
Accra – Ghana
E-mail: patbella9@yahoo.com
RONALD EBENEZER ESSEL
University of Cape Coast,
College of Distance Education (CoDE)
PMB, University Post Office
Cape coast – Ghana
E-mail: esselronald@yahoo.com
Abstract: Violence Against Women (VAW) is a worldwide pandemic that permeates across all geographical boundaries and impacts all people and societies regardless of culture, class, ethnicity, age, race, socio-economic status, political leaning, or religion. It is a daily phenomenon faced by humanity from the household level to national levels. Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) have devised several means of curbing VAW but the menace still persist. This qualitative research assessed the effectiveness of the strategies adopted by four key NGOs in addressing VAW within the Ghanaian context. The study targeted a total of fifty two respondents comprising; eight personnel from the four selected NGOs; twelve state actors; fourteen non-state actors and eighteen direct beneficiaries through the usage of in-depth (informal) and key informant interviews, semi-structured questionnaires, direct field observations as well as desk top review of official documents. The study found out that, all four NGOs utilised among others, five key strategies in tackling the menace of VAW in Ghana and these are awareness creation, lobbying and advocacy, community mobilisation, activism and networking, training/capacity building and service provision. The study results further indicated that, notwithstanding the efficacy of the strategies deployed by the NGOs, there were some challenges that confronted the NGOs in their fight against VAW. Notable among them were the lack of willingness on the part of victims of VAW to report and further pursue perpetrators of VAW, financial constraints facing the NGOs as well as state actors and lack of well-coordinated approach on the part of all stakeholders in their effort to eradicate VAW in Ghana. The study made a number of recommendations, including collaborative efforts of all stakeholders to fight VAW, adequate resourcing and funding of the NGOs by both government and donor agencies. Also recommended is the intensification of the education on the unlawfulness of VAW and that, any culprits apprehended would be punished by law. These and many others will serve as measures to improve the effectiveness of the strategies employed by the NGOs in their fight against the cancerous menace of VAW in Ghana.
Keywords: Ghana; Non-governmental organizations (NGOs); Strategies; Violence against women (VAW);
#WCIP IASG - thematic paper reproductive health rev1Dr Lendy Spires
This document discusses the sexual and reproductive health and rights of indigenous peoples. It notes that indigenous peoples face numerous obstacles to realizing these rights, including discrimination, lack of access to healthcare, and lack of recognition of their collective rights. The document advocates for intercultural approaches to healthcare that respect indigenous traditions and knowledge, as well as programs that target issues like maternal health, HIV prevention, and the needs of indigenous adolescents. It argues that recognizing indigenous peoples' rights and participating them in healthcare policy and services is key to improving outcomes.
- African Americans are disproportionately affected by HIV in the United States, accounting for almost half of new HIV infections and people living with HIV despite making up only 14% of the population.
- HIV infections among blacks have remained stable in recent years, though new infections among black women decreased 21% from 2008-2010.
- Risk factors for higher rates of HIV among African Americans include high prevalence of HIV and other STDs in their communities, lack of awareness of HIV status, stigma, and socioeconomic challenges like poverty and lack of healthcare access.
- The Safe2Live program provides HIV education and resources targeting at-risk youth ages 8-13, especially black teens who represent 68% of new youth infections.
Fighting Poverty by enhancing women role in agricultureCynthia Sumaili
This document discusses the key role that women play in agriculture and food security in less developed countries (LDCs) in Africa, and how empowering women could help address issues of poverty and underdevelopment. It notes that women are heavily involved in food production, processing, and marketing at both national and household levels. However, women face numerous disadvantages compared to men, such as less access to education, assets like land, and greater vulnerabilities during crises. Empowering women by improving access to resources like land, credit, and education could boost agricultural yields and national food security, reducing poverty. Therefore, more focus should be placed on gender mainstreaming policies and empowering women in LDCs.
United South End Settlements Environmental Scan 2014Kimberly Dinehart
This document provides a summary of a report on demographic data for the United South End Settlements service area. It analyzes data on race and ethnicity, age, education, and other factors. Some key findings include:
- The population is diverse but the largest group is White at 48%; the next largest groups are Black at 18.6%, Hispanic at 15%, and Asian at 13.5%.
