Computer paricharja

KgwcDUvi cwiPh©v
(KgwcDUvi nvW©Iq¨vi I mdUIq¨vi iÿYv‡eÿY MvBW)
gvneyeyi ingvb
wmm‡UK cvewj‡KkÝ wjwg‡UW
evsjvevRvi eyK GÛ KgwcDUvi Kg‡cø·
38/3, evsjvevRvi, XvKv 1100
B-†gBj t mrsyspub@yahoo.com, info@systechdigital.com
I‡qe mvBU t www.systechpublications.com
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2 KgwcDUvi cwiPh©v
KgwcDUvi cwiPh©v
cÖ_g cÖKvk t A‡±ei 2000
wØZxq cÖKvk t RyjvB 2001
cÂg cÖKvk t †deªæqvwi 2006
wØZxq ms¯‹iY t †deªæqvwii eB‡gjv 2008Bs
Z…Zxq ms¯‹iY t RyjvB 2011 Bs
cÖKvkK t cwiPvjK
wmm‡UK cvewj‡KkÝ wjt
cªª”Q` t gwbiæj nvmvb
¯^Z¡ t †jLK
K‡¤úvR t wmm‡UK cvewj‡KkÝ (cÖKvkbv wefvM)
g~j¨ t 120.00 UvKv
ISBN : 9789848980118
Computer Paricharja by Mahbubur Rahman; Published by Director ,
Systech Publications, 38/3, Banglabazar, Dhaka-1100.
 Author. Price Tk. 120.00 Only
Useful Bangla eBooks :-www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks
Library of free ebooks:www.tanbircox.blogspot.com

KgwcDUvi †gbB‡Ub¨vÝ 3
f‚wgKv
eZ©gvb hy‡M KgwcDUvi GKwU AwZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© hš¿| AvRKvj hveZxq Z_¨vw` wn‡me-
wb‡Kk, M‡elYv, djvdj cÖwµqvKiY, wbqš¿Y BZ¨vw` meB KgwcDUv‡ii gva¨‡g Kiv
n‡”Q| G ai‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GKwU hš¿ †KejgvÎ iÿYv‡eÿ‡Yi Afv‡e wbw`©ó †gqv‡ì
c~‡e©B Zvi Kvh©ÿgZv nvwi‡q †d‡j bó n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| wVKg‡Zv hZœ bv †bqv,
ayjvevwj, DòZv, Av`ª©Zv, †PŠ¤^KZ¡, ê`y¨wZK †ÿÎ, AwZwi³ we`y¨r cÖevnRwbZ mgm¨v,
KvR bv Ki‡j Zv‡K cixÿv-wbixÿvi gva¨‡g wVK bv Kiv n‡j †h †Kvb gyn~‡Z©
KgwcDUviwU A‡K‡Rv ev bó n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z †hgb Avw_©K ÿwZ n‡Z cv‡i †Zgwb
msiwÿZ Z_¨mg~n nvwi‡qI †h‡Z cv‡i| ZvB wbw`©ó †gqv`v‡šÍ KgwcDUv‡ii iÿYv‡eÿY
LyeB Riæix| KgwcDUvi wm‡÷g‡K hZUv m¤¢e Gme mgm¨v †_‡K gy³ †i‡L wbiew”Qbœ
†mev †c‡Z n‡j Gi iÿYv‡eÿY cÖ‡qvRb| Ab¨vb¨ wbZ¨ eënvh© hš¿cvwZi g‡Zv
KgwcDUviI mvaviY mevi gv‡S wePiY Ki‡Q| mvaviY eënviKvixiv hv‡Z mn‡RB G
hš¿wU fvjfv‡e eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib †mRb¨B G eB| KgwcDUvi iÿYv‡eÿY wb‡q
Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡j A‡bK welq Avmv DwPZ| G eBwU †h‡nZz mvaviY eënviKvix‡ì
D‡Ï‡k¨ †jLv ZvB hZUv m¤¢e mswÿßvKv‡i mnR K‡i †jLv n‡q‡Q| mswÿß n‡jI G‡Z
A‡bK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq G‡m‡Q| evsjv fvlvq G ai‡bi GKwU cÖKvkbv GB cÖ_g| cÖ_g
cÖKvk n‡Z ïiæ K‡i mg‡qi mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q eBwUi wewfbœ ms¯‹iY Kiv n‡q‡Q| G
ms¯‹i‡Y wewfbœ wel‡qi Avc‡MÖ‡Wkb QvovI j¨vcU‡ci iÿYv‡eÿY m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv
Kiv n‡q‡Q| AvšÍwiK †Póv ¯^‡Ë¡I A‡bK ÎywU †_‡K †h‡Z cv‡i g‡bi A‡MvP‡i|
cÖKvkbvwUi DrKl© mva‡b AwfÁ cvVKe„‡›ì †h †Kvb civgk© mv`‡i MÖnYxq|
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4 KgwcDUvi cwiPh©v
m~wPcÎ
Aa¨vq-1 t KgwcDUvi †gBb‡Ub¨vÝ
wcÖ‡fbwUf †gBb‡Ub¨vÝ Gi êwkó¨mg~n ..........................................................5
Kv‡iKwUf †gBb‡Ub¨vÝ Gi êwkó¨mg~n ..........................................................5
KgwcDUv‡ii Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †fŠZ I ê`y¨wZK cwi‡ek ......................................6
KgwcDUv‡ii Ici ZvcgvÎvi cÖfve ..............................................................6
ayjvevwj I Zvi cÖwZKvi .............................................................................8
KgwcDUvi‡K ayjvevwj n‡Z iÿv Kiv .............................................................9
KgwcDUvi cwi®‹v‡ii Av`k© Dcvq ................................................................9
KgwcDUvi‡K ayjvevwj n‡Z gy³ ivLvi Dcvq .................................................10
†PŠ¤^KZ¡ ............................................................................................... 12
ÿq ev K‡ivkb (Corrosion) ................................................................ 13
†kvi ev b‡qR .......................................................................................13
B‡jK‡Uªvg¨vM‡bwUK †iwW‡qkb ev BGgAvi (EMR) ...................................... 14
B‡j‡±ªvg¨vM‡bwUK B›Uvidv‡iÝ ev BGgAvB (EMI) ...................................... 15
B‡jK‡Uªv÷¨vwUK wWmPvR© ev BGmwW (ESD) ...............................................15
BGgAvB (EMI) †_‡K KgwcDUvi iÿYv‡eÿ‡Yi Dcvq ..................................... 16
ê`y¨wZK kU© mvwK©U.................................................................................. 16
we`y¨r mieivn mgm¨v ............................................................................... 16
we`y¨r mieivnRwbZ mgm¨v cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Dcvq .................................................17
BDwcGm (UPS) .....................................................................................18
BDwcGm Gi ¯’vwqZ¡ e„w×i Dcvq ................................................................ 19
†fv‡ëR ÷¨vwejvBRvi (Voltage Stabilizer) ..............................................20
AvBwcGm (IPS) .............................................................................. 21
KgwcDUvi K‡ÿi †fŠZ I ê`y¨wZK cwi‡ek .................................................. 21
KgwcDUv‡ii iæwUb ev wbqwgZ iÿYv‡eÿY ....................................................23
Qq gvm ci ci wK ai‡bi hZœ †bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i? ...........................................24
Aa¨vq-2 t KgwcDUvi †Kwms
KgwcDUvi †Km Gi Kfvi †Lvjv ................................................................26
Aa¨vq-3 t gwbUi
gwbU‡ii aib ........................................................................................30
gwbU‡ii wKQy mgm¨v Ges mgvavb ...............................................................31
Aa¨vq-4 t nvW©wW¯‹ WªvBf
j¨vcUc nvW©wW¯‹ .............................................................................................36
wewfbœ ai‡Yi nvW© wW¯‹ ............................................................................37

AvBwWB ev cvUv (IDE/PATA) nvW© wW¯‹ WªvBf ...............................................37
mvUv (SATA) nvW© wW¯‹ WªvBf ................................................................... 38
¯‹¨vwR (SCSI) nvW© wW¯‹ WªvBf ....................................................................39
mvm (SAS) nvW© wW¯‹ WªvBf .......................................................................40
nvW©wW¯‹ iÿYv‡eÿ‡Y KiYxq .....................................................................41
nvW©wW‡¯‹i mgm¨v wPwýZKiY ....................................................................42
nvW© wW¯‹ µ¨vk I Zvi cÖwZKvi ..................................................................43
nvW©wW¯‹ †hme Kvi‡Y µ¨vk Ki‡Z Zvi gvÎv wb‡P †`qv nj ...............................43
µ¨vk nIqv nvW©wW¯‹ †_‡K WvUv cybiæ×vi Kiv ................................................45
nvW©wW¯‹‡K ¸wQ‡q ivLv t Disk Defragmenter eënvi ......................................46
DB‡ÛvR G·wc‡Z Gi Disk Defragmenter eënvi ........................................46
DB‡ÛvR 7/wfmZv‡Z Disk Defragmenter eënvi ............................................51
nvW©wW¯‹‡K wK¬b Kiv t AcÖ‡qvRbxq dvBj ev` †`qv ..........................................54
DB‡ÛvR G·wc‡Z Disk Clean-up Ackb eënvi Kiv ......................................54
DB‡ÛvR7/wfmZv‡Z Disk Clean-up Ackb eënvi Kiv .....................................55
wimvB‡Kj web †_‡K gy‡Q nvW©wW‡¯‹i †¯úm evov‡bv .........................................57
DB‡ÛvR G·wc‡Z wimvB‡Kj we‡bi eënvi .................................................. 58
wimvB‡Kj web LvwjKiY ...........................................................................59
DB‡ÛvR †m‡fb/wfmZv‡Z wimvB‡Kj we‡bi eënvi .........................................59
wimvB‡Kj web LvwjKiY ...........................................................................60
AcÖ‡qvRbxq †cÖvMÖvg eÜ Kiv .....................................................................61
DB‡ÛvR G·wc‡Z †cÖvMÖvg hy³ Kiv ev mwi‡q †djv ..........................................61
bZzb †cÖvMÖvg Bb÷j Kiv ..........................................................................61
†Kv‡bv †cÖvMÖvg AcmviY Kiv ......................................................................62
DB‡ÛvR †m‡fb/wfmZv‡Z †cÖvMÖvg hy³ Kiv ev mwi‡q †djv ................................63
†Kvb †cÖvMÖvg AcmviY Kiv ........................................................................63
Aa¨vq-5 t Kx-‡evW© Gi eënvi
Kx †evW© eënv‡i KiYxq ...........................................................................65
Kx-‡ev‡W©i gqjv cwi®‹vi Kiv ....................................................................66
j¨vcU‡ci Kx †ev‡W©i wfZ‡ii Ask cwi¯‹vi Kiv .............................................68
j¨vcU‡c G·Uvibvj Kx †evW© eënvi Kiv .................................................... 78
wK‡evW© msµvšÍ mgm¨v I mgvavb ................................................................79
Aa¨vq-6 t gvDm
gvDm BÝUj Kiv ....................................................................................81
gvDm eënv‡i KiYxq ............................................................................. 83
Iqvi‡jm gvDm eënvi Kiv ..................................................................... 83
gvDm msµvšÍ mgm¨v I mgvavb ..................................................................84
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6 KgwcDUvi cwiPh©v
Aa¨vq-7 t AcwUK¨vj wW¯‹ WªvBf
wmwW-ig WªvB‡fi †WUv UªvÝdvi ..................................................................86
wmwW mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv.................................................................................87
wmwW †ei Kiv .......................................................................................87
wmwW WªvB‡fi †jÝ wK¬b Kiv ......................................................................88
G·Uvibvj AcwUK¨vj (wmwW/wWwfwW) WªvBf ..................................................89
wmwW/wWwfwW WªvBf cwi¯‹vi Kiv .................................................................90
wmwW/wWwfwW Gi iÿYv‡eÿY ..................................................................... 91
wmwW-Gi wewfbœ mgm¨v I mgvavb ................................................................92
Aa¨vq-8 t wcÖ›Uvi
wcÖ›Uv‡ii wewfbœ mgm¨v Ges mgvavb ........................................................... 101
Aa¨vq-9 t †cb WªvBf ev BDGmwe d¬¨vk WªvBf
d¬¨vm wW¯‹ eënv‡i KiYxq ......................................................................107
†cb WªvBf‡K fvBivm gy³ ivLv ................................................................107
Aa¨vq-10 t wnUwmb&K I Kzwjs d¨vb
wnUwmb&K ............................................................................................108
Kzwjs d¨vb .......................................................................................... 109
†W¯‹Uc KgwcDUv‡ii Kzwjs d¨vb cwi¯‹vi Kiv ............................................. 109
j¨vcU‡ci Kzwjs d¨vb cwi¯‹vi Kiv ............................................................ 110
Aa¨vq-11 t j¨vcUc eënv‡i KiYxq welqvejx
j¨vcU‡ci cv‡k a~gcvb bv Kiv ................................................................ 114
B‡jw±ªK g¨vM‡bwUK wdì †_‡K j¨vcUc‡K wbivc` `yi‡Z¡ ivLv .......................... 114
eÜ Kivi ci mv‡_ mv‡_ Pvjy bv Kiv .......................................................... 114
j¨vcU‡ci mvg‡b cvbvnvi bv Kiv ............................................................. 114
eÜ K‡i mwVKfv‡e e¨v‡M fiv .................................................................. 114
j¨vcUc wK me©`v Gwm cvIqvi †_‡K Pvjy Kiv hvq? ....................................... 115
G·Uvibvj Kx †evW© eënvi Kiv ............................................................... 115
w¯Œ‡bi eªvBU‡bm GWRv÷ Kiv ................................................................. 116
DB‡ÛvR G·wc‡Z w¯Œ‡bi eªvBU‡bm wVK Kiv ................................................ 116
DB‡ÛvR †m‡f‡b w¯Œ‡bi eªvBU‡bm wVK Kiv ................................................. 117
mvDÛ Kg eënvi Kiv ........................................................................... 117
j¨vcUc e¨vM eënvi Kiv ....................................................................... 117
k³ Zjvq j¨vcUc eënvi Kiv ................................................................ 118
nvW©eywUs bv Kiv ................................................................................... 119
GK&‡mmwiR eënv‡i mZK©Zv ................................................................... 120
fvjgv‡bi cvU©m eënvi Kiv ................................................................... 120

Iqv‡iw›U Ges Bbf‡qm WKz‡g›U mwVKfv‡e msiÿY Kiv ..................................120
Iqvi‡jm gvDm eënvi Kiv .................................................................... 121
j¨vcUc e¨vUvwi iÿYv‡eÿY Kiv ............................................................... 121
Pv‡R© _vKve¯’vq e¨vUvwi bv †Lvjv ..............................................................122
Aa¨vq-12 t †cb wW‡¯‹ †WUv msiÿY Kiv
nvW©wW¯‹ †_‡K †WUv Kwc Kiv ............................................................................124
nvW©wW¯‹ †_‡K nvW©wW‡¯‹ Kwc Kiv ......................................................................126
†gvevBj nvW©wW¯‹‡K G·Uvibvj nvW©wW¯‹ wnmv‡e eënvi Kiv ..................................131
†gvevBj nvW©wW¯‹ KbfvU©vi ...............................................................................132
wmwW ivBU Kiv ..............................................................................................133
†b‡iv evwY©s mdUIq¨v‡ii gva¨‡g wmwW ivBU Kiv ...........................................136
dvBj K‡¤cÖkb t †WUv ms‡KvwPZ K‡i ivLv .................................................139
wRc (Zip) dvBj wK? ............................................................................140
DBbwRc wK? .......................................................................................140
DBbwRc K¬¨vwmK (WinZip Classic) .....................................................140
DBbwRc DBRvW© (WinZip Wizard) ..........................................................141
DBbwRc DBRvW© eënvi K‡i dvBj K‡¤cÖk/wRc Kiv ...................................142
DBbwRc K¬vwmK gyW eënvi K‡i dvBj K‡¤cÖk/wRc Kiv ...............................146
†d¬vwUs †gby †_‡K dvBj ev †dìvi wRc Kiv ................................................148
dvBj Avb wRc Kiv ..............................................................................148
wRc dvB‡ji †cÖvcvwU©R †`Lv ....................................................................149
dvBj I †dvìvi K‡¤cÖkb (Kg‡cÖm&W GÛ wRc †dvìvi) .................................150
wWwfwW‡Z †WUv Kwc Kiv ........................................................................152
†cb wW‡¯‹ †WUv msiÿY Kiv ...................................................................152
Aa¨vq-13 t Kw¤úDUvi‡K myiwÿZ ivLv
cvmIqvW© fz‡j †M‡j wK Ki‡eb? 156
†dvìvi jK Kiv 157
†dvìvi jK bv K‡i †cÖvMÖvg †_‡K †ei nIqv .................................................160
BDRvi GKvD›U ˆZwi Kiv ....................................................................... 161
BDRvi cvmIqvW© †mU Kiv ......................................................................162
KgwcDUv‡ii cvidi‡gÝ evov‡bv ..............................................................163
÷vU© †gby †_‡K AcÖ‡qvRbxq dvBj ev` †`qv ................................................166
KwgwcDUvi µ¨vk I Zvi cÖwZKv‡ii Dcvq ...................................................167
Aa¨vq-14 t KgwcDUvi fvBivm I Gw›UfvBivm
KgwcDUvi fvBivm ................................................................................169
fvBivm KgwcDUv‡ii wK ÿwZ K‡i? ..........................................................169
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8 KgwcDUvi cwiPh©v
KgwcDUvi fvBivm Qov‡bvi gva¨gmg~n ......................................................170
fvBiv‡mi gviYv¯¿• t Gw›UfvBivm †cÖvMÖvg ....................................................170
KgwcDUvi fvBivm cÖwZKvi .................................................................... 171
fvBivm †_‡K iÿv cvIqv ....................................................................... 172
Avwfiv Gw›UfvBivm (Avira Antivirus) .......................................................173
Avira AntiVir Personal - FREE Antivirus WvDb‡jvW Kiv .............................173
Avwfiv Gw›UfvBivm BÝUj Kiv ................................................................174
Avwfiv Gw›UfvBivm‡K Avc‡WU Kiv .......................................................... 176
Avwfiv Gw›UfvBiv‡mi eënvi .................................................................. 176
K¨vmcvivw¯‹ 2010 Gw›UfvBivm ................................................................177
K¨vmcvivw¯‹ 2010 Gw›UfvBivm BÝUj Kiv .................................................177
K¨vmcvivw¯‹ Gw›UfvBivm‡K Avc‡WU Kiv.....................................................178
K¨vmcvivw¯‹ Gw›UfvBiv‡mi eënvi ............................................................ 179
DB‡ÛvR G·wc‡Z A‡Uvivb Ad K‡i fvBivm †_‡K euvPv ................................. 179
DB‡ÛvR †m‡fb/wfmZvq A‡Uvivb Ad K‡i fvBivm †_‡K euvPv ......................... 182
Aa¨vq-15 t kixi my¯’ †i‡L KgwcDUv‡i KvR Kiv
†Pv‡Li mgm¨v I mgvavb .........................................................................185
†Pv‡Li e¨vqvg .....................................................................................186
nv‡Zi eënvi .....................................................................................187
Kx-†evW© Gi eënvi ..............................................................................187
kix‡ii wewfbœ A‡½i e¨vqvg ....................................................................188
wc‡Vi e¨vqvg .......................................................................................189
Nv‡oi e¨vqvg ......................................................................................189
nvZ Ges Kwâi e¨vqvg ...........................................................................189
cv‡qi e¨vqvg ...................................................................................... 190
Kuv‡ai e¨vqvg ...................................................................................... 190
B‡jK‡Uªv g¨vM‡bwUK †iwW‡qkb ................................................................ 190
Mf©eZx‡ì Rb¨ KgwcDUvi eënvi Kiv ÿwZKi ........................................... 191
†jRvi wcÖ›Uv‡ii ÿwZKi w`K ................................................................... 191
cÖwZ‡iva ............................................................................................ 191
j¨vcU‡c KvR Kivi cwi‡ek ................................................................... 191

Aa¨vq-1
KgwcDUvi †gBb‡Ub¨vÝ
KgwcDUvi wm‡÷g †_‡K me©vwaK myweav cvIqvi Rb¨ mwVKfv‡e Gi hZœ †bqv,
wbw`©ó mgq ci ci Gi wewfbœ hš¿vsk Ges Avbylw½K hš¿vsk cixÿv-wbixÿvi
gva¨‡g cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯’v MÖnY, †Kv‡bv hš¿ wVKgZ KvR bv Ki‡j Zv †givgZ
wKsev cÖ‡qvR‡b cwieZ©b Kiv cÖf„wZ‡K mgwš^Zfv‡e Kw¤úDUvi †gBb‡Ub¨vÝ ev
iÿYv‡eÿY ejv nq| KgwcDUvi †gBb‡Ub¨vÝ‡K mvaviYZ `ywU cÖavb fv‡M fvM
Kiv hvq| G¸‡jv n‡jv t
1. cÖwZ‡ivag~jK iÿYv‡eÿY (Preventive Maintanance)
2. cÖwZKvig~jK iÿYv‡eÿY (Corrective Maintanance)
wcÖ‡fbwUf †gBb‡Ub¨vÝ Gi êwkó¨mg~n t
1. KgwcDUv‡i hv‡Z †Kv‡bv ai‡bi mgm¨v m„wó bv nq we‡kl K‡i Gi
nvW©Iq¨viRwbZ †Kv‡bv mgm¨v bv nq †mRb¨ wcÖ‡fbwUf †gBb‡Ub¨vÝ
Gi †ÿ‡Î Av‡M †_‡KB wKQz mZK©Zvg~jK eë¯’v MÖnY Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
2. KgwcDUv‡ii †ÿ‡Î wcÖ‡fbwUf †gBb‡Ub¨vÝ wn‡m‡e hv Ki‡Z n‡e Zv
n‡”Q iæwUb mvwf©wms ev wK¬wbs|
3. GB ai‡bi †gBb‡Ub¨vÝ Gi †ÿ‡Î cwi‡ekMZ wKQz welq n‡Z
KgwcDUvi‡K myiÿv w`‡Z nq| †hgbÑ AwZwi³ Zvc, ayjvevwj I
Ab¨vb¨ gqjv, b‡qm B›Uviwdqv‡iÝ, ê`y¨wZK mgm¨v, K‡ivkb, †PŠ¤^K
†ÿÎ BZ¨vw`|
Kv‡iKwUf †gBb‡Ub¨vÝ Gi êwkó¨mg~n t
1. Kv‡iKwUf †gBb‡Ub¨vÝ Gi †ÿ‡Î KgwcDUv‡i m„ó mgm¨v¸‡jv‡K
ms‡kva‡bi Dcvq wb‡q KvR Kiv nq|
2. GB †gBb‡Ub¨vÝ Gi †ÿ‡Î mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Av‡M Aek¨B mgm¨vi
aib, KviY I cÖK…wZ wb‡q wPšÍv K‡i mwVK wm×v‡šÍ †cuŠQ‡Z nq| ZvQvov
mgm¨vwU †Kv_vq †mwUI wba©viY Ki‡Z nq|
3. KgwcDUv‡ii mgm¨v †Kej KgwcDUv‡ii hš¿vsk wb‡qB ev nvW©Iq¨vi
†_‡KB m„wó n‡e Ges Zv nvW©Iq¨vi c×wZ‡ZB mgvavb Ki‡Z n‡e Ggb
†Kv‡bv K_v †bB| A‡bK †ÿ‡Î nvW©Iq¨v‡ii mgm¨v mdUIq¨v‡ii
mvnv‡h¨ mbv³ Ki‡Z nq| ZvB mdUIq¨v‡ii eënvi Qvov Kv‡iKwUf
†gBb‡Ub¨vÝ ev UªvejïÜ Z_v nvW©Iq¨v‡ii cÖK…Z eënvi wbwðZ Kiv
m¤¢e bq|
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2 KgwcDUvi cwiPh©v
KgwcDUv‡ii Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †fŠZ I ê`y¨wZK cwi‡ek
KgwcDUvi AmsL¨ ms‡e`bkxj B‡j±ªwbK Dcv`vb w`‡q ˆZwi| ZvB wewfbœ †fŠZ
Ae¯’v Gi Dci Lye mn‡RB cÖfve we¯Ívi Ki‡Z cv‡i| KgwcDUvi eë¯’v †_‡K
me©vwaK †mev cvIqvi Rb¨ G‡K Aek¨B Dchy³ †fŠZ cwi‡e‡k ivL‡Z n‡e|
KgwcDUv‡ii ÿwZmvab Ki‡Z cv‡i Ggb K‡qKwU †fŠZ Ae¯’v n‡jv t
 AZ¨waK ZvcgvÎv
 AZ¨waK ˆkZ¨
 AwaK Av`ª©Zv
 wbiwew”Qbœ we`y¨r cÖevn bv cvIqv
 ê`y¨wZK †ÿ‡Îi D™¢e ev B‡jK‡Uªv÷¨vwUK wWmPvR©
 †PŠ¤^K †ÿÎ m„wó
 ayjvevwj cov
 †auvqv
 cÖvK…wZK ÿq
 †kvi ev b‡qR
 ¯úvBK I mvR©
 B‡jK‡Uªvg¨vM‡bwUK †iwW‡qkb ev BGgAvi
 B‡jK‡Uªvg¨vM‡bwUK B›Uvidv‡iÝ ev BGgAvB
 B‡jK‡Uªv÷¨vwUK wWmPvR© ev BGmwW
 wewfbœ ai‡bi Zij c`v_© cov
DcwiD³ †fŠZ Ae¯’v QvovI Av‡iv †h me Kvi‡Y KgwcDUv‡ii ÿwZ nevi
m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv n‡”Q t
 gwbU‡i mgm¨v
 WªvBfRwbZ mgm¨v
 mdUIq¨viRwbZ mgm¨v
 fvBivm AvµgY
 ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii d‡j hš¿ ev hš¿vs‡ki ÿwZmvab
KgwcDUv‡ii Ici ZvcgvÎvi cÖfve
KgwcDUvi Aek¨B GKwU wbw`©ó gvÎv ch©šÍ Zvc mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i| A_©vr mvaviY
Ges mnbkxj ZvcgvÎv KgwcDUv‡ii Rb¨ ÿwZKi bq| Z‡e AZ¨waK ZvcgvÎv
KgwcDUv‡ii ÿwZi KviY n‡Z cv‡i| G AwaK ZvcgvÎvi D™¢e wewfbœfv‡e NU‡Z

cv‡i| GKwU KgwcDUv‡ii Af¨šÍixY ZvcgvÎv e„w× Ges Ab¨wU evwn¨K ev
cwi‡ekMZfv‡e ZvcgvÎv e„w×| Af¨šÍixY ZvcgvÎv bvbv Kvi‡Y e„w× †c‡Z cv‡i|
KgwcDUvi †h‡nZz wewfbœ mvwK©‡Ui mgš^‡q MwVZ GKwU B‡jKUªwbK wWfvBm,
†m‡nZz Gi Af¨šÍi¯’ cÖwZwU B‡jKUªwbK wWfvBmB we`y¨r cÖev‡ni Kvi‡Y DËß
n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i| Avi GB DòZv‡K `ªæZ Kgv‡Z cvi‡j wWfvBmwU `xN©w`b
Kg©ÿg _v‡K| D”P ZvcgvÎvq A‡bK mgq KgwcDUv‡ii wewfbœ hš¿vsk weKj n‡q
†h‡Z cv‡i| we‡kl K‡i †ewk A¨vWvÞvi KvW© mshy³ _vK‡j we`y¨r Pvwn`vI e„w×
cvq| Avi GB Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z wM‡q hš¿wU AZ¨waK DËß n‡q I‡V| G‡Z
B‡jKwUªK mvwK©U bó n‡q hvevi mg~n m¤¢vebv †`Lv †`q| KgwcDUv‡ii wewfbœ
mvwK©‡Ui Zvc MÖnY Ges mnbÿgZv wfbœ| ZvB ZvcgvÎv †ewk n‡j G‡ÿ‡Î
mvwK©UwU weKj n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| m~‡h©i Av‡jv DËvc m„wóKvix cwi‡ekMZ ev
evwn¨K GKwU Dcv`vb| `xN©ÿY mivmwi KgwcDUv‡ii Ici cÖLi m~h©wKiY co‡j
GwU Mig n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i, GgbwK cÖPÐ DËv‡c †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv hš¿cvwZ ev
cøvw÷KRvZxq AveiY M‡j hvIqvI A¯^vfvweK bq|
KgwcDUvi wWfvB‡mi †ÿ‡Î DòZv †Kgb nIqv cÖ‡qvRb? wKfv‡e
DòZv wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq?
KgwcDUv‡ii Rb¨ ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv Avek¨K| G‡Z KgwcDUv‡ii Ici †Zgb
cÖfve c‡o bv| Z‡e Lye †ewk DòZv _vKv DwPZ bq| KgwcDUvi wWfvB‡mi
†ÿ‡Î DòZv †Kv‡bv cÖKv‡iB †hb 40C AwZµg bv K‡i †mw`‡K jÿ¨ ivLv
cÖ‡qvRb| DòZv wbqš¿Y Z_v Kgv‡bvi me‡P‡q fv‡jv Dcvq n‡”Q KgwcDUviwU‡K
wbqwš¿Z DòZvi N‡i ¯’vcb Kiv| A_©vr G‡K kxZvZc wbqwš¿Z N‡i ¯’vcb Kiv|
Z‡e Avgv‡ì g‡Zv GKwU Dbœqbkxj †`‡k G c×wZwUi eë¯’v ivLv mevi Rb¨
m¤¢e bvI n‡Z cv‡i| †m †ÿ‡Î wcwmwU‡K Ggb GKwU N‡i ivL‡Z n‡e †hLv‡b
ch©vß evqy PjvP‡ji eë¯’v i‡q‡Q Ges wba©vwiZ NiwU hv‡Z m~‡h©i Av‡jv †_‡K
`~‡i _v‡K Ges VvÐv nq Zv wbwðZ Kiv|
wK ai‡bi eë¯’v wb‡j ZvcgvÎvi ÿwZKi cÖfve †_‡K KgwcDUvi‡K
iÿv Kiv hvq?
ZvcgvÎvi ÿwZKi cÖfve †_‡K KgwcDUvi‡K gy³ ivL‡Z †hme c`‡ÿc †bIqv
cÖ‡qvRb †m¸‡jv n‡”QÑ
 AwaK DËv‡c †gwkb Mig n‡q †M‡j wKQy mg‡qi Rb¨ ê`y¨wZK ms‡hvM
gy³ K‡i KgwcDUvi‡K ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎvq Avb‡Z n‡e Ges
KgwcDUviwU cybivq eënv‡ii c~‡e© VvÐv n‡Z h‡_ó mgq †c‡q‡Q wKbv
Zv jÿ¨ ivL‡Z n‡e|
 m¤¢e n‡j hš¿wU‡K kxZvZc wbqwš¿Z N‡i ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi Zv
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4 KgwcDUvi cwiPh©v
hw` m¤¢e bv nq Z‡e †gvUvgywU evqy PjvPj K‡i Giƒc VvÐv N‡i hš¿wU
¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
 KgwcDUv‡i eëüZ wmwW Ges wW¯‹mg~n hZUv m¤¢e AZ¨waK DòZvhy³
¯’vb †_‡K mwi‡q ï®‹ Ges VvÐv ¯’v‡b ivL‡Z n‡e|
 AZ¨waK DËv‡ci d‡j h‡š¿i mv‡_ †j‡M _vKv ayjvevwj hv‡Z ¯’vqxfv‡e
e‡m bv hvq †m Rb¨ wbqwgZ ayjvevwj cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e|
ayjvevwj I Zvi cÖwZKvi
Lvwj †Pv‡L †`Lv bv †M‡jI evqy‡Z cÖPzi aywjKYv †f‡m †eovq Ges Gme aywjKYv
µgvMZ co‡Z co‡Z ayjvi Av¯ÍiY m„wó K‡i| ïay KgwcDUv‡ii IciB bq,
†h‡Kv‡bv e¯‘i Ici ayjvevwj co‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e B‡jKUªwbK hš¿vwì Ici ayjv
GKUz †ewkB c‡o| Gi KviY n‡”Q h‡š¿ hLb DËv‡ci m„wó nq ZLb GB DËvc
Øviv evqyw¯’Z aywjKYv mn‡RB AvKwl©Z n‡q c‡o| GQvov KgwcDUv‡ii Af¨šÍi¯’
mvwK©Umg~n ev hš¿vwì ga¨ w`‡q we`y¨r cÖev‡ni d‡j ê`y¨wZK †ÿ‡Îi m„wó n‡j
GB †ÿÎ ØvivI ayjvevwj AvKwl©Z nq| µgvMZfv‡e G cÖwµqv Pj‡Z _vK‡j
hš¿wU ayjvevwj Øviv AvµvšÍ n‡q c‡o Ges ayjv Rg‡Z _v‡K| ê`y¨wZK †ÿÎ
QvovI A‡bK mgq B‡jK‡Uªvg¨vM‡bwUK wdì ev we`y¨r Pz¤^Kxq †ÿÎ ˆZwi nq hv
evqyw¯’Z PvwR©Z aywjKYv‡K AvKl©Y K‡i wb‡Ri Kv‡Q wb‡q Av‡m| mvaviYZ G
mg¯Í Kvi‡YB KgwcDUvi ayjvevwj Øviv AvµvšÍ nq| ayjvevwj Øviv AvµvšÍ n‡j
KgwcDUv‡ii †hme ÿwZ n‡Z cv‡i †m¸‡jv n‡”Q t
 ayjvevwj ev Ab¨vb¨ m~² gqjv gv`vi‡evW© ev KvW©¸‡jvi Ici R‡g
G‡ì‡K Zvc wewKi‡Y evav cÖ`vb K‡i| d‡j KgwcDUv‡ii †fZ‡ii
B‡jKUªwbK wWfvBm¸‡jv AwZwi³ DËß n‡q I‡V hv KgwcDUvi
wm‡÷‡gi Rb¨ ÿwZKi n‡Z cv‡i|
 ayjvevwj cvIqvi mvcøvB, nvW©wW¯‹, d¬wcwW¯‹ WªvBf cÖf…wZi evqy PjvP‡ji
c‡_ Rgv n‡q evqy PjvP‡j cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó K‡i KgwcDUv‡ii e¨vcK
ÿwZmvab Ki‡Z cv‡i|
 KgwcDUv‡ii N~Y©vqgvb As‡k ayjvevwj Rg‡j †mB As‡k N~Y©bMwZ kø_
n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i|
 DËv‡ci d‡j wewfbœ ¯’v‡b †j‡M _vKv ayjvevwj k³ Ges AvVv‡jv n‡q
hš¿vs‡ki Mv‡q ¯’vqxfv‡e †j‡M _vK‡Z cv‡i|
 A‡bK mgq wW¯‹ WªvB‡f RgvK…Z gqjv G‡K weKjI K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i|
 wewfbœ wcb Ges Kv‡b±‡i c‡o ayjvevwj A·vBW RvZxq c`v_© ˆZwi
K‡i, G‡Z KgwcDUv‡ii ¯^vfvweK KvRKg© A‡bK mgqB e¨vnZ nq|

 wW‡¯‹i Ici µgvMZ ayjvevwj co‡Z _vK‡j Zv A‡bK †ÿ‡Î wW‡¯‹i
msiwÿZ Z_¨vwì Awbó mvab Ki‡Z cv‡i|
m‡e©vcwi ayjvevwj KgwcDUvi hš¿vsk Ges mvwK©U¸‡jv‡K ÿwqòz K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i|
KgwcDUvi‡K ayjvevwj n‡Z iÿv Kiv
Kv‡Ri †k‡l KgwcDUviwU eÜ Kivi ci evB‡ii ayjvevwj h_vm¤¢e wUmy¨ ev big
Kvco w`‡q cwi®‹vi K‡i wb‡q mwÂZ Zvc wewKi‡Y KgwcDUvi‡K LvwbKUv mgq
w`‡Z n‡e| Gici hš¿wU VvÐv n‡q G‡j A_©vr ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vq Avm‡j Wv÷
Kfvi w`‡q KgwcDUviwU †X‡K w`‡Z n‡e| evRv‡i cøvw÷‡Ki ˆZwi Wv÷ Kfvi
cvIqv hvq hv Avjv`vfv‡e wmwcBD, gwbUi Ges wK‡ev‡W© eënvi Kiv hvq| Wv÷
Kfvi bv _vK‡j fvwi Kvco w`‡q KgwcDUviwU †X‡K ivL‡Z n‡e †hb †Kv‡bv
AskB evB‡i bv _v‡K| ayjvevwj cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Rb¨ KgwcDUvi K‡ÿi ìRv-Rvbvjv
eÜ ivLv DwPZ| KgwcDUv‡ii mvg‡b a~gcvb Kiv ev ¸u‡ov Lvevi LvIqv wVK bq|
wbw`©ó mgq AšÍi mwVK wbq‡g KgwcDUvi cwi®‹vi Kiv DwPZ|
wPÎ t BDGmwe wgwb Wv÷ wK¬bvi
KgwcDUvi cwi®‹v‡ii Av`k© Dcvq
KgwcDUvi cwi®‹v‡ii Av`k© Dcvq n‡”Q †eøvqvi A_ev f¨vKzqvg wK¬bvi hš¿
eënvi| GKwU wbw`©ó mgq AšÍi AšÍi †Kwms Gi XvKbv Kfvi Ly‡j gv`vi‡evW©
Ges wewfbœ KvW©¸‡jv †eøvqvi w`‡q ayjvgy³ ivLv DwPZ| G mgq jÿ ivLv DwPZ
†hb K‡¤úv‡b›Umg~‡ni ms‡hvM boe‡o bv n‡q hvq|
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6 KgwcDUvi cwiPh©v
wPÎ t f¨vKzqvg wK¬bvi
KgwcDUvi‡K ayjvevwj n‡Z gy³ ivLvi Dcvq
KgwcDUvi‡K ayjvevwj n‡Z gy³ Ki‡Z †h mg¯Í Dcvq Aej¤^b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i
†m¸‡jv n‡”QÑ
 KgwcDUvi eÜ Kivi ciciB GwU VvÐv n‡j Kvco w`‡q Gi
ewnivei‡Yi ayjvevwj gy‡Q cwi®‹vi Kiv|
 mßv‡n AšÍZ GKw`b wK‡evW©, gwbUi, gvDm, wmwcBD BZ¨vwì Mv‡q
†j‡M _vKv ayjvevwj cwi®‹vi Kiv DwPZ|
 ayjvevwj †iv‡a Wv÷ Kfvi eënvi Kiv DwPZ|
 KgwcDUviwU KLbB †Lvjv Rvbvjvi cv‡k ivLv wVK bq| G‡Z K‡i
Rvbvjv w`‡q Avmv ayjvevwj Ges e„wó Lye mn‡RB wm‡÷gwU bó K‡i
w`‡Z cv‡i|
 A¨vj‡Kvnj mg„× wK¬bvi, Zzjv ev big mywZ Kvco w`‡q Lye mn‡RB
KgwcDUv‡ii evwn¨K hš¿vsk¸‡jv cwi®‹vi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
 †h mg¯Í ïK‡bv Lvevi ¸uov Drcbœ K‡i Zv KgwcDUv‡ii mvg‡b e‡m
LvIqv DwPZ bq|
 KgwcDUv‡ii mvg‡b e‡m a~gcvb Kiv DwPZ bq| G‡Z a~gcvb mvgMÖxi
QuvB RvZxq ayjv gqjv KgwcDUv‡ii hš¿vs‡k co‡Z cv‡i|
 wmwcBD Ges gwbU‡ii ewniveiY Ly‡j †fZ‡ii gqjv cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z
†eøvqvi ev f¨vKzqvg wK¬bvi eënvi Kiv DËg|
 mvwK©U‡evW© ev gv`vi‡evW© †Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡ZB wfRv Kvco I Zzjv w`‡q
cwi®‹vi Kiv hv‡e bv|

