Computer Systems

1. Basic Computer Organization
Understanding the
fundamental components of a
computer system

2. team : Slower
SARFUDDIN SIAM (251-15-228)
ATIK SHAHORIAR (251-15-353)
MD.RAFID JAKI (251-15-832)
SHAHRIAR KABIR (251-15-841)
MD. ABDULLAH (251-15-829)

3. Introduction to Computer
Organization
Definition: Computer organization
refers to the structure and functioning
of a computer’s hardware
components.
Determines how different parts of a
computer interact to execute
instructions efficiently.
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4. Basic Components of a
Computer
Input Unit
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Memory Unit
Output Unit
Storage Unit
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5. Input Unit
Accepts data from users
Converts data into a machine-
readable format
Examples: Keyboard, Mouse,
Scanner, Microphone
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6. Storage Unit
Primary Storage: Directly accessed by CPU
(RAM, ROM).
Secondary Storage: Long-term data storage
(HDD, SSD, USB drives).
Tertiary Storage: Archival storage (Cloud,
Magnetic tapes).
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7. Central Processing Unit
(CPU)
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU):
Performs calculations and logical
operations.
Control Unit (CU): Directs processor
operations.
Registers: Temporary storage for
quick data access.
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8. Memory Unit
Primary Memory (RAM, ROM): Fast,
volatile storage.
Secondary Memory (HDD, SSD): Non-
volatile long-term storage.
Cache Memory: Faster access memory
to support CPU.
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9. Output Unit
Converts processed data into human-readable
form.
Function: Their primary function is to convert digital
information into a human-readable format.
Examples: Common output devices include
monitors, speakers, printers, projectors,
headphones, and plotters.
Importance: Output units are crucial for interacting
with a computer system, as they allow users to see
and experience the results of their actions.
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10. System Bus & Communication
Data Bus: Transfers actual
data.
Address Bus: Carries memory
addresses.
Control Bus: Sends control
signals for coordination.
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11. Recap of computer components and their
functions.
Importance of understanding computer
organization.
Future advancements in computer architecture.
Summary & Conclusion
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12. THANK YOU