- A third of residents are aged 20-34, and 18% are under 20, with the largest group of those being aged 0-5.
- Over 60% of adults have some form of college degree, but 15% do not have a high school diploma.
- Half of residents enrolled in school
This document provides demographic, social, economic and housing characteristics for 14 race groups in Hawaii using 2011-2015 American Community Survey data. Some key findings include: Nearly a quarter of Hawaii's population is multiracial. The largest race groups are White, Filipino, Japanese, Native Hawaiian and Chinese. Median age and birthplace varies significantly between groups. Native Hawaiians have the highest Hawaii-born population while Marshallese have the highest foreign-born. Average household size is largest for Pacific Islanders and Native Americans and smallest for Whites.
Nancy Tran
Special Thanks:
Denzil McKenzie, Honorary Consul for Jamaica in Boston
Jamaican Associates, Inc.
For more informa on contact:
Research@bostonredevelopmentauthority.org
617.918.4282
This document summarizes challenges and achievements in implementing the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) related to poverty in North America and Europe based on a review by 20 researchers. It finds that inequality is increasing, with more women and marginalized groups living in poverty. While some social services and protections exist, budget cuts are exacerbating poverty. It provides statistics on poverty rates for women, female-headed households, minorities, immigrants, children, and the homeless in countries of the region. Recommendations include creating jobs, raising the minimum wage, strengthening social services and expanding housing.
On 1 January 2016, the world officially began implementation
of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development—the
transformative plan of action based on 17 Sustainable
Development Goals—to address urgent global challenges
over the next 15 years.
This agenda is a road map for people and the planet that will
build on the success of the Millennium Development Goals
and ensure sustainable social and economic progress worldwide.
It seeks not only to eradicate extreme poverty, but also
to integrate and balance the three dimensions of sustainable
development—economic, social and environmental—in a
comprehensive global vision.
The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2016Peerasak C.
Foreword
On 1 January 2016, the world officially began implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development—the transformative plan of action based on 17 Sustainable Development Goals—to address urgent global challenges over the next 15 years.
This agenda is a road map for people and the planet that will build on the success of the Millennium Development Goals and ensure sustainable social and economic progress worldwide. It seeks not only to eradicate extreme poverty, but also to integrate and balance the three dimensions of sustainable development—economic, social and environmental—in a comprehensive global vision.
It is vital that we begin implementation with a sense of opportunity and purpose based on an accurate evaluation of where the world stands now.
That is the aim of this report. It presents an overview of the 17 Goals using data currently available to highlight the most significant gaps and challenges.
The latest data show that about one in eight people still lived in extreme poverty, nearly 800 million people suffered from hunger, the births of nearly a quarter of children under 5 had not been recorded, 1.1 billion people were living without electricity, and water scarcity affected more than 2 billion people.
These statistics show how important coordinated global data-generation efforts will be in supplying reliable and timely data for systematic follow-up and progress reviews.
The Goals apply to all societies. Even the wealthiest countries have yet to fully empower women or eliminate discrimination.All nations will need to build the Sustainable Development Goals into their national policies and plans if we are to achieve them.
This first report is a starting point. With collective global action, we can seize the opportunities before us and, together,fulfill the pledge of the 2030 Agenda to leave no one behind.
BAN Ki-Moon
Secretary-General, United Nations "The new agenda is a promise by leaders to all people everywhere. It is a universal, integrated and transformative vision for a better world. It is an agenda for people, to end poverty in all its forms. An agenda for the planet, our common home. An agenda for shared prosperity, peace and partnership. It conveys the urgency of climate action. It is rooted in gender equality and respect for the rights of all. Above all, it pledges to leave no one behind."
BAN Ki-Moon
Secretary-General, United Nations
The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2016Richard Hong
This document provides an overview and summary of progress towards achieving the 17 Sustainable Development Goals based on currently available data. It finds that while progress has been made in some areas, significant challenges and gaps remain. Key findings include: nearly 800 million people still suffer from hunger; over 600 million lack access to clean water; 1.1 billion lack electricity access; and girls and women around the world still face barriers to education, employment and political participation. The document concludes coordinated global data efforts are needed to effectively monitor progress, ensure accountability and achieve the 2030 goals.