 Zij RvZxq c`v‡_©i ms¯úk© n‡Z KgwcDUviwU‡K h_vm¤¢e `~‡i ivLv
DwPZ|
 gwbUi w¯Œb cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z ÷¨vwUK wiwWDwms c`v_© gv‡S gv‡S e¨envi
Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
 KLbI ivBU Kiv wmwW/wWwfwW BZ¨vw`i †h cv‡k Z_¨ ivBU Kiv n‡q
_v‡K †mLv‡b ¯úk© Kiv DwPZ bq| G‡Z nv‡Z †j‡M _vKv ayjvevwj
†j‡M †h‡Z cv‡i|
 gv‡S gv‡S gvD‡mi Uª¨vKejwU Ly‡j Gi †fZ‡ii Ask cwi®‹vi Kiv
DwPZ|
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8 KgwcDUvi cwiPh©v
†PŠ¤^KZ¡
KgwcDUv‡ii Rb¨ †PŠ¤^KZ¡ ÿwZi KviY n‡q ùvovq| Pz¤^‡Ki cÖfve †ewk KvR
K‡i KgwcDUvi wW¯‹ Ges wW¯‹ WªvB‡fi Ici| †PŠ¤^K c`v_© d¬wc wW¯‹ ev nvW©
wW‡¯‹i †WUv ¯’vqxfv‡e bó K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i| Gi †fZi †KvwU †KvwU AYyPz¤^K
we`¨gvb| ZvB hw` †Kv‡bv kw³kvjx †PŠ¤^K‡ÿÎ ev D”P wefe nvW© wW¯‹ Ges d¬wc
wW‡¯‹i KvQvKvwQ Ae¯’vb K‡i, Z‡e Gme wW‡¯‹i †fZ‡i AYyPz¤^‡Ki web¨vm ev
m¾v G‡jv‡g‡jv n‡q hvq| d‡j G‡Z msiwÿZ Z_¨vwÌ G‡jv‡g‡jv ev webó n‡q
hvq| G‡Z eënviKvix ÿwZi m¤§yLxb n‡q _v‡Kb|
mvaviYZ M„n¯’vjx‡Z eënvh© B‡jKwUªK¨vj mvgMÖx D”P wefe ev †PŠ¤^Kxq Av‡ek
m„wó K‡i| M„n¯’vjx‡Z eëüZ †Uwjwfkb, wfwmwc, wfwmAvi, †Uwj‡dvb BZ¨vw`
Ges KgwcDUv‡ii mv‡_ hy³ gwbUi, wcÖ›Uvi BZ¨vw` †PŠ¤^Kxq Av‡ek m„wó K‡i
_v‡K| †PŠ¤^Kxq Av‡e‡ki ÿwZKi cÖfve †_‡K iÿv †c‡Z Gme eënvh© hš¿vw`

h_vm¤¢e `~‡i ivLv DwPZ| Avi gwbUi, wcÖ›Uvi BZ¨vw` †_‡K wbivc` `~i‡Z¡ wW¯‹ I
wW¯‹ WªvBf ivLv DwPZ| evmvq eëüZ †Uwj‡dvb ev †h‡Kv‡bv Z_¨ cwienb
K¨vej KgwcDUvi †_‡K `~‡i ivLv cÖ‡qvRb| G mg¯Í eë¯’v MÖnY Ki‡j †PŠ¤^K
cÖfve †_‡K KgwcDUvi‡K iÿv Kiv hvq|
ÿq ev K‡ivkb (Corrosion)
`xN©w`b eënv‡ii d‡j †h‡Kv‡bv wRwb‡mB ÿqfve †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| KgwcDUviI
Gi evB‡i bq| e¯‘Z KgwcDUvi eû ÿz`ª ai‡bi hš¿vsk †hgb t mvwK©U, ms‡hvM
wcb, B›Uvi‡dm KvW©, wPc, wcb, K¨vej BZ¨vw` wRwb‡mi mgš^‡q MwVZ|
eënv‡ii †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv ch©v‡q GgbwK cÖwZwbqZ G¸‡jv bvbv ai‡bi ivmvqwbK
cwieZ©‡bi m¤§yLxb nq| G‡Z K‡i D³ hš¿vsk¸‡jv miæ n‡q c‡o| G RvZxq
ivmvqwbK cwieZ©b‡KB ÿq ev K‡ivkb e‡j AwfwnZ Kiv nq| ÿq ev K‡ivkb
(Corrosion) mvaviYZ wZb cÖKvi n‡q _v‡K| G¸‡jv n‡”QÑ
 Aw·‡Wkb cÖwµqv
 AvenvIqvRwbZ ev GU‡gvm‡dwiK ÿq cÖwµqv
 M¨vj‡fwbK ÿq cÖwµqv
KgwcDUvi‡K ÿq cÖwµqv †_‡K iÿv Ki‡Z wewfbœ KgwcDUvi wbg©vZv cÖwZôvb
Zv‡ì Drcvw`Z c‡Y¨ we‡kl ai‡bi avZz I msKi avZzi cÖ‡jc w`‡q _v‡K| Z‡e
Gme KgwcDUvi wKQyUv `vwg| Gme cÖ‡jchy³ cY¨ wKQyUv e¨qeûj n‡jI ÿq
cÖwZ‡ivaKvix| ÿq cÖwµqv †iv‡ai GKwU mnR Dcvq n‡jv wbqwgZ cwi®‹vi Kiv|
wewfbœ B›Uvi‡dm KvW©, K¨vej, ms‡hvM wcb, †¯úÖ `ªeY cvIqv hvq hv eënvi Kiv
†h‡Z cv‡i| big ivevi, Ggvwi K¬_ BZ¨vw` Øviv mn‡RB ms‡hvM ¯’‡j †j‡M _vKv
A·vBW cwi®‹vi Kiv hvq| wewfbœ B›Uvi‡dm KvW©, K¨vej, ms‡hvM wcb, †¯úÖ-Gi
mvnv‡h¨ cwi®‹vi †i‡LI ÿq wbeviY Kiv hvq|
†kvi ev b‡qR
AbvKvw•ÿZ †fv‡ëR, Kv‡i›U, †WUv Ges kã‡K †kvi ev b‡qR (Noise) ejv nq|
KgwcDUvi wcÖ›Uv‡ii kã, w¯úKv‡ii AcÖ‡qvRbxq kã BZ¨vw` b‡q‡Ri AšÍfy©³|
wZb ai‡bi b‡qR n‡jv t
1. kvwãK b‡qRÑ G b‡qR eënviKvixi Kv‡Ri g‡bv‡hvM bó K‡i|
2. KgwcDUvi wm‡÷‡gi ÿwZKviK b‡qR|
3. Ab¨vb¨ B‡j±ªwbK hš¿vs‡ki Dci ÿwZKi cÖfve m„wóKvix b‡qR|
wcÖ›Uv‡ii AbvKvw•ÿZ kã n‡jv kvwãK b‡qR| G b‡qR `~i Kivi Rb¨ mvDÛ
Uª¨vwcs Gb‡K¬vRvi eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| GQvovI kã †kvlY †dvg (Sound
absorbing foam) eënvi K‡iI kvwãK b‡qR †_‡K KgwcDUvi‡K iÿv Kiv
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10 KgwcDUvi cwiPh©v
hvq| wW¯‹ WªvBf I wcÖ›Uv‡ii wb‡P c¨vW eënvi K‡iI b‡q‡Ri gvÎv Kgv‡bv
hvq| KgwcDUv‡ii cvIqvi mvcøvB, d¨vb, ms‡hvM, K¨vej, d¬y‡i‡m›U jvBU BZ¨vw`
KZ…©K m„ó b‡qR‡K KgwcDUv‡ii wm‡÷g b‡qR ejv nq|
¯úvBK I mvR© (Spike and Surge)
nVvr K‡i AZ¨šÍ ¯^í mg‡qi Rb¨ ê`y¨wZK kw³ †e‡o hvIqv‡K ¯úvBK (Spike)
ejv nq| ¯úvBK wbevi‡Yi eë¯’v bv _vK‡j mvwK©‡Ui †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv As‡ki ÿwZ
n‡Z cv‡i| ê`y¨wZK wef‡ei ÿY¯’vqx †e‡o hvIqv‡K mvR© ejv nq| wgUv‡i
cÖ`k©b Kiv hvq, Kgc‡ÿ GZUzKz mgqKvj ch©šÍ mv‡R©i ¯’vwqZ¡ _v‡K|
B‡jK‡Uªvg¨vM‡bwUK †iwW‡qkb ev BGgAvi (EMR)
BGgAvi (EMR) Gi c~Y© bvg ÔB‡jK‡Uªvg¨vM‡bwUK †iwW‡qkbÕ| G ai‡bi
AevwÃZ `~lY ev wewKwiZ iwk¥ KgwcDUUvi eë¯’v Ges mswkøó cÖhyw³c‡Yï ÿwZ
mvab K‡i _v‡K| BGgAvi‡K g~jZ `yBfv‡M fvM Kiv nq|
1. D”P K¤úvs‡Ki BGgAvi
2. wbæ K¤úvs‡Ki BGgAvi
BGgAvi b‡q‡Ri K¤úvsK hw` 1 nvU©R †_‡K 10 wK‡jvnvU©‡Ri g‡a¨ nq, Z‡e
Zv‡K wbæ K¤úvs‡Ki BGgAvi ev AviGdAvB (†iwWI wd«‡Kv‡qwÝ B›Uvidv‡iÝ)
ejv nq| AviGdAvB (RFI) `yB cÖKvi| h_v t
(K) cwievwnZ AviGdAvB (Conducted RFI)
(L) wewKwiZ AviGdAvB (Rediated RFI)
cwievwnZ AviGdAvB (RFI)
KgwcDUv‡i m„ó b‡qR cvIqvi K‡W©i (Cord) gva¨‡g Gwm cvIqvi jvBb w`‡q
cwievwnZ n‡q AviGdAvB m„wó nq| G‡ÿ‡Î Gwm cvIqvi jvBb G‡›Ubv wn‡m‡e
KvR K‡i Ges b‡qR B›Uvidv‡iÝ †cÖiY K‡i|
wewKwiZ AviGdAvB (RFI)
KgwcDUvi eë¯’v Ges Gi mv‡_ mswkøó K¨vej KZ…©K wewKwiZ AviGdAvB
b‡qR‡K wewKwiZ AviGdAvB ejv nq| AviGdAvB (RFI) b‡q‡Ri cÖfve †_‡K
KgwcDUvi gy³ ivL‡Z n‡j t
1. †Uwjwfkb †_‡K KgwcDUvi‡K Kgc‡ÿ 6 dzU `~‡i ivL‡Z nq|
2. wW‡iKkbvj AvDU‡Wvi wUwf G‡›Ubv eënvi Ki‡Z nq|
3. wUwf †m‡Ui mv‡_ jvBb wdëvi mshy³ Ki‡Z nq|
4. UzBb-wjW Iq¨vi (Twin-lead wire) Gi cwie‡Z© G‡›Ubvi Rb¨ 75
In‡gi mgvwÿK K¨vej eënvi Ki‡Z nq|

B‡j‡±ªvg¨vM‡bwUK B›Uvidv‡iÝ ev BGgAvB (EMI)
BGgAvB ev B‡j‡±ªvg¨vM‡bwUK B›Uvidv‡iÝ KgwcDUv‡ii ÿwZ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
wewfbœ Drm †_‡K BGgAvB b‡qR m„wó n‡Z cv‡i; †hgb
(K) KjKviLvbvq eëüZ hš¿cvwZ
(L) wPwKrmv miÄvgvw`
(M) M‡elYv hš¿cvwZ
(N) B‡jKwUªK †gvUi
(O) wWªj †gwkb
(P) KivZ Kj BZ¨vw`
GQvov KgwcDUv‡ii Af¨šÍi¯’ eZ©bxi Lvivc †mvjWvwis, wXjv ms‡hvM BZ¨vwì
Kvi‡YI BGgAvB Drcbœ n‡Z cv‡i| BGgAvB ev B‡j‡±ªvg¨vM‡bwUK B›Uvidv‡iÝ
g~jZ wZb cÖKvi| h_v
(K) UªvwÝ‡q›U BGgAvB (Transient EMI)
(L) B›Uvibvj BGgAvB (Internal EMI)
(M) B‡jK‡Uªv÷¨vwUK wWmPvR© (ESD - Electrostatic discharge)
UªvwÝ‡q›U BGgAvB (Transient EMI)
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv ê`y¨wZK hš¿ ev hš¿vsk Ab/Ad Kivi mgq m„ó ¯úvBK ev
AbvKvw•ÿZ mvov‡K Uªvwm‡q›U BGgAvB ejv nq|
B›Uvibvj BGgAvB (Internal EMI)
gv`vi‡evW© Ges mswkøó Ab¨vb¨ eZ©bx Øviv m„ó b‡qR‡K B›Uvibvj BGgAvB ejv
nq|
B‡jK‡Uªv÷¨vwUK wWmPvR© ev BGmwW (ESD)
¯^íKvj ¯’vqx B‡jKwUªK¨vj wW÷vi‡eÝ‡K (Disturbance) wMøP ejv nq| wMø‡Pi
¯’vwqZ¡ †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv wWwRUvj mvwK©‡Ui ÿwZ mva‡bi Rb¨ h‡_ó| wMøP (Glitch)
g~jZ B‡jK‡Uªv÷¨vwUK wWmPvR© ev BGmwW (ESD) Gi d‡j Drcbœ nq|
B‡jK‡Uªv÷¨vwUK wWmPvR© wMø‡Pi K‡qKwU Drm n‡jv t
(K) gvby‡li nuvUvPjv
(L) AwZ DËß hš¿vsk
(M) h_vh_ MÖvDwÛs bv _vKv
(N) †Ke‡ji Lvivc wkwìs (Shielding)
(O) Lvivc KvjvB ms‡hvM
(P) Kg Av`ª©Zv
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BGmwW b‡q‡Ri ÿwZKi cÖfve †_‡K KgwcDUvi iÿ‡Yi Rb¨ wbæwjwLZ eë¯’v
†bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i t
1. KgwcDUvi Ges mswkøó hš¿vs‡k Gw›U÷¨vwUK †¯cÖ eënvi Ki‡Z nq|
2. KgwcDUvi K‡ÿ ÷¨vwUK-wd« Kv‡c©U eënvi Ki‡Z nq|
3. KgwcDUvi †Pqv‡ii wb‡P Gw›U÷¨vwUK gv`yi weQv‡Z nq|
4. Av`ª©Zv me mgq 50%-Gi Dc‡i eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ wWwnDwgwWdvqvi
eënvi Kiv ìKvi|
5. †g‡S‡Z Gw›U÷¨vwUK gv`yi bv w`‡j, Gw›U÷¨vwUK `ªeY Øviv †g‡S
cwi®‹vi Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
6. KbWvw±f (Conductive) †dv‡gi Dci wPc ¯’vcb Ki‡Z nq|
7. KgwcDUv‡ii †Kv‡bv hš¿vsk ev mvwK©U ¯úk© Kivi c~‡e© MÖvD‡ÛW avZe
e¯‘ ¯úk© K‡i wb‡Z nq|
BGgAvB (EMI) †_‡K KgwcDUvi iÿYv‡eÿ‡Yi Dcvq
BGgAvB b‡qR †_‡K KgwcDUvi iÿYv‡eÿ‡Yi Rb¨ wkwìs (Shielding),
MÖvD‡ÛW K¨vej (Grounded Cable), wdëvi (Filter), UªvwÝ‡q›U †kvlK
(Transient absorber) BZ¨vw` eënvi Ki‡Z nq| †gUvj Gb‡K¬vRvi ev †gUvj
†Km eënvi Ki‡j wewfbœ iKg BGgAvB b‡qR KgwcDUv‡ii gv`vi‡evW© wKsev
B›Uvi‡dm mvwK©‡U †cŠuQ‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j BGgAvB-Gi ÿwZKi cÖfve †_‡K
KgwcDUvi A‡bKUv iÿv cvq| wkwìs K¨vej, wkwìs †eW, dvBevi AcwUK
K¨vej, weëBb wdëvi BZ¨vw` eënvi K‡iI BGgAvB b‡qR MÖnY‡hvM¨ gv‡b
Kwg‡q Avbv hvq|
ê`y¨wZK kU© mvwK©U
we`y¨rkw³ cÖev‡ni †ÿ‡Î †h c‡_ we`y¨r Kg euvavi m¤§yLxb nq Zv‡K ê`y¨wZK
kU©mvwK©U e‡j| we`y¨r mvaviYZ †h c‡_ Kg euvav cvq †m c‡_B mn‡R I `ªæZ
PjvPj K‡i| ê`y¨wZK h‡š¿ G ai‡bi cwiw¯’wZ m„wó n‡j gvivZ¥K ÿwZ nq|
GgbwK ê`y¨wZK hš¿cvwZ A‡K‡RvI n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i|
we`y¨r mieivn mgm¨v
KgwcDUvi cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ b‡qRgy³ cwi”Qbœ we`y¨rkw³ cÖ‡qvRb| B‡jKwUªK¨vj
hš¿vs‡ki Zzjbvq KgwcDUvi cvIqvi jvBb mgm¨v Øviv †ewk AvµvšÍ nq| AwZ
D”P †fv‡ëR wKsev wbæ †fv‡ë‡Ri d‡j KgwcDUv‡ii eZ©bx ÿwZMÖ¯Í nq| GRb¨
KgwcDUv‡i b‡qRgy³ we`y¨‡Zi Aweivg mieivn wbwðZ Kiv GKvšÍ Riæwi|
cvIqvi jvBb mgm¨v cÖavbZ wZb ai‡bi| h_vÑ

1. eªvDbAvDU (Brownout)
2. eøvKAvDU (Blackout)
3. Uªvbwm‡q›U (Transient)
eªvDbAvDU (Brownout)
cwiKwíZ ev AcwiKwíZ †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y mieivn †fv‡ëR K‡g hvIqv‡K
eªvDbAvDU ejv nq| AwZwi³ we`y¨r Pvwn`vi d‡j cÖ‡qvRbxq we`y¨r Pvwn`v
†gUv‡bvi AÿgZvi Kvi‡Y G NUbv N‡U|
eøvKAvDU (Blackout)
nVvr we`y¨rkw³ P‡j hvIqv‡K eøvKAvDU ejv nq| So, myBwPs mgm¨v BZ¨vw` bvbv
Kvi‡Y G NUbv NU‡Z cv‡i| eøvKAvD‡Ui mgq KgwcDUv‡ii i¨vg n‡Z me Z_¨
gy‡Q hvq| S‡oi mgq eøvKAvD‡Ui ci we`y¨r mvcøvB cybivq Pvjy n‡j mewKQy
ch©‡eÿY K‡i KgwcDUvi mPj Kiv DwPZ| we‡kl K‡i evB‡i eRªcvZ Ae¨vnZ
_vK‡j KgwcDUvi mPj Kiv wVK bq| KviY G mgq ¯úvBK m„wó n‡q
KgwcDUv‡ii wewfbœ eZ©bx ev cy‡iv eë¯’vwU‡K weKj K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i|
Uªvbwm‡q›U (Transient)
we`y¨r mieivn jvB‡b m„ó †fv‡ëR ev Kv‡i‡›Ui A‡cÿvK…Z eo ai‡bi ¯úvBK‡K
Uªvbwm‡q›U ejv nq| A‡bK Uªvbwm‡q›U cvIqvi mvcøvB Øviv euvavcÖvß n‡q wbt‡kl
nq, wKš‘ A‡bK Uªvbwm‡q›U GB euvav AwZµg K‡i KgwcDUv‡ii eZ©bx‡Z †cŠu‡Q|
d‡j Z_¨ gy‡Q hvq ev cwiewZ©Z n‡q hvq| Avevi KLbI KLbI eZ©bx m¤ú~Y©fv‡e
weKj n‡q hvq|
we`y¨r mieivnRwbZ mgm¨v cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Dcvq t
KgwcDUvi‡K wbivc` ivLvi Rb¨ we`y¨‡Zi mieivnRwbZ mgm¨v mgvavb Kiv
Riæwi| GRb¨ wb‡Pi c`‡ÿç‡jv †bqv †h‡Z cv‡i|
1. AvB‡mv‡jUi, †i¸‡jUi, wdëvi, mvR© cÖ‡U±i cÖf„wZ eënvi K‡i
we`y¨‡Zi mvR© wKsev †fv‡ë‡Ri nVvr †e‡o hvIqvi gvivZ¥K ÿwZ †_‡K
KgwcDUvi‡K iÿv Kiv hvq|
2. †fv‡ëR‡K GKwU wbw`©ó gvÎvq w¯’i ivLvi Rb¨ g~j we`y¨r mieivn
jvB‡b †i¸‡jUi eënvi Kiv hvq|
3. †fv‡ëR ÷¨vwejvBRvi eënvi K‡i wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv h‡š¿ w¯’i we`y¨r
mieivn Kiv hvq|
4. wbw`©ó hš¿ †hgbÑ KgwcDUv‡ii mv‡_ BDwcGm jvMv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i|
wKQz wKQz BDwcGm G weëBb †fv‡ëR ÷¨vwejvBRvi _vKvi d‡j GKB
mv‡_ w¯’i gvÎvi we`y¨r miveivn wbwðZ Kivi cvkvcvwk we`y¨r P‡j
hvevi ciI wKQzÿY GB mieivn cvIqv hvq|
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5. we`y¨‡Zi g~j ms‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ AvBwcGm mshy³ K‡i †mLvb †_‡K GK ev
GKvwaK ê`y¨wZK h‡š¿ we`y¨r mieivn Ki‡j `xN©ÿY a‡i ê`y¨wZK
hš¿cvwZ eënvi Kiv hvq|
6. m¤¢e n‡j †cv‡U©ej †Rbv‡iUi eënvi Kiv hvq| we`y¨r P‡j hvevi mv‡_
mv‡_ †Rbv‡iUi Pvjy K‡i w`‡q `xN©ÿY we`y¨r mieivn wbwðZ Kiv hvq|
BDwcGm (UPS)
BDwcGm (UPS)-Gi c~Y© bvg Uninterruptible Power Supply| GwU we‡kl GK
ai‡bi we`y¨r mieivn eë¯’v| Gi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q †MŠY mÂqK †Kvl ev e¨vUvwi hv
we`y¨rkw³ mÂq K‡i iv‡L| d‡j nVvr K‡i we`y¨r mieivn eÜ n‡q †M‡j G‡Z
mwÂZ we`y¨r KgwcDUv‡i we`y¨rkw³ mieivn K‡i| mieivn eÜ nIqvi GK †_‡K
`yB wgwj‡m‡K‡Ûi g‡a¨ cÖwµqvwU m¤úbœ nq| KgwcDUv‡ii mv‡_ BDwcGm
eënvi Kiv n‡j we`y¨r mieivn eÜ nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ BDwcGm-G RgvK…Z
we`y¨‡Zi mvnv‡h¨ KgwcDUvi mPj _v‡K| evRv‡i wewfbœ mg‡qi e¨vKAvc
msewjZ BDwcGm cvIqv hvq| d‡j eënviKvixMY we`y¨r mieivn eÜ nIqvi
ci BDwcGm-Gi e‡`Šj‡Z cwiPvwjZ KgwcDUv‡ii ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †WUvmg~n G mg‡qi
g‡a¨ msiÿY Ki‡Z cv‡i| ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vq KgwcDUv‡ii we`y¨r mieiv‡ni Rb¨
ms‡hvMeë¯’v BDwcGm-Gi g‡a¨ w`‡qB Kiv nq, †hb mieivn eÜ nIqv gvÎB
BDwcGm Zvi KvR ïiæ Ki‡Z cv‡i| evRv‡i wewfbœ ÿgZvi BDwcGm cvIqv
hvq| G¸‡jv 5/10 wgwbU †_‡K ïiæ K‡i K‡qK NÈv ch©šÍ wbiwew”Qbœ we`y¨‡Zi
mieivn wbwðZ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
wPÎ t BDwcGm
BDwcGm eënv‡ii †ÿ‡Î †hme êwk‡óï Dci we‡kl `„wó †`qv cÖ‡qvRb t
1. BDwcGm Gi c~Y© we`y¨r kw³ mieiv‡ni ÿgZv ev Iqv‡UR K¨vcvwmwUi
mv‡_ cvIqvi d¨v±iI RwoZ _v‡K| GwU mvaviYZ 1 nIqv cÖ‡qvRb hv

ev¯Í‡e m¤¢e bv n‡jI Zv †hb 0.8 Gi wb‡P bv bv‡g †mwU we‡ePbvq
ivLv DwPZ|
2. ¯^vfvweK we`y¨r mieivn eÜ n‡q hvevi ci BDwcGm †hb 2 †_‡K 4
wgwj‡m‡K‡Ûi g‡a¨ PvR© Ifvi Ki‡Z cv‡i †mwU †Lqvj ivLv cÖ‡qvRb|
3. GKwU BDwcGm †h cwigvY †jvW MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvi cy‡ivUvB eënvi
Kiv DwPZ bq| AšÍZc‡ÿ kZKiv 80 fvM †jvW eënvi Kiv DwPZ|
bB‡j Gi Dci gvÎvwZwi³ Pvc c‡o †M‡j ÿwZi KviY n‡Z cv‡i|
4. †hme BDwcGm G A‡Uv †f‡ëR †i¸‡jUi ev ÷¨vwejvBRvi i‡q‡Q
†m¸‡jv eënvi Kiv DwPZ|
5. BDwcGm eënv‡ii †ÿ‡Î mwVKfv‡e ê`y¨wZK ms‡hvM cÖ`vb Kiv
DwPZ|
jvBb B›UviA¨vKwUf BDwcGm (Line interactive UPS) t jvBb B›UviA¨vKwUf
BDwcGm¸‡jv BbfvU©vi‡K jvB‡b †gb‡UBb K‡i Ges hLb we`y¨r P‡j hvq ZLb
we`y¨r mieiv‡ni Rb¨ bigvj PvwR©s †gvW †_‡K e¨vUvwii DC Kv‡i›U cv_‡K
wiwW‡i± K‡i| 1 kVA Gi wb‡Pi AwaKvsk BDwcGm¸‡jvB jvBb B›UviA¨vKwUf
ev ÷¨vÛevB ai‡bi n‡q _v‡K †h¸‡jv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg `vgx|
BDwcGm Gi ¯’vwqZ¡ e„w×i Dcvq
BDwcGm n‡Z cwic~Y© †mev †c‡Z PvB‡j ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz wel‡qi cÖwZ `„wó ivL‡Z
n‡e| A‡bK eënviKvixB KgwcDUv‡i KvR Kivi ci hLb KgwcDUviwU eÜ K‡i
†`q ZLb cvkvcvwk BDwcGm-wU‡KI we`y¨‡Zi ms‡hvM jvBb n‡Z wew”Qbœ K‡i
iv‡L| GwU †gv‡UI Kiv DwPZ bq| †h‡nZz BDwcGm cÖavb we`y¨‡Zi jvBb †_‡K
we`y¨r †K wbR e¨vUvwi‡Z mÂq K‡i iv‡L †m‡nZz hw` g~j ms‡hvM jvBb †_‡K
GwU‡K wew”Qbœ ivLv nq Z‡e BDwcGm G mwVKfv‡e PvR© nq bv| ZvB GwU we`y¨r
mÂq Ki‡Z cv‡i bv d‡j hLb we`y¨r P‡j hvq ZLb †mwU mwVKfv‡e I `xN©ÿY
we`y¨r mieivn Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| GRb¨ KgwcDUvi eÜ Kivi ci PvB‡j BDwcGm
Gi Ab Kivi evUbwU Ad Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ g~j we`y¨r jvB‡bi myBPwU Ad
Kiv hv‡e bv| G‡Z me mgq BDwcGm-wU c~Y© Pv‡R© _vK‡e Ges `xN©w`b Zvi †mev
DËgiƒ‡c w`‡Z mÿg n‡e|
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†fv‡ëR ÷¨vwejvBRvi (Voltage Stabilizer)
we`y¨‡Zi nVvr IVv-bvgv RwbZ mgm¨v‡K wbqš¿YKvix GKwU hš¿ n‡”Q †fv‡ëR
÷¨vwejvBRvi| KgwcDUvi AZ¨šÍ ms‡e`bkxj GKwU ê`y¨wZK hš¿| Gi Rb¨
wbiwew”Qbœ we`y¨r mieiv‡ni cÖ‡qvRb| cÖevngvÎv I wefe cv_©‡Kï m~²
cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡YI Gi A‡bK ÿwZ n‡Z cv‡i| Avgv‡ì †`‡k we`y¨r eë¯’vq
†fv‡ë‡Ri cwigvY mvaviYZ 220 †fvë| wKš‘ AwaKvsk †ÿ‡ÎB D³ gvÎv n«vm-
e„w× n‡q me©wbæ 120 †fvë †_‡K m‡e©v”P 290 †fvë ch©šÍ n‡Z cv‡i| we`y¨‡Zi
GB A¯^vfvweK AvPi‡Y KgwcDUv‡i eëüZ m~² hš¿mg~‡n ÿwZi m¤¢vebv _v‡K|
ZvB me©`v GB cÖevngvÎv I wefe cv_©‡Kï wbZ¨Zv eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ †fv‡ëR
÷¨vwejvBRvi (Voltage Stabilizer) eënvi Ki‡Z nq| we`y¨r cÖev‡ni gvÎv n«vm-
e„w× n‡q hv-B mieivn †nvK bv †Kb †fv‡ëR ÷¨vwejvBRvi D³ gvÎv‡K wbqš¿Y
K‡i MÖnY‡hvM¨ gvÎvq (220 †fvë) mieivn K‡i _v‡K| d‡j g~j we`y¨r jvB‡b
we`y¨‡Zi cwigvY n«vm-e„w× n‡jI KgwcDUv‡i MÖnY‡hvM¨ we`y¨r mieivn n‡q
_v‡K| †Kvb Kvi‡Y †fv‡ëR ÷¨vwejvBRv‡ii ÿgZvi †ewk we`y¨r cÖevwnZ n‡q
†M‡j mv‡_ mv‡_ †fv‡ëR ÷¨vwejvBRv‡ii Af¨šÍ‡i _vKv wdDRwU cy‡o wM‡q
ê`y¨wZK hš¿cvwZ‡K ÿwZi nvZ †_‡K iÿv K‡i _v‡K|
wPÎ t †fv‡ëR ÷¨vwejvBRvi

