The document discusses the role of computerized services in pharmacy practices and clinical research. It outlines how computers are used for patient record management, medication ordering, patient profiles, adverse drug reaction recording, and inventory control. Computers also aid in medical research, building drug information databases, and presenting information through multimedia. Clinical pharmacists and students utilize online resources, websites, and databases to gather information. Information storage and retrieval systems are used to efficiently collect and classify data that can be easily accessed. Major components include databases, search mechanisms, interfaces and retrieval techniques like Boolean searching.

1. Pharmacy Practice
Topic: Computerised Services
Reg No:2911920008
By: S.Sriram
IV-Year Batch-D Sec-II
Vinayaka Missions College of Pharmacy

2. COMPUTERISED SERVICES:
There is an important role of computer services in the basic pharmacy research and in the
development of following clinical pharmacy practices and services:
• Patient record Management.
• Entries of Medication Orders.
• Patient Medication Profile.
• Drug Therapy Monitoring and Problem Detection.
• Record of Drug-Drug Interactions.
• Record of Adverse Drug Reactions.
• Inventory control.
• Medical Research.
• Computerizing Drug Information System.
• Building Data Base..

3. PATIENT RECORD MANAGEMENT:
Following are the details for the explanation to use of computer services in
one of the clinical pharmacy practice services i.e. in management of patient
record.
Clinical computer system must guarantee about the database of patient 's
record, which is continuously updated and reproduces the current status of all
patients. This updating of patient information is done by assessing the
database of patient admitting department for the recent entries related to
new patient admission, discharge of patients, and transfer of cases.
Pharmacist need to assess this entry regularly to maintain the patient record
up to date. The computer system also capable in producing of the other
information such as; present diagnosis report, allergic history, weight and
height of patients, name of attending physician , and any special note about
the patient.

4. SOME COMPUTER SOFTWARES:
• MARTINDALEs Extra Pharmacopoeia is now available
online.
• MEDLARs (Medical literature Analysis and Retrieval system).
• MEDLINE (Medlars Online).
• NLM (National library of Medicine ).
• PNI (Pharmaceutical News Index) Contained information or
news about devices and health industries.

5. USE OF COMPUTERS IN CLINICAL
RESEARCH:
• Computer system is also used in the presentation of information in
other than text format such as use of multimedia in presentation of
information . The types of format used in multimedia are images,
sounds, graphics , animations and videos.
• There is a great role of computer in the pharmacy training and
education such as; interpretation of X -RAYS , ECG and other
diagnostic images. Various standards with reference to patient case
can be representing on multimedia and can be used to teach the
students.
• Clinical pharmacist and students also use other resources such as;
website, E-Books, and Wikipedia to gather information and data.

6. INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL
SYSTEM (ISAR)
• It is an organized process of collecting and classification of
data so that the information can be easily located and displayed
on request. Use of computers and data processing techniques
has made this possible to assess the large amount of
information for academic, government and commercia l
purposes.

7. TYPES OF STORAGE MEDIA:
• Floppy Disc
• CD and DVD
• USB Flash Drive
• SSD(Solid State Drive)
• HDD(Hard Disk Drive)

8. MAJOR COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION
RETRIEVAL:
• Database
• Search Mechanism
• Language
• Interface

9. MAJOR RETRIEVAL TECHNIQUES:
Basic Retrieval Technique:
• Boolean searching
• Case sensitivity searching
• Truncation
Advanced Retrieval Technique:
• Above techniques has been used to gather the information from different sources and
store safely. This information can also be retrieved easily and effectively upon request are
referred. Collecting information from different resources and storing it in either storage
room (maintaining paper records) or the storage devices such as; hard disk, DVD, CD is
called as information storage. This information may be in any of the form that is audio ,
video, text format.