The new agenda is a promise by leaders to all people everywhere. It is a universal, integrated and transformative vision for a better world. It is an agenda for people, to end poverty in all its forms. An agenda for the planet, our common home. An agenda for shared prosperity, peace and partnership. It conveys the urgency of climate action. It is rooted in gender equality and respect for the rights of all. Above all, it pledges to leave no one behind.
BAN Ki-Moon
Secretary-General, United Nations
There are approximately 900 million adolescent girls and young women in the world who face significant challenges. Many have low primary school completion rates, high rates of child marriage, health risks from early pregnancy, and high risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. They also face threats of violence, trafficking, and harmful practices. However, investing in girls through education and health interventions has significant social and economic benefits, including increased incomes, lower infant mortality, slower population growth, and greater gender equality. The UN has adopted various frameworks and initiatives to promote and protect the rights of girls and empower the most vulnerable.
ChallengesRapid human population growth has a variety of consequen.pdfnavyugenterprisesdoo
Challenges
Rapid human population growth has a variety of consequences. Population grows fastest in the
world\'s poorest countries. High fertility rates have historically been strongly correlated with
poverty, and high childhood mortality rates. Falling fertility rates are generally associated with
improved standards of living, increased life expectancy, and lowered infant mortality.
Overpopulation and poverty have long been associated with increased death, and disease. 25
People tightly packed into unsanitary housing are inordinately vulnerable to natural disasters and
health problems.
However, most of the world\'s 1.2 billion desperately poor people live in less developed
countries ( LDCs). 26 Poverty exists even in MDCs. One in five Soviet citizens reportedly lives
below the country\'s official poverty line. In the United States, 33 million people - -one in eight
Americans are below the official poverty line. The rapid expansion of population size observed
since the end of World War II in the world\'s poorest nations has been a cause of their poverty.
27
Poverty is a condition of chronic deprivation and need at the family level. 28 Poverty, is a major
concern of humankind, because poverty everywhere reduces human beings to a low level of
existence. Poor people lack access to enough land and income to meet basic needs. A lack of
basic needs results in physical weak-ness and poor health. Poor health decreases the ability of the
poor to work and put them deeper into poverty.
Instead of allowing poverty to persist, it is important to limit our number be-cause in dense
populations too many lack adequate food, water, shelter, education and employment. High
fertility, which has been traditionally associated with pros-perity, prestige, and security for the
future, now jeopardizes chances for many to achieve health and security. 29
Rich and poor countries alike are affected by population growth, though the population of
industrial countries are growing more slowly than those of develop-ing one. At the present
growth rates, the population of economically developed countries would double in 120 years.
The Third World, with over three quarters of the world\'s people, would double its numbers in
about 33 years. This rapid dou-bling time reflects the fact that 37 percent of the developing
world\'s population is under the age of 15 and entering their most productive childbearing years.
In the Third World countries (excluding China), 40 percent of the people are under 15; in some
African countries, nearly half are in this age group. 30
The world\'s current and projected population growth calls for an increase in efforts to meet the
needs for food, water, health care, technology and education. In the poorest countries, massive
efforts are needed to keep social and economic con-ditions from deteriorating further; any real
advances in well-being and the quality of life are negated by further population growth. Many
countries lack adequate supplies of basic m.
По оценкам программы Организации Объединенных Наций по ВИЧ/СПИД UNAIDS, по количеству инфицированных и по методам борьбы с болезнью Россия занимает место в одном ряду с Центральноафриканской Республикой, Демократической Республикой Конго, Индонезией, Нигерией и Южным Суданом. В этих странах не только постоянно увеличивается и без того большое число инфицированных, но они также испытывают недостаток в антиретровирусных препаратах.
1) The World Health Organization (WHO) report "Health for the world's adolescents" addresses improving health outcomes for the world's one billion adolescents. It highlights both successes, such as declining adolescent pregnancy and maternal mortality rates in some regions, as well as ongoing challenges like HIV mortality among adolescents rising in Africa.
2) Adolescence is a crucial life stage for establishing health behaviors and patterns that affect future adult health. Many major causes of illness and death among adolescents, like road injuries, violence, and mental health issues, have preventable underlying factors.