÷¨vwejvBRvi‡K cÖ_‡g ê`y¨wZK jvB‡bi m‡½ ms‡hvM Kiv nq| Zvici †mLvb
†_‡K KgwcDUv‡i kw³ mieivn Kiv nq| G‡Z KgwcDUv‡ii Rb¨ wba©vwiZ
cwiwgwZi †Kvb cwieZ©b n‡j Zv mivmwi Gi Dci cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i bv|
evRv‡i wewfbœ ÿgZvi †fv‡ëR ÷¨vwejvBRvi cvIqv hvq| ê`y¨wZK h‡š¿i ÿgZv
†fvë-A¨vw¤úqv‡ii cwigv‡Yi Dci wbf©i K‡i ZvB cÖ‡qvRbxq ÿgZvm¤úbœ
†fv‡ëR ÷¨vwejvBRvi †Kbv DwPZ| mvaviYZ 500 †_‡K 600 wfG ÿgZvm¤úbœ
†fv‡ëR ÷¨vwejvBRvi †Kvb mvaviY KgwcDUvi I wcÖ›Uv‡ii Rb¨ eënvi Kiv n‡q
_v‡K|
AvBwcGm (IPS)
AvBwcGm (IPS) Gi c~Y© bvg Instant Power Supply| AvBwcGm n‡jv Ggb
GKwU wWfvBm hvi g‡a¨ we`y¨rkw³‡K mÂq K‡i ivLv nq Ges g~j we`y¨r mieivn
jvB‡b we`y¨r P‡j †M‡j wbw`©ó mgq ch©šÍ Gi g‡a¨ mwÂZ we`y¨r mieivn K‡i
ê`y¨wZK hš¿cvwZ‡K Pvjv‡bv m¤¢eci nq| AvBwcGm Gi g~j wWfvBmwUi †fZi
GKwU e¨vUvwi mshy³ _v‡K †hLv‡b cÖPwjZ we`y¨r jvBb †_‡K we`y¨r G‡m †mwU‡K
wiPvR© K‡i iv‡L| mvaviY we`y¨r jvB‡b †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y we`y¨r mieivn eÜ n‡j
wiPvR© ev mwÂZ we`y¨r †_‡K hš¿ Pvjv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRbxq kw³ mieivn Kiv nq|
BDwcGm Gi PvB‡Z AvBwcGm G AwaK mgq we`y¨‡Zi mieivn cvevi wbðqZv
i‡q‡Q| †mRb¨ M„n¯’vwj‡Z eëüZ B‡jKUªwb· cY¨ †hgbÑ †Uwjwfkb, †iwWI,
wWwfwW †cøqvi, ê`y¨wZK cvLv, ê`y¨wZK evwZ, KgwcDUvi cÖf„wZ Pvjv‡Z
†jvW‡kwWs PjvKvjxb mg‡q AvBwcGm eënvi Kiv nq| g~j jvB‡b we`y¨r P‡j
hvIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_B AvBwcGm Zvi mwÂZ we`y¨r mieivn Kiv ïiæ K‡i| welqwU
GZ `ªæZ N‡U †h eënviKvix Zv eyS‡ZI cv‡ib bv| AvBwcGm Gi kw³ hZ
†ewk nq †mwU ZZ †ewk mgq a‡i we`y¨rkw³ mieivn Ki‡Z cv‡i|
KgwcDUvi K‡ÿi †fŠZ I ê`y¨wZK cwi‡ek
KgwcDUv‡ii ms‡e`bkxj hš¿vsk¸‡jv‡K Kvh©ÿg ivLvi Rb¨ Gi wbivc` †fŠZ
cwi‡ek _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| we‡kl K‡i KgwcDUvi‡K †h K‡ÿ ivLv nq †mLvbKvi
†fŠZ cwi‡e‡ki Dci bRi †`qv Riæwi| G‡ÿ‡Î mwVK †fŠZ cwi‡ek eRvq
ivLvi Rb¨ wb‡Pi eë¯’v¸‡jv MÖnY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i t
1. KgwcDUvi‡K Ggb K‡ÿ ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e †hLv‡b Lye †ewk Mig ev Lye
†ewk VvÐv bv c‡o| KgwcDUv‡ii wewfbœ hš¿vsk KZ…©K m„ó Zvc hv‡Z
mylgfv‡e evB‡i †ewi‡q Avm‡Z cv‡i †mRb¨ KgwcDUvi K‡ÿi
ZvcgvÎv LvwbKUv VvÐv nIqv PvB Z‡e Lye †ewk bq| m¤¢e n‡j GRb¨
N‡i Gwm jvwM‡q †bqv †h‡Z cv‡i| Avi †mwU m¤¢e bv n‡j
Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e †h KÿwU GKUz VvÐv †mLv‡b ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
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2. ayjvevwj hv‡Z KgwcDUv‡ii wewfbœ As‡k Rg‡Z bv cv‡i †m iKg GKwU
¯’v‡b KgwcDUvi ivL‡Z n‡e| we‡kl K‡i Rvbvjvi cvk †_‡K h_vm¤¢e
`~‡i ivLv cÖ‡qvRb| cÖwZw`b KgwcDUv‡ii Dc‡ii Ask‡K Ges gv‡S
g‡a¨ wmwcBD Ly‡j †fZiUv †eøvqvi w`‡q cwi®‹vi Ki‡jB ayjvevwj †_‡K
iÿv cvIqv hv‡e| we‡kl K‡i gv`vi‡evW©wU‡K fv‡jv K‡i ayjvgy³ Kiv
cÖ‡qvRb| wbqwgZ Kv‡Ri ci Wv÷ Kfvi w`‡q KgwcDUvi‡K †X‡K
w`‡j ayjvevwj †_‡K KgwcDUvi‡K A‡bKvs‡k iÿv Kiv hvq|
3. KgwcDUv‡ii Dci hv‡Z mivmwi m~‡h©i Av‡jv bv c‡o †mRb¨ G‡K
Rvbvjvi cv‡k ivLv wVK bq| `xN©ÿY m~‡h©i DËv‡c †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv
hš¿vsk DËß n‡q M‡j hvevi m¤¢vebv _v‡K|
4. M„n¯’vjx‡Z eëüZ †Uwjwfkb, wfwmwc, wfwmAvi, †Uwj‡dvb BZ¨vw` Ges
KgwcDUv‡ii mv‡_ hy³ gwbUi, wcÖ›Uvi BZ¨vwì g‡Zv †PŠ¤^Kxq Av‡ek
m„wóKvix eënvh© hš¿vw` KgwcDUvi †_‡K h_vm¤¢e `~‡i ivLv DwPZ| Avi
gwbUi, wcÖ›Uvi BZ¨vw` †_‡K wbivc` `~i‡Z¡ wW¯‹ I wW¯‹ WªvBf ivLv
DwPZ| evmvq eëüZ †Uwj‡dvb ev †h‡Kv‡bv Z_¨ cwienb K¨vej
KgwcDUvi †_‡K `~‡i ivLv cÖ‡qvRb|
5. AviGdAvB (RFI) b‡q‡Ri cÖfve †_‡K KgwcDUvi‡K gy³ ivLvi Rb¨
†Uwjwfkb †_‡K KgwcDUvi‡K Kgc‡ÿ 6 dzU `~‡i ivL‡Z n‡e Ges
wW‡iKkbvj AvDU‡Wvi wUwf G‡›Ubv eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e| cvkvcvwk wUwf
†m‡Ui mv‡_ jvBb wdëvi mshy³ Ki‡Z n‡e| UzBb-wjW Iq¨vi (Twin-
lead wire) Gi cwie‡Z© G‡›Ubvi Rb¨ 75 In‡gi mgvwÿK K¨vej
eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|

6. KgwcDUv‡ii cvIqvi mvcøvB, d¨vb, ms‡hvM, K¨vej, d¬y‡i‡m›U jvBU
BZ¨vw` KZ…©K m„ó b‡qR‡K A_©vr KgwcDUv‡ii wm‡÷g b‡qR‡K
KgwcDUvi Kÿ †_‡K gy³ ivLv cÖ‡qvRb|
7. B‡jKwUªK¨vj hš¿vs‡ki Zzjbvq KgwcDUvi cvIqvi jvBb mgm¨v Øviv
†ewk AvµvšÍ nq| AwZ D”P †fv‡ëR wKsev wbæ †fv‡ë‡Ri d‡j
KgwcDUv‡ii eZ©bx ÿwZMÖ¯Í nq| GRb¨ KgwcDUv‡i b‡qRgy³ we`y¨‡Zi
Aweivg mieivn wbwðZ Kiv GKvšÍ Riæwi| ZvB we`y¨‡Zi IVv bvgv
†iva Ki‡Z †fv‡ëR ÷¨vwejvBRvi eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e| KgwcDUv‡ii
mv‡_ BDwcGm eënvi Ki‡j Zv ê`y¨wZK av°v mvg‡j wb‡Z cv‡i Ges
we`y¨r P‡j †M‡jI wKQz mg‡qi Rb¨ KgwcDUvi‡K mPj ivL‡Z cv‡i|
mivmwi AvBwcGm Gi jvB‡b KgwcDUvi eënvi Ki‡j we`y¨r P‡j
†M‡jI eënviKvix Zv eyS‡Z cv‡ib bv| AvBwcGm KgwcDUv‡i 1
NÈviI †ewk we`y¨‡Zi mieivn wbwðZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB m¤¢e n‡j
`xN©ÿY †mev †`q Ggb ai‡bi AvBwcGm eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
KgwcDUv‡ii iæwUb ev wbqwgZ iÿYv‡eÿY
iÿYv‡eÿY cÖwµqv‡K ejv nq iæwUb wcÖ‡fw›Uf ev wbqwgZ cÖwZiÿvg~jK
iÿYv‡eÿY| †hgb t cÖwZ gv‡m AšÍZ GKevi wmwW-ig/wWwfwW-ig WªvBf
cwi®‹vi Kiv DwPZ|
ˆ`wbK †hme wel‡qi w`‡K jÿ¨ ivLv cÖ‡qvRb t
 cvIqvi Ab Kivi mgq Zv h_vh_fv‡e n‡q‡Q wKbv †mwU †`Lv|
 wW¯‹ WªvB‡fi Ôivb-jvBU AbÕ n‡q‡Q wKbv Zv jÿ¨ Kiv|
 wcÖ›Uv‡i †Kv‡bv wcÖw›Us Gi c~‡e© K¨vej ms‡hvM †`‡L, KvMR h_vh_ ¯’v‡b
¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q wKbv Zv †`Lv|
 KgwcDUv‡ii Ici mivmwi m~h©v‡jvK co‡Q wKbv Zv jÿ¨ Kiv|
 N‡ii Av`ª©Zv cixÿv Kiv|
 ˆ`wbK eënv‡ii mgq wj‡L ivLv|
 †gwkb h_vh_fv‡e kvU WvDb Kiv n‡q‡Q wKbv Zv jÿ¨ ivLv|
cÖwZ mßv‡n KgwcDUv‡ii †h ai‡bi hZœ †bIqv cÖ‡qvRb t
 †h †W¯‹wUi Ici KgwcDUvi ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi Pvicv‡k †h me
¯’v‡b ay‡jv-gqjv R‡g _v‡K Zv cwi®‹vi Kiv|
 KgwcDUviwUi evB‡i †h me ¯’v‡b ay‡jv-gqjv †j‡M _v‡K Zv gy‡Q
†djv|
 gwbUi cwi®‹vi Kiv| G‡ÿ‡Î Gw›U÷¨vwUK †¯úÖ ev `ªeY wKsev Kvco
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eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
 wcÖ›Uvi I Ab¨vb¨ †cwi‡divj cwi®‹vi Kiv|
 †Uwej, †Pqvi, †g‡S BZ¨vw`‡Z ayjv R‡g _vK‡j Zv cwi®‹vi Kiv|
 cÖwZw`b wcÖ›U Kivi cÖ‡qvRb co‡j †QvU †QvU KvM‡Ri UzKiv GLv‡b
†mLv‡b c‡o _vK‡Z cv‡i| G me UzK‡iv cwi®‹vi Kiv|
 eëüZ KvMRcÎ ¸wQ‡q ivLv|
 mßv‡n AšÍZ GKw`b ¯‹¨vbwW¯‹, wWd«¨vM‡g›U †cÖvMÖvg Pvjbv Kiv|
cÖwZ gv‡m KgwcDUv‡ii †hme iÿYv‡eÿY ev hZœ †bIqv cÖ‡qvRb t
 gvDm Ly‡j cixÿv Kiv G‡Z †Kv‡bv gqjvi Av¯Íi c‡o‡Q wKbv Zv
†`Lv| Av¯Íi co‡j Zv cwi®‹vi K‡i †djv|
 †fw›U‡jkb wdëvi cixÿv Kiv| G‡Z †Kv‡bv mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡j Zv `ªæZ
cwieZ©b Kiv|
 eëüZ wcÖ›Uv‡ii †fZ‡ii Ask cixÿv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e G‡ÿ‡Î
mZK© n‡Z n‡e|
 KgwcDUv‡ii †fZ‡ii As‡k †j‡M _vKv ayjvevwj cwi®‹vi Kiv|
 wewfbœ ms‡hvM wcb Ges ms‡hv‡M †j‡M _vKv gqjv cwi®‹vi Kiv| Z‡e
wc‡b †hb †Kv‡bv Pvc ev AuvPo bv jv‡M|
Qq gvm ci ci wK ai‡bi hZœ †bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i?
Qq gvm ci ci KgwcDUv‡ii evwn¨K h‡Zœi †P‡q Gi Af¨šÍixY h‡Zœi w`‡K †ewk
g‡bv‡hvMx n‡Z n‡e| G mgqKvi hZœ¸‡jv n‡”Q
 K¨vej ms‡hvM Ly‡j †d‡j G‡Z gqjv †j‡M _vK‡j ev Av¯Í‡ii m„wó n‡j
Zv cwi®‹vi Kiv|
 K¨vej cybtms‡hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î mveavbZv Aej¤^b Kiv †hb AwaK Pv‡c
ms‡hvM wcb †eu‡K bv hvq|
 wcÖ›UviwU cixÿv K‡i †`Lv| AwaK eënv‡i wieb/KvwU©R-Gi †gqv`
†k‡li w`‡K _vK‡j Zv jÿ ivLv|
 †f›U wdëvi cwieZ©b Kiv|
 gv`vi‡evW© Ges Ab¨vb¨ mvwK©U †evW© cixÿv Kiv Ges G‡Z A·vBW ev
gqjv co‡j cwi®‹viK c`v_© Øviv cwi®‹vi Kiv| G †ÿ‡Î h_vh_
mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Kiv DwPZ|

Aa¨vq-2
KgwcDUvi †Kwms
KgwcDUvi †Km n‡jv Ggb GKwU GjvKv hv KgwcDUv‡ii cÖavb
K‡¤úv‡b›U¸‡jv‡K enb K‡i| G‡K KgwcDUvi †Pwmm, K¨vwe‡bU, e·, UvIqvi,
Gb‡K¬vRvi, nvDwRs ev ïay †Km bv‡gI WvKv n‡q _v‡K| KgwcDUvi †KmwU
cvIqvi mvcøvB, gv`vi‡evW©, i¨vg, MÖvwd· KvW©, j¨vb KvW©, mvDÛ KvW©, nvW©wW¯‹,
wmwW/wWwfwW ig WªvBf ev ivBUvi BZ¨vw`i g‡Zv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© hš¿vsk¸‡jv‡K GKwU
KvVv‡gvi †fZi Ave× ivL‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| KgwcDUvi †Km mvaviYZ w÷j
(w÷j, B‡jKwUªK¨vwj †µv‡gU †Kv‡UW ev SECC) ev A¨vjywgwbqvg w`‡q ˆZwi|
A‡bK mgq cøvw÷K I Kv‡Vi g‡Zv e¯‘I G‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq| KgwcDUv‡ii
cvIqvi mvcøvB BDwbUwU †Kwms‡qi †fZi mvaviYZ weëBb _v‡K|
wPÎ t ATX KgwcDUvi †Km
wPÎ t GKwU UvIqvi †Kwms
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†Kwms eënv‡i KiYxq t
 Ab/Ad Kivi mgq myB‡P Lye †Rv‡i Pvc w`‡eb bv|
 †Kwms Gi wcQb w`‡K †Lvjv‡gjv ivL‡eb| KviY KgwcDUvi Pvjy
Ae¯’vq Kzwjs d¨vb Pj‡Z _v‡K|
 †`qvj ev †Kvb wKQy Mv‡q jvwM‡q †Kwms ivL‡eb bv|
 gv‡S gv‡S †Kwms Gi evwn‡i w`K Kvco w`‡q cwi®‹vi Kiæb|
 gv‡S gv‡S †Kwms Gi ms‡M mshy³ cøvM¸‡jv cixÿv Kiæb| †KvbUv
wX‡j n‡q _vK‡j k³ K‡i jvMvb| jvMvevi mgq †ewk †Rv‡i Pvc
w`‡eb bv|
 †Kwms mwVKfv‡e ivLyb| D‡ëv K‡i ivL‡eb bv|
 KvR †k‡l wKQyÿY ci †KwmswU Wv÷ Kfvi ev Ab¨ wKQy w`‡q †X‡K
ivLyb|
 cvIqvi mvcøvB hw` fvj bv nq Zvn‡j we‡kl K‡i DB‡Ûv KivÞ n‡Z
cv‡i, Pvjbvq Amyweav n‡Z cv‡i| ‡mRb¨ fvjgv‡bi cvIqvi mvcøvB
m¤^wjZ †Kwms †Kbv DwPZ|
 ê`y¨wZK eë¯’v Avw_©s Kiv bv _vK‡j KgwcDUvi Pvjy Ae¯’vq †Kwms Gi
avZe As‡k ¯úk© Ki‡eb bv| we`y¨r kK Ki‡Z cv‡i|
 †Kwms cwi¯‹vi Kivi mgq cvIqvi Ad K‡i cvIqvi KW© Ly‡j †djyb|
wjKzBW †h c`v_© w`‡q cwi¯‹vi Kiv n‡e Zv †Kwms bv †X‡j Kvc‡o †X‡j
w`‡q Zv w`‡q cwi¯‹vi Kiæb| †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e hv‡Z wjKzBW Mwo‡q
wfZ‡i bv c‡o|
 †Kwms Gi wfZ‡ii gqjv cwi¯‹vi Kivi Rb¨ XvKbv Ly‡j cÖ_‡g eªvk
w`‡q Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í gqjv cwi¯‹vi K‡i c‡o †eøvqvi w`‡q wK¬b Ki‡Z n‡e|
KgwcDUvi †Km Gi Kfvi †Lvjv
1. cv‡m©vbvj KgwcDUvi¸‡jv‡Z mvaviYZ wgW-UvIqvi †Km¸‡jv eëüZ
n‡q _v‡K| Gme †K‡mi Kfvi Ly‡j †fZ‡ii gqjv cwi¯‹vi Ki‡Z nq|
†Kwms †Lvjvi Rb¨ wb‡Pi c`‡ÿç‡jv wb‡Z n‡e t
2. KgwcDUvi †K‡mi mv‡_ jvMv‡bv cvIqvi K¨vej mshy³ _vK‡j †m¸‡jv
Ly‡j wbb| †h cvIqvi KW© †_‡K KgwcDUv‡i cvIqvi G‡m‡Q †mwUI eÜ
Kiæb|

3. Gevi KgwcDUvi †K‡mi †cQ‡bi AskwU‡K Nywi‡q Avcbvi mvg‡bi
w`‡K wb‡q Avmyb| GLv‡b wKQz ¯Œz jvMv‡bv Av‡Q †`L‡Z cv‡eb|
4. ¯Œz WªvBfvi e¨envi K‡i GKcv‡ki XvKbv †h `ywU ev wZbwU ¯Œz w`‡q
AvUKv‡bv Av‡Q †m¸‡jv Ly‡j †djyb| ¯Œz¸‡jv‡K wbivc` †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b
ivLyb hv‡Z cieZ©x‡Z Avevi †m¸‡jv Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq|
5. Gevi †Km Gi XvKbvwU mvgvb¨ wcQ‡bi w`‡K †U‡b XvKbvwU Ly‡j †djyb|
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6. wKQz wKQz KgwcDUvi †Km _v¤^¯Œz w`‡q jvMv‡bv _v‡K| Avevi wKQz wKQz
†K‡m †Kv‡bv ¯Œz _v‡K bv| Gi e`‡j †mLv‡b wK¬c RvZxq †Kv‡bv eë¯’vq
XvKvbv AvU‡K ivLvi eë¯’v _v‡K| _v¤^¯Œz Gi †ÿ‡Î †m¸‡jv AvOyj w`‡q
Nywi‡q Nywi‡q Kz‡j †djv hvq| Avi wK¬c RvZxq eë¯’v _vK‡j
wK¬ç‡jv‡K Dc‡ii w`‡K mvgvb¨ Pvc w`‡j ms‡hvM wXjv n‡q hvq|
Gici XvKbvwU †cQ‡bi w`‡K mvgvb¨ †U‡b cy‡ivcywi Ly‡j Avbv hvq|
_v¤^¯Œz jvMv‡bv KgwcDUvi †Km

Aa¨vq-3
gwbUi
gwbUi ev wWm‡cøn‡jv KgwcDUv‡ii cÖavb AvDUcyU wWfvBm| G‡K A‡bK mgq
wfRy¨qvj wWm‡cøBDwbU bv‡gI WvKv n‡q _v‡K| KgwcDUv‡i KvR Kivi mgq
†U·U I MÖvwd· B‡g‡Ri gva¨‡g gwbUi ZvrÿwYK AvDUcyU cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K|
AwaKvsk †W¯‹Uc gwbUi¸‡jv wjKz¨BW wµ÷vj wWm‡cø(GjwmwW) ev K¨v‡_vi †i
wUDe (wmAviwU) cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i AvDUcyU cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| GQvov enb‡hvM¨
ev Zvi KvQvKvwQ †hgb j¨vcU‡ci gwbUi¸‡jv GjwmwW cÖhyw³i n‡q _v‡K|
CRTgwbUi
LCD gwbUi
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gwbU‡ii aib
eZ©gvb mg‡q †h ai‡bi gwbUi¸‡jv evRv‡i cvIqv hvq †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q t
1. K¨v‡_vW †i wUDe ev wmAviwU gwbUi (Cathode Ray Tube or
CRT Monitor)
2. wjKz¨BW wµ÷vj wWm‡cøev GjwmwW gwbUi (Liquid Crystal
Display or LCD Monitor)
3. cøvRgv gwbUi (Plasma Monitor)
4. UvPw¯Œb gwbUi (Touchscreen Monitor)
5. AM©vwbK jvBU GwgwUs wWm‡cø ev IGjBwW gwbUi (Organic Light
Emitting Display or OLED Monitor)
GK mg‡q CRT gwbUi¸‡jv e¨vcKfv‡e eëüZ n‡jI eZ©gv‡b LCD
gwbUi¸‡jv †ek RbwcÖq n‡q D‡V‡Q| G¸‡jvi eënviI †e‡o‡Q|
gwbUi KgwcDUv‡ii GKwU AZ¨vek¨Kxq hš¿| me Kv‡Ri djvdj gwbU‡ii
c`©vq dz‡U D‡V| KgwcDUv‡i KvR Kivi mgq me©ÿY G hš¿wUi w`‡KB Avgiv
ZvwK‡q _vwK| ÿz`ª ÿz`ª A‡bK we›`yi mvnv‡h¨ gwbU‡ii c`©vq wPÎ cÖ`©kb Kiv nq|
Gme Av‡jvK we›`y‡K wc‡·j ejv nq| mvaviYfv‡e GKeM© BwÂ‡Z 72 wU wc‡·j
_v‡K| wc‡·jmg~n WU& w`‡q wMÖ‡Wi gZ K‡i mvRv‡bv _v‡K| G ai‡bi GKwU
gwbU‡ii †iRy‡jkb ev myÿ¥Zv 72 wWwcAvB ( dpi = dot per inch) AviI †ewk
†iRy‡jkb n‡j WUmg~n AviI KvQvKvwQ _v‡K| gwbU‡i wUwfi gZ CRT
(Cathode Ray Tube) _v‡K| wfwWI Kv‡W©i gva¨‡g gwbUi‡K gv`vi‡ev‡W©i
mv‡_ ms‡hvM †`qv nq| G KvW©‡K ¯ŒxY wfwWI KvW©I ejv nq| gwbU‡ii c`©vi
†jLv ev Qwei ¸YMZ gvb G Kv‡W©i Dci wbf©i K‡i| wmwcBD wfwWI Kv‡W©i
gva¨‡g gwbU‡ii Z_¨ cvVvq| G Z_¨ A¯’vwqfv‡e wfwWI Kv‡W©i ¯§„wZ‡Z msiÿY
Kiv nq| GB ¯§„wZ‡K wf-i¨vg (V-RAM) ejv nq| gwbU‡ii †iRy¨‡jkb †ewk
n‡j Ges wf-i¨v‡gi cwigvY †ewk n‡j DbœZ MÖvwdK wWRvB‡bi Kv‡R fvj
cvidi‡gÝ cvIqv hvq|
 fv‡jv gwbUi †Kbv DwPZ|
 gwbU‡ii cvIqvi Kv‡bkb wVKgZ jvM‡Z n‡e|
 gwbU‡ii Av‡jv eënviKvixi †Pv‡Li mv‡_ mnbkxj K‡i G¨vWRv÷ Kiv
DwPZ|
 m~‡h©i Av‡jv ev N‡ii jvBU hv‡Z gwbU‡ii ¯Œx‡b wi‡d± bv K‡i Ggb
¯’v‡b †mU Kiv DPZ|

 gwbUi wKQyÿY Pjvi ciB Mig n‡q hvq| ZvB Pvjy Ae¯’vq gwbUi †X‡K
ivL‡eb bv| Mig evZvm †ei n‡Z bv cvi‡j gwbUi‡ii ÿwZ n‡e|
 me©`v gwbUi‡K VvÛv cwi‡e‡k ivLyb|
 eënv‡ii ci mv‡_ mv‡_ Kfvi w`‡q bv †X‡K wKQyÿY ci VvÛv n‡j
†X‡K ivLyb|
 gwbU‡ii ¯Œx‡b me mgq cwi®‹vi cvZjv KvMo ev wUmy †ccvi w`‡q
wbqwgZ cwi”Qbœ ivLyb|
 gwbU‡iii Av‡kcv‡k †PŠ¤^K‡ÿÎ m„wóKvix hš¿ †hgbt K¨v‡mU †cøqvi,
†Uwj‡dvb †mU, wUwf, mvDÛ e· BZ¨vw` ivL‡eb bv| †PŠ¤^K †ÿ‡Îi
Kvi‡Y gwbU‡ii ÿwZ n‡Z cv‡i|
 `xN©w`b N‡i gwbU‡ii mvwf©m bv Kiv‡j cÖPzi ayjvevwj R‡g mvwK©‡Ui
ÿwZ K‡i gwbU‡iii ÿgZv bó K‡i †`q| ZvB 6 gvm ev erm‡i
AšÍtZ GKevi gwbU‡ii e¨vK Kfvi Ly‡j f¨vKz‡qg wK¬bvi w`‡q ayjvgy³
Ki‡Z n‡e| G e¨vcv‡i wb‡R bv cvi‡j wek¦¯’ †Kvb mvwf©m †m›Uvi †_‡K
mvwf©m Kiv‡Z n‡e|
 KgwcDUvi Pvjy Ae¯’vq gwbU‡i hv‡Z SuvwK bv jv‡M †mRb¨ mZK© n‡Z
n‡e| wcÖ›Uvi, ¯‹¨vbvi BZ¨vw` gwbUi ivLv †Uwe‡j bv ivLvB fvj|
 gwbU‡ii mvg‡b `xN©ÿY GKUvbv e‡m KvR Ki‡j †Pv‡Li ÿwZ n‡Z
cv‡i ,†mRb¨ gv‡S gv‡S weiwZ †`qv ìKvi| †Pv‡Li Kó Kgv‡bvi Rb¨
A¨vw›U‡Møqvi ¯‹xb eënvi Kiv DwPZ|
gwbU‡ii wKQy mgm¨v Ges mgvavb
A‡bK mgq AwZ mvaviY wKQy e¨vcv‡ii Rb¨ gwbU‡ii wewfbœ mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡Z
cv‡i| Gÿ‡Î †Kvb nvW©Iq¨vi BwÄwbqv‡ii kibvcbœ bv n‡q Avcwb wb‡RB
mgvavb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wb‡P Giƒc K‡qKwU mgm¨v Ges Gi cÖwZKvi Av‡jvPbv
Kiv nj|
mgm¨v-01 w¯Œ‡bi Kvjvi nVvr Av‡m Avevi P‡j hvq|
KviY t
1. gwbU‡ii AvDUcyU Uvwg©bvj jy¨R _vK‡Z cv‡i|
2. gwbU‡ii Kvjvi †ev‡W©i B‡jK‡UªvjvBwUK K‡ÛÝvi Lvivc|
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mgvavb t
1. gwbU‡ii AvDUcyU Uvwg©bvjwU jy¨R wKbv cixÿv Kiæb| jy¨R _vK‡j
†mwU UvBU K‡i jvwM‡q w`b|
2. Kvjvi †ev‡W©i B‡jK‡UªvjvBwUK K‡ÛÝvi Lvivc _vK‡j `ÿ nvW©Iq¨vi
mvivBLvbvi kiYvcbœ †nvb|
mgm¨v-02 gwbU‡ii w¯Œb jvj‡P †`Lvq|
KviY t we`y¨‡Zi †jv †fv‡ë‡Ri mgm¨v _vK‡j GgbwU n‡Z cv‡i|
mgvavb t
1. mwVK †fv‡ë‡Ri we`y¨Z e¨envi Kiæb|
2. †fv‡ëR‡K w¯’i Ae¯’vq ivL‡Z †fv‡ëR ÷¨vwejvBRvi e¨envi Kiæb|
mgm¨v-03 w¯Œ‡b Kv‡jv myZvi g‡Zv Uvbv `vM †`Lv hvq|
KviY t wcKPvi wUD‡e ÎæwU _vK‡Z cv‡i|
mgvavb t `ÿ nvW©Iq¨vi mvivBLvbvi kiYvcbœ †nvb|
mgm¨v-04 gwbU‡ii w¯Œb Dc‡i-wb‡P A_ev evg-Wvb cv‡k †P‡c Av‡m|
mgvavb t
1. gwbU‡ii w¯Œb Dci-wb‡P wKsev ev‡g-Wv‡b mgš^q Kivi Rb¨ K‡›Uªvj be
_v‡K| b‡ei gva¨‡g mgš^‡qi †Póv Kiæb|
2. nivBR›Uvj wW‡d¬Kkb K‡qjwU kU© n‡q _vK‡Z cv‡i| †m‡ÿ‡Î `ÿ
nvW©Iq¨vi mvivBLvbvi kiYvcbœ †nvb|
mgm¨v-05 w¯Œ‡bi gvSLvbwU mv`v Av‡jvi †iLv Øviv `yB fv‡M wef³ n‡q c‡o|
KviY t
1. nivBR›Uvj AvDUcyU UªvbwR÷i Lvivc
2. ETH Lvivc _vK‡Z cv‡i|
mgvavb t `ÿ nvW©Iq¨vi mvivBLvbvi kiYvcbœ †nvb|
mgm¨v-06 gwbUi w¯Œb †Nvjv ev Out of fucus
KviY t Flyback Gi focus adjust knob mwVK
¯’v‡b †bB|
mgvavb t gwbUiwUi e¨vK Kfvi Ly‡j KgwcDUvi Pvjy Ae¯’vq Gi Display
focus cixÿv Kiæb| Gevi KvV ev euv‡ki ˆZwi ¯Œz WªvBfv‡ii gva¨‡g d¬vBe¨vK
Gi focus adjust knob †K Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í Wv‡b ev ev‡g Nyivb| †dvKvm mwVK
¯’v‡b Avm‡j GB Ae¯’v‡b †i‡L w`b| Gevi KgwcDUvi I gwbUi eÜ K‡i cybivq
Gi e¨vK Kfvi jvwM‡q wbb|

