A computer network connects two or more computers to share resources like printers and files. Data communication is the exchange of data between devices via transmission mediums like cables. The key components of data communication are messages, senders, receivers, transmission mediums, and protocols. Protocols establish rules for sequencing, routing, formatting, flow control, error control, transmission order, connection processes, security, and logs to ensure effective data delivery, accuracy, timeliness, and minimal jitter during communication. Communication can occur in simplex, half-duplex, or full-duplex modes depending on transmission capabilities.