3) Achieving overall health and development requires a holistic, multisector approach that addresses individual, social, and environmental determinants of adolescent health
Informe de la OMS acerca de la salud de los adolescentes en el mundo - en inglésCristobal Buñuel
1) The report highlights that while progress has been made in reducing adolescent deaths from preventable causes like pregnancy complications and measles, HIV now causes more adolescent deaths.
2) Adolescence is a crucial life stage for establishing health behaviors that impact lifelong health. Many mental health disorders and risk factors for noncommunicable diseases emerge during this period.
3) A comprehensive approach is needed to address the diverse determinants of adolescent health across multiple levels, from the individual to policies, and require coordination between health and other sectors.
Según el informe elaborado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), la depresión es la principal causa de enfermedad y discapacidad entre los adolescentes de ambos sexos de edades comprendidas entre los 10 y los 19 años.
Las tres principales causas de mortalidad entre los adolescentes a nivel mundial son los traumatismos causados por el tránsito, el VIH/sida y el suicidio. Se estima que en 2012 fallecieron 1,3 millones de adolescentes en todo el mundo.
1) Adolescent health is improving in some areas due to efforts to reduce child and maternal mortality, but challenges remain. While deaths from pregnancy complications and measles have declined, HIV deaths are rising among adolescents in Africa.
2) Adolescence is a crucial period for both short- and long-term health. Health risks established during this time like obesity, substance abuse, and mental health issues can affect overall life-long well-being.
3) Improving adolescent health requires a multifaceted approach that addresses the individual as well as their environments, including families, communities, and policies. Coordinated action is needed across healthcare and other sectors.
Haiti has the highest rates of child, neonatal, and maternal mortality in the Western Hemisphere. In 2013, Haiti's neonatal mortality rate was 25 per 1000 live births, infant mortality rate was 55 per 1000 live births, and child mortality rate for those under 5 was 73 per 1000. The maternal mortality ratio in Haiti was 380 per 100,000 live births in 2013. The authors identify poverty, preterm birth, low birth weight, lack of access to care for pneumonia and antibiotics, and complications during childbirth as key contributing factors to these high mortality rates in Haiti. They propose establishing a network of community care and a central referral hospital to improve access to evidence-based interventions and reduce mortality rates.
Over the past two decades, there has been increasing recognition that runaway and homeless youth (RHY) constitute a vulnerable population that faces a multitude of problems while away from home and, often, difficulties of equal magnitude in the homes they have left. Many of these youth are thought to have been victimized by sexual abuse and to have left home as a means of escaping abusive families. Although risky behaviors are now well documented, relatively little is known about the scope and prevalence of sexual abuse among the families of origin of RHY, the extent to which such abuse may exceed that of comparable youth in the general population, and the role that sexual abuse plays in the youth‘s decision to leave home. The overall purpose of the study was to begin to delineate the scope of the problem, to stimulate further discussion, and to make recommendations concerning research and policy. This report presents the results of each of these initiatives, synthesizes findings, and presents recommendations. The directed study aims to look into the issues related to sexual abuse in adolescents and recommend remedial and preventive measures.
This document discusses the importance of school-community partnerships and provides examples of how schools and communities can work together. It begins by outlining some of the top global issues facing the world, including climate change, pollution, violence, lack of security/well-being, lack of education, unemployment, and government corruption.
It then discusses how the entire world has become interconnected and what happens in one area can impact others. Some of the key ways communities can support schools outlined include volunteer initiatives to prepare schools, using community resources for curriculum, and work experience programs. Schools can support communities by allowing use of school facilities and resources.
Specific examples are provided of school-community partnership programs in the Philippines, including Brigada E
Youth shaping sustainable and innovative solution - Reinforcing the 2030 agen...Christina Parmionova
The document provides background on the 2024 UN ECOSOC Youth Forum taking place from April 16-18 to discuss sustainable development goals and solutions to crises facing the world presented by young people. It outlines the forum's themes of reinforcing the 2030 agenda and eradicating poverty in times of multiple crises through innovative solutions. Key topics to be addressed include progress and challenges for goals around ending poverty and hunger, climate action, peace and justice, and global partnerships. The forum aims to leverage young people's ideas and engage them in discussions with member states on achieving the sustainable development goals.
This document discusses issues facing adolescents and young people in developing countries across several areas:
1) Employment and health challenges like malnutrition, mental illness, violence and HIV prevalence are high among youth.