mgm¨v-07 KgwcDUvi wKQyÿY Pjvi ci gwbUi w¯Œb ax‡i ax‡i mv`v ev
†Nvjv n‡Z _v‡K|
KviY t
1. gwbU‡ii Af¨šÍ‡i Flyback G mgm¨v|
2. gwbU‡ii High Voltage mvwK©‡U mgm¨v|
mgvavb t
1. gwbU‡ii Flyback †_‡K †h ZviwU Flyback †_‡K CRT †Z Kv‡b±
K‡i‡Q †mLvbUvq cvZjv Kvc‡o w_bvi (Thiner evRv‡i wKb‡Z cvIqv
hvq) w`‡q wfwR‡q cwi®‹vi Kiæb| Gfv‡e wVK bv n‡j FlyboackwU
cwieZ©b Kiæb|
2. Flyback QvovI Hight Voltage mvwK©‡U Ab¨ †Kv‡bv mgm¨v _vK‡Z
cv‡i| we‡kl K‡i G‡Z e¨eüZ K¨vcvwmUimg~n (evRv‡i †KD †KD
G‡K Condenser e‡j _v‡Kb) fv‡jvfv‡e cixÿv Kiæb| GQvovI
Resistor, Diode Ges Transistor ¸‡jvI cixÿv K‡i †`Lyb|
mgm¨v cvIqv †M‡j mggv‡bi cvU©m¸‡jv Øviv wi‡cøm Kiæb|
mgm¨v-08 gwbUi w¯Œ‡b cÖ`wk©Z Qwe gqjv †Zj †Z‡j †`Lvq|
KviY t
1. wfwWI AvDUcy‡U ÎæwU _vK‡Z cv‡i|
2. wfwWI A¨v¤úwjdvqvi mvwK©‡U ÎæwU _vK‡Z cv‡i|
3. wfwWI KvW©wU bó _vK‡Z cv‡i|
mgvavb t
1. gwbU‡ii wfwWI AvDUcy‡U ev wfwWI A¨v¤úwjdvqvi mvwK©‡U ÎæwU aiv
co‡j Zv mvwi‡q wb‡Z n‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î `ÿ †Kv‡bv nvW©Iq¨vi mvivB
cÖwZôv‡bi kiYvcbœ †nvb|
2. wfwWI KvW©wU bó wKbv Zv hvPvB Kivi Rb¨ m¤¢e n‡j Ab¨ GKwU wfwWI
KvW© †hvMvo K‡i †mwU Avcbvi KgwcDUv‡i jvwM‡q cixÿv Kiæb| ÎæwU
†c‡j bZzb GKwU wfwWI KvW© wK‡b ev msMÖn K‡i e¨envi Kiæb|
mgm¨v-09 gwbU‡i Kvjvi cÖ`wk©Z nq bv|
KviY t K‡ÛÝvi ev Kvjvi †evW© jy¨R _vK‡Z cv‡i|
mgvavb t K‡ÛÝvi ev Kvjvi †evW© jy¨R †c‡j Zv fv‡jv K‡i mshy³ Kiæb|
mgm¨v-10 gwbU‡ii w¯Œ‡b myZvi g‡Zv `vM †`Lv hvq|
KviY t
1. G ai‡bi mgm¨v mvaviYZ ZLbB †`Lv †`q hLb gwbU‡ii fvwU©K¨vj
mvwK©‡U ÎæwU _v‡K ev †mvìvwis WªvB n‡q hvq|
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2. wmAviwU Gwm Kvcwjs Kb‡WÝvi Lvivc|
3. wmAviwU Gwm Kvcwjs Kb‡WÝviwU cwieZ©‡bi ciI hw` mgm¨v †_‡K
hvq Z‡e wcKPvi wUDewU Lvivc|
mgvavb t welq¸‡jv cixÿv K‡i †`Lyb| †ZgbwU n‡j `ÿ †Kv‡bv nvW©Iq¨vi
†`vKv‡bv wb‡q hvb| †mLvb †_‡K mvwi‡q wb‡q Avmyb|
mgm¨v-11 gwbU‡ii w¯Œ‡bi Dfq cv‡k †XD †`Lv hvq|
KviY t
1. gwbU‡ii B‡qvK K‡qjwU mgš^q Kiv †bB|
2. nivBR›Uvj wW‡d¬Kk‡b ÎæwU _vK‡Z cv‡i|
mgvavb t GRvZxq mgm¨v n‡j mvaviYZ wb‡R †Kv‡bv wKQz Kiv wVK bq| me‡P‡q
fv‡jv Dcvq n‡jv `ÿ †Kv‡bv nvW©Iq¨vi mvivBLvbvq wb‡q hvIqv| †mLvb †_‡K
GwU mvwi‡q Avbyb|
mgm¨v-12 gwbUi eÜ Kivi ci w¯Œ‡b GKwU Av‡jvKwe›`y †`Lv hvq| GwU
ax‡i ax‡i wgwj‡q hvq|
KviY t GwU gwbU‡ii wcKPvi wUD‡ei mgm¨v| wcKPvi wUD‡ei MÖvD‡ÛW wVK †bB
e‡j GgbwU n‡q _v‡K|
mgvavb t `ÿ †Kv‡bv nvW©Iq¨vi †`vKv‡bv wb‡q hvb| †mLvb †_‡K mvwi‡q wb‡q
Avmyb|
mgm¨v-13 gwbU‡ii w¯Œ‡b AvovAvwo D¾¡j `vM †`Lv hvq|
KviY t
1. fvwU©K¨vj †mvqvBc mvwK©‡U ÎæwU _vK‡Z cv‡i|
2. fvwU©K¨vj AvDUcyU †_‡K Avi¤¢ K‡i wW‡d¬Kkb K‡qj mvwK©U ch©šÍ
†mvìvwis WªvB n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i|
mgvavb t `ÿ †Kv‡bv nvW©Iq¨vi †`vKv‡bv wb‡q hvb| †mLvb †_‡K mvwi‡q wb‡q
Avmyb|
mgm¨v-14 gwbU‡ii Qwe¸‡jv Lye †ewk D¾¡j †`Lvq|
mgvavb t cÖwZwU gwbU‡ii mv‡_ evUb ev be RvZxq wKQz _v‡K| G‡`i G‡KKwU
G‡KK ai‡bi KvR K‡i _v‡K| D¾¡jZv Kvgv‡bv evov‡bvi Rb¨I GKwU evUb ev
be cv‡eb| †mwU Øviv D¾¡jZv mgš^‡qi †Póv Kiæb| GiciI mgm¨v _vK‡j Lye
m¤¢eZ GwU Avcbvi wfwWI Kv‡W©i mgm¨v| ZvB `ÿ †Kv‡bv nvW©Iq¨vi
mvivBLvbvq wb‡q welqwU wbwðZ †nvb Ges ÎæwU †c‡j Zv mvwi‡q Avbyb|

mgm¨v-15 gwbU‡i Mvi‡eR †`Lv hvq|
KviY t wWm‡cø Kv‡W©i ms‡hvM jy¨R ev bó|
mgvavb t wWm‡cø KvW© jy¨R _vK‡j GwU mwVKfv‡e ¯ø‡U emvb| Gfv‡e wVK bv
n‡j wWm‡cø KvW©wU cwieZ©b K‡i †`Lyb|
mgm¨v-16 gwbU‡i nVvr K‡i Qwe Av‡m Avevi P‡j hvq|
KviY t K¨ve‡ji ms‡hvM jy¨R ev bó n‡Z cv‡i|
mgvavb t KgwcDUvi Ges gwbU‡ii g‡a¨ mshy³ †WUv K¨vejwU jy¨R wKbv †mwU
cixÿv Kiæb Ges jy¨R _vK‡j †mwU fv‡jvg‡Zv mshy³ Kiæb|
mgm¨v-17 gwbU‡ii w¯ŒbwU w¯’i _v‡K bv eis AbeiZ Kuvc‡Z _v‡K|
KviY t
1. K¨vej ms‡hvMwU jy¨R _vK‡Z cv‡i|
2. GwRwc Kv‡W© ÎæwU _vK‡Z cv‡i|
3. †jv †fv‡ëR mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i|
mgvavb t
1. K¨vej ms‡hvMwU jy¨R wKbv cixÿv Kiæb| jy¨R _vK‡j †mwU mwVKfv‡e
jvwM‡q w`b|
2. GwRwc Kv‡W©i ÎæwU wbY©‡q m¤¢e n‡j Av‡iKwU KvW© msMÖn K‡i jvwM‡q
wbb| Zvici †`Lyb †mwU wVK wKbv| Avcbvi KvW©wU‡Z ÎæwU †c‡j Zv
e`‡j wbb|
3. we`y¨‡Zi †fv‡ëR wVK ivL‡Z †fv‡ëR ÷¨vwejvBRvi e¨envi Kiæb|
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Aa¨vq-4
nvW©wW¯‹ WªvBf
nvW© wW¯‹ WªvBf Z_v ms‡ÿ‡c nvW© wW¯‹ ev nvW© WªvBf n‡jv GKwU bb-†fvjvUvBj
†÷v‡iR wWfvBm †hwU wWwRUvj Dcv‡q Gb‡Kv‡WW †WUv‡K i¨vwcWwj †iv‡UwUs
wiwRW (nvW©) cøvUv‡i g¨vM‡bwUK mvi‡dmmn msiÿY K‡i| GB wW¯‹‡K
DBb‡P÷vi wW¯‹I ejv nq| KgwcDUv‡ii ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GKwU mnvqK ¯§„wZ n‡jv nvW©
wW¯‹ WªvBf| GB wW‡¯‹ iwÿZ Z_¨mg~n mn‡R bó nq bv e‡j cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj
c¨v‡KR Ges ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨mg~n nvW©wW‡¯‹ msiÿY Kiv nq| nvW©wW¯‹ bó nIqv ev
†gvQbxq †Kvb KgvÛ e¨ZxZ GLvbKvi
Z_¨mg~n bó nq bv| Z‡e fvBiv‡mi
Avµg‡Y Z_¨ bó n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| wW¯‹wU
AwaK aviYÿg weavq GLv‡b A‡bK Z_¨
msiÿY Kiv hvq| eZ©gv‡b mvaviYZ 250
wMMvevBU †_‡K m‡e©v”P 3 †UivevBU ev
3000 wMMvevBU (†deªæqvwi 2011 ch©šÍ
cvIqv me©‡kl Z_¨ Abyhvqx) aviY ÿgZv
m¤úbœ nvW©wW¯‹ evRv‡i cvIqv hv‡”Q|
j¨vcUc nvW©wW¯‹
j¨vcU‡ci nvW©wW¯‹‡K Ggbfv‡e wWRvBb K‡i ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q hv‡Z G‡Z cvIqvi
Kg e¨envi n‡q ZvcgvÎv Kg ˆZwi nq| ZvB GwU †W¯‹Uc nvW©wW‡¯‹i †P‡q Kg N~Y©b
MwZi n‡q _v‡K| †hgb-mvaviYfv‡e †W¯‹Uc nvW©wW‡¯‹i AviwcGg 7200 †mLv‡b
j¨vcUc nvW©wW‡¯‹i AviwcGg 5400 n‡q _v‡K| mvaviYfv‡e †W¯‹Uc nvW©wW‡¯‹i
WvqvwgUv‡ii mvBR 3.5 BwÂ †mLv‡b j¨vcUc nvW©wW‡¯‹i WvqvwgUv‡ii mvBR 2.5
BwÂ| eZ©gvb mg‡q me j¨vcUc
nvW©wW¯‹ SATA UvB‡ci n‡q _v‡K|
†gvevBj nvW©wW¯‹ mvaviYZ †W¯‹Uc
nvW©wW¯‹ †_‡K Kg aviY ÿgZvi
n‡q _v‡K| †gvevBj ev †cvU©vej
nvW©WªvB‡ei `vg †W¯‹Uc
nvW©WªvB‡fi †P‡q †ewk n‡q _v‡K|

wewfbœ ai‡Yi nvW© wW¯‹
KgwcDUv‡ii nvW© wW¯‹‡K cÖavbZ Pvi fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| G¸‡jv n‡jv t
1. AvBwWB ev cvUv (IDE/PATA) nvW© wW¯‹ WªvBf
2. mvUv (SATA) nvW© wW¯‹ WªvBf
3. ¯‹¨vwR (SCSI) nvW© wW¯‹ WªvBf
4. mvm (SAS) nvW© wW¯‹ WªvBf
AvBwWB ev cvUv (IDE/PATA) nvW© wW¯‹ WªvBf
AvBwWB nvW© wW¯‹ WªvB‡fi cy‡iv A_© n‡jv ÔBw›U‡MÖ‡UW WªvBf B‡jKUªwb·
(Integrated Drive Electronics)Õ| G‡K cvUv ev c¨vivjvj A¨vWfvÝ †UK‡bvjwR
A¨vUvP‡g›U (PATA - Parallel advance technology attachment ) bv‡gI WvKv
nq| Gi êwkó¨¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q t
1. IDE/PATA WªvBf¸‡jvi mvaviYZ 40wU wcb _v‡K|
2. IDE/PATA WªvBf¸‡jv 133 MB/sec UªvÝdvi †iU cÖ`vb K‡i|
3. GB WªvBf GKB mg‡q 8 weU †WUv †cÖiY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
4. PATA nvW© wW¯‹¸‡jv‡K mshy³ Kivi Rb¨ PATA K¨vej eënvi Kiv
nq| GKwU GKK PATA K¨ve‡j `ywU WªvBf‡K hy³ Kiv hvq| G‡ì
GKwU gv÷vi wn‡m‡e Ges AciwU †møf wn‡m‡e| nvW© wW¯‹ WªvB‡f
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Rv¤úvimg~‡ni wewfbœ mgš^‡qi gva¨‡g gv÷vi I †møf KbwdMv‡ikb
wba©viY Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
mvUv (SATA) nvW© wW¯‹ WªvBf
wmwiqvj AvUv ev mvUvi cy‡iv A_© n‡jv Ôwmwiqvj A¨vWfvÝ †UK‡bvjwR
A¨vUvP‡g›U WªvBf (SATA - Serial Advance Technology Attachment Drive)Õ|
Gi ˆewkó¨¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q t

1. SATA WªvBf¸‡jv mvaviYZ 7 wc‡bi n‡q _v‡K| G‡ì g‡a¨ †WUv
†cÖiY I MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ 4 wcb `ywU †Rvovq _v‡K Ges evwK 3 wcb
MÖvD‡ÛW Ae¯’vq _v‡K|
2. SATA WªvBf¸‡jv mvaviYZ 300MB/sec UªvÝdvi †iU cÖ`vb K‡i|
3. GwU †WUv‡K we‡Ui ci weU AvKv‡i †cÖiY K‡i|
4. SATA nvW© wW¯‹¸‡jv‡K mshy³ Kivi Rb¨ SATA K¨vej eënvi Kiv
nq| GKwU mvUv K¨ve‡j ïay GKwU WªvBfB mshy&³ Kiv hvq|
¯‹¨vwR (SCSI) nvW© wW¯‹ WªvBf
¯‹¨vwR Gi cy‡iv A_© n‡jv Ô¯§j KgwcDUvi wm‡÷g B›Uvi‡dm WªvBf (Small
Computer System Interface Drive)Õ| Gi êwkó¨¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q t
1. SCSI WªvBf¸‡jvi mvaviYZ 50wU †_‡K 68wU wcb _v‡K|
2. SCSI WªvBf¸‡jv mvaviYZ 640MB/sec UªvÝdvi †iU cÖ`vb K‡i|
3. GB WªvBf¸‡jv †mvqv‡cej (swappable) bq|
4. SCSI nvW© wW¯‹ ms‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ mvaviYZ SCSI K¨vej eëüZ nq|
GKwU SCSI K¨ve‡j m‡e©v”P 16wU WªvBf mshy³ Kiv hvq| K¨ve‡j Gi
AvB‡Ww›Uwd‡Kk‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZwU nvW© wW¯‹ WªvB‡fi GKwU 8 evBU
†n·v‡Wwmg¨vj †KvW i‡q‡Q hv WWN (world wide name) bv‡g
cwiwPZ|
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mvm (SAS) nvW© wW¯‹ WªvBf
mvm Gi cy‡iv A_© n‡jv Ôwmwiqvj A¨vUvPW ¯‹¨vwR WªvBf (SAS - Serial Attached
SCSI Drive)Õ| Gi ˆewkó¨¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q t
1. SAS WªvBf¸‡jv mvaviYZ 805 MB/sec UªvÝdvi †iU cÖ`vb K‡i|
2. GB WªvBf¸‡jv nU †mvqv‡cej (hot swappable)|
3. SAS WªvBf¸‡jv‡K mshy³ Kivi Rb¨ SAS K¨vej e¨eüZ nq| GKwU
SAS K¨ve‡j m‡e©v”P 128wU WªvBf‡K mshy³ Kiv hvq|

GQvovI AviI K‡qK ai‡bi nvW© wW¯‹ WªvBf i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv n‡jv t
 mvwm (SASI - Shugart Associates System Interface) nvW© wW¯‹
WªvBf t GwU SCSI Gi c~e©cyiæl|
 GmwU-506 (ST-506 - Seagate Technology) nvW© wW¯‹ WªvBf t
HwZnvwmK wm‡MU B›Uvi‡dm| ST-412 Gi LvwbKUv DbœZ iƒc|
 GmwU-412 (ST-412 - Seagate Technology) nvW© wW¯‹ WªvBf t
HwZnvwmK wm‡MU B›Uvi‡dm|
 BGmwWAvB (Enhanced Small Disk Interface) nvW© wW¯‹ WªvBf t
HwZnvwmK| ST-412/506 Gi mv‡_ e¨vKIqvW© K¤úvwUej| Z‡e
`ªæZMwZi Ges AwaK Bw›U‡MÖ‡UW|
nvW©wW¯‹ iÿYv‡eÿ‡Y KiYxq
 nvW©wW¯‹ me©`v Kgc‡ÿ 1015% duvKv ivLyb|
 nvW©wW¯‹ Kg‡cÖkb bv KivB fvj| G‡Z wW‡¯‹i RvqMv evo‡e wKš‘
KgwcDUv‡ii Kvh©KvwiZv n«vm cv‡e|
 fvBiv‡mi e¨vcK AvµgY †_‡K iÿv, `ªæZ †WUv wiW Kiv, `ªæZ Gw›U-
fvBivm Pvjbv BZ¨vw` myweavi Rb¨ nvW©wW¯‹‡K K‡qKwU cvwU©kb Kiæb|
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 nvW©wW¯‹ †_‡K AcÖ‡qvRbxq dvBj gy‡Q †djyb|
 nvW©wW¯‹ †_‡K wewfbœ dvBj gyQvi ciI wimvB‡Kj we‡b †_‡K
nvW©wW‡¯‹B †_‡K hvq| ZvB Recycle Bin †_‡K G‡Kev‡i
AcÖ‡qvRbxq dvBjmg~n gy‡Q w`b| wimvB‡Kj web dvKv n‡q wW‡¯‹i
†¯úm e„w× cv‡e|
 gv‡S gv‡S nvW©wW‡¯‹ Scandisk †cÖvMÖvg Pvwj‡q Gi surface ¯‹¨vwbs
Kiæb|
 gv‡S gv‡S Defrag †cÖvMÖvg Pvwj‡q wW‡¯‹ Qov‡bv wQUv‡bv dvB‡ji
Ask¸‡jv GKwÎZ K‡i wW‡¯‹i Kg©`ÿZv e„w× Kiæb|
 bZzb nvW©wW¯‹ jvMv‡j ev‡qvm nvW©wW¯‹wU‡K mv‡cvU© K‡i wKbv Zv wbw`©ó
Kiæb| bv Ki‡j ev‡qvm Avc‡WU Kiæb|
 cÖ‡qvR‡b nvW©wW¯‹ wbg©vZv‡ì I‡qe mvB‡U wM‡q wewfbœ Z_¨ Rvbyb Ges
cÖ‡qvRbxq †cÖvMÖvg WvDb †jvW Kiæb| I‡qe mvBU¸‡jv‡Z Frequently
Ask Questions Gi ZvwjKvq wKQy Kgb I mvaviY cÖ‡kœi mgvavb _v‡K |
 PjšÍ Ae¯’vq wm‡÷g BDwbU‡K †Rv‡i SvwK w`‡j ev †d‡j w`‡j
nvW©wW¯‹ bó n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| ZvB G e¨vcv‡i Lye mZK© _vK‡Z n‡e|
A‡b‡K Mvwo‡Z e‡m j¨vcUc eënvi K‡ib| hw` †ewk bovPov nq
Zvn‡j Gfv‡e j¨vcUc eënvi bv KivB fvB|
 KgwcDUv‡i Kv‡Ri mgq cÖwZw`bB ˆZwi nq AmsL¨ Temporary (.tmp)
dvBj| Gme dvBj gy‡Q nvW© wW¯‹‡K RÄvjgy³ ivLyb|
 bZzb nvW©wW¯‹¸‡jv Ny‡i †ewk w¯ú‡W Ges Kuv‡cI †ewk| Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í Zv
Kgvi K_v| bv K‡g hw` evo‡ZB _v‡K Zvn‡j nvW©wW‡¯‹ †Kvb mgm¨v
n‡q‡Q a‡i wb‡Z n‡e| GiKg wKQy n‡j fvj nvW©Iq¨vi cÖ‡KŠkjxi
kiYvcbœ n‡Z n‡e|
nvW©wW‡¯‹i mgm¨v wPwýZKiY
jÿY-1 t ev‡qvm nvW©wW¯‹ kbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv
mgm¨vi KviY t we`y¨r mieivn m¤¢e bv n‡j, †Kej ms‡hvM wew”Qbœ n‡j, WªvB‡fi
B‡jKUªwbK KvW© Kvh©ÿgZv nvwi‡q †dj‡j|
jÿY-2 t i¨vbWg µ¨vk, Gii †g‡mR, WªvBf kbv³ nIqv m‡Ë¡I eënv‡i Aÿg
mgm¨vi KviY t wgwWqv KivÞ, wW‡mM‡bw÷K ev †PŠ¤^KZ¡nxb n‡j|
jÿY-3 t WªvBf b‡qkK m„wó K‡i/ wK¬K mvDÛ m„wó nq

mgm¨vi KviY t eyU †m±i fvBivm AvµvšÍ, dvBj A¨v‡jv‡Kkb †Uej KivÞ, cvwU©kb
†Uej KivÞ/ ev gwWdvBW n‡j, †nW GKPy‡qUi †gKvwbRg Gii ev †nW cvwKs
†gKvwbRg Kvh©ÿgZv nvwi‡q †dj‡j|
nvW© wW¯‹ µ¨vk I Zvi cÖwZKvi
Kw¤úDUv‡ii GKwU Ab¨Zg mgm¨v n‡jv Kw¤úDUvi µ¨vk Kiv| AwaKvsk †ÿ‡ÎB
Kw¤úDUvi µ¨vk ej‡Z nvW©wW¯‹ µ¨vk‡KB †evSv‡bv nq| hLb Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g
nvW©wW‡¯‹ msiwÿZ WvUv ev Bb÷ªvKkb wiW Ki‡Z e¨_© nq, ZLbB ejv nq †h nvW©wW¯‹
µ¨vk K‡i‡Q| ‡W¯‹Uc KgwcDUv‡ii †ejvq nvW©©wW¯‹ µ¨vk GLb A‡bKUv wbZ¨
ˆbwgwËK e¨vcv‡i cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| j¨vcU‡ci Rb¨ ˆZwiK…Z †gvevBj nvW©wW¯‹ †W¯‹U‡ci
nvW©wW‡¯‹i Zzjbvq Kg µ¨vk nq| nvW©wW¯‹ µ¨vk Ki‡j G‡Z iwÿZ e¨enviKvixi
g~j¨evb A‡bK Z_¨ b÷ n‡q hvq| nvW©wW¯‹ µ¨vk Ki‡j Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g wewfbœ
ai‡bi †g‡mR cÖ`vb K‡i| †hgb-
 †g‡mR : ‘Invalid partitin table……’’
 †g‡mR : ‘Sector not found……’’
 †g‡mR: ‘Invalid media type error……’’
 †g‡mR : ‘General failure reading drive X…’’
wW‡¯‹i †Kvb ¸iæZi mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡j Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g mgm¨vi aib cÖK…wZi Dci
wfwË K‡i Dchy©³ †g‡mR¸‡jv cÖ`vb K‡i wW‡¯‹ jwRK¨vj I wdwRK¨vj GB `yÕai‡bi
mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| jwRK¨vj mgm¨vi Kvi‡Y eyU †m±i , cvwU©kb †Uej, d¨vU Gwiqv
A_ev WvB‡i±i Gwiqv bó n‡Z cv‡i| wdwRK¨vj mgm¨vi Kvi‡Y wW‡¯‹i †Kv‡bv
†Kv‡bv K‡¤úv‡b›U wKsev jwRK KvW© AKvh©Ki n‡q c‡o|
nvW©wW¯‹ †hme Kvi‡Y µ¨vk Ki‡Z Zvi gvÎv wb‡P †`qv nj t
mdUIq¨vi KivÞ-22%, wnDg¨vb Gii-30%, wm‡÷g g¨vjdvskbÑ18%, nvW©Iq¨vi
Gii-13%, fvBivm-9%, m¨v‡ev‡UR-6% I b¨vPvivj wWRv÷vi -2%|
nvW©wW¯‹ µ¨v‡ki Dchy©³ KviY¸‡jv wbf©i Ki‡Q wewfbœ cvwicvwk©K Ae¯’vi Dci| GB
cvwicvwk©K KviYMy‡jv wb‡P †`qv n‡jvt
1. †gKvwbK¨vj d›U t cÖPÛ SvKzwbi Kvi‡Y nvW©wW¯‹ wiW/ivBU †nW‡K cøUv‡ii bb-
†÷v‡iR cÖv‡šÍ hw` cvK© Kiv bv nq, Zvn‡j cøUvi mvi‡dm µ¨vk Ki‡Z cv‡i,
G‡Z nvW©wW¯‹ µ¨vk Ki‡Z cv‡i| G Ae¯’vq nvW©wW‡¯‹i msiwÿZ WvUv ev
Bb÷ªvKkb bó n‡e Zv‡Z †Kvb m‡›`n †bB| Z‡e eZ©gv‡b wKQz wKQz nvW©wW¯‹
†Kv¤úvwb wW‡¯‹ ¯^qswµqfv‡e cøUvi cvwK©s †gKvwbR‡g mw¾Z K‡i‡Qb G‡Z
WªvBfv‡ii cvIqvi Ab bv _vK‡j wcwm ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii mgq nvW©wW¯‹ µ¨v‡ki
m¤¢vebv ej‡Z †M‡j cÖvq _v‡K bv |
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2. ZvcgvÎv t nvW©wW¯‹‡K ZvcgvÎvi GKwU wbw`©ó mxgvi g‡a¨ Acv‡iU Kivi Rb¨
wWRvBb Kiv nq| ZvB, †fw›U‡jkb eë¯’v hw` h_vh_ bv nq, Zvn‡j
nvW©wW‡¯‹i †nW cwRk‡bi †gKvwbK¨vj dvskb ev mvwK©U Dcv`v‡bi dvskb
h_vh_fv‡e KvR Ki‡Z bvI cv‡i| d‡j †n‡Wi wiW/ivBU Kvh©µg h_vh_fv‡e
m¤úbœ n‡Z cv‡i bv Ges nvW©wW¯‹ µ¨v‡ki KviY n‡q ùvovq|
3. wgwWqv Gii/ µywUc~Y© WvUv t g¨vby‡dKPvwis µwUi Kvi‡Y ev AgvwR©Z AvPi‡Yi
Kvi‡YI A‡bK mgq cøUv‡ii wbw`©ó wKQz Ask W¨v‡gR Ask¸‡jv‡K e¨vW †m±i
wn‡m‡e MY¨ Ki‡Z Ges Gwiqv‡K WvUv wiW ivB‡Ui †Póv K‡i| wKš‘ WvUv
wiW/ivBU e¨_© n‡q Gii g¨v‡mR cÖ`vb K‡i Ges wb‡`©k K‡i wW¯‹ G‡·m‡hvM¨ bq
G ai‡bi wW¯‹ eënvi bv KivB fv‡jv|
4. Kb‡Wbkb ev Nbxfeb t nvW©wW‡¯‹i AvKw¯§K ZvcgvÎv cwieZ©‡bi Kb‡Wbk‡bi
KviY n‡Z cv‡i| wW¯‹ Gb‡K¬vRv‡ii Af¨šÍ‡i Nbxfe‡bi Kvi‡Y gvivZ¥K ai‡bi
mgm¨v †hgb-†nW µ¨vk Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvQvov nvW©wW‡¯‹i mvi‡dm Nxfe‡bi
d‡j B‡jKwUª‡Kj mvwK©‡Ui Bbmjy¨kb n‡Z cv‡i wKsev ÿ‡qi KviY n‡Z cv‡i|
hv cieZx©‡Z Aweivgfv‡e Gi‡ii m~ÎcvZ NUv‡Z cv‡i|
5. fvB‡eªkb t nvW©wW‡¯‹i cÖwZwU g‡W‡ji fvB‡eªk‡bi gvÎv wbw©`©ó _v‡K| nvW©wW¯‹
Acv‡ik‡bi mgq hw` wbw`©ó mxgvi †P‡q †ewk fvB‡eªkb nq, Zv n‡j Zv †n‡W
UªvÝwgU nq| d‡j †n‡Wi cwRkwbs Kb‡Uªvj wm‡÷g ÿwZMÖ¯’ nq Ges †n‡Wi
wiW/ivBU cvidi‡gÝ‡K e¨vnZ K‡i|
6. a~jvevjy t mvaviYZ nvW©wW‡¯‹I †nW Ges wW¯‹ Dfq wW¯‹ Gb‡K¬vRvi Øviv Ave„Z
_v‡K| GwU †nW Ges wW¯‹‡K a~jvevjy gy³ ivLvi Rb¨ mxj Kiv _v‡K| wKš‘
evZv‡mi cÖev‡ni ZviZg¨ NU‡j ZvcgvÎvi cwieZ©b N‡U Ges a~jvevjy Rgvi
m¤¢vebv †`Lv †`q| G‡Z nvW©wW‡¯‹i ¸iæZi mgm¨vi m„wó K‡i|
7. †nW µ¨vk t nvW©wW‡¯‹i †nW wiW/ivBU Kivi Rb¨ wW¯‹ Dfq wW¯‹ Gb‡K¬vRvi Øviv
Ave„Z _v‡K | GwU †nW Ges wW¯‹‡K a~jvevjy, Zij ev AvVvj c`v_© Rg‡j,
†n‡Wi ¯^vfvweK †f‡m †eov‡bv Kvh©µg eënZ nq Ges †nW I wW‡¯‹i g‡a¨
ms‡hvM NUvq| mvaviYZ †nW ¯^vfvweKfv‡e Gme ewnivMZ Dcv`vb‡K
¯^qswµqfv‡e AcmviY Ki‡Z Ges ¯^vfvweK Kvh©µg Pvwj‡q †h‡Z mÿg nq|
Z‡e, †Kvb KviYekZ we‡kl K‡i ZvcgvÎv evovi Kvi‡Y G me a~jvevjy KwVb
(mwjW) e¯‘‡Z cwiYZ n‡j Gai‡bi ÿwZ‡K †nW µ¨vk bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv nq|
8. kK t fvB‡eªk‡bi g‡ZvB nvW©wW¯‹ kK Gi gvÎv wbw`©ó _v‡K| hw` †Kvb Kvi‡Y
kK&-Gi gvÎv e„w× †c‡q wbw`©ó mxgv Qvwo‡q hvq, Zvn‡j w¯úÛj bg©vj cwRkwbs
†gKvwbRg‡K ÿwZMÖ¯’ K‡i d‡j nvW©wW¯‹‡K W¨v‡gR K‡i Ges msiwÿZ WvUvi
e¨vcK ÿwZmvab K‡i|

µ¨vk nIqv nvW©wW¯‹ †_‡K WvUv cybiæ×vi Kiv
nvW©wW¯‹ µ¨vk Ki‡j w`‡knviv nIqvi †Kvb KviY †bB| †Kbbv AwaKvsk †ÿ‡ÎB WvUv
cybiæ×vi Kiv hvq | GgbwK nvW©wW¯‹ KivÞ Ki‡j ev wW‡¯‹i B‡jK‡Uªvg¨vM‡bwUK¡ †jvc
†c‡jI WvUv cybiæ×vi Kiv m¤¢e|
nvW©wW‡¯‹I wdwRK¨vj Gii ev B‡jKwUªK¨vj †dBjy¨i msµvšÍ mgm¨vi mgvav‡bi Rb¨
nvW©wW¯‹‡K Db¥y³ K‡i cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv K‡¤úv‡b›U e`wj‡q bZzb
K‡¤úv‡b›U †mwUs‡qi cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z cv‡i| G ai‡bi KvR †KejgvÎ GKRb AwfÁ
†UKwbwkqv‡bi c‡ÿB m¤¢e| hw` nvW©wW¯‹ wdwRK¨vj W¨v‡gR nq, Zvn‡j wiKfvwi
mdUIq¨vi w`‡q WvUv cybiæ×vi Kiv ev wi‡cqvi Kiv m¤¢e bq| G †ÿ‡Î wW¯‹‡K
wewfbœfv‡e cixÿv-wbixÿv K‡i †`L‡Z n‡e| hw` mgm¨vwU B‡jKUªwbK Gii nq A_©vr
nvW© WªvB‡fi jwRK KvW© hw` AKvh©Ki n‡q c‡o, Zvn‡j Lye mn‡RB jwRK KvW©
e`wj‡q Dchy³ bZzb jwRK KvW© ewm‡q mgm¨vi mgvavb Kiv hvq|
nvW©wW‡¯‹i wiW Gii wb‡`©k K‡i †h, wW‡¯‹i gUi †dj K‡i‡Q ev nvW©wW¯‹ †nW W¨v‡gR
n‡q‡Q, nvW©wW‡¯‹I G ai‡bi wgwWqv Gii Gi †ÿ‡Î w¯úÛj †_‡K cøUvi‡K wdwRK¨vwj
AcmviY K‡i GKwU wfbœ WªvBf †gKvwbRg emv‡Z nq| cieZx©‡Z †mLvb †_‡K
Kv÷gvBR WvUv wiKfvwi mdUIq¨v‡ii gva¨‡g nvW©wW¯‹ Gi ÿwZMÖ¯’ Gwiqv †_‡K WvUv
wiW Kiv‡bv nq| GB †gKvwbR‡gi g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv Gii Lyu‡R †ei Kiv Ges WvUv
wiKfv‡ii †Póv Kiv| hw` Avcbvi nvW©wW¯‹wU wdwRK¨vj W¨v‡gR bv nq, Zvn‡j †h
†KD evmvq e‡m dvBj wiKfvwi BDwUwjwU ev Kv÷g Uzj †hgbÑAbUª¨v‡Ki BwR
wiKfvwi ev j÷ A¨vÛ dvDÛ cÖf„wZ w`‡q WvUv cybiæ×v‡ii †Póv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e,
BDwUwjwU mdUIq¨vi w`‡q WvUv cybiæ×vi Kiv hv‡e bv| G‡ÿ‡Î WvUv wiKfvi Kivi
Rb¨ e¨enviKvix‡K wfbœ Av‡iKwU nvW©wW‡¯‹i mnvqZv wb‡Z n‡e|
WvUv cybiæ×v‡ii wUcm t
1. nvW©wW¯‹ µ¨vk Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ Kw¤úDUviwU kvU©WvDb Kiæb hv‡Z ÿwZi gvÎv
†e‡o bv hvq| AZtci Kw¤úDUviwU Ab K‡i ev‡qv‡m P‡j hvb Ges †PK K‡i †`Lyb
†h, ev‡qv‡m Kw¤úDUv‡ii nvW©wW¯‹wU wW‡U± K‡i wK bv| hw` ev‡qv‡m nvW©wW¯‹wU
wW‡U± Ki‡Z cv‡i, Zvn‡j Avcwb wb‡R wb‡RB WvUv wiKfvwi BDwUwjwU w`‡q
WvUv cybiæ×v‡ii †Póv Kiæb|
2. nvW©wW¯‹ µ¨vk Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ Kw¤úDUviwU kvUWvDb Kiæb| hv‡Z K‡i ÿwZi
gvÎv †e‡o bv hvq| AZtci Kw¤úDUviwU Ab K‡i ev‡qv‡m P‡j hvb Ges †PK
K‡i †`Lyb †h ev‡qv‡m Kw¤úDUv‡ii nvW©wW¯‹ wW‡U± K‡i wK bv| hw` ev‡qv‡m
nvW©wW¯‹ wW‡U± Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvn‡j Avcbv‡K mvwf©m †m›Uv‡ii kiYvcbœ n‡Z n‡e|
hw` ev‡qv‡m nvW©wW¯‹‡K wW‡U± Ki‡Z bv cv‡i , Zvn‡j Avcwb wb‡R wb‡RB WvUv
wiKfvwi BDwUwjwU w`‡q WvUv cybiæØv‡ii †Póv Kiæb|
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(hviv G·cvU© BDRvi Zviv wiKfvwi BDwUwjwU w`‡q WvUv cybiæ×vi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,
Z‡e bZzb BDRvi ev mvaviY eënviKvixiv G ai‡bi mgm¨v n‡j nvW©Iq¨vi
BwÄwbqvi‡ì mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Kiæb|)
nvW©wW¯‹‡K ¸wQ‡q ivLv t Disk Defragmenter eënvi
KgwcDUvi nvW© wW¯‹ AZ¨waK eënv‡ii d‡j nvW© wW‡¯‹i †jLv¸‡jv wewfbœ
RvqMvq Qwo‡q wQwU‡q hvq| G Ae¯’v‡K nvW© wW¯‹ Amw¾Z ev Defrag e‡j|
ZLb KgwcDUvi‡K †Kvb wKQy co‡Z ej‡j A‡cÿvK…Z †ewk mg‡qi cÖ‡qvRb
nq| G Ae¯’vq wW‡¯‹i m‡e©v”P Kvh©KvwiZv wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ Disk Defragmenter
KgvÛwU eënvi Kiv hvq| Defragmenter KgvÛwU dvB‡ji Z_¨vewj‡K mvwR‡q
¸wQ‡q cybivq wjwce× K‡i d‡j †Kvb dvBj co‡Z wM‡q KgwcDUv‡ii
A‡cÿvK…Z Kg mgq cÖ‡qvRb nq|
DB‡ÛvR G·wc‡Z Gi Disk Defragmenter eënvi
1. KgwcDUv‡ii †W¯‹Uc †_‡K My Computer Gi AvBK‡b Wvej wK¬K
K‡i gvB KgwcDUv‡i cÖ‡ek Kiæb|
2. †h WªvB‡f wWd«¨vM‡g‡›Ukb cÖwµqv Pvjv‡Z Pvb †mB WªvB‡f gvDm
c‡q›Uvi †i‡L gvD‡mi Wvb evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb|
3. AvMZ ccAvc †gby †_‡K Properties G wK¬K Kiæb|
4. †cÖvcvwU©R WvqvjM e· Avm‡e| GLvb †_‡K Tools U¨v‡e wK¬K Kiæb|