2) Access to quality education remains a challenge, especially for girls and marginalized groups in parts of Africa, Middle East, and Eastern Europe.
3) Access to sexual and reproductive health information and services is limited. Comprehensive sexuality education is not widely available, and contraceptive use and access to safe abortion is low for adolescents. Adolescent birth rates are highest in Africa and parts of Asia.
This document discusses adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) in humanitarian settings. It begins by defining adolescence and explaining why prioritizing ASRH is important, noting the large population of adolescents affected by crises and their vulnerabilities. It then discusses what sexual and reproductive health entails and why ASRH is an important human right. The document outlines challenges to meeting ASRH needs in humanitarian settings and identifies groups most at risk. It reviews research on gaps in ASRH funding and programming. Finally, it discusses the importance of adolescent, community, and parental participation in ASRH programs and provides tools to facilitate participation.
The document discusses the Millennium Development Goals established in 2000 to improve human development by 2015. It outlines the 8 goals and related targets and indicators to measure progress in reducing poverty, hunger, disease, lack of education, and gender inequality. While some progress was made, many targets are unlikely to be met given uneven progress across regions, with sub-Saharan Africa in particular continuing to face many challenges in improving health, education, and development standards.
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Concept note regional youth forum eng
1. 1
Regional Forum of Youths of Latin America and the Caribbean 2014
Concept Note
Background
In 2013 the United Nations Secretary-General named Ahmad Alhendawi as his Envoy on Youth as a
measure for strengthening the UNS commitment to youth. At the same time he created a working group
with the task of preparing a UN System-Wide Action Plan on Youth that involves different System
agencies and defines the priority themes regarding labour as defined by youths around the world.
Based on this plan, the Regional Inter-Agency Group has prepared its own Strategic Plan, revealing the
aspects that are priority for the region.
In August 2013 UNFPA in the framework of the Forum on Investment in Youth, held on 12 August 2013
–International Youth Day– in Montevideo, Mr. Alhendawi proposed to the UNDG-LAC to have a regional
forum in 2014 as a mechanism for dialog and consultation with all the sectors interested in youth, and
understood as an important step for translating the results of this consultation with the young people
in the Post 2015 Development Agenda process.
In February 2014, on the one hand, other agencies of the United Nations decide to join this initiative
and, at the global level, the President of the General Assembly of the United Nations along with the
Envoy of Youth, launched a World Youth Alliance in the Post-2015 Development Agenda, bringing
together a broad spectrum of stakeholders to have a unified voice for the priorities of the youth in this
Agenda.
This global initiative joins regional initiatives already being promoted in the region, to collect the looks
and reviews of the youths. In this regard, during 2013 were held several consultation meetings
organized by the Ibero-American Youth Organization with the support of various agencies, including
UNFPA, UNDP and ECLAC, to build a regional Agenda for Development and Social Investment in Youth.
In this context, is proposed the implementation of the Regional Youth Forum for Latin America and the
Caribbean 2014.
Situation of adolescents and youths in the Region
The city events occurred during 2012 and 2013 in various Latin American countries, in which young
people have been starring, affirm the importance of redoubling efforts to face the persistent structural
problems in our societies, especially of inequality, but also an opportunity to rethink public policy and
democratic governance in the 21st century.
Young people represent 24.5% of the region’s total population (232 million). Around 156 million are
adolescents and youths between the ages of 15 and 29. Thirty-nine per cent of the young people are
living in poverty. Poverty and extreme poverty affect 25% of young people between 15 and 29. Juvenile
poverty in the rural area stands at 46%, and poverty in the urban area is 25.5%. In an ethnically- and
culturally-diverse region, indigenous youths represent of the entire young population and tend to live
in poverty and in rural areas.
2. 2
According to ILO figures1, the precariousness of the labour insertion of youths remains persistent in the
region: average unemployment, at more than 14%, triples the rate for adults, and the situation is more
serious among women, the indigenous population and the Afro-descendant population. One in every
five youths in the region between the ages of 15 and 24, neither studies nor works. Among working
youths, a high percentage does so in precarious conditions: only 37% is affiliated with a health
insurance programme, and 29% in a pension programme; and more than half (55.6%) has an informal-
sector job. The negative data are more marked among lower-income youths, reflecting the region’s
characteristic inequality. There are 23 million youths in rural areas that are affected by fewer
opportunities for education and lower quality training. 40% of the impoverished population of Latin
America and the Caribbean has completed ninth grade, compared to 67% in the wealthier population.