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5. Tools U¨v‡ei Aax‡b _vKv Defragmentation n‡Z Defragment Now
evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb| Disk Defragmenter bv‡g GKwU DB‡Ûv Avm‡e|
GB Ae¯’vq WªvBfwU wbe©vwPZ Ae¯’vq _vK‡e|
weKí c×wZ
Start > Programs > Accessories > System Tools > Disk Defragmenter wb‡`©k
w`‡qI wW¯‹ wW‡d«M‡g›Uvi DB‡ÛvwU I‡cb Kiv hvq| †m‡ÿ‡Î AvMZ DB‡Ûv †_‡K
wbw`©ó WªvBfwU wm‡j± K‡i w`‡Z n‡e|

6. AvMZ DB‡Ûv n‡Z Defragment evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb| cÖ_‡g wbw`©ó
WªvBfwU‡K A¨vbvjvBR Kivi cÖwµqv ïiæ n‡e|
7. A¨vbvjvBR cÖwµqv †kl n‡q hvevi ci ïiæ n‡e wW¯‹ wWd«¨vM‡g‡›Ukb
cÖwµqv| DB‡Ûvi wb‡Pi w`‡K `ywU evi †`Lv hv‡e| Dc‡ii eviwU‡Z
wWd«¨vM‡g‡›Uk‡bi Av‡Mi Ae¯’v Ges Zvi wb‡Pi eviwU‡Z
wWd«¨vM‡g‡›Uk‡bi c‡ii Ae¯’v cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| GB Ae¯’vq d«¨vM‡g‡›UW
dvBj, Kw›UwRqvm dvBj, Avbgy‡fej dvBj I wd« †¯úm¸‡jv wfbœ wfbœ
i‡O cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|
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8. cy‡iv cÖwµqv m¤úbœ nevi ci GKwU evZ©v cÖ`wkZ n‡e| wi‡cvU© †`L‡Z
PvB‡j View Report evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e|
9. wWd«¨vM‡g‡›UW WªvBfwUi wb‡Pi g‡Zv cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| evi¸‡jv †`‡L Lye
mn‡RB eySv hv‡e G‡jv‡g‡jv Ae¯’vb¸‡jv †h web¨v¯Í n‡q‡Q|

10.  Close †evZvg wK¬K K‡i DB‡ÛvwU eÜ Kiæb|
DB‡ÛvR 7/wfmZv‡Z Disk Defragmenter e¨envi
1. Start >All Programs >Accessories > System Tools > Disk
Defragmenter wb‡`©k w`b| wW¯‹ wW‡d«M‡g›Uvi WvqvjM e· cÖ`wk©Z
n‡e|
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2. †h WªvBfwU‡K Defrag Ki‡Z Pvb Zv wbe©vPb K‡i cÖ_‡g Analyze disk
evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb| A¨vbvjvBR cÖwµqv ïiæ n‡e| GB cÖwµqv †kl nevi
ci Defragment disk evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb| Defragmenting DB‡Ûv
cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| wP‡Î Defragmenting nIqvi cÖwµqv cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|
KZUzKz Defragment m¤úvw`Z n‡q‡Q Zv DB‡Ûv‡Z cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|

3. wW‡d«M‡g›U cÖwµqv PjvKv‡j Avcwb hw` Zv _vwg‡q w`‡Z Pvb Z‡e Stop
Operation evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb|
4. Defragment cÖwµqv mgvß nIqvi c‡i WvqvjM e· Avm‡e|
5. cÖ‡qvRb g‡Zv View Report ev Close evUb wK¬K Kiæb|
6. GLvb †_‡K View Report †evZvg wK¬K Ki‡j †h WªvB‡fi Defragment
Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi djvdj cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|
7. Close †evZvg wK¬K K‡i DB‡ÛvwU eÜ Kiæb|
8. Avcwb hw` wbw`©ó mgq AšÍi AšÍi ¯^qswµqfv‡e wW¯‹ wW‡d«M‡g›Uvi Pvjy
Ki‡Z Pvb Z‡e Zvi wkwWDj KbwdMvi K‡i w`‡Z cv‡ib| GRb¨ g~j
DB‡Ûvi Configure Schedule evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb| wb‡Pi WvqvjM e·
Avm‡e| GLvb †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq Ackb¸‡jv wba©viY K‡i w`‡q OK
evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb|
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nvW©wW¯‹‡K wK¬b Kiv t AcÖ‡qvRbxq dvBj ev` †`qv
KvR Ki‡Z wM‡q KgwcDUvi wm‡÷‡g A‡bK AcÖ‡qvRbxq dvBj Rgv nq| †hgb
†U¤úivwi dvBj, B›Uvi‡bU †_‡K WvDb-†jvW Kiv dvBj, Recycle Bin-G Rgv
nIqv dvBj| G mKj dvBj nvW©wW‡¯‹ RvqMv `Lj K‡i _v‡K| Disk Clean-up
bvgK GKwU Ackb e¨envi K‡i G mKj AcÖ‡qvRbxq dvBj wm‡÷g †_‡K gy‡Q
†djv hvq| AcÖ‡qvRbxq dvBj gy‡Q nvW©wW¯‹‡K SÄvUgy³ †i‡L cvidi‡gÝ
evov‡bvi gva¨‡g j¨vcU‡ci e¨vUvwii Dci Pvc Kgv‡bv hvq|
DB‡ÛvR G·wc‡Z Disk Clean-up Ackb e¨envi Kiv t
1| Start †gby †_‡K h_vµ‡g Program  Accessories  System tools wbe©vPb
Kiæb|
2| cÖ`wk©Z mve-†gby †_‡K Disk Clean-up wbe©vPb Kiæb| WvqvjM e· Avm‡e|
3| †h WªvBf †_‡K dvBj gy‡Q †dj‡Z Pvb Zv GLvb †_‡K wbe©vPb Ki‡Z nq|
cÖ‡qvRbxq WªvBf wbe©vPb K‡i OK †evZvg wK¬K Kiæb| D³ WªvB‡f hw` gy‡Q
†djvi g‡Zv AcÖ‡qvRbxq dvBj _v‡K Zvn‡j wb¤œiƒc WvqvjM e· Avm‡e|

4| wbe©vwPZ WªvB‡f wK wK ai‡bi AcÖ‡qvRbxq dvBj Av‡Q Zv cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|
cÖ‡Z¨K ai‡bi dvB‡ji Av‡M GKwU †PK e· Av‡Q| †h RvZxq AcÖ‡qvRbxq
dvBj gyQ‡Z Pvb D³ K¨vUvMwii †PK e· wbe©vPb Kiæb|
5| Ok †evZvg wK¬K Kiæb| mwZ¨B dvBj¸‡jv gy‡Q †djv n‡e wKbv Zvi Rb¨
g¨v‡mR e· Avm‡e|
6| Yes wK¬K Ki‡j Disk clean-up †cÖvMÖvgwU KvR Ki‡e Ges wbe©vwPZ
AcÖ‡qvRbxq dvBj¸‡jv gy‡Q †dj‡e| D‡jøL¨ †h Disk Clean-up †cÖvMÖvg
w`‡q gy‡Q †djv dvBj RecycleBin †dvìv‡i Rgv nq bv| d‡j Zv Avi
cybiæ×vi Kiv hvq bv|
DB‡ÛvR7/wfmZv‡Z Disk Clean-up Ackb e¨envi Kiv t
1. Start >All Programs >Accessories > System Tools > Disk
Defragmenter wb‡`©k w`b|
2. Disk Cleanup : Drive Selection WvqvjM e· Avm‡e|
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3. †h WªvBf †_‡K dvBj gy‡Q †dj‡Z Pvb Zv GLvb †_‡K wbe©vPb Ki‡Z
nq| cÖ‡qvRbxq WªvBf wbe©vPb K‡i OK evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb| D³ WªvB‡f
wK cwigvY gy‡Q †djvi g‡Zv AcÖ‡qvRbxq dvBj Av‡Q Zvi MYbv ïiæ n‡e|
wKQzÿY ci wbgœiƒc WvqvjM e· Avm‡e|
4. wbe©vwPZ WªvB‡f wK wK ai‡bi AcÖ‡qvRbxq dvBj Av‡Q Zv cÖ`wk©Z n‡e
Ges Gi mevB wg‡j wW‡¯‹i wK cwigvY †¯úm `Lj K‡i Av‡Q Zvi

cwigvYI †`Lv‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K ai‡bi dvB‡ji Av‡M GKwU †PK e· Av‡Q|
†h RvZxq AcÖ‡qvRbxq dvBj gyQ‡Z Pvb D³ K¨vUvMwii †PK e·
wbe©vPb Kiæb|
5. wm‡÷g dvBjmg~n gyQ‡Z PvB‡j Cleanup System files evU‡b wK¬K
Kiæb|
6. OK †evZvg wK¬K Kiæb| mwZ¨B dvBj¸‡jv gy‡Q †djv n‡e wKbv Zvi
Rb¨ wbgœiƒc g¨v‡mRe· Avm‡e|
Delete Files wK¬K Ki‡j Disk Cleanup †cÖvMÖvgwU KvR Ki‡e Ges wbe©vwPZ
AcÖ‡qvRxq dvBj¸‡jv gy‡Q †dj‡e| D‡jøL¨ †h, Disk Cleanup †cÖvMÖvg w`‡q gy‡Q
†djv dvBj Recycle Bin †dvìv‡i Rgv nq bv| d‡j Zv Avi cybiæ×vi Kiv hvq
bv|
wimvB‡Kj web †_‡K gy‡Q nvW©wW‡¯‹i †¯úm evov‡bv
mvaviYfv‡e †Kvb dvBj ev †dvìvi gyQ‡j A¯’vwqfv‡e gy‡Q hvq Ges wimvB‡Kj we‡b
Rgv nq| wimvB‡Kj web †cÖvMÖvgwU e¨envi K‡i gy‡Q hvIqv dvBj cybiæ×vi Kiv hvq
Ges wimvB‡Kj we‡b Rgv nIqv dvBj wimvB‡Kj web n‡Z ¯’vqxfv‡e gy‡Q wW‡¯‹i RvqMv
gy³ Kiv hvq| j¨vcU‡ci cvidi‡gÝ evov‡Z n‡j me mgq wW¯‹ †_‡K AcÖ‡qvRbxq
dvBj gy‡Q wW¯‹wU‡K nvjKv ivL‡Z n‡e| d‡j Gw›U fvBivm Pvjbvq Ges Ab¨vb¨
wb‡`©kbvq mgq Kg jvM‡e Ges Gfv‡e j¨vcU‡ci e¨vUvwii Dci Pvc Kg co‡e|
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DB‡ÛvR G·wc‡Z wimvB‡Kj we‡bi e¨envi
 DB‡ÛvR ïiæ K‡i ÷vU© Avc w¯Œ‡b Avmyb|
 Recycle Bin AvBKb G Wvej wK¬K& Kiæb| c`©vq wimvB‡Kj web DB‡Ûv
I‡cb n‡e| DB‡Ûv‡Z gy‡Q hvIqv dvB‡ji ZvwjKv (†jv‡Kkb, ZvwiL, aib Ges
mvBRmn) †`Lv‡”Q| GLvb †_‡K †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU dvBj A_ev GKmv‡_ wm‡j±
K‡i K‡qKwU dvBj cybiæ×vi Kiv hvq A_ev ¯’vqxfv‡e gy‡Q †`qv hvq|
DB‡Ûv‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv †cÖvMÖvg †_‡K dvBj gy‡Q †dj‡j Zv wimvB‡Kj web-G G‡m
Rgv nq| wimvB‡Kj web †_‡K gy‡Q †dj‡j dvBj ¯’vqxfv‡e gy‡Q wW‡¯‹i RvqMv
gy³ Ki‡e| ¯’vqxfv‡e gyQvi Rb¨ t
 wimvB‡Kj web DB‡Ûv‡Z G‡m †h dvBjwU gyQ‡Z Pvb †mwU wm‡j± Kiæb|
(GKvwaK dvBj GKmv‡_ gyQvi Rb¨ dvBjmg~n wbe©vPb Kiæb|)
 File > Delete wb‡`©k w`b| c`©vq g¨v‡mR DB‡Ûv Avm‡e|
 Yes G wK¬K& Kiæb|

wimvB‡Kj web LvwjKiY
DB‡Ûv‡Ri hZ †cÖvMÖvg †_‡K dvBj gyQv †nvK bv †Kb Zv wimvB‡Kj we‡b G‡m
Rgv nq| Gfv‡e A‡bK dvBj Rgv n‡q Ab_©K wW‡¯‹i RvqMv `Lj K‡i iv‡L|
Avcbvi wW‡¯‹ †ewk cwigvY RvqMv bv _vK‡j wimvB‡Kj web Lvwj K‡i wb‡Z
cv‡ib| †mRb¨ t
 wimvB‡Kj web DB‡Ûv‡Z G‡m cÖ‡qvRbxq †Kv‡bv dvBj Av‡Q wKbv †`‡L
wbb| KviY wimvB‡Kj web Lvwj Ki‡j me dvBj ¯’vqxfv‡e gy‡Q hv‡e| ZvB
gy‡Q †djv cÖ‡qvRbxq dvBj _vK‡j Zv †`‡L wi‡÷vi K‡i wbb|
 File G wK¬K& Kiæb A_ev Alt+F Pvcyb|
 Empty Recycle Bin G wK¬K Kiæb A_ev B Pvcyb| c`©vq Avm‡e -
 Yes G wK¬K Kiæb A_ev Y Pvcyb| wimvB‡Kj web Lvwj n‡q hv‡e|
DB‡ÛvR †m‡fb/wfmZv‡Z wimvB‡Kj we‡bi e¨envi
 DB‡ÛvR ïiæ K‡i ÷vU© Avc w¯Œ‡b Avmyb|
 Recycle Bin AvBKb G Wvej wK¬K& Kiæb| c`©vq wimvB‡Kj web DB‡Ûv
I‡cb n‡e|
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DB‡Ûv‡Z gy‡Q hvIqv dvB‡ji ZvwjKv (†jv‡Kkb, ZvwiL, aib Ges mvBRmn)
†`Lv‡”Q| GLvb †_‡K †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU dvBj A_ev GKmv‡_ wm‡j± K‡i K‡qKwU
dvBj cybiæ×vi Kiv hvq A_ev ¯’vqxfv‡e gy‡Q †`qv hvq|
DB‡Ûv‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv †cÖvMÖvg †_‡K dvBj gy‡Q †dj‡j Zv wimvB‡Kj web-G G‡m
Rgv nq| wimvB‡Kj web †_‡K gy‡Q †dj‡j dvBj ¯’vqxfv‡e gy‡Q wW‡¯‹i RvqMv
gy³ Ki‡e| ¯’vqxfv‡e gyQvi Rb¨ t
 wimvB‡Kj web DB‡Ûv‡Z G‡m †h dvBjwU gyQ‡Z Pvb †mwU wm‡j± Kiæb|
(GKvwaK dvBj GKmv‡_ gyQvi Rb¨ dvBjmg~n wbe©vPb Kiæb |)
 Organize †gby‡Z wK¬K K‡i Delete wb‡`©k w`b| c`©vq g¨v‡mR DB‡Ûv
Avm‡e|
 Yes G wK¬K& Kiæb|
wimvB‡Kj web LvwjKiY
 wimvB‡Kj web DB‡Ûv‡Z Avmyb|
 cÖ‡qvRbxq †Kv‡bv dvBj Av‡Q wKbv †`‡L wbb| KviY wimvB‡Kj web Lvwj
Ki‡j me dvBj ¯’vqxfv‡e gy‡Q hv‡e| ZvB c~‡e© gy‡Q †djv cÖ‡qvRbxq dvBj
_vK‡j Zv †`‡L wi‡÷vi K‡i wbb|
 Empty Recycle Bin G wK¬K Kiæb | c`©vq Avm‡e -
 Yes G wK¬K Kiæb A_ev Y Pvcyb| wimvB‡Kj web Lvwj n‡q hv‡e|

AcÖ‡qvRbxq †cÖvMÖvg eÜ Kiv
e¨enviKvix KvR Kivi mgq wewfbœ †cÖvMÖvg GKBmv‡_ Pvjv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z
cv‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î KvR Kivi ciI †MÖvMÖvg¸‡jv wgwbgvBR Ae¯’vq I‡cb _vK‡Z
cv‡i| Uv¯‹ev‡i G¸‡jvi ZvwjKv cÖ`wk©Z nq| Gë Kx Gi mv‡_ K‡›Uªvj Kx
GK‡Î †P‡c cÖ`wk©Z Uv¯‹ g¨v‡bRv‡i I‡cbiZ †cÖvMÖvg †`Lv hvq Ges eÜ Kiv
hvq A_ev Avjv`v Avjv`v †cÖvMÖv‡g Xz‡K Xz‡K †K¬vR Kiv hvq| †Kvb †cÖvMÖv‡g KvR
Kivi ci GwU Avi cÖ‡qvRb bv n‡j eÜ ivL‡j e¨vUvwi Kg LiP nq weavq
j¨vcU‡ci e¨vUvwii cvidi‡gÝ e„w× cvq|
DB‡ÛvR G·wc‡Z †cÖvMÖvg hy³ Kiv ev mwi‡q †djv
DB‡ÛvR-G mn‡RB †Kv‡bv bZzb †cÖvMÖvg Bb÷j Kiv hvq ev Bb÷j Kiv †cÖvMÖvg
gy‡Q †`qv hvq| DB‡ÛvR-G †Kv‡bv †cÖvMÖvg Bb÷j Kiv ev mwi‡q †djvi Rb¨
K‡›Uªvj c¨v‡b‡ji AvIZvq Add/Removes Programs bv‡g GKwU †dvìvi
i‡q‡Q| G †dvìviwU I‡cb K‡i †mLvb †_‡K Install ev Remove wbe©vPb Ki‡Z
nq|
bZzb †cÖvMÖvg Bb÷j Kiv t
1. Start †gby †_‡K Control Panel wK¬K K‡i K‡›Uªvj c¨v‡bj I‡cb Kiæb|
2. K‡›Uªvj c¨v‡bj †_‡K Add/Remove Programs †dvìv‡i Wvej-
wK¬K Kiæb|
3. Add New Programs c¨vb wbe©vwPZ Kiæb| wb‡Pi WvqvjM e·wU cvIqv
hv‡e|
4. WvqvjM e· †_‡K CD or Floppy evUb wK¬K Kiæb|
5. †h †cÖvMÖvgwU Bb÷j Ki‡Z Pvb Zv †h d¬wc wW¯‹ ev wmwW-ig wW‡¯‹
Av‡Q Zv BbmvU© Kiæb| d¬wc wW¯‹ ev wmwW-ig †_‡K †cÖvMÖvgwU Luy‡R
cvIqvi c‡i cieZx© WvqvjM e·wU cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|
6. Ae‡k‡l Finish evUb wK¬K Kiæb| mdUIq¨vi Bb÷‡jkb cÖ‡mm ïiæ
n‡e| †cÖvMÖvgwU Bb÷j Kiv mgvß n‡j Zv wj‡÷ cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|
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†Kv‡bv †cÖvMÖvg AcmviY Kiv
DB‡ÛvR mn‡RB †Kv‡bv Bb÷j Kiv †cÖvMÖvg AcmviY Ki‡Z cv‡i| eZ©gv‡b
A‡bK eo mdUIq¨vimg~n m¤ú~Y© nvW©wW¯‹ Ry‡o _v‡K ZvB wWwjU KgvÛ w`‡q
Luy‡R Luy‡R dvBjmg~n gy‡Q †djv mnRmva¨ bq| †m Ae¯’vq DB‡ÛvR GB AckbwU
e¨envi K‡i †Kvb Bb÷j Kiv †cÖvMÖvg AcmviY Kiv hvq|
1. Start †gby †_‡K Control Panel wK¬K K‡i K‡›Uªvj c¨v‡bj I‡cb Kiæb|
2. Add/Remove Programs c¨vb wbe©vwPZ Kiæb| wb‡Pi WvqvjM
e·wU cvIqv hv‡e|
3. †h †cÖvMÖvgwU AcmviY Ki‡Z Pvb Zv wbe©vPb Kiæb|

4. cÖ`wk©Z WvqvjM e· †_‡K Remove evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb|
5. †cÖvMÖvgwU mwZ¨B gy‡Q †djv n‡e wKbv Zvi Rb¨ mZK© †g‡mR cÖ`wk©Z
n‡e| Yes wbe©vPb Kiæb|
DB‡ÛvR †m‡fb/wfmZv‡Z †cÖvMÖvg hy³ Kiv ev mwi‡q †djv
DB‡ÛvR †m‡fb/ wf¯Ív‡Z mn‡RB †Kv‡bv bZzb †cÖvMÖvg BÝUj Kiv hvq ev BÝUj
Kiv †cÖvMÖvg gy‡Q †`qv hvq| DB‡Ûv‡R †Kv‡bv †cÖvMÖvg BÝUj Kiv ev mwi‡q
†djvi Rb¨ K‡›Uªvj c¨v‡b‡ji AvIZvq Programs and Features bv‡g GKwU
Ackb i‡q‡Q|
†Kvb †cÖvMÖvg AcmviY Kiv
DB‡ÛvR †m‡f‡b mn‡RB †Kv‡bv BÝUj Kiv †cÖvMÖvg AcmviY Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
eZ©gv‡b A‡bK eo mdUIq¨vimg~n m¤ú~Y© nvW©wW¯‹ Ry‡o _v‡K| ZvB wWwjU KgvÛ
w`‡q Luy‡R Luy‡R dvBjmg~n gy‡Q †djv mnRmva¨ bq| †m Ae¯’vq DB‡Ûv‡Ri GB
AckbwU e¨envi K‡i †Kv‡bv BÝUj Kiv †cÖvMÖvg AcmviY Kiv hvq| GRb¨
wb‡Pi c`‡ÿc¸‡jv MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e t
1. ÷vU© †gby †_‡K Control Panel evU‡b wK¬K K‡i K‡›Uªvj c¨v‡b‡j cÖ‡ek
Kiæb|
2. K‡›Uªvj c¨v‡bj Gi View by: n‡Z Large Icon wm‡j± Kiæb| d‡j All
Control Panel Items DB‡Ûv‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡e|
3. GLvb †_‡K Programs and Features wj‡¼ wK¬K Kiæb|
4. Programs and Features DB‡Ûv cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| GLv‡b BÝUj Kiv
me¸‡jv †cÖvMÖvg cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|
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5. †h †cÖvMÖvgwU AcmviY Ki‡Z Pvb Zv wbe©vPb Kiæb| Gi d‡j DB‡Ûvi
Dc‡i Uninstall/Change bv‡gi GKwU evUb cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| †mwU‡Z wK¬K
Kiæb|
6. †cÖvMÖvgwU mwZ¨B gy‡Q †djv n‡e wKbv Zvi Rb¨ mZK© †g‡mR cÖ`wk©Z
n‡e|
7. Continue Uninstall wbe©vPb Kiæb| †cÖvMÖvgwU KgwcDUvi †_‡K
AcmvwiZ hv‡e|

Aa¨vq-5
Kx-‡evW© Gi eënvi
KgwcDUv‡i me‡P‡q †ewk eëüZ BbcyU wWfvBm| Kx †ev‡W eY©, msL¨v, we‡kl
wP‡ýi Kx ev †evZvg¸‡jv mvwie×fv‡e mvRv‡bv _v‡K| eZ©gv‡b eëüZ Kx-
†evW©¸‡jv‡Z 101wU A_ev 102wU A_ev 104wU Kx ev †evZvg Av‡Q| Bs‡iwR
eY© I A¼ Ges we‡kl wP‡ý wPwýZ Kx¸‡jv mvaviY UvBcivBUv‡ii g‡Zv Ges
G‡ì web¨vmI GKB iKg| UvBcivBUv‡i Kx-†ev‡W©i Kx¸‡jv ïay Aÿi
UvBc Kivi Rb¨ eëüZ nq| cÿvšÍ‡i, KgwcDUv‡ii Kx-†ev‡W©i Kx¸‡jvi
mvnv‡h¨ UvBc Kiv QvovI KgwcDUvi‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq me ai‡bi wb‡`©k cÖ`vb
Kiv nq| me j¨vcU‡cB GKwU wWdë Kx-†evW© _v‡K Ges GwU GKwU
AZ¨vek¨Kxq BbcyU wWfvBm|
wPÎ : Kx‡evW©
wewfbœ ai‡bi Kvh© m¤cv`‡bi R‡b¨ j¨vcU‡ci Kx-†ev‡W© wewfbœ ai‡bi Kx
i‡q‡Q; †hgb, Acv‡ikb Kx, Kvm©i Kx, dvskb Kx, wbD‡gwiK Kxc¨vW Ges
†¯ckvj Kx| eZ©gv‡b gvwëwgwWqv I DB‡ÛvR Kx-†ev‡W© AwZwi³ DB‡ÛvR I
gvwëwgwWqv Kx _v‡K|
Kx †evW© eënv‡i KiYxq t
 me mgq Avj‡Zvfv‡e Kx-‡evW© eënvi Ki‡eb| AhvwPZfv‡e Kx-‡ev‡W©
†Rv‡i AvNvZ K‡i Kx Pvc‡eb bv G‡Z Kve©b cvZ I w¯úªs Gi ÿwZ n‡Z
cv‡i|
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 eënv‡ii ci KgwcDUviwU eÜ K‡i Dc‡ii w¯Œb (GjwmwW wWm‡cøwU)
wb‡Pi w`‡K bvgv‡q A_©vr fuvR Kx †ev‡W©i mv‡_ jvMv‡q ivL‡Z n‡e|
d‡j Kx †ev‡W©i Dci gqjv co‡e bv|
 Kx-‡ev‡W©i mvg‡b e‡m cvbvnvi Ki‡eb bv|
 Kx-‡ev‡W©i Dci cvwb ev wjKzBW wKQy †dj‡eb bv|
 ˆZjv³ nv‡Z Kx-‡evW© eënvi Ki‡eb bv|
 cÖ‡dkbvj Kv‡R hviv Kx †evW© A‡bK eënvi K‡ib| †hgb-‡WUv Gw›Uª
Ges K‡¤úv‡Ri KvR K‡ib Zviv j¨vcU‡ci Lye mdU Kx †evW© eënvi
bv K‡i G·Uvibvj BDGmwe Kx †evW© eënvi Kiæb | (G·Uvibvj
BDGmwe Kx †evW© eënvi Kivi wbqgvejx †`qv n‡q‡Q)|
 Kx-‡ev‡W©i Dci fvwi wKQz ivL‡eb bv|
 gv‡S gv‡S big eª¨vk w`‡q Kx-‡evW© cwi®‹vi Kiæb|
 m¤¢e n‡j AwZwi³ GKUv Kx-‡evW© ivLyb| hv‡Z GKwU bó n‡q †M‡j
KvR eÜ K‡i e‡m _vK‡Z bv nq|
Kx-‡ev‡W©i gqjv cwi®‹vi Kiv
Kx-‡evW© KgwcDUv‡ii GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© BbcyU wWfvBm| Kv‡RB G‡K Kv‡h©vc‡hvMx
ivL‡Z wbw`©ó mgq cici G‡Z R‡g _vKv gqjv cwi®‹vi Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Z‡e Kx-
‡evW© cwi®‹vi Kiv wKQyUv RwUj|
1. Kg‡cÖm Gqvi (G‡iv‡mj K¨v‡b), cwi¯‹vi cyivb mywZi Kvco,
B‡j±ªwb· mvgMÖx cwi¯‹vi Kivi we‡kl wjKzBW ( bv _vK‡j cøvw÷K
cwi¯‹vi Kivi †Kvb wjKzBW) BZ¨vw` msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e|
2. g¨vbyqvj †`‡L wb‡Z n‡e G‡Z wbg©vZv KZ…©K we‡kl †Kvb wb‡`©kbv Av‡Q
wKbv|
3. KgwcDUviwU mvU WvDb Ki‡Z n‡e|
4. Kx †evW©wU‡K wew”Qbœ Ki‡Z n‡e|

5. Kx¸‡jvi ga¨Kvi duvKv RvqMvq Kg‡cÖm Gqvi †KvbvKzwb K‡i †¯úª
Ki‡Z n‡e|
6. †ei nIqv gqjv bviv‡q †d‡j w`‡Z n‡e|
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7. Kvc‡o wjKzBW w`‡q gqjv gyQ‡Z n‡e|
8. wKQzÿY A‡cÿv K‡i ïKv‡Z n‡e|
9. Kx‡evW©wU mshy³ K‡i KgwcDUvi Pvjy Ki‡Z n‡e|
j¨vcU‡ci Kx †ev‡W©i wfZ‡ii Ask cwi¯‹vi Kiv
j¨vcU‡ci mdU Kx ¸‡jvi Dci cÖwZwbqZ ay‡jvevwj R‡g mswKb© wQ`ª c‡_
wfZ‡ii As‡kI wKQz ay‡jvevwj XzK‡Z cv‡i| ZvB Qq gv‡m GKevi n‡jI Kx

†ev‡W©i Dc‡ii AskwU Ly‡j eªvm w`‡q A_ev fwKqg wK¬bvi w`‡q A_ev Kg‡cÖm
Gqvi †¯úª K‡i cwi¯‹vi Kiv DwPZ| cwi¯‹vi Kivi Rb¨ wb‡Pi c`‡ÿc wb‡Z
n‡e|
1. Kx †ev‡W©i Dc‡ii As‡k gwbUi msjMœ †e‡Rj AskwU DwV‡q †dj‡Z n‡e|
†e‡R‡ji `yB cÖv‡šÍ AvUKv‡bv AskwU mwVKfv‡e †Rv‡i bv Ly‡j nvjKv K‡i Ly‡j
†dj‡Z n‡e| e¨enviKvix hw` Avbvwo n‡q _v‡Kb Zvn‡j bv KivUvB fvj|
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2. Kx †evW©wU hw` ¯Œz w`‡q AvUKv‡bv _v‡K Zvn‡j ¯ŒywU Lyj‡Z n‡e|
3. ¯ŒzwU Ly‡j Kx †evW©wU‡K Ly‡j Avb‡Z n‡e|
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4. hw` cy‡ivcywi Avjv`v Ki‡Z Pvb Zvn‡j Gi wieb AskwU nvjKv K‡i Ly‡j
†dj‡Z n‡e|
5. eªvk A_ev Uz_ eªv‡ki mvnv‡h¨ wfZ‡i R‡g _vKv gqjv cwi¯‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e|
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6. †e‡Rj AskwU cy‡ivcywi Avjv`v Kivi Rb¨ Gi Kv‡b±iwU Ly‡j †dj‡Z n‡e|

7. Gfv‡e Avcwb wfwWI KvW©, d¨vb Ges wnUwms‡Ki Dc‡ii As‡ki gqjv
cwi¯‹vi Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
8. wP‡Îi wPwýZ AskwU n‡jv cÖ‡mmi| mveavbZvi mv‡_ gv`vi‡ev‡W© †e‡Rj
Kv‡b±iwU mshy³ Ki‡Z n‡e|
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9. Gevi Kx †evW©wU‡K mwVK Ae¯’v‡b †mU Ki‡Z n‡e|
10. Kx †ev‡W©i ¯Œz ¯’vbwU‡Z ¯Œz jvMv‡Z n‡e|

11. †e‡RjwU‡K nvjKv K‡i †P‡c mwVKfv‡e jvMv‡Z n‡e| w
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j¨vcU‡c G·Uvibvj Kx †evW© eënvi Kiv
†W¯‹Uc KgwcDUv‡ii mv‡_ Avjv`v K‡i hy³ Kx-‡ev‡W©i †P‡q j¨vcU‡ci wWdë
Kx †evW©wU A‡bK nvjKv I mdU| hviv `xN©ÿY j¨vcU‡c UvB‡ci KvR K‡ib
Zv‡ì †ÿ‡Î j¨vcU‡ci Kx †evW© A‡bK †ÿ‡Î Lye GKUv Kvh©mnvqK bq| Giƒc
†ÿ‡Î j¨vcU‡ci mv‡_ G·Uvibvj Kx †evW© eënvi KivB DËg| cyivb A‡bK
j¨cU‡c wcGm-2 Kx †evW© Kv‡b±i _v‡K| G‡ÿ‡Î wcGm-2 Kx †evW© Kv‡b±‡i
ms‡hvM K‡i eënvi Kiv hvq| eZ©gv‡b me j¨vcU‡c BDGmwe Kv‡b±i _v‡K|
G‡ÿ‡Î BDGmwe Kv‡b±‡i mshy³ K‡i BDGmwe Kx †evW© eënvi Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i|

wK‡evW© msµvšÍ mgm¨v I mgvavb
mgm¨v-01 wK‡evW© KvR Ki‡Q bv|
KviY t wK‡ev‡W©i K¨vejwU h_vh_fv‡e mshy³ †bB| A‡bK mgq fyj K‡i
gvD‡mi †cv‡U© wKsev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †cv‡U© wK‡ev‡W©i K¨vej mshy&³ Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
†mwU n‡j wK‡evW© KvR Ki‡e bv|
mgvavb t
1. wK‡ev‡W©i K¨vejwU mwVK †cv‡U© jvMv‡bv wKbv hvPvB K‡i †`Lyb| fyj
†cv‡U© jvMv‡bv _vK‡j †mwU Ly‡j mwVK †cv‡U© jvwM‡q w`b| Gici
KgwcDUviwU wi÷vU© K‡i †`Lyb| Avkv Kwi †mwU KvR Ki‡e|
2. GiciI KvR bv Ki‡j a‡i wb‡Z n‡e †mwU bó| bZzb GKwU wK‡evW©
Øviv †mwU wi‡cøm Ki‡Z n‡e|
mgm¨v-02 KgwcDUvi wK‡evW© cv‡”Q bv Ges ‘Keyboard Failed’ †g‡mR
†`Lv‡”Q|
KviY t
1. gv`vi‡ev‡W©i mv‡_ wK‡evW© ms‡hvM wVK bv †_‡K A‡bK mgq wXjvXvjv
_vK‡Z cv‡i|
2. wK‡evW©wU bó _vK‡Z cv‡i|
3. wK‡evW© K‡›Uªvjv‡i mgm¨v _vK‡Z cv‡i|
mgvavb t
1. gv`vi‡ev‡W©i mv‡_ wK‡ev‡W©i ms‡hvM wVK Av‡Q wKbv Ges †mwU
wXjvXvjv Av‡Q wKbv cixÿv K‡i †`Lyb| wXjv _vK‡j †mwU wVKg‡Zv
mshy³ Kiæb|
2. Ab¨ GKwU wK‡evW© jvwM‡q cixÿv Kiæb| †mwU GLv‡b KvR Ki‡j
eyS‡Z n‡e Avcbvi wK‡evW©wU bó| Avcbvi wK‡evW©wU cwieZ©b K‡i
wbb|
3. fv‡jv wK‡evW©wU Avcbvi GLv‡b KvR bv Ki‡j eyS‡Z n‡e wK‡evW©
K‡›Uªvjv‡i mgm¨v| †m‡ÿ‡Î †fÛ‡ii KvQ †_‡K GwU wVK Kwi‡q Avbyb|
mgm¨v-03 Keyboard is locked ......... Please Unlock
KviY t †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv KgwcDUv‡i wK‡evW© jK Kivi Rb¨ evB‡ii w`‡K jK
_v‡K| G‡ÿ‡Î wK‡evW©wU jK cwRk‡b Av‡Q|
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mgvavb t wK‡evW© jK my¨BPwU AvbjK cwRk‡b Avb‡jB wK‡evW©wU AvbjK n‡q
hv‡e|
mgm¨v-04 wK‡ev‡W©i †Kv‡bv GKwU ev GKvwaK wK KLbI KLbI ev
G‡Kev‡i KvR K‡i bv|
mgvavb t wK‡ev‡W©i wb‡Pi KfviwU Ly‡j Gi Af¨šÍixY wK, mvwK©U, my¨BP Ges
wdj¥ †cøU¸‡jv cwi®‹vi Kiæb| eZ©gvb mg‡q ˆZwi AwaKvsk wK‡ev‡W©i my¨BwPs
wd‡j¥i Kve©b †cø‡U gqjvRwbZ Kvi‡Y wK‡evW© KvR K‡i bv|
cwi®‹vi Kvco w`‡q wK‡ev‡W©i Kve©b †cøU Avj‡Zv K‡i cwi®‹vi Kiæb| evU‡bi
†fZ‡ii AskI Kvco w`‡q cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e mveavb! †Kv‡bv wjKz¨BW
e¨envi Ki‡eb bv|
mgm¨v-05 KgwcDUvi Pvjy Ki‡j C: cÖ¤ú‡U hvIqvi c~‡e© wK‡evW© Gii
†g‡mR †`Lvq|
KviY t
1. wK‡evW©wU KgwcDUv‡ii mv‡_ mwVKfv‡e ms‡hvM †`qv †bB ev fyj
RvqMvq (†hgbÑ PS-2 Gi †ÿ‡Î gvD‡mi ms‡hvM¯’‡j) ms‡hvM †`qv|
2. wK‡evW©wU cy‡ivcywi ÎæwUhy³|
mgvavb t
1. wK‡ev‡W©i ms‡hvM KgwcDUv‡ii mv‡_ mwVK RvqMvq mwVKfv‡e Av‡Q
wKbv cixÿv Kiæb| cÖ‡qvR‡b Kv‡bKkb Ly‡j Gi wcb¸‡jv cixÿv
Kiæb| mvaviYZ PS2 Keboard Gi Connector Ges Connection
m‡KU †e¸bx iO‡qi Ges gvDm meyR iO‡qi n‡q _v‡K| cÖ‡qvR‡b
Kv‡bKkb m‡K‡U KbU¨v± wK¬bvi †¯cÖ e¨envi Kiæb|
2. DcwiD³ cÖwµqvq mgm¨v mgvavb bv n‡j wK‡evW©wU fv‡jv GKwU
wK‡ev‡W©i Øviv cwieZ©b K‡i †`L‡Z cv‡ib|

Aa¨vq-6
gvDm
wPKb j¤^v Zvi w`‡q KgwcDUv‡ii mv‡_ mshy³ Bu`yi m`„k ÿz`ª hšvsk‡K ejv nq
gvDm| GwU GKwU eûj eëüZ BbcyU wWfvBm| gvDm bvov‡j gwbU‡ii c`©vq
GKwU Zxi wPý bovPov Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq| gvDm bovPov K‡i B‡”QgZ ZxiwU‡K
`ª€Z ¯’vbvšÍi K‡i KgvÛ Ackb A_ev AvBK‡bi Dci wb‡q gvD‡mi evg †evZvg
†P‡c A_©vr wK¬K& K‡i KgwcDUvi‡K wewfbœ wb‡`©k cÖ`vb Kiv nq| GQvov gvD‡mi
mvnv‡h¨ c`©vq wjwLZ welq, MÖvd, Qwe BZ¨vw` wbqšYmn Av‡iv bvbv cÖKvi KvR
Kiv hvq| 1963 mv‡j WMjvm G‡ÄjevU© gvDm Avwe®‹vi K‡ib| 1984 mv‡j
†gwKb‡Uvk KgwcDUv‡i me©cÖ_g gvDm eëüZ nq| cieZx©‡Z AvBweGg
KgwcDUv‡i gvD‡mi eënvi ïiæ nq| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ gvDm GKwU XY cwRkwbs
wWfvBm hv eënviKvix‡K Kvm©i A_ev B‡gR ¯’vbvšÍi Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|
eënviKvix‡K Kx-†evW© w`‡q UvBc Kivi cwie‡Z© gvDm w¯Œ‡bi †Kvb Ackb
cQ›` Kivi my‡hvM `vb K‡i|
gvDm BÝUj Kiv
Avcbvi KgwcDU‡i gvDm BÝU‡ji cÖwµqvwU LyeB mnR| GRb¨ wb‡Pi
c`‡ÿç‡jv MÖnY Kiæb t
1. KgwcDUviwU eÜ Kiæb Ges cvIqvi KW©¸‡jv Ly‡j †djyb (AvRKvj
KgwcDUvi eÜ bv K‡iI gvDm BÝUj Kiv hvq| Z‡e †h‡Kv‡bv ai‡bi
ê`y¨wZK `yN©Ubv Gov‡Z Avcwb GB evowZ mZK©Zv wb‡Z cv‡ib)|
2. cyi‡bv ev bó †Kv‡bv gvDm jvMv‡bv _vK‡j †mwU Ly‡j †djyb| Avi
G‡Kev‡i bZzb K‡i gvDm jvMv‡j Avcbv‡K Avi D³ KvRUzKz Ki‡Z
n‡e bv|
3. gvDm wewfbœ B›Uvi‡d‡mi n‡q _v‡K| eZ©gv‡b PS/2 Ges USB
B›Uvi‡d‡mi gvDm †ewk eëüZ n‡”Q| ZvB Avcbvi gvDmwU hw`
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†Kv‡bv USB gvDm nq Z‡e KgwcDUvi †K‡mi †cQ‡b ev mvg‡bi w`‡K
_vKv †h‡Kv‡bv USB †cv‡U© ( ) gvDmwU mshy³ Kiæb|
4. Avcbvi gvDmwU hw` PS/2 B›Uvi‡d‡mi nq Z‡e †mwU‡K Avcbvi
KgwcDUvi †K‡mi †cQ‡bi w`‡K _vKv PS/2 gvDm †cv‡U© ( ) mshy³
Kiæb|
5. Gici KgwcDUviwU Pvjy Kiæb| KgwcDUvi Pvjy nevi ci gvDmwU wb‡q
bvovPvov Ki‡j †`L‡eb gvDm c‡q›UviwU Gw`K †mw`K Avmv hvIqv Ki‡Q|

gvDm eënv‡i KiYxq t
Kx-‡ev‡W©i gZ gvDmI GKwU †ewk eëüZ BbcyU wWfvBm| eZ©gvb mg‡qi GUI
(Graphical User Interface) ev wPÎwfwËK DB‡ÛvR cwi‡e‡k gvD‡mi eënvi
AZ¨vek¨Kxq| †QvU G wWfvBmwUi g~j¨ LyeB Kg| ZvB e‡j GwU‡K AhZœ Kiv
hv‡e bv|
 me mgq gvDm c¨vW eënvi Kiæb |
 mgZj RvqMvq gvDm c¨vW ivLyb|
 Lye †Rv‡i gvDm evUb Pvc‡eb bv|
 eënv‡ii ci gvDm‡K c¨vWmn †X‡K ivLyb|
 gvD‡mi K¨vejwU wX‡jXvjv K‡i ivLyb|
 gv‡S gv‡S gvDm c¨vW cwi®‹vi Kiæb |
 Kg `v‡gi AwZ Lvivc †KvqvwjwUi gvDm eënvi Ki‡eb bv|
 m¤¢e n‡j AwZwi³ Av‡iKwU gvDm †i‡L w`b| hv‡Z eëüZ gvDmwU bó
n‡j KvR Pvwj‡q †h‡Z cv‡ib|
 A‡bK mgq gvDm wVKfv‡e jvMv‡bv _vK‡j GwU KvR K‡ibv| Giƒc
n‡j †cvU© †_‡K gvDmwU Ly‡j cybivq jvMv‡j GwU KvR K‡i|
Iqvi‡jm gvDm eënvi Kiv
eZ©gv‡b Iqvi‡jm gvDm Gi g~j¨ A‡bK K‡g †M‡Q| Iqvi‡jm gvDm eënvi
Ki‡j gvD‡mi †cvU©wUi Dci Pvc Kg _vKvq GwU †ewkw`b fvj _vK‡e| ZvB
m¤¢e n‡j Iqvi‡jm gvDm eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
wPÎ t Iqvi‡jm gvDm
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gvDm msµvšÍ mgm¨v I mgvavb
mgm¨v-01 gvD‡mi evg evUb KvR Ki‡Q bv|
mgvavb t (DB‡ÛvR G·wc)
1. Control Panel †_‡K Mouse G Wvej wK¬K Kiæb|
2. Mouse Properties DB‡Û Avm‡e| GLvb †_‡K Buttons U¨vewU‡Z wK¬K Kiæb|
3. Switch primary and secondary buttons †PK e·wU †PKgvK© Kiv _vK‡j Zv
Zz‡j w`b|
4. Apply evU‡b wK¬K K‡i OK evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb| mgm¨vwUi mgvavb n‡q hv‡e|
DB‡bWvR †m‡fb t
Control Panel >Hardware and Sound> Devices and Printers >Mouse
wb‡`©k w`‡q Dc‡iv³ wbq‡g †mwUs Ki‡Z n‡e|
mgm¨v-02 Wvej wK¬‡K KvR n‡”Q bv|
mgvavb t (DB‡ÛvR G·wc)
1. Control Panel †_‡K Mouse G Wvej wK¬K Kiæb|
2. Mouse Properties DB‡Ûv Avm‡e| GLvb †_‡K Double-click speed
Gi Aaxb speed Gi ¯úvBWviwU‡K †U‡b G‡b cÖvq gvSvgvwS ¯’v‡b wb‡q
Avmyb|
3. Apply evU‡b wK¬K K‡i OK evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb| mgm¨vwUi mgvavb n‡q
hv‡e|

DB‡bWvR †m‡fb t
Control Panel >Hardware and Sound> Devices and Printers >Mouse wb‡`©k
w`‡q Dc‡iv³ wbq‡g †mwUs Ki‡Z n‡e|
mgm¨v-03 gvD‡mi c‡q›UviwU jvwd‡q jvwd‡q P‡j|
KviY t
1. gvDm c¨vW mgZ‡j emv‡bv †bB|
2. gvD‡mi †ivjv‡i gqjv R‡g‡Q|
3. †g‡gvwii cwigvY Kg n‡jI GwU n‡Z cv‡i|
4. GKvwaK dvBj GKBmv‡_ I‡cb Ki‡j GwU n‡Z cv‡i|
mgvavb t
1. gvDm c¨vWwU mgZj †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b ¯’vcb Kiæb|
2. gvB‡mi †ivjv‡j gqjv Rg‡j gvDm‡ii †cQ‡bi XvKbvwU Ly‡j ejwU
†ei K‡i †ivjvj †_‡K gqjv cwi®‹vi K‡i wbb| Zvici Avevi ejwU
h_v¯’v‡b ewm‡q w`‡q XvKbvwU jvwM‡q w`b|
3. I‡cb _vKv G gyn~‡Z© AcÖ‡qvRbxq dvBj¸‡jv eÜ K‡i w`b| Zv‡Z
†g‡gvwi‡Z h‡_ó cwigvY RvqMv duvKv cv‡e| gvDm c‡q›UviwUI Avi
jvwd‡q Pj‡e bv|
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Aa¨vq-7
AcwUK¨vj wW¯‹ WªvBf
KgwcDUv‡i wewfbœ ai‡bi AcwUK¨vj wW¯‹ eënvi Kiv nq| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q
wmwW-ig WªvBf, wWwfwW-ig WªvBf, wmwW ivBUvi, wmwW/wWwfwW ivBUvi cÖf„wZ| wmwW
ev wWwfwW †_‡K Z_¨ co‡Z wmwW/wWwfwW-ig WªvBf Ges wmwW ev wWwfwWÕi Z_¨
covi cvkvcvwk wmwW ev wWwfwW †Z Z_¨ ivBU Kivi Rb¨ wmwW/wWwfwW ivBUvi
eënvi Kiv nq| evRv‡i wewfbœ g‡W‡ji AcwUK¨vj wW¯‹ WªvBf cvIqv hvq|
wmwW-ig (CD) wW¯‹¸‡jv covi Rb¨ †h WªvBf eëüZ nq †m¸‡jv‡K ejv nq
wmwW-ig WªvBf| Avi wWwfwW-ig wW¯‹¸‡jv (DVD) covi Rb¨ †h WªvBf eëüZ
nq Zv‡K ejv nq wWwfwW-ig WªvBf| wWwfwW-ig WªvBf¸‡jv wmwW (CD) Ges
wWwfwW (DVD) Dfq ai‡bi wW¯‹B co‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e wmwW-ig WªvBf wmwW-ig
(CD) wW¯‹¸‡jv co‡Z cvi‡jI wWwfwW wW¯‹ co‡Z cv‡i bv| fvPz©qvwj AvaywbK
me¸‡jv wmwW/wWwfwW-ig WªvBfB AwWI Ges wfwWI wmwW Pvjv‡Z cv‡i| GQvov
h_vh_ mdUIq¨v‡ii gva¨‡g Ab¨vb¨ di‡g‡Ui wmwW ev wWwfwWI G¸‡jv Pvjv‡Z
cv‡i|
wmwW-ig WªvB‡fi †WUv UªvÝdvi
wmwW-ig WªvBf¸‡jv wW¯‹ †_‡K †h MwZ‡Z †WUv UªvÝdvi Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv GKwU
w¯úW d¨v±i Øviv wbY©q Kiv nq| wmwW-ig (150 KiB/s) Gi Rb¨ 1× w¯úW †iwUs
AwWI wmwWi (172.3 KiB/s) 1× w¯ú‡Wi PvB‡Z wfbœ n‡q _v‡K| Avi wWwfwWÕi
(1.32 MiB/s) Rb¨ 1× w¯ú‡Wi mv‡_I Gi cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q|

wmwW mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv
1. KgwcDUviwU Pvjy Ae¯’vq Av‡Q wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
2. WªvBf c¨v‡b‡ji B‡R± evU‡b Pvc w`‡Z n‡e| wmwW †UªwU mvgvb¨ †ei n‡e|
nvZ w`‡q a‡i Avj‡Zv K‡i †U‡b evwK AskwU †ei Ki‡Z n‡e
wPÎ t j¨vcU‡ci wmwW WªvBf
3. wmwW ev wWwfwWwU †Uª‡Z ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| ( †j‡ej AskwU Dc‡ii w`‡K
_vK‡e|) wmwW/wWwfwW Gi †K‡›`ª nvjKv K‡i Pvc w`‡q mwVKfv‡e ¯’vcb
Ki‡Z n‡e|
4. ‡UªwU‡Z nvjKv K‡i †fZ‡ii w`‡K Pvc w`‡j GwU wfZ‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡e|
wmwW †ei Kiv
1. WªvBf c¨v‡b‡ji B‡R± evU‡b Pvc w`‡Z n‡e| wmwW †UªwU mvgvb¨ †ei n‡e|
nvZ w`‡q a‡i Avj‡Zv K‡i †U‡b evwK AskwU †ei Ki‡Z n‡e|
2. wmwWi cÖvšÍ mxgvq Pvc w`‡q a‡i wmwWwU †Uª †_‡K †Zv‡j Avb‡Z n‡e|
3. †UªwU‡Z nvjKv K‡i †fZ‡ii w`‡K Pvc w`‡j GwU wfZ‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡e|
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wmwW WªvB‡fi †jÝ wK¬b Kiv
wmwW-Gi Muv‡q †j‡M _vKv ayjv gqjv wmwW WªvB‡f †j‡M mgm¨v Ki‡Z cv‡i| †ewk
ay‡jv-evwji Kvi‡Y †WUv wiW Ki‡Z mgm¨v nq| wmwW ig WªvB‡fi Z_¨ wiW Kivi
Rb¨ jvBU e¨envi K‡i| hw` wmwW Ab¨vb¨ WªvB‡f P‡j A_P AvcbviwU‡Z wiW bv
K‡i Zvn‡j wmwW i‡gi wiW †jÝ (†hUv †_‡K jvBU †ewi‡q Av‡m) cwi®‹v‡ii
e¨e¯’v †bqv DwPZ| evRv‡i 200-250 UvKvq cvIqv hvq CD Laser lens
cleaner|

†jÝ wK¬qviwU we‡klfv‡e wbwg©Z GK ai‡bi wmwW hvi Dc‡i GK ai‡bi †QvU
†QvU †iuvqvi eªvk jvMv‡bv _v‡K| we‡kl ai‡bi wfwWI wW¯‹wU WªvB‡f XzwK‡q †cø
Kiv‡j †mwU Ny‡i Ny‡i WªvB‡fi wiW †jÝUv‡K cwi®‹vi K‡i †`q| wb‡P mwPÎ eY©bv
†`qv nj t
 wmwWi wK¬wbs K¬‡_ (eªv‡k) GK †duvUv d¬yBW w`b|
 wK¬bviwU ivb Kivi Rb¨ Play Ki€b| eënv‡ii ci wK¬bviwUi †K‡mi
wfZ‡i f‡i ivLyb|
G·Uvibvj AcwUK¨vj (wmwW/wWwfwW) WªvBf
j¨vcU‡ci mv‡_ hy³ B›Uvibvj AcwUK¨vj WªvBf _v‡K| GwU †Kvb Kvi‡Y b÷
n‡q †M‡j ìKvwi wmwW/wWwfwW †`Lv hvq bv| G‡ÿ‡Î evRvi †_‡K wigyfvj
G·Uvibvj AcwUK¨vj WªvBf j¨vcU‡ci BDGmwe †cv‡U© jvMv‡q eënvi Kiv
hvq| G·Uvibvj AcwUK¨vj WªvBf Ab¨ †h †Kvb j¨vcUc A_ev †W¯‹U‡c eënvi
Kiv hvq| eZ©gv‡b A‡bK †bvUeyK mvB‡R G‡Zv †QvU †h G‡Z wmwW/wWwfwW WªvBf
_v‡K bv| G‡ÿ‡Î G·Uvibvj AcwUK¨vj (wmwW/wWwfwW)WªvBf Gi gva¨‡g
wmwW/wWwfwW eënvi Kiv hvq|
wPÎ t G·Uvibvj wWwfwW WªvBf
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wPÎ t G·Uvibvj wWwfwW WªvBf
wmwW/wWwfwW WªvBf cwi¯‹vi Kiv
1. j¨vcU‡ci wmwW/wWwfwW WªvB‡fi B‡R± evU‡b Pvc w`‡q wmwW/wWwfwW
WªvB‡fi †Uª wU †ei Ki‡Z n‡e|
2. ‡Uª Gi wfZi †Kvb wmwW/wWwfwW _vK‡j Zv †ei Ki‡Z n‡e|
3. Kg‡cÖmW Gqvi w`‡q †¯úª Ki‡Z n‡e|

4. Mvpfv‡e †j‡M _vKv gqjv‡K KUb evi, mywZ cwi¯‹vi Kvco w`‡q
cwi¯‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e|
5. WªvB‡fi gv‡Si †jRvi †jÝwU‡Z Lvwj nv‡Z aiv hv‡e bv|
6. evRvi †_‡K †jÝ wK¬bvi wmwW w`‡q †jÝ cwi¯‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e|
wmwW/wWwfwW Gi iÿYv‡eÿY
hw`I wmwWi ¯’vwqZ¡ A‡bK Zey AhZœ Avi Ae‡njvi Kvi‡b wmwWI `ª€Z bó n‡q
†h‡Z cv‡i| ZvB wmwW e¨env‡iI mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e
 wmwW XzKv‡bv wKsev †ei Kivi mgq Lye †Rv‡i AvNvZ Ki‡eb bv| wmwWi
mvi‡dm Ask ( †h cv‡k Z_¨ _v‡K - †j‡e‡ji wecixZ c„ô ) nvZ w`‡q
¯úk© Ki‡eb bv|
 wmwW bvov-Pvovi mgq mveavb n‡Z n‡e| KviY wmwW Aí AvNv‡Z
AvµvšÍ nq| wmwW‡Z †Kvb cÖKvi AvPo ev gqjv hv‡Z bv jv‡M †mw`‡K
jÿ¨ ivL‡Z n‡e|
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 wmwWi Dci hv‡Z ay‡jvevwj bv c‡o †m eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
 wmwWi †j‡e‡j wKQy wjL‡Z n‡j gvK©vi w`‡q Avj‡Zv K‡i wjLyb|
 wmwW me mgq bigvj †U¤úv‡iPv‡i ivL‡Z n‡e| †ewk ZvcgvÎvi (48
wWMÖx †mjwmqv‡mi D‡aŸ©) wmwW bó n‡q hvq|
 eënv‡ii ci wmwW me mgq wmwW R¨v‡K‡U f‡i ivLyb| R¨v‡KUwU
cvZjv Kvco w`‡q gv‡S gv‡S cwi®‹vi Kiæb|
 wmwW‡Z KL‡bv cvwb jvMv‡eb bv| me mgq ï®‹ cwi‡e‡k ivLyb|
 wmwW KL‡bv evKuv‡eb bv|
 WªvB‡f wmwW mwVKfv‡e eënvi Kiæb| D‡ëvfv‡e eënvi Ki‡eb bv|
 cvZjv cwi®‹vi mywZ Kvco w`‡q Avj‡Zvfv‡e wmwWi Dci †j‡M _vKv
ayjvevwj cwi®‹vi Kiæb|
 eZ©gvb evRv‡i CD Clean Kit eënvi K‡i wmwW cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
 bó AvPuo LvIqv wmwW WªvB‡f XzKv‡eb bv|
 hw` wmwW/wWwfwW Pvjy bv Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq Zvn‡j wmwW/wWwfwW WªvB‡fi
wfZi †_‡K wmwW/wWwfwW mwi‡q ivLv DwPZ| wmwW/wWwfwW WªvBf duvKv
†i‡L wKQzUv n‡jI e¨vUvwi LiP Kwg‡q Gi cvidi‡gÝ evov‡bv hvq|

wmwW-Gi wewfbœ mgm¨v I mgvavb
mgm¨v t WªvBf ZvwjKvq wmwW WªvBf bvB|
KviY t gv`vi‡evW© ev cvIqvi mvcøvB‡qi mv‡_ wmwW WªvB‡fi Kv‡bKkb †bB
A_ev wmwW WªvBfvi Bb÷j Kiv †bB| Kv‡bKkb wVK K‡i w`‡j A_ev WªvBfvi
Bb÷j K‡i wi-÷vU© Ki‡j wmwW WªvBf cv‡e|
mgm¨v t mvDÛ e‡· mvDÛ Av‡m bv|
mgvavb t mvDÛ Kv‡W©i R¨v‡K K¨vej Kv‡bKkbwU wVKfv‡e bv _vKvi Kvi‡Y
A_ev mvDÛ Kv‡W©i WªvBfviwU mwVKfv‡e Bb÷j Kiv bv _vK‡j Giƒc n‡Z
cv‡i| A_ev mvDÛ e‡·i fwjDg k~b¨ _vK‡jI Giƒc n‡Z cv‡i| KviY wPwýZ
K‡i mgvavb Kiæb|
mgm¨v t gywf wK¬cm LyeB axi|
mgvavb t hw` wmwW WªvBf Ges cÖ‡mmi fvj MwZi nIqv m‡Ë¡I gywf ax‡i Pj‡j
K‡›Uªvj c¨v‡b‡ji System G Wvej wK¬K& K‡i Performance U¨v‡e wK¬K& K‡i
File System G wK¬K& K‡i CD-ROM U¨v‡e wK¬K& K‡i Optimize access
pettern for: Wªc-WvDb wjó †_‡K Avcbvi WªvB‡fi w¯úW wba©viY Kiæb|
mgm¨v t DB‡Ûv‡R wmwW/wWwfwW-ig WªvBf cv‡”Q bv|
KviY t
1. DB‡Ûv‡R wmwW/wWwfwW-ig WªvB‡fi WªvBfvi BÝUj Kiv †bB|
2. wmwW/wWwfwW-ig WªvB‡fi cvIqvi Kv‡b±i ev †WBwR †PBb wVKfv‡e
mshy³ Kiv nqwb|
3. Rv¤úvi †mwUs wVK †bB|
4. wmwW/wWwfwW-ig WªvBfwU bó _vK‡Z cv‡i|
mgvavb t
1. DB‡Ûv‡R wmwW-ig WªvBf cvIqv bv †M‡j Add New Hardware Gi
gva¨‡g WªvBfwU wW‡U± K‡i wbb| Gevi wmwW-ig WªvB‡fi mv‡_ cÖvß
WªvBfvi wW¯‹ †_‡K mwVK WªvBfviwU BÝUj K‡i wbb|
2. wmwW-ig WªvBfwUi cvIqvi Kv‡b±i Ges K¨vej cixÿv Kiæb| GKvwaK
WªvBf GKB IDE K¨vej G _vK‡j GKwU‡K Master Ges Ab¨wU‡K
Slave wn‡m‡e KbwdMvi K‡i wbb| FDE K¨vejwU wcb bv¤^vi Abyhvqx
jvwM‡q wbb| cÖ‡qvR‡b bZzb K¨vej jvwM‡q cixÿv Kiæb|
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3. Rv¤úvi †mwUs wVK bv _vK‡j †mwU wVK K‡i jvMv‡Z n‡e|
4. wmwW/wWwfwW-ig WªvBfwU bó n‡q _vK‡j †mwU e`‡j bZzb GKwU WªvBf
jvMv‡Z n‡e|
5. Dc‡iv³ Dcv‡q mgm¨vwU mgvavb bv n‡j GKwU bZzb WªvBf jvwM‡q
cixÿv Kiæb| bZzb WªvBfwU DB‡Ûv‡R cvIqv †M‡j a‡i wb‡Z n‡e
cy‡iv‡bv WªvBfwU bó|
mgm¨v t wmwW-ig †_‡K Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g eyU n‡”Q bv|
KviY t
1. Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi wmwWwU eyUvej bq|
2. BIOS Setup G æ1st Boot Device” wn‡m‡e Ab¨ †Kv‡bv WªvBf‡K
A¨vmvBb Kiv Av‡Q|
3. eyUvej wmwWwU A_ev wmwW-ig WªvBfwU bó|
mgvavb t
1. Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷ghy³ wmwWwU eyUvej wKbv †R‡b wbb| G‡ÿ‡Î wmwW-ig
†_‡K eyU Kivi Rb¨ eyUvej wmwW-ig e¨envi Kiæb|
2. BIOS Setup-Gi Boot Device Priority cixÿv Kiæb| GLv‡b 1st
Boot
Device wn‡m‡e CD ROM Drive wba©viY K‡i w`b ev CD ROM Drive
†K mevi Dc‡i wb‡q Avmyb|
3. eyUvej wmwW-igwU Ab¨ †Kv‡bv KgwcDUv‡i cixÿv Kiæb| wVK _vK‡j
Avcbvi KgwcDUv‡ii wmwW-ig WªvBfwU cwieZ©b Kiæb| Ab¨_vq wmwW-
igwU cwieZ©b Kiæb|
mgm¨v t DB‡Ûv‡R wmwW-ig WªvBfwU †`Lv hvq wKš‘ A¨vK‡mm Kiv hvq bv|
KviY t
1. wmwW-ig WªvB‡f jvMv‡bv K¨vejwU ÎæwUhy³|
2. wmwW-ig WªvB‡fi †jmvi †nW ÎæwUhy³|
mgvavb t
1. wmwW-ig WªvB‡fi K¨vejÎæwU cixÿv Kiæb, cÖ‡qvR‡b bZzb K¨vej
jvwM‡q wbb|
2. wmwW-ig WªvB‡fi †jmvi †nWwU bó ev gqjv c‡o‡Q| †jmvi †nW
cwi®‹vi Kivi Rb¨ wmwW †jÝ wK¬bvi wW¯‹ e¨envi Kiæb| Gfv‡e
mgm¨vwUi mgvavb bv n‡j WªvBfwU cwieZ©b K‡i wbb|

mgm¨v t wmwW-ig WªvB‡f †Kv‡bv wmwW co‡Z cv‡i Avevi †Kv‡bvwU co‡Z
cv‡i bv|
KviY t
1. wmwW-ig WªvB‡fi wewfbœ w¯úW Gi Kvi‡Y GgbwU n‡Z cv‡i| mvaviYZ
nvBw¯úW G ivBU Kiv †Kv‡bv wmwW †jv w¯úW wmwW-ig WªvBf co‡Z
cv‡i bv|
2. wmwW-ig WªvB‡fi †jmvi †nW †j‡Ý gqjvRwbZ Kvi‡Y KLbI KLbI
cy‡iv‡bv wmwW-ig co‡Z cv‡i bv|
3. †h wmwWwU co‡Z cvi‡Q bv †mwU‡Z cÖPzi ¯Œ¨vP i‡q‡Q|
mgvavb t
1. cÖ_g †ÿ‡Î wmwW-ig WªvBf e`jv‡bv Qvov †Kv‡bv Dcvq †bB|
2. wmwW-ig WªvB‡fi †j‡Ý gqjv Rg‡j †jÝ wK¬bvi wW‡¯‹i gva¨‡g gqjv
cwi®‹vi Kivi Rb¨ g¨vbyqvj c×wZB m‡e©vËg| wb‡P g¨vbyqvj c×wZwU‡Z
wmwW-ig WªvB‡fi †jÝ wK¬b Kivi c×wZ eY©bv Kiv n‡jv|
3. Z…Zxq †ÿ‡Î G RvZxq mgm¨vq wmwW-ig e`jv‡bv Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv
Dcvq †bB|
mgm¨v t CD-ROM WªvBf †cÖvMÖvg wmwW/mdUIq¨vi wmwW, wfwWI wmwW
BZ¨vw` co‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ AwWI wmwW‡Z †Kvb mvDÛ Av‡m bv|
KviY t
1. AwWI K¨vejwU mwVKfv‡e CD-ROM WªvBf I mvDÛ Kv‡W© jvM‡bv
†bB|
2. mvDÛ KvW©wU wVKg‡Zv BÝUj Kiv nqwb|
mgvavb t wmwW-ig WªvB‡fi mv‡_ ev mvDÛ Kv‡W©i mv‡_ cÖvß AwWI K¨vejwU
mwVKfv‡e wmwW-ig Ges mvDÛ Kv‡W© jvwM‡q wbb| GRb¨ Kv‡W©i mv‡_ cÖvß
WªvBfviwU e¨envi Kiæb|
mgm¨v t AwWI A_ev wfwWI wmwW Pjvi mgq w¯‹c K‡i Ges wfwWI wmwW‡Z
Qwe fvOv fvOv †`Lvq ev AvU‡K hvq|
KviY t
1. mswkøó wmwWwU‡Z gqjv ev Seratch i‡q‡Q|
2. wmwW-ig WªvB‡fi †jmvi †n‡W gqjv R‡g‡Q|
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mgvavb t
1. mvaviYZ wmwW‡Z gqjv ev ¯Œ¨vP _vK‡j Giƒc mgm¨v nq| GQvovI †h
†cÖvMÖvg ev mdUIq¨v‡ii gva¨‡g AwWI/wfwWI wmwW Pvjv‡bv n‡”Q
†mwU‡Z mgm¨v _vK‡jI GgwU n‡Z cv‡i| cÖ‡qvR‡b `ywUB cixÿv K‡i
†`Lyb|
2. wmwW-ig WªvB‡fi †jmvi †nW cwi®‹vi Kiæb| GRb¨ CD-ROM Lense
Cleaner Disk e¨envi Kiæb|
mgm¨v t wmwW ivb Ki‡Z hZUzKz mg‡qi cÖ‡qvRb Zvi PvB‡Z †ewk mgq
jv‡M|
mgvavb t wmwW-ig WªvB‡fi †n‡W gqjv Rg‡Z cv‡i| †mB Kvi‡Y GB mgm¨vwU
†`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î †nW wK¬bvi Øviv †nWwU cwi®‹vi K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
mgm¨v t wmwW-ig WªvB‡f wmwW XyKv‡j wcwm n¨vs K‡i|
KviY t
1. wmwW-ig bó ev cÖPzi ¯Œ¨vP i‡q‡Q|
2. wmwW-ig WªvBfwUi †jmvi †n‡W gqjv R‡g‡Q|
mgvavb t
1. mvaviYZ wfwWI wmwW Pvjv‡bvi mgq G ai‡bi mgm¨v †ewk †`Lv hvq|
wmwW‡Z cÖPzi ¯Œ¨vP _vK‡j A_ev wmwW-ig Gi O Sector Lvivc _vK‡j
G ai‡bi mgm¨v †`Lv †`q| G mgm¨vq mswkøó wmwWwU cwieZ©b Kiv
Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Dcvq †bB|
2. wmwW †jmvi †nW wK¬bvi wW‡¯‹i gva¨‡g wmwW-i‡gi Laser Head/Lens
cwi®‹vi Kiæb| GRb¨ g¨vbyqvj c×wZI e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
mgm¨v t wmwW-ig WªvB‡f wmwW XyKv‡j †ei K‡i †`q ev †Kv‡bv mvov †`q
bv|
KviY t mvaviYZ wmwW-ig WªvBfwU †Kv‡bv wmwW‡K GK`g co‡Z bv cvi‡j ev
wmwWwU mbv³ Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j GiKg AvPiY K‡i| †h me Kvi‡Y G RvZxq
mgm¨v nq Zv n‡jv
1. wmwWwU‡Z cÖPzi gqjv ev ¯Œ¨vP i‡q‡Q|
2. wmwW-ig WªvB‡fi †jmvi †n‡W gqjv i‡q‡Q ev GwU bó|