Risk behaviour is much more frequent among adolescents with no school connection and a lesser
degree of schooling. In general terms, in Latin America only 38% of eighteen-year-olds attend school.
For every additional year of schooling, the fertility rates of Latin American adolescents decreases
between 5% and 10%. Only 18% of all Latin Americans have university education.
With respect to morbidity and mortality, a total of 287,920 deaths were registered among people
between 15 and 29 in the Latin American Region (2004). Homicide is one of the main causes of
mortality, with 100 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants between the ages of 15 and 29. The main causes of
mortality in the 15 to 24 year age group are external, including, accidents, homicides and suicides –
followed by sexually transmissible diseases (including infection with HIV/Aids), non-transmitted
diseases and complications of pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium.
Latin America and the Caribbean is the only large region in which some countries have increased
fertility among adolescents in the last 30 years of the Twentieth Century (Rodríguez, cited in ORAS
CONHU: 2009). Half the countries in the Americas Region present fertility rates among adolescents ages
15-19 that are higher than 72 per 1,000 women. Twenty per cent of the births in the Region
corresponded to women under 20, and it is estimated that 40% of the pregnancies were unplanned.
The fertility rates among adolescents living in poverty are three times higher than the rate for
adolescents not living in poverty.
In Latin America, births to adolescent women account for18 per cent of all births. The probabilities of a
young woman between 15 and 19 dying from causes related to pregnancy can be two to three times
higher than among women older than 20. In women under 14 the rate is almost double the rate
presented in other groups of adolescents (15-19 years) (Molina et.al: 2010), this is one of the main
impacts of early fertility and an unacceptable rights violation.
In this region some 10% of young women ages 15 to 19 are mothers, but there are great differences
among regions and countries. In the urban areas 9.1% of adolescent women are mothers, while in the
rural areas this percentage increases to 13.1%. (CEPAL, UNFPA: 2011)
Around 90% of the youths in Latin America and the Caribbean report knowing at least one
contraception method, but between 48% and 53% of sexually active youths never used contraceptives.
Among those that have used a contraceptive measure, approximately 40% did not do so regularly. In
2003, 45% (405) of all estimated deaths (900) from unsafe abortions were recorded among women
under the age of 24.
1
Trabajo Decente y Juventud en América Latina: Políticas para la acción, Oficina Regional, OIT, Diciembre
2013 (“Decent Work and Youth in Latin America: Policies for Action”).
3. 3
In Latin America only 30% of young people between 15 and 24 can correctly identify ways to prevent
the sexual transmission of HIV, and reject erroneous concepts about how it is transmitted (2011). The
lack of quality information about health and sexual and reproductive rights is having serious
consequences for the HIV epidemic, as it is estimated 50% of the new HIV infections in our region occur
among youths between 15 and 242. Many of the youths living with HIV have no access to treatment, and
in fact do not know their serological status – sometimes because of legal barriers limiting their power
of consent for taking the HIV test and other prevention services.
Aids was responsible for 47% of the deaths from infectious and parasitic diseases in youths between 15
and 29 in the Americas Region. Of this figure, 67% corresponded to young men and 33% to young
women. UNAIDS 2012 indicates that the prevalence of HIV in Latin America and the Caribbean is 0.4,
and in persons between 15 and 24 it is 0.2. Sexually transmitted infections (STI) affect one out of every
20 adolescents each year; among these infections, the most frequent are chlamydia, gonorrhoea,
syphilis and trichomoniasis.
In a health survey performed in the Caribbean, approximately the same proportions of adolescent
women and men (5.0% and 4.5%, respectively) reported sexual experiences with partners of the same
sex, and more than 10% of the adolescents reported having doubts about their sexual orientation
(11.7% of the women and 13.3% of the men).