mgvavb t
1. cÖ_‡gv³ KviYwU‡Z wmwW-igwU cwieZ©b Kiv Qvov †Kv‡bv Dcvq †bB|
2. wmwW-ig WªvB‡fi †jmvi †nW/†jÝ Gi gqjv cwi®‹vi K‡i †`L‡Z
cv‡ib| Ab¨_vq WªvBfwUB cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e|
mgm¨v t wmwW-ig WªvB‡f wmwW XyKv‡bv i‡q‡Q wKš‘ WªvBfwU Lyj‡Q bv|
KviY t KLbI KLbI wmwW-ig WªvB‡fi †gKvwbR‡g ÎæwU _vK‡j G ai‡bi mgm¨v
†`Lv †`q|
mgvavb t G ai‡bi mgm¨vq WªvB‡fi wmwWwU WªvBf †_‡K †ei K‡i †dj‡jB
mgm¨vwU mgvavb n‡q hvq| WªvBf †_‡K wmwW †ei Kivi Rb¨ KgwcDUviwU eÜ
Kiæb| jÿ¨ Kiæb CD-Loading †Uª Gi wb‡P GKwU †QvU wQ`ª i‡q‡Q|
Bgvi‡RwÝ‡Z GB wQ`ªwU e¨envi K‡i wmwW †Lvjvi Rb¨ GB e¨e¯’v| GRb¨ GKwU
j¤^v k³ wcb (mvaviYZ †Rgm wK¬c n‡j fv‡jv nq) wb‡q wQ`ª eivei XywK‡q
mvgvb¨ GKUz av°v w`‡jB wmwW Loading tray wU mvgvb¨ GKUz †ei n‡e| Gevi
tray wU a‡i †U‡b †ei Kiæb| Gevi KgwcDUvi Ab Ki‡jB wmwW †Uª-wU Avcbv
Avcwb Xy‡K hv‡e| cÖ‡qvR‡b GKevi av°v w`‡q XywK‡q w`b|
mgm¨v t wmwW-i‡gi mvnv‡h¨ AwWI wmwW †kvbv hvq bv|
KviY t
1. wmwW-ig Gi †cQ‡bi w`K †_‡K GKwU AwWI K¨vej Øviv wmwW-ig I
mvDÛ Kv‡W©i mv‡_ ms‡hvM †`qv nq| GwU‡Z mgm¨v Av‡Q|
2. A‡bK mgq wmwW-ig Gi fwjDg K‡›Uªvj Ad Kiv, wgDU Kiv ev
Kgv‡bv _vK‡Z cv‡i| †mRb¨ GB ai‡bi mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i|
mgvavb t
1. AwWI K¨vejwU jvMv‡bv Av‡Q wKbv cixÿv K‡i †`Lyb| mgm¨v †c‡j Zv
wVK K‡i wbb|
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2. wmwW-ig Gi fwjDg K‡›Uªvj cixÿv K‡i †`Lyb| mgm¨v _vK‡j †m¸‡jv
wVK K‡i wbb|
mgm¨v t wmwW-ig WªvB‡fi Eject evU‡b Pvc‡j wmwW †Uª †ei nq bv|
BwÛ‡KUiwU R¡jv-†bfv Ki‡Z _v‡K|
KviY t
1. wmwW-ig WªvB‡f cvIqvi Kv‡b±i jvMv‡bv nqwb ev mgm¨v i‡q‡Q|
2. Eject evUbwU bó|
mgvavb t
1. wmwW-ig WªvB‡fi Gi cvIqvi K¨vejwU cixÿv Kiæb| GwU wXjv _vK‡Z
cv‡i| cÖ‡qvR‡b KbU¨v± wK¬bvi eënvi Kiæb|
2. Eject evUbwU bó _vK‡j fv‡jv GKwU Eject evUb jvwM‡q wbb| G‡ÿ‡Î
WªvB‡fi †hme evUb †hgbÑ fwjDg K‡›UªvjwU mPivPi eënvi nq Ggb
GKwU Øviv cwieZ©b K‡i wb‡Z cv‡ib| G‡ÿ‡Î KbU¨v± wK¬bvi eënvi
K‡iI †`L‡Z cv‡ib|
mgm¨v t wmwW-WªvB‡f cvIqvi Av‡m bv|
KviY t
1. wmwW-ig WªvB‡fi mvwK©‡U mgm¨v Av‡Q|
2. cvIqvi mvcøvB †_‡K cvIqvi wVKg‡Zv cv‡”Q bv|
mgvavb t
1. wmwW-ig WªvB‡fi mvwK©UwU WªvBf †_‡K Ly‡j fv‡jv K‡i †PK Ki‡Z
n‡e| hw` wi‡cø‡mej †Kv‡bv hš¿vsk bó n‡q wM‡q _v‡K Z‡e Zv
cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e|
2. cvIqvi mvcøvB‡qi †h Kv‡b±iwU †_‡K wmwW-ig WªvB‡f cvIqvi †Ìqv
n‡q‡Q †mwU †PK Ki‡Z n‡e|
mgm¨v t ev‡qvm wmwW-ig cvq bv|
KviY t
1. wmwW-ig Gi cvIqvi K¨ve‡j mgm¨v _vK‡Z cv‡i|
2. wmwW-i‡gi †WBwR †PBb ev †WUv K¨vej wVKg‡Zv wmwW-ig I
gv`vi‡ev‡W©i ¯ø‡U jvMv‡bv †bB|
3. wmwW-i‡gi Rv¤úvi †mwUs‡q mgm¨v _vK‡Z cv‡i|

mgvavb t
1. wmwW-ig Gi cvIqvi K¨vejwUi ms‡hvM cixÿv Kiæb| ÎæwU †c‡j Zv
ms‡kvab Kiæb|
2. wmwW-i‡gi †WUv K¨vej wVKg‡Zv wmwW-ig I gv`vi‡ev‡W©i ¯ø‡U jvMv‡bv
Av‡Q wKbv Zv cixÿv Kiæb| mgm¨v †c‡j †m¸‡jv wVKg‡Zv jvwM‡q
wbb|
3. wmwW-i‡gi Rv¤úvi †mwUs cixÿv Kiæb| GKB K¨ve‡j `ywU gv÷vi
wWfvBm jvMv‡bv hvq bv| Rv¤úvi †mwUs wVK K‡i wbb|
mgm¨v t wmwW-WªvBf G cvIqvi Av‡m, †Uª †ei nq wKš‘ wmwW c‡obv|
KviY t
1. wmwW-ig WªvB‡fi †gvUi, †hwU wmwW-ig‡K Nyivq †mwU wVKg‡Zv KvR
K‡i bv|
2. wmwW-i‡gi †jRvi †gKvwbRg KvR K‡i bv|
mgvavb t
1. wmwW-ig WªvB‡fi mvwK©UwU Livc _vK‡Z cv‡i d‡j †gvUi Nyi‡e bv|
ZvB wmwW-ig WªvBf Ly‡j fv‡jv K‡i †PK Ki‡Z n‡e †gvUiwU Ny‡i
wKbv| hw` †gvUi bv Ny‡i Z‡e mvwK©UwU wi‡cqvi A_ev cwieZ©b Ki‡Z
n‡e|
2. wmwW-i‡gi †jRvi †gKvwbRgwU wVK Av‡Q wKbv †PK Ki‡Z n‡e| hw`
†jRvi †gKvwbRgwU wVK _v‡K Z‡e †jÝ †_‡K jvj is‡qi Av‡jv wbM©Z
n‡e|
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Aa¨vq-8
wcÖ›Uvi
Z_¨ gy`ª‡Yi Rb¨ `iKvi wcÖ›Uvi| wcÖ›Uvi wewfbœ ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb t
†jRvi wcÖ›Uvi, evej‡RU wcÖ›Uvi, WU †gwUª· wcÖ›Uvi BZ¨vw`| wcÖ›Uv‡ii wWwcAvB
(dpi=dot per inch) hZ †ewk n‡e wcÖ‡›Ui gvb ZZ fvj n‡e| wcwm n‡Z †h
nv‡i wcÖ›Uv‡i Z_¨ cvVv‡bv nq †m nv‡i wcÖ›Uvi wcÖ›U Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB wmwcBD
n‡Z AvMZ Z_¨ msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ wcÖ›Uv‡i wKQy evdvi †g‡gvwi _v‡K| †g‡gvwi †ewk
n‡j wcÖ‡›Ui MwZ `ªæZ nq| KgwcDUv‡ii gZ wcÖ›UviI mZK©Zvi mv‡_ e¨envi
Ki‡Z nq|
wPÎ t GKwU Bb&K‡RU wcÖ›Uvi
wPÎ t GKwU †jmvi wcÖ›Uvi

 wcÖ›Uv‡ii me Kv‡bKkb K¨vej¸‡jv wVKfv‡e jvMv‡Z n‡e|
 †h wcÖ›Uv‡i wcÖ›U Ki‡eb †m wcÖ›Uvi WªvBfvi KgwcDUv‡ii Bb÷j K‡i
wcÖ›Uv‡ii bvg wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e|
 †Uvbvi ev KvwU©R wVKfv‡e jvMv‡Z n‡e| gv‡S †Uvbvi SvwK‡q wb‡Z
n‡e| G e¨vcv‡i †Uvbv‡ii mv‡_ †`qv wb‡`©wkKv †`‡L KvR Ki‡Z n‡e|
 wcÖ›Uv‡ii mv‡_ g¨vbyqvj †`qv _v‡K| g¨vbyqvjwU fvjfv‡e msiÿY
Kiæb| g¨vbyqv‡j wcÖw›Us Gi wewfbœ mgm¨v Ges mgvavb D‡jøL _v‡K|
Gme mgvavb †`‡L Avcwb A‡bK mvnvh¨ †c‡Z cv‡ib|
 hw` wcÖ›Uv‡ii mv‡_ †fv‡ëR ÷¨vwejvBRvi eënvi Ki‡Z Pvb Z‡e
eënv‡ii c~‡e© †`‡L wbb †fv‡ëR ÷¨vwejvBRviwU m‡e©v”P KZ
Gw¤úqv‡ii †jvW wb‡Z cv‡i| GQvovI ÷¨vwejvBRv‡i BbcyU I
AvDUcyU wdDR †iwUs wVK Av‡Q wKbv ZvI †`‡L wbb|
 wcÖ›Uvi Ab Kivi c~‡e© †fv‡ëR ÷¨vwejvBRviwU Ab Kiæb Ges
÷¨vwejvBRviwU bigvj †gv‡W Avmvi ci wcÖ›UviwU Ab Kiæb| Ad
Kivi †ejvq wcÖ›UviwU Av‡M Ad Kiæb|
 KgwcDUvi Ges wcÖ›Uv‡ii mv‡_ †h B›Uvi‡dm K¨vej _v‡K Zv KL‡bv
wcÖ›UviwU Ab Ae¯’vq Ly‡j †djv ev cybt¯’vcb Kiv wVK bq KviY G‡Z
wcÖ›Uv‡ii ÿwZ n‡Z cv‡i| cvIqvi KW© I B›Uvi‡dm K¨vej wVKfv‡e
ms‡hvM †`qvi ci wcÖ›UviwU Ab Kiæb|
 cvIqvi KW© I cøvM¸‡jv fvjfv‡e ms‡hvM Av‡Q wKbv †`‡L wbb|
G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †Kvb iK‡gi wXjv ms‡hvM _vK‡j wKsev m¤úK© m„wó n‡j
Avcbvi g~jëvb hš¿cvwZ bó n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i ev eo iK‡gi `yN©Ubv
NU‡Z cv‡i| ZvB wKQyw`b ci ci G¸‡jv cixÿv K‡i †`Lv cÖ‡qvRb|
 †Uvbvi ev wieb KvwU©R cwieZ©b Kivi c~‡e© wcÖ›UviewU eÜ K‡i wbb|
†Uvbvi Gwiqv‡Z Kvwj, gqjv ev ayjvevwj Av‡Q wKbv †`‡L wbb| hw`
†_‡K _v‡K Zvn‡j big Kvco ev Zz‡jv w`‡q Av‡¯Í K‡i cwi®‹vi K‡i
wcª›Uvi m¤ú~Y© VvÐv nIqvi ci bZzb †Uvbvi/wieb KvwU©R jvMvb|
 wcÖ›Uvi hZUv m¤¢e ayjvevwj gy³ ivL‡Z †Póv Kiæb| ayjvevwj wc›Uv‡ii
Rb¨ LyeB ÿwZKviK| ZvB eënv‡ii wKQyÿY ci wcÖ›Uv‡ii Dci Wv÷
Kfvi ev Kvco w`‡q †X‡K ivLyb|
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 wcÖ›UviwU cwi®‹vi †Lvjv‡gjv RvqMvq ivLyb| Ave× wNwÄ cwi‡e‡k
ivL‡eb bv| wcÖ›Uv‡i hv‡Z wccov, †Zjv‡cvKv, Bu`yi Ab¨vb¨ †cvKv-
guvKo bv XzK‡Z cv‡i †mw`‡K mZK© `„wó ivLyb
 A‡bK w`b Ae¨eüZ _vKvi ci wcª›Uvi e¨envi Kivi c~‡e© Gi wfZ‡i
†Kvb †cvKv-gvKo Xzu‡K Av‡Q wKbv Zv †`‡L wbb|
wcÖ›Uv‡ii wewfbœ mgm¨v Ges mgvavb
wcÖ›U Kivi mgq A‡bK iKg mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡Z cv‡ib| †ewkifvM †ÿ‡Î
md&UIq¨vi RwbZ mgm¨vi Kvi‡YB wewfbœ iKg mgm¨v †`Lv †`q| wb‡P wKQy
mvaviY mgm¨v I mgvavb D‡jøL Kiv nj|
mgm¨v-01 wcÖ›Uv‡i cvIqvi Av‡m bv ev Power LED R¡j‡Q bv|
KviY t
1. cvIqvi K¨vej ev A¨vWvÞvi Lvivc|
2. cvIqvi wdDR cy‡o †M‡Q|
3. ON/OFF my¨BP Lvivc|
4. cvIqvi mvcøvB BDwbUwU bó|
mgvavb t
1. cvIqvi K¨vejwU cixÿv Kiæb| wVK g‡Zv mvcøvB n‡”Q wKbv cixÿv
Kiæb| A¨vWvÞv‡ii †ejvq Gi Af¨šÍixY wdDR cixÿv Kiæb| AVO
Meter jvwM‡q Lye mn‡RB cvIqvi mvcøvB BDwbU/A¨vWvÞvi cixÿv Kiv
hvq| GRb¨ AVO Meter ohm G ivLv Ae¯’vq/Continuty Check
option G ivLv Ae¯’vq cvIqvi K¨ve‡ji `ywU cÖv‡šÍ aiæb, wVK _vK‡j
wiwWs †`Lv‡e| wiwWs bv †`Lv‡j eyS‡Z n‡e Gi wdDR ev cvIqvi
BDwbUwU Lvivc|
2. wdDR cy‡o †M‡j mggv‡bi bZzb GKwU wdDR jvwM‡q wbb|
3. ON/OFF myBPwU cixÿv Kiæb| cÖ‡qvR‡b bZzb GKwU myBP jvwM‡q wbb|
4. cvIqvi mvcøvB BDwbUwUi Ab¨vb¨ cvU©m cixÿv Kiæb| mgm¨v wPwýZ
Kiv †M‡j mgm¨vhy³ cvU©mwU cwieZ©b K‡i wbb|
mgm¨v-02 wcÖ›Uv‡i †Kv‡bv wKQy wcÖ›U nq bv|
 WKz‡g›U wVKfv‡e wcÖ›U nq bv ev †f‡O †f‡O wcÖ›U nq|
 A¯^fvweKfv‡e wcÖ›Uv‡ii MwZ n«vm cvq|
KviY t
1. cvIqvi K¨ve‡j mgm¨v|
2. †WUv K¨ve‡j mgm¨v|
3. wcÖ›Uvi WªvBfvi mwVKfv‡e BÝUj nqwb ev mwVK WªvBfviwU †bB|

mgvavb t
1. cvIqvi K¨vej A_ev cvIqvi GWvÞvi cixÿv Kiæb| mgm¨v _vK‡j
cwieZ©b Kiæb|
2. †WUv K¨vejwU Lvivc ev mwVKfv‡e ms‡hvM †`qv n‡q‡Q wKbv cixÿv
Kiæb|
3. D‡jøwLZ wRwbm¸‡jv wVK _vK‡j wcÖ›Uv‡ii Avmj WªvBfviwU BÝUj K‡i
wbb| G‡ÿ‡Î wcÖ›Uv‡ii mv‡_ cÖ`Ë WªvBfviwU mwVK c×wZ‡Z BÝUj
K‡i wbb|
mgm¨v-03 wcÖ›Uv‡i cvIqvi Av‡m wKš‘ wcÖ›U nq bv|
KviY t
1. wcÖ›Uv‡ii †WUv K¨vejwU Lvivc _vK‡Z cv‡i|
2. wcÖ›Uvi †cvU© (Parallel Port) wU Lvivc _vK‡Z cv‡i|
3. wcÖ›UviwU ÎæwUhy³ _vK‡Z cv‡i|
mgvavb t
1. wcÖ›Uv‡ii †WUv K¨vejwU wcÖ›Uvi Ges KgwcDUv‡ii Parallel Port Gi
mv‡_ mwVKfv‡e ms‡hvM †`qv Av‡Q wKbv cixÿv Kiæb| cÖ‡qvR‡b bZzb
GKwU K¨vej jvwM‡q cixÿv Kiæb|
2. Dc‡iv³ c×wZ‡Z mgm¨vwUi mgvavb bv n‡j wcÖ›UviwU Ab¨ GKwU
KgwcDUv‡ii mv‡_ jvwM‡q cixÿv Kiæb| wcÖ›U bv n‡j wcÖ›UviwU Lvivc|
3. Dc‡iv³ c×wZ‡Z mgm¨vwU mgvavb bv n‡j LPT1 †cv‡U© KbU¨v±
wK¬bvi e¨envi K‡i †`Lyb| Gfv‡eI mgm¨vwUi mgvavb bv n‡j eyS‡Z
n‡e KgwcDUv‡ii †gBb‡evW©wU Lvivc|
mgm¨v-04 wcÖ›Uv‡i †Kv‡bv WKz‡g›UB wcÖ›U n‡”Q bv|
KviY t
1. wcÖ›UviwU nq‡Zv mwVK †cv‡U© mshy³ Kiv †bB|
2. wWdë wcÖ›UviwU wbe©vPb Kiv nqwb|
3. wcÖ›UviwU ÎæwUhy³ _vK‡Z cv‡i|
mgvavb t
1. wcÖ›Uv‡ii h_vh_fv‡e Ges mwVK †cv‡U© mshy³ wKbv †mwU hvPvB K‡i
wbb| mgm¨v †c‡j wVK K‡i wbb|
2. wcÖ›U Kivi mgq wWdë wcÖ›UviwU wm‡j± Kiv bv _vK‡j wcÖ›U bv nIqvUvB
¯^vfvweK| GRb¨ †h wcÖ›UviwUi gva¨‡g wcÖ›U Ki‡Qb †mwU wm‡j± Kiæb|
Gici K‡›Uªvj c¨v‡bj †_‡K Printer †dvìviwU I‡cb K‡i mshy³
wcÖ›UviwUi bv‡g gvD‡mi Wvb evU‡b wK¬K Set As Default K‡i K‡i
w`b|
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mgm¨v-05 The Printer is almost out of toner/16 Toner Low
†g‡mR †`Lvq|
KviY t †Uvbvi/KvwUª©‡R Kvwji cwigvY Kg Av‡Q|
mgvavb t
1. wcÖ›Uvi †_‡K †UvbviwU Ly‡j wb‡q †mwU K‡qK evi SuvwK‡q cybivq
wcÖ›Uv‡i †mU K‡i e¨envi Kiæb| Zv‡Z KvR n‡Z cv‡i|
2. Kvwji cwigvY LyeB K‡g †M‡j bZzb GKwU †Uvbvi/KvwUª©R Øviv †mwU
cÖwZ¯’vcb Kiæb|
mgm¨v-06 wcÖ›Uv‡ii †ccvi _vKv m‡Ë¡I †ccvi AvDU wmMb¨vj cÖ`k©b K‡i
Ges †Kv‡bv wcÖ›U nq bv|
KviY t
1. wcÖ›Uv‡ii †Uª-†Z mwVK wbq‡g KvMR †`qv nqwb|
2. wcÖ›Uv‡ii †ccvi †mÝiwU‡Z gqjv R‡g‡Q ev Lvivc|
mgvavb t
1. wcÖ›Uv‡ii †ccvi †Uª-†Z mwVK c×wZ‡Z †ccvi w`b| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv
wcÖ›Uv‡i †ccvi †Uª-†Z †ccvi †`qvi ci evUb †P‡c Gi Aw¯ÍZ¡ wba©viY
K‡i w`‡Z nq|
2. wcÖ›UviwU Ly‡j Gi †mÝiwU cwi®‹vi Kvco w`‡q cixÿvi K‡i †`Lyb|
cÖ‡qvR‡b mggv‡bi GKwU †mÝi w`‡q GwU cwieZ©b Kiæb|
mgm¨v-07 wcÖ›Uvi mPj _vK‡jI KvMR †U‡b †bq bv|
KviY t
1. wcÖ›Uvi †mÝUiwU KvR Ki‡Q bv|
2. †ccvi mwVKfv‡e ¯ú‡KU wc‡bi mv‡_ ms‡hvM Kiv nq wb|
mgvavb t
1. †ccvi mwVKfv‡e m‡KU wc‡bi mv‡_ mshy&³ bv _vK‡j †mwU mwVKfv‡e
mshy³ Kiæb|
2. wcÖ›Uv‡ii †mÝiwU KvR bv Ki‡j Avcbv‡K GKRb nvW©Iq¨vi we‡kl‡Ái
kiYvcbœ n‡Z n‡e|
mgm¨v-08 wcÖ›Uvi KvMR †ei nIqvi mgq KzPKv‡bv nq ev AvU‡K hvq|
KviY t
1. †ccvi ¯ú‡KU wcb G KvM‡Ri wi‡jkb mwVKfv‡e †mU nq wb|
2. wcÖwgqv‡gi `uvZ fvOv ev euvKv _vK‡Z cv‡i|
mgvavb t
1. KvMR‡K mwVKfv‡e ¯’vcb K‡i cixÿv Kiæb|
2. wcÖ›Uv‡ii †fZ‡ii †Kv‡bv hš¿vs‡ki mgm¨v n‡j ¯úk©KvZi Gme welq‡K
wb‡R mviv‡bvi †Póv bv K‡i AwfÁ nvW©Iq¨vi mvivBLvbvq wb‡q hvb|

mgm¨v-09 wcÖ›Uvi nq wKš‘ Mv‡e©R K¨v‡i±vi|
KviY t
1. wcÖ›Uv‡ii †WUv K¨vejwU Lvivc|
2. wcÖ›Uvi wm‡jKkb wVK bvI _vK‡Z cv‡i|
3. A¨vwcø‡Kkb †cÖvMÖvgwU mwVKfv‡e BÝUj Kiv nqwb|
4. wcÖ›Uvi WªvBfvi mgm¨v|
5. KgwcDUvi fvBivmRwbZ mgm¨v|
6. wcÖ›Uv‡ii †g‡gvwi ÎæwUhy³/wcÖ›Uvi ÎæwUhy³|
mgvavb t
1. wcÖ›Uv‡ii †WUv K¨vejwU mwVKfv‡e mshy³ Kiæb| cÖ‡qvR‡b DfqcÖv‡šÍ
KbU¨v± wK¬bvi e¨envi Kiæb|
2. wcÖ›U Kivi mgq mwVK wcÖ›UviwU wm‡j± Kiæb|
3. †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv A¨vwcø‡Kkb †cÖvMÖvg BÝUj Kivi mgq wcÖ›Uvi wm‡j± K‡i
w`‡Z nq| ZvB †`L‡Z n‡e mwVK wcÖ›UviwU wm‡j± Kiv n‡q‡Q wKbv|
4. wcÖ›Uvi WªvBfviwU wVKg‡Zv BÝUj Kiv bv n‡j Zv Avb-BÝUj K‡i
cybivq BÝUj K‡i cixÿv Kiæb|
5. KgwcDUviwU‡Z fvBivm Av‡Q wKbv cixÿv Kiæb| fv‡jv Gw›UfvBivm
Uzj Øviv fvBivm wK¬b K‡i cybivq wcÖ›Uvi WªvBfvi BÝUj K‡i wbb|
6. †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv wcÖ›Uv‡i †g‡gvwi wPc hy³ _v‡K| D³ †g‡gvwi wPc Lvivc
n‡jI G ai‡bi mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB †g‡gvwi wPc cixÿv Kiæb|
cÖ‡qvR‡b wcÖ›UviwU cwieZ©b K‡i wbb|
mgm¨v-10 †Kv‡bv we‡kl †cÖvMÖvg †_‡K wcÖ›U K‡i bv|
KviY t D³ we‡kl †cÖvMÖvgwU BÝUj Kivi mgq mwVK wcÖ›UviwU wm‡j± Kiv nqwb|
mgvavb t †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv we‡kl A¨vwcø‡Kkb †cÖvMÖvg wKQy wbw`©ó wcÖ›Uv‡ii gva¨‡g
wcÖ›U Kivi myweav w`‡q _v‡K| Gme mdUIq¨vi BÝUj Kivi mgqB wbw`©ó wcÖ›Uvi
wm‡j± K‡i w`‡Z nq| m¤¢e n‡j A¨vwcø‡Kk‡bi wcÖ›UviwU wm‡j± K‡i w`‡Z n‡e|
bZzev cybivq BÝUj Kivi mgq wcÖ›UviwU wm‡j± K‡i w`‡Z n‡e|
mgm¨v-11 †jRvi wcÖ›Uv‡ii †Uvbvi †jv A_ev evej‡RU wcÖ›Uv‡ii KvwU©R †jv|
KviY I mgvavb t GwU wcÖ›Uv‡ii †Kv‡bv mgm¨v bq| mvaviYZ †Uvbv‡ii Kvwj
K‡g †M‡j G RvZxq †g‡mR cÖ`k©b K‡i| †jRvi wcÖ›Uv‡ii †Uvbvi Ly‡j SvwK‡q
wb‡q G ai‡bi mgm¨v mvgwqKfv‡e mgvavb Kiv hvq| evej‡RU wcÖ›Uv‡ii Kvwji
KvwU©R cwieZ©b K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
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mgm¨v-12 D‡ëv ev wgii wcÖ›U Ki‡Q|
mgvavb t †Uªwms †ccv‡i D‡ëv wcÖ›U Ki‡j Ad‡mU †gwk‡b Qvcuv‡bvi Rb¨ †cø‡U
fvj Av‡m| A‡bK wcÖ›Uv‡i wgii Ackb _v‡K| wgii AckbwU wm‡j± _vK‡j
wcÖ›U wb‡`©k w`‡j wgii ev Dëv wcÖ›U nq| G‡ÿ‡Î wgii bv PvB‡j G AckbwU
wWRv‡ej K‡i wcÖ›U Kiæb|

Aa¨vq-9
†cb WªvBf ev BDGmwe d¬¨vk WªvBf
KgwcDUv‡ii BDGmwe (USB) †cv‡U© eënv‡ivc‡hvMx ÿz`ª KjgvK…wZi †÷v‡iR
wWfvBm n‡jv †cb WªvBf| G¸‡jv‡K BDGmwe d¬¨vk WªvBf ev †WUv Uªv‡fjviI ejv
n‡q _v‡K| G¸‡jv g~jZ wigyfvj I wiivB‡Uej wW¯‹| G‡ì cÖPjb nevi ci d¬wc
wW‡¯‹i Ges †mB mv‡_ d¬wc wW¯‹ WªvB‡fi we`vq NÈv †e‡R †M‡Q| †cb WªvB‡f Z_¨
Kwc K‡i GK ¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨¯’v‡b Lye mn‡RB e‡q †bqv hvq| G¸‡jv Lye `ªæZMwZ‡Z
Z_¨ Kwc Ki‡Z cv‡i| AvRKvj GK RvqMv n‡Z Ab¨ RvqMvq Z_¨ ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii †ÿ‡Î
†cb WªvBf¸‡jv †ek RbwcÖq n‡q D‡V‡Q| eZ©gv‡b evRv‡i 32 wMMvevBU mvB‡RiI
†cb WªvBf wKb‡Z cvIqv hvq| mg‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_ AvMvgx‡Z nq‡Zv G‡ì aviY
ÿgZv AviI e„w× cv‡e| Z‡e mvaviYZ 1 wMMvevBU, 2 wMMvevBU, 4 wMMvevBU Ges
8 wMMvevBU mvB‡Ri †cb WªvBfB †ewk eëüZ n‡”Q| w`b w`b G¸‡jvi `vgI K‡g
Avm‡Q|
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d¬¨vm wW¯‹ e¨env‡i KiYxq t
 †cb WªvB‡f †WUv e¨vKAvc †bqvi ci GwUi K¨vc jvwM‡q msiwÿZ ¯’v‡b
ivLv DwPZ|
 KgwcDUv‡ii BDGmwe †cv‡U© jvMv‡bvi mgq mZK©Zvi mv‡_ jvMv‡Z n‡e|
Ry‡i Pvc w`‡q jvMv‡j c¨vbWªvB‡fi gv_vwU euvKv n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i A_ev †f‡½
†h‡Z cv‡i|
 Zij †Kvb c`v_© hv‡Z †cb WªvB‡f bv jv‡M †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e|
 fvix †Kvb wRwb‡mi wb‡P †cb wW¯‹ ivLv DwPZ bq|
†cb WªvBf‡K fvBivm gy³ ivLv t
eZ©gv‡b wigyfvj wW¯‹ wnmv‡e c¨vb WªvBf e¨vcK e¨eüZ n‡”Q| GK KgwcDUvi †_‡K
Ab¨ KgwcDUv‡i ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii Kvi‡Y †cb WªvB‡f fvBiv‡mi Dcw¯’wZ e¨vcKfv‡e †e‡o
†M‡Q| A‡bK fvBivm wbg©vZv ïaygvÎ †cb WªvB‡fi Rb¨ Avjv`v K‡i fvBivm ˆZwi
Ki‡Qb| wKQz wKQz wel‡qi cÖwZ bRi w`‡j Gme fvBivm †_‡K euvPv hvq| †cbWªvBf
fvBivm Qov‡bvi GKwU gva¨g| GwU fvBiv‡m AvµvšÍ n‡j hš¿Yv I Sv‡gjvi †kl
†bB| GKUz m‡PZb n‡j †cbWªvBf‡K fvBivmgy³ ivLv hvq|
1. †cbWªvBf KL‡bv `yB wK¬K K‡i Lyj‡eb bv|
2. †cbWªvBf me mgq gvB Kw¤úDUv‡i wM‡q A¨v‡Wªm evi †_‡K Lyj‡eb ev
†dvìvi wfD (+ E) †_‡K Lyj‡eb|

3. †cbWªvBf KL‡bv Wvb wK¬K K‡i I‡cb Ackb wKsev G·‡cøvivi Ack‡b
wK¬K K‡i I‡cb Ki‡eb bv|
4. †cbWªvBf Kw¤úDUv‡i †XvKv‡bvi m‡½ m‡½ wK‡ev‡W©i wkdU wK wKQzÿY †P‡c
ivLyb| G‡Z †cbWªvBfwU wb‡R wb‡R Lyj‡e (A‡Uv ivb) bv| Avi
Gw·wKD‡Uej dvBj¸‡jv (*.exe) Lyj‡e bv, d‡j fvBivm _vK‡jI †mme
Kw¤úDUv‡i msµwgZ nIqvi m¤¢vebv Kg _v‡K|
5. †cbWªvB‡f GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRbxq dvBj¸‡jv ivLvi †Póv Kiæb|
6. †dvìv‡ii ‡cÖvcvwU©R wba©viY Kivi (†mwUsm) mgq Ô†kv wn‡Wb dvBjm A¨vÛ
†dvìvimÕ Ae¯’vq ivLyb| G‡Z wKQz fvBivm †cbWªvB‡f wn‡Wb Ae¯’vq
†`L‡Z cv‡eb Ges G¸‡jv gy‡Q †djyb|
7. cÖ‡qvRbxq dvBj nvW©wW¯‹ WªvB‡f mwi‡q †i‡L †cbWªvBf gv‡S g‡a¨ dig¨vU
K‡i wb‡Z cv‡ib|
8. †cbWªvB‡f autorun.inf _vK‡j gy‡Q †djyb| G Rb¨ ÷vU© †_‡K mvP©
Ack‡b G wM‡q autorun. inf wj‡L dvBjwU Lyu‡R †ei Kiæb|
9. †cbWªvB‡f hv‡Z bZzb †Kv‡bv KvR Kiv bv hvq †m e¨e¯’v (ivBU †cÖv‡U±)
K‡i ivL‡Z cv‡ib| G Rb¨ Avcwb ÔBDGmwe ivBU †cÖv‡U±Õ mdUIq¨viwU
webv g~‡j¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
10. Gw›U-fvBivm mdUIq¨vi _vK‡j †mwU w`‡q †cbWªvBf ¯‹¨vb K‡i e¨envi Kiæb|
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Aa¨vq-10
wnUwmb&K I Kzwjs d¨vb
wnUwmb&K
KgwcDUv‡ii cÖ‡mm‡i ˆZwi Zvc VvÛv nIqvi Rb¨ Kzwjs d¨vb Ges wnUwmb&K
_v‡K| wnUwmb&&K KgwcDUv‡ii cÖ‡mmi †_‡K Drcbœ DËvc‡K `ªæZ †kvlY K‡i|
G¨vjgywbqv‡gi mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ avZz wgwk‡q wnUwmb&K ˆZwi Kiv nq|
wPÎ t gv`vi‡ev‡W© cÖ‡mm‡ii Dci jvMv‡bv Kzwjs d¨vb Ges Gi wb‡P
Gjywgwbqv‡gi wnUwmb&&K
wPÎ t j¨vcU‡ci wnUwmb&‡Ki mv‡_ jvMv‡bv Kzwjs d¨vb