In a study of the Caribbean made in 2000, 40% of the women and 54% of the men between the ages of
12 and 18 consumed alcohol. 50% of the adolescents between 13 and 15 had consumed alcohol before
the age of 14. 40% of the students between 13 and 15 in 15 countries report having consumed at least
one cup of alcohol in the past 30 days, and more than 15% having become drunk at least one time in
their lives. One of every 10 youths between 16 and 18 said that they consumed four or more alcoholic
beverages at a time.
The consumption of tobacco in the last month among adolescents 13 to 17 years of age ranged between
2.2% and 38.7% in the study of several Latin American countries. 50% of the adolescents between 13
and 15 admit having smoked at least once before the age of 14.
In a study of 11 countries, it was found that 50% of the adolescents between 13 and 15 years of age
attending school report having consumed drugs at least once in their lives. The greatest percentage
was in Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica and Jamaica (cannabis being the drug most consumed). In seven
Latin American countries, approximately one of every 10 adolescents between 13 and 16 affirmed
having consumed illicit drugs at least once in his/her life.
Regarding the youth participation, youth activism increased in the region in recent years tells us that
young people more than be heard, want to actively participate in the development of their societies. In
fact, the 1st Ibero-American Youth Survey (OIJ, 2013) shows that young people expect their
participation increase over the next five years. Consequently, if the institutions do not open formal
participatory spaces for young people, the protests will become as the most effective way to be heard
and the region waste an opportunity to capitalize on citizen empowerment and enhance the quality of
democratic governance. In this survey, the young people said the same thing that are saying in the
2
Evaluation of the implementation of the Ministerial Declaration “Prevention through Education”. Del Acuerdo a la
Acción: Avances en Latinoamérica y el Caribe. Federación Internacional de Planificación de la Familia (IPPF). 2012 (“From
Agreement to Action: Progress in Latin America and the Caribbean. International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF)
2012”)
4. 4
streets: they expect more in terms of reducing corruption, violence, inequality, progress on
environment and quality education.
The region is indebted to the youths. Often the young people do not feel represented in the discourses,
spaces and traditional political mechanisms; do not participate in decision-making spaces, or debates
on key political and socioeconomic issues even when they are sensitive to the demands of equity and
social justice, environmental protection and cultural diversity.
The forms of participation of young people have changed. Possibly many young people today do not
participate of the “imaginarium” of great social or political change of three or four decades ago, where
politics appeared as the privileged field of vital commitment. For some time the youth are more
distanced from the political system and electoral competition. In all countries of the region, without
exception, young people show less inclination to vote (LAPOP 2012 and UNDP 2013).
There is growing evidence of declining levels of participation of young people, not only in elections,
political parties and traditional social organizations, but also in the important process of generation of
public policies. In a review of the literature on youth UNESCO stresses that the vast majority of Latin
American and Caribbean youth is outside existing organizations and youth movements (between 5 and
20% depending on the country, the overwhelming majority being sports and religious organizations),
in what we might consider a transition to new forms of youth participation and to understand the same
participation and citizen engagement or act.
Improper or inadequate representation of the young people, their diversity also in processes and public
institutions and formal policies, such as elections, parliaments, public administration and political
parties, has an impact on the democratic quality of this institutions. This undoubtedly facilitated the
emergence of movements, expressions and non-traditional social organizations where youth play a key
leadership role; with new forms of communication, notice and participation, as the cases of the Chilean
student movement.
Supporting the promotion of political participation of the youth, from their diversity is a fundamental
basis for strengthening the participation and access to the process of public policy in overcoming
persistent inequalities in Latin America and the Caribbean. According to figures surveyed by the
International Parliamentary Union and the UNDP Global Parliamentary Report of 2012, only 1.65% of
parliamentarians are between 20 and 29 years old, while 11.87% are between 30 and 39. 80% of
parliamentarians have more than 40 years. In 2013, UNDP through its Regional Office conducted a
survey of information on youth representation in parliaments in the region. Considering the lower
representatives of 30 years, a total of 68 men representatives (2.7% of total) and 32 female
representatives (1.30 %) under 30 in the 25 parliaments studied Latin America and the Caribbean is
verified.
In conclusion, the young people are under-represented in the parliaments of the region. Young people
can exercise the right to choose from 18 years and in some countries from 16 (Argentina, Brazil,
Ecuador and Nicaragua). However, from the perspective of the right to be elected, although in most
parliaments the older to enter fluctuates between 18 and 25 years, does not translate into a
representation according to the proportion of young people.
The construction and implementation of a youth agenda that addresses these challenges and to provide
structural responses for young people from areas such as parliaments is related to the quantity and
quality of participation and the nature of representation in these formal areas of the State.
5. 5
Objective
To facilitate a space for dialog between adolescents and youths and the diverse sectors interested in the
Agenda and the themes for adolescents and youths in the region, in order to generate consensus that
lead to the formulation of recommendations that cover the priorities of the region for Post 2015
Agenda in Youth.
Expected results
1. Recommendations for incorporating the needs and demands of the youth of the region in the
Post 2015 Development Agenda, and its links with the ICPD +20 and Beijing +20.
2. Alliances have been established among the participating governments, the civil society
organizations and cooperation agencies to promote the inclusion of the theme of youth on the
Regional and Global Agenda.
Themes
In order to identify the priority themes for the region, a consultation process will be implemented with
the participants prior to the forum, to reach a consensus on the indispensable themes to be addressed
and on which the region should make a pronouncement. This will make it possible to agree on the
themes that definitely will be taken to the face-to-face discussion at the Forum.
The regional Forum should have a strategic approach, so it is considered indispensable to identify those
themes with strategic vision that will propitiate transformations that can contribute to improving the
social, economic, political, environmental and/or cultural wellbeing of young people in the region,.
To this end, the following themes will figure as the basis for discussion the themes proposed for the
Post-2015 Development Agenda, among others: Eradicating poverty, Providing quality education and
learning from primary through tertiary, Empowering girls and women and achieving gender equity,
Guaranteeing healthy lives and universal access to health services (including sanitation), Creation of
jobs, sustainable subsistence, equitable growth and global commerce, Ensuring good government and
effective institutions, Ensuring peace and security in societies.
Secondly, the five themes from the United Nations’ System-Wide Action Plan for Youth (SWAP),
adopted in 2013, which include: Employment and entrepreneurship, Protection of citizen rights and
participation, Political inclusion, Education, including sexual and reproductive education, and Health.
It also considered the five priority areas of intervention of the Agenda for Development and Social
Investment in Youth: Job Placement, Education Media, Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health and
Comprehensive Sexuality Education, Violence Prevention and Citizen Participation.
6. 6
Participants
At the Forum, the participation of adolescent and youth representatives from the different sectors of
the region’s population will be prioritized, while other actors involved with the regional youth agenda
also will be invited:
a) Adolescents and youths representing national and regional networks. To this end, selection
criteria will be defined, taking into account – among other factors – the following: age, sex,
ethnicity, geographic sub region and thematic area of work.
b) Representatives of governmental mechanisms for youth
c) Representatives of offices for youth in the regional or sub-regional intergovernmental
organizations: OEA, SICA, IADB, OIJ, CARICOM, UNASUR, CELAC and others
d) Representatives of the private sector that work with young people: CAF, Microsoft and others
e) Representatives of non-governmental organizations working with young people in the region:
PLAN, CARE and others
f) Representatives of the Inter-Agency Group on Youth
g) Regional Directors of the UNS agencies.
Place and date
Quito, Ecuador, 12-14 May 2014.
Methodology
The Forum will have an interactive, participatory and novel methodology that collects the experiences
from global and regional events that have been successful in their contents and results3. On one hand,
with respect to the themes on the agenda, these will be consulted with representatives from the diverse
sectors to be invited, as has been mentioned. Considering that the region already has an advanced
discussion of the Regional Agenda for Development and Social Investment in Youth, the agenda will be
a fundamental input for the Forum.
To maximize the interaction among the participants, the “world-café” format will be used: the themes
will be presented in plenary sessions with representatives of the diverse invited sectors. Then, the
participants will be divided into small groups, maintaining the diversity among multiple sectors, to
agree on the recommendations for each theme; and finally, the recommendations will be presented in
the plenary session for the final agreements.
Prior to the Forum, a Web page will be created, through which the documents will be shared and
consultations will be made on the themes and other important aspects, so that the dialog begins before
the face-to-face forum and also continues afterward through this medium.
3
Like the Bali Youth Forum held in December 2012 and the Beyond 2015 Summit held in San José de Costa Rica in
September 2013.