Kzwjs d¨vb
†QvU AvK…wZi d¨vb hv KgwcDUv‡ii wcÖ‡mm‡i ˆZwi Drcbœ Zvc‡K mwi‡q w`‡q
wnUwb&K Ges cÖ‡mmi‡K VvÛv ivLvi Rb¨ GB d¨vb e¨envi Kiv nq| Kzwjs d¨vb
KZ…©K ˆZwi evZvm cÖevwnZ nIqvi Kvi‡Y Drcbœ Zvc‡K †ei K‡i †`qvi Rb¨
evwn‡ii w`‡K †fw›U‡jUi _v‡K| ZvB Kzwjs d¨vb `ªæZ gqjv n‡q hvq| G gqjv
cwi¯‹vi bv Ki‡j gqjv R‡g GKmgq †fw›U‡jUi eÜ n‡q hvq Ges KgwcDUvi
Mig n‡q Gi hš¿cvwZi ÿwZ nq|
†W¯‹Uc KgwcDUv‡ii Kzwjs d¨vb cwi¯‹vi Kiv t
wKQzw`b cici KgwcDUv‡ii Kzwjs d¨vb cwi¯‹vi Kiv DwPZ| e¨enviKvix hw`
`ÿ nb Zvn‡j †Kwms Gi XvKbvwU Ly‡j Kywjs d¨vbwU Ly‡j cwi¯‹vi K‡i Avevi
jvMv‡bv fv‡jv| bv Ly‡j Ki‡Z PvB‡j wb‡Pi wbq‡g cwi¯‹vi Kiv hvq|
1. KgwcDUvi‡K mwVKfv‡e mvUWvDb Ki‡Z n‡e| cvIqvi jvBb †_‡K
wew”Qbœ K‡i wKQzÿY A‡cÿv K‡i VvÐv Ki‡Z n‡e|
2. †Kwms Gi mvBU c¨v‡bj XvKbvwU Lyj‡Z n‡e|
3. mywZi Kvco w`‡q A_ev eªvm w`‡q Kzwjs d¨v‡bi eø¨v‡W R‡g _vKv gqjv
cwi¯‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e| gqjv¸‡jv †Kwms co‡e| G¸‡jv nvZ w`‡q
cwi¯‹vi Kivi †Póv bv Ki‡Z n‡e|
4. Kg‡cÖm Gqvi †¯úª Ki‡Z n‡e| Gmgq nvZ w`‡q †Kv_vI bv ¯úm©
Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kwms Gi wb‡P c‡o _vKv gqjv‡K †¯úª K‡i miv‡Z n‡e|
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5. cvIqvi KW© mshy³ K‡i KgwcDUvi‡K Pvjy Ki‡Z n‡e|
j¨vcU‡ci Kzwjs d¨vb cwi¯‹vi Kiv
j¨vcU‡ci cÖ‡mm‡i ˆZwi Mig VvÛv nIqvi Rb¨ Kzwjs d¨vb Ges wnUwmsK _v‡K|
A‡bK w`b e¨env‡i Ges mvwf©wms bv Kivi Kvi‡Y G¸‡jv‡Z Rgv a~‡jvevwji ¯Íi
n‡q G¸‡jvi Kvh©KvwiZv n«vm cvq| ZvB ˆZwi Mig VvÛv n‡Z cv‡ibv weavq
j¨vcUc Mig n‡q hvq Ges gv‡S gv‡S eÜ n‡q hvq| Kzwjs d¨vb cwi¯‹vi Kivi
Rb¨ wb‡Pi c`‡ÿc cwb‡Z n‡e|
1. j¨vcUcwU Pv‡R© _vK‡j cvIqvi jvBb †_‡K GWvÞvi Ly‡j †dj‡Z n‡e|
2. j¨vcU‡ci e¨vUvwiwU Ly‡j †dj‡Z n‡e|
3. g¨vbyqvj †`‡L j¨vcU‡c Kzwjs d¨v‡bi Ae¯’vb †R‡b Gi Dc‡ii cøvw÷K
KfviwU Ly‡j †dj‡Z n‡e|
4. mveavbZvi mv‡_ d¨v‡bi Wv÷ Kfv‡ii ‡QvU ¯Œz¸‡jv Lyj‡Z n‡e|

5. KUb evi w`‡q wfZ‡i †j‡M _vKv gqjv cwi¯‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e|
6. cwi¯‹vi mywZ cvZjv Kvco w`‡q hZUzKz m¤¢e cwi¯‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e|
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7. Av‡iv Mfx‡i _vKv gqjv cwi¯‹vi Kivi Rb¨ Kg‡cÖmW Gqvi e¨envi
8. GKBfv‡e wnUwmb&K cwi¯‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e|
9. cwi¯‹vi K‡i cybivq mewKQz jvMv‡Z (wiG¨v‡m¤^j Ki‡Z) n‡e|

Aa¨vq-11
j¨vcUc eënv‡i KiYxq welqvejx
eZ©gv‡b A‡b‡K j¨vcUc eënvi Ki‡Qb| j¨vcU‡ci wfZi msiÿY Ki‡Qb
g~jëvb A‡bK Z_¨| j¨vcUc A‡bK `vwg GKwU ê`y¨wZK hš¿| ïaygvÎ mwVK
eënvi bv Rvbvi Kvi‡Y A‡b‡Ki g~jëvb G hš¿wU ZvivZvwi b÷ n‡q hvq| †hgb
A‡bKw`b eënvi bv Ki‡j j¨vcU‡ci wfZ‡i hw` Gi e¨vUvwiwU jvwM‡q ivLv nq
Zvn‡j Gi e¨vUvwiwU b÷ n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| Gfv‡e mvgvb¨ wKQz wel‡qi cÖwZ
bRi bv ivLvi Kvi‡Y g~jëvb A‡bK hš¿cvwZ b÷ n‡q hvq| wKfv‡e eënvi
Ki‡j j¨vcUc A‡bKw`b Kg©ÿg †i‡L ¯^v”Q‡›` KvR Kiv hvq G wel‡qi Dci
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q |
j¨vcU‡ci cv‡k a~gcvb bv Kiv
a~gcvb ¯^v‡¯’ï Rb¨ AcKvi Rvbv ¯^‡Ë¡I Avgiv A‡b‡K G ev‡R Af¨vmwU Z¨vM
Ki‡Z cvwibv| a~ccvb whwb K‡ib Zvi cv‡k _vKv Aa~gcvwq e¨vw³i RbÏ
ÿwZKi| wVK †Zgwb eënviKvixi a~gcv‡bi Kvi‡Y Zvi cv‡k _vKv AZ¨všÍ
ms‡e`bkxj j¨vcUcwUI ÿwZi mb¥ywLb n‡q _v‡K| a~gcv‡bi d‡j wbM©Z a~qv
Ges wmMv‡i‡Ui m~ÿè QuvB j¨vcU‡ci ÿwZ K‡i _v‡K| Avcbvi AZ¨všÍ cÖ‡qvRbxq
j¨vcUcwU AvcbviB Kvi‡Y hv‡Z mgm¨vq bv c‡o †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivLv DwPZ|
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B‡jw±ªK g¨vM‡bwUK wdì †_‡K j¨vcUc‡K wbivc` `yi‡Z¡ ivLv
B‡jw±ªK g¨vM‡bwUK wdì ˆZwi K‡i Ggb ˆe`y¨wZK miÄvg (†hgb t
gvB‡µvI‡qf ) †_‡K j¨vcUc‡K AšÍZ c‡ÿ K‡qK dyU `~‡i ivLv DwPZ|
j¨vcUc GKevi eÜ Kivi ci mv‡_ mv‡_ Pvjy K‡i wgwbgvg wÎk †m‡KÛ weiZx
w`‡q cybivq Pvjy Kiv DwPZ|
eÜ Kivi ci mv‡_ mv‡_ Pvjy bv Kiv
j¨vcU‡c KvR Kive¯’vq GwU Ad K‡i cybivq ÷vU© Kivi gvSLv‡b AšÍtZ
wÎk †m‡KÛ weiZx †`qv DwPZ| eÜ Kivi wb‡`©k †`qvi ci cy‡ivcywi eÜ
nIqvi mg‡qi gvSLv‡b Avevi Pvjyi wb‡`©k w`‡j j¨vcU‡ci ÿwZ n‡Z
cv‡i| ZvB GiKgwU bv Kiv DwPZ|
j¨vcU‡ci mvg‡b cvbvnvi bv Kiv
j¨vcU‡ci mvg‡b cvbvnvi we‡kl K‡i wjKzBW wKQz †hgb- Pv, Kwc BZ¨vw` LvIqv
hv‡e bv| AmveavbZvekZt KL‡bv Zij RvZxq Lvevi c‡i wM‡q j¨vcU‡ci
A‡kl ÿwZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| mvgvb¨ Zij RvZxq c`v_© j¨vcU‡ci Lye †mb‡mwUf
mvwK©‡Ui g‡a¨ mU©mvwK©U K‡i e¨env‡ii Ab‡cv‡hvwM K‡i †Zvj‡Z cv‡i|
eÜ K‡i mwVKfv‡e e¨v‡M fiv
j¨vcUc eÜ K‡i e¨v‡M f‡i †bqvi Av‡M †`L‡Z n‡e mwVKfv‡e eÜ n‡q‡Q wKbv|
nvBcvi‡bU ev mvm‡cÛ †gv‡W _vK‡j j¨vcUcwU eÜ g‡b n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB fvj

K‡i †`‡L eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e| cvIqvi jvBU m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c eÜ n‡j eyS‡Z n‡e eÜ
n‡q‡Q| eÜ Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ e¨v‡M bv XzwK‡q K‡qK wgwbU c‡i XzKv‡j fvj nq|
hw` j¨vcUc Pvjy Ae¯’vq e¨v‡M f‡i †bqv nq Zvn‡j e¨vUvwi Mig n‡q Av¸b
†j‡M †h‡Z cv‡i|
j¨vcUc wK me©`v Gwm cvIqvi †_‡K Pvjy Kiv hvq?
j¨vcUc me©`v Gwm cvIqvi †_‡K Pvjy Kiv hvq e‡j A‡bK AwfÁiv e‡j _v‡Kb|
KviY eZ©gv‡b j¨vcU‡c wj-Ab e¨vUvwi eënvi Kiv nq †h¸‡jv †h †Kvb mgq
PvR© n‡Z cv‡i| e¨vUvwi cy‡ivcywi PvR© n‡j j¨vcUc Gwm cvIqvi †_‡K cvIqvi
cvq Ges GwU e¨vUvwii Rb¨ ÿwZKi bq| wKš‘ GKwU welq g‡b ivLv DwPZ Gwm
cvIqvi †_‡K cvIqvi MÖn‡bi mgq KL‡bv e¨vUvwi †Lvjv bv _vKv DwPZ| KviY
e¨vUvwiwU BDwcG‡mi g‡Zv KvR K‡i| d‡j mivmwi hy³ we`y¨r DVv-bvgvi d‡j
j¨vcU‡ci wewfbœ mvwK©U b÷ n‡q hvIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K bv|
G·Uvibvj Kx †evW© eënvi Kiv
†W¯‹Uc KgwcDUv‡ii mv‡_ Avjv`v K‡i hy³ Kx-‡ev‡W©i †P‡q j¨vcU‡ci wWdë
Kx †evW©wU A‡bK nvjKv I mdU| hviv `xN©ÿY j¨vcU‡c UvB‡ci KvR K‡ib
Zv‡ì †ÿ‡Î j¨vcU‡ci Kx †evW© A‡bK †ÿ‡Î Lye GKUv Kvh©mnvqK bq| Giæc
†ÿ‡Î j¨vcU‡ci mv‡_ G·Uvibvj Kx †evW© eënvi KivB DËg| cyivb A‡bK
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j¨cU‡c wcGm-2 Kx †evW© Kv‡b±i _v‡K| G‡ÿ‡Î wcGm-2 Kx †evW© Kv‡b±‡i
ms‡hvM K‡i eënvi Kiv hvq| eZ©gv‡b me j¨vcU‡c BDGmwe Kv‡b±i _v‡K|
G‡ÿ‡Î BDGmwe Kv‡b±‡i mshy³ K‡i BDGmwe Kx †evW© eënvi Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i|
w¯Œ‡bi eªvBU‡bm GWRv÷ Kiv
w¯Œ‡bi eªvBU‡bm GWRv÷ K‡i j¨vcU‡ci e¨vUvwii LiP Kwg‡q e¨vUvwii Avqy¯‹vj
evov‡bv hvq| †W¯‹Uc KgwcDUv‡ii †ejvq we`y¨r LiP Kgv‡bv hvq| GQvovI
eënviKvix Zvi cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv w¯Œ‡bi eªvBU‡bm GWRv÷ K‡i ¯^v”Q‡›ì mv‡_
†`L‡Z cv‡ib|
DB‡ÛvR G·wc‡Z w¯Œ‡bi eªvBU‡bm wVK Kiv t
1. Start †gby‡Z wK¬K K‡i Control Panel G wK¬K K‡i K‡›Uªvj c¨v‡b‡j
Avmyb|
2. Category View _vK‡j Appearance and Themes wbe©vPb Kiæb Avi
hw` Classic View G _v‡Kb Zvn‡j Display wbe©vPb Kiæb|
3. Display Properties DB‡Ûv †_‡K Settings U¨v‡e wK¬K Kiæb|
4. DB‡Ûvi wb‡Pi Advanced evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb| gwbU‡ii †cÖvcvwU©R
DB‡Ûv cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|
5. ATI MÖvwd· KvW© eënvi K‡i _vK‡j Color U¨v‡e wK¬K Kiæb |
cQ›`g‡Zv w¯Œ‡bi eªvBU‡bm bv Avmv ch©šÍ eªvBU‡bm †¯‹j‡K GWRv÷
Kiæb|
6. eªvBU‡bm †mU Kivi Rb¨ OK evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb |

DB‡ÛvR †m‡f‡b w¯Œ‡bi eªvBU‡bm wVK Kiv t
hw` Dc‡iv³ wb‡`©kbvq KvR bv nq Zvn‡j j¨vcU‡ci g¨vbyqv‡j G e¨vcv‡i †h
wb‡`©kbv †`qv Av‡Q Zv AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e|
1. Start †gby‡Z wK¬K K‡i Control Panel G wK¬K K‡i K‡›Uªvj c¨v‡b‡j
Avmyb|
2. mvP© e‡· calibrate display UvBc K‡i cÖ`wk©Z DB‡Ûv †_‡K Calibrate
display color G wK¬K Kiæb |
3. hw` Kbdvi‡gkb nIqvi wb‡`©kbv Av‡m Zvn‡j Kbdvg© Kiæb|
4. Display Color Calibration DB‡Ûvi wb‡Pi Wvbw`‡Ki Next evU‡b wZb
evi wK¬K Kiæb |
5. cÖ`wk©Z DB‡Ûvi ¯Œjev‡i gvDm w`‡q Wª¨vM K‡i Dc‡ii w`‡K wb‡j
eªvBU‡bm evo‡e Ges wb‡Pi w`‡K wb‡j eªvBU‡bm Kg‡e|
6. Next evU‡b wK¬K K‡i K‡i cÖ`wk©Z wb‡`©kbv Abyhvwq KvR K‡i w¯Œ‡bi
eªvBU‡bm GWRv÷ Kiv hvq|
mvDÛ Kg eënvi Kiv
mvDÛ Pvjbvq cvIqvi LiP nq| ZvB j¨vcU‡c AwZ †ewk cÖ‡qvRb bv n‡j
mvDÛ eënvi bv KivB fvj|
j¨vcUc e¨vM eënvi Kiv
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cÖ‡Z¨KwU j¨vcUc †Kv¤úvwb Zv‡ì j¨vcUc †cÖvWv‡±i Rb¨ g‡W‡ji Dci wfwË
K‡i j¨vcUc †Kwms A_©vr j¨vcUc e¨vM w`‡q _v‡K| Gme e¨v‡Mi wewfbœ j¨vcUc
GK‡mmwim ivLvi RvqMv _v‡K| e¨v‡Mi gvSLv‡b j¨vcUc ivLvi wbw`©ó RvqMv‡Z
j¨vcUcwU ivLv DwPZ| G‡Z K‡i evwn‡i K¨vwi Kivi mgq j¨vcUcwU mdU
RvqMvq _vKvi Kvi‡Y wbivc` _v‡K|
k³ Zjvq j¨vcUc eënvi Kiv
j¨vcUc big †Kvb wKQzi †hgb weQvbv ev evwj‡ki Dci †i‡L KvR Ki‡j Gi
wb‡Pi AskwU (evZvm †ei nIqvi ¯’vbwU) †X‡K †j‡M _v‡K weavq evZvm †ei n‡Z
Amyweav nq weavq ZvivZvwi Mig n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| j¨vcUc Mig n‡j e¨vUvwi
ZvivZvwi b÷ n‡q hvq| ZvB k³ †Kvb mvi‡dm †hgb †Uwe‡ji Dci †i‡L
eënvi Kiv DËg|
wPÎ t weQvbvq G RvZxq †Uwe‡ji Dci †i‡L j¨vcUc A‡bÿY Pvjv‡bv hvq

wPÎ t j¨vcUc ÷¨vÛ (Kv‡Vi ˆZwi)
wPÎ t j¨vcUc ÷¨vÛ (cøvw÷‡Ki ˆZwi)
hw` Avcwb weQvbvq e‡m evwj‡ki Dci †i‡L KvR Ki‡Z Pvb Zvn‡j wP‡Î
†`Lv‡bv wgwb †Uwej e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| hw` †Uwej bv _v‡K wKsev ev‡RU Kg
_v‡K Zvn‡j gvÎ kÕcvu‡PK UvKv LiP K‡i j¨vcUc Kyjvi wK‡b evwj‡ki Dci
Kzjvi c¨vW †i‡L Gi Dci j¨vcUc †i‡L KvR Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
nvW©eywUs bv Kiv
Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g †_‡K wbqg g‡Zv bv †ei n‡q j¨vcU‡ci cvIqvi myBP †P‡c
Ad Kiv‡K nvW©eywUs ejv nq| Gfv‡e nvW©eywUs Ki‡j †WUv nvwi‡q hvIqvi
cvkvcvwk j¨vcU‡ci ÿwZ n‡Z cv‡i| †cÖvMÖvg n¨vs Ki‡j Gfv‡e nvW©eywUs bv Kiv
Qvov Dcvq †bB| wKš‘ ¯^vfvweKfv‡e me mgq nvW©eywUs bv Kiv DwPZ|
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GK&‡mmwiR eënv‡i mZK©Zv
j¨vcU‡ci wewfbœ †cv‡U© wewfbœ GK‡mmwiR †hgb- (c¨vb WªvBf, BDGmwe gvDm,
wcwmGgwmAvBG KvW©, †dvb A_ev B_vi‡bU †RK BZ¨vw`) eënvi Kivi mgq
†cv‡U© mwVKfv‡e nvjKv K‡i Pvc w`‡q mshy³ Ki‡Z n‡e| †Rv‡i Pvc w`‡q
Dëvfv‡e jvMv‡Z †M‡j A‡bK mgq †cv‡U©i Kv‡b±iwU †f‡½ †h‡Z cv‡i| ZvB
†cvU© eënv‡i mZK© n‡Z n‡e|
fvjgv‡bi cvU©m eënvi Kiv
j¨vcUc wicvqvi Kivi mgq †Kvb cvU©m cwieZ©b Kivi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j fvjgv‡bi
cvU©m eënvi Kiv DwPZ| wKQz UvKv euvPv‡Z wM‡q Lvivc †KvqvwjwUi cvU©m eënvi
Ki‡j ïaygvÎ H cvU©‡mi Kvi‡Y A‡bK `vgx j¨vcUcwU ZvivZvwi bó n‡q †h‡Z
cv‡i|
cvIqvi GWvÞv‡ii hZœ †bqv
†ewkifvM j¨vcU‡cB cvIqvi GWvÞvi Gi M¨v‡iw›U _v‡K bv| ZvB cvIqvi
GWvÞvi (PvR©vi KW©) Gi hZœ wb‡Z n‡e| Gi Dci fvwi wKQz ivLv DwPZ bq|
KW©‡K †Rv‡i †cPv‡q ivLv DwPZ bq|
Iqv‡iw›U Ges Bbf‡qm WKz‡g›U mwVKfv‡e msiÿY Kiv
bZzb j¨vcU‡ci mv‡_ we‡µZv Iqv‡iw›U Ges Bbf‡qm WKz‡g›U w`‡q _v‡K|
j¨vcUc †Kbvi mgq Gme †ccvi wVK Av‡Q wKbv, Iqv‡iw›U wcwiqW wVKg‡Zv
†jLv Av‡Q wKbv Zv †`‡L wb‡Z n‡e| Iqv‡iw›U Ges Bbf‡qm WKz‡g›U mwVKfv‡e
msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e| A‡bK eª¨vÛ †Kv¤úvwb B›Uvib¨vkbvj Iqv‡iw›U w`‡q _v‡K|
G‡ÿ‡Î we‡`‡k åg‡Y j¨vcUc wb‡q †M‡j Zvi mv‡_ Iqv‡iw›U WKz‡g›UwUI wb‡j
we‡`‡k †Kvb mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡j H †`‡ki G‡R›U †_‡K mvwf©m cvIqv hv‡e|

Iqvi‡jm gvDm eënvi Kiv
eZ©gv‡b Iqvi‡jm gvDm Gi g~j¨ A‡bK K‡g †M‡Q| Iqvi‡jm gvDm eënvi
Ki‡j gvD‡mi †cvU©wUi Dci Pvc Kg _vKvq GwU †ewkw`b fvj _vK‡e| ZvB
m¤¢e n‡j Iqvi‡jm gvDm eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
wPÎ t Iqvi‡jm gvDm
j¨vcUc e¨vUvwi iÿYv‡eÿY Kiv
j¨vcU‡ci Z_v †cv‡U©ej KgwcDUv‡ii Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcv`vb n‡jv Gi
e¨vUvwi| KviY †cv‡U©ej A_©vr PjšÍ Ae¯’vq †hLv‡b we`y¨r cvIqv‡ii eë¯’v †bB
†mLv‡b e¨vUvwii cvIqv‡i †_‡K j¨vcUc P‡j| e¨vUvwi wiPv‡R©ej| GWvÞv‡ii
mvnv‡h¨ Gwm cvIqv‡i mshy³ K‡i e¨vUvwi PvR© K‡i cieZx©‡Z eënvi Kiv hvq|
mvaviYZ GKevi c~Y© PvR© Kivi ci 2-8 N›Uv Pvjv‡bv hvq| j¨vcU‡ci †ÿ‡Î
GKwU e¨vUvwii `vgI A‡bK †ewk| ZvB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GB Dcv`vbwUi mwVK
iÿYv‡eÿY cÖ‡qvRb| ïaygvÎ mvgvb¨ K‡qKwU welq bRi ivL‡j j¨vcU‡ci
e¨vUvwi Gi †gqv‡ì †P‡qI †ewk mgq ch©šÍ eënvi Kiv hvq| e¨vUvwi
iÿYv‡eÿY Kivi Rb¨ hv hv Ki‡Z n‡e Zvn‡jv t
1. w¯Œ‡bi jvBU Kwg‡q KvR Kiv
2. wmwW/wWwfwW WªvBf †_‡K wmwW/wWwfwW AcmviY Kiv
3. wmwWDj KvR eÜ Kiv
4. AcÖ‡qvRbxq †cÖvMÖvg eÜ Kiv
5. wWd«¨vM K‡i e¨vUvwii Avqy e„w× Kiv
6. AcÖ‡qvRbxq dvBj gyQv
7. A‡bK¸‡jv wWfvBm GKmv‡_ eënvi bv Kiv
8. DB‡Ûv‡Ri cvIqvi Ackb eënvi Kiv
9. j¨vcUc hv‡Z Mig bv nq †m eë¯’v Kiv
10. w¯Œ‡bi eªvBU‡bm Kwg‡q ivLv
11. w¯Œb †mfvi eënvi bv Kiv
12. e¨vUvwi Ifvi PvR© bv Kiv
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13. g¨vbyqvj c‡o †m Abyhvwq eë¯’v †bqv
14. mZK©Zv wnmv‡e †WUv e¨vKAvc wb‡q ivLv
15. D”P †iRy‡jkbmg„× MÖvwd‡·I e¨vKMÖvDÛ Kg eënvi Kiv
16. GKmv‡_ A‡bK †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb bv Kiv
17. nvBevi‡bkb †gvW
18. †ewk cwigv‡b i¨vg eënvi Kiv
19. me mgq Gwm cvIqvi †_‡K bv Pvjv‡bv
20. j¨vcUc cwi¯‹vi ivLv
21. mivmwi m~‡h©i Av‡jv c‡o Ggb RvqMvq j¨vcUc bv ivLv
22. †j‡U÷ mdUIq¨vi Ges WªvBfvimg~n eënvi Kiv
23. mwVK GWvÞvi eënvi Kiv
24. A‡bKw`b j¨vcUc eënvi bv Kivi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j e¨vUvwi Ly‡j ivLv
Pv‡R© _vKve¯’vq e¨vUvwi bv †Lvjv
j¨vcUcwU cvIqvi jvB‡b (Gwm) hy³ _vKve¯’vq A_©vr Gi GWvÞviwU g~j ê`ÿwZK jvB‡b
_vKve¯’vq j¨vcU‡ci e¨vUvwiwU †Lvjv DwPZ bq| †Lvjvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j jvBb (Gwm) †_‡K wew”Qbœ
n‡q j¨vcUcwU wbqgvbyhvwq eÜ K‡i mv‡_ mv‡_ bv †Lv‡j wKQzÿY ci †Lvjv DwPZ|

Aa¨vq-12
†cb wW‡¯‹ †WUv msiÿY Kiv
wmwW, wWwfwW, wRc wW‡¯‹i Z_¨ aviYÿgZv †ewk n‡jI G¸‡jv‡Z Z_¨ msÿiY
Kiv Ges covi Rb¨ WªvB‡fi cÖ‡qvRb nq| eZ©gv‡b KgwcDUv‡ii gv`vi‡ev‡W©i
BDGmwe (BDwbfv‡m©j wmwiqvj evm) †cv‡U© d¬vm wW¯‹ ev †cb wW¯‹ jvwM‡q mn‡R
Z_¨ †jLv I cov hvq| AZ¨šÍ nvjKv I mn‡R enb‡hvM¨ Kj‡gi K¨v‡ci g‡Zv
†`L‡Z †cb wW¯‹ d¬wc wW‡¯‹i RvqMv `Lj K‡i‡Q| 32 †gMvevBU †_‡K Avi¤¢
K‡i †cbwW¯‹¸‡jvi m‡e©v”P K¨vcvwmwU cÖvq K‡qK wMMvevBU ch©šÍ|
†cb wW‡¯‹i K¨v‡ci Kfvi/XvKbvwU Ly‡j KgwcDUv‡ii K¨vwms Gi BDGmwe †cv‡U©
mwVKfv‡e jvMv‡Z n‡e| BDGmwe †cvU© gv`vi‡ev‡W© _v‡K| Gi †Lvjv Ask †Kwms
Gi wcQ‡b A_ev mvg‡b _v‡K|
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evievi wcQ‡b c¨vb WªvBf eënvi Kiv weiw³Ki, GQvov Gfv‡e gv`vi‡ev‡W©i
BDGmwe †cv‡U© evievi †P‡c †P‡c eënvi Ki‡j †cvU©wU bó n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i|
G‡ÿ‡Î evRv‡i Aí UvKvq AwZwi³ c¨vivjvj BDGmwe †cvU© K¨vej wK‡b eënvi
†cb WªvB‡f †WUv e¨vKAvc †bqvi ci GwUi K¨vc jvwM‡q msiwÿZ ¯’v‡b ivLv
DwPZ| KgwcDUv‡ii BDGmwe †cv‡U© †cb wW¯‹ jvMv‡bvi mgq mZK©Zvi mv‡_
jvMv‡Z n‡e| †Rv‡i Pvc w`‡q jvMv‡j c¨vb wW‡¯‹i gv_vwU euvKv n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i
A_ev †f‡½ †h‡Z cv‡i|
nvW©wW¯‹ †_‡K †WUv Kwc Kiv
KgwcDUv‡ii mv‡_ jvMv‡bv nvW©wW¯‹wU hw` AvBwWB UvB‡ci nq A_ev AwZwi³ †Kvb
AvBwWB nvW©wW‡¯‹ msiwÿZ Z_¨ Kwc Kiv hvq | G‡ÿ‡Î KgwcDUv‡ii †Kwms Ly‡j
KgwcDUv‡ii wfZ‡ii gv÷vi nvW©wW‡¯‹i mv‡_ jvwM‡q †¯øf wn‡m‡e mshy³ K‡i †WUv
Kwc Kiv hvq| wKš‘ G‡ÿ‡Î KgwcDUvi eÜ Kiv, †Kwms Lyjv, Rv¤úvi †mwUs Kiv,
nvW©wW¯‹ K¨v‡e‡j jvMv‡bv BZ¨vw` A‡bK RwUj KvR| eZ©gvb evRv‡i BDGmwe Uz AvBwWB
K¨vej cvIqv hvq| K¨v‡e‡ji AvBwWB Kv‡b±‡i nvW©wW¯‹ jvwM‡q Ges BDGmwe
Kv‡b±iwU KgwcDUv‡ii BDGmwe †cv‡U© jvwM‡q mn‡RB evwn‡ii nvW©wW¯‹ †_‡K
KgwcDUv‡ii nvW©wW‡¯‹ †WUv Kwc Kiv hvq|

wPÎ t BDGmwe Uz AvBwWB K¨vej
wPÎ t BDGmwe Uz AvBwWB K¨ve‡ji gv_v nvW©wW¯‹
wPÎ t BDGmwe Uz AvBwWB K¨ve‡j nvW©wW¯‹wU jvMv‡bv n‡”Q
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wPÎ t BDGmwe Uz AvBwWB K¨ve‡j nvW©wW¯‹wU jvMv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
nvW©wW¯‹ †_‡K nvW©wW‡¯‹ Kwc Kiv
†WUv msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ nvW©wW¯‹ GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© gva¨g| me KgwcDUv‡iB GKwU
nvW©wW¯‹ _v‡K hv‡Z Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷gmn Ab¨vb¨ BÝUj Kiv wewfbœ †cÖvMÖvg
_v‡K| G nvW©wW¯‹‡K gvóvi nvW©wW¯‹ ev iæU wW‡i±wi ejv nq| gvóvi nvW©wW¯‹wU
wm‡÷g BDwb‡U ¯’vwqfv‡e jvMv‡bv _v‡K| GwU‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨ msiÿY K‡i
wbwðZ nIqv hvq bv| wewfbœ Kvi‡Y †ekx eëüZ gvóvi nvW© WªvBfwU‡Z msiwÿZ
†WUv bó n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| eZ©gv‡b nvW©wW‡¯‹i `vg A‡bK K‡g hvIqvq A‡b‡K
MyiæZ¡c~Y© Z‡_ï e¨KAvc ivLvi Rb¨ Av‡iKwU nvW©wW¯‹ eënvi K‡i _v‡Kb| G
ai‡Yi wØZxq nvW©wW¯‹wU †¯øf bv‡g cwiwPZ| wb‡P gvóvi nvW©wW¯‹ †_‡K wKfv‡e
†¯øf nvW©wW‡¯‹ Z_¨ Kwc Kiv hvq Zv Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv|
 †h nvW©wW¯‹wU †¯øf wnmv‡e eënvi Ki‡eb †mwU Aek¨B di‡g‡UW Ges
fvj n‡Z n‡e|
 †Kwms Gi Kfvi Ly‡j †`Lyyb gvóvi nvW©wW¯‹wU‡Z `ywU K¨vej jvMv‡bv|
GKwU cvIqvi mvcøvB †_‡K Ges Ab¨wU gv`vi †ev‡W©i IDE1 †_‡K
jvMv‡bv| ‡h nvW©wW¯‹wU †¯øf wnmv‡e eënvi Ki‡Z Pvb †mwUi Mv‡q
jvMv‡bv Rv¤úvi †mwUs Abyymv‡i nvW©wW‡¯‹i Rv¤úvi †mwUs Kiæb|
nvW©wW‡¯‹i mvg‡bi w`‡K (†cvU© jvMv‡bv As‡k) jÿ¨ Ki‡j †`Lv hv‡e
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nvW©wW‡¯‹i Mv‡q Rv¤úvi †mwUs Gi ‡h wb‡`©wkKv mviYx _v‡K Zv GiKg
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Primary Master
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 GLv‡b evgw`K †_‡K cÖ_g wcbwU A_©vr Primary Master wU e·
w`‡q gvK© Kiv gv‡b gvóvi nvW©wW‡¯‹i ‡ejvq Rv¤úviwU G Ae¯’v‡b
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†mU Kiv| †¯ø‡fi Rb¨ Rv¤úviwU n‡e Z…Zxq wc‡b ( IDE K¨vej
†h w`‡K jvMv‡bv Av‡Q †mw`K †_‡K) | ZvB Avcwb †h nvW©wW¯‹wU
†¯øf wnmv‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z Pvb †mwUi Rv¤úvi ( cøvw÷‡Ki
AveiYx) wU Lyy‡j evgw`K †_‡K Z„Zxq wc‡b jvMvb|

 †¯øf nvW©wW‡¯‹i cvIqvi wc‡b ( Rv¤úvi Gi Wvbw`‡Ki eo PviwU
wc‡b) cvIqvi mvcøvB ‡_‡K †h †Kvb cvIqvi K¨vej jvMvb|
K¨ve‡ji jvj ZviwU evgw`‡K A_©vvr Rv¤úv‡ii w`‡K _vK‡e|
 gv÷vi nvW©wW‡¯‹i IDE K¨vejwUi wcb Kv‡b±iwU †¯øf nvW©wW‡¯‹i
K¨vej Kv‡b±‡i (Rv¤úv‡ii evgw`‡Ki 39 wc‡b) jvwM‡q wbb|
K¨vejwUi jvj AskwU Rv¤úv‡ii w`‡K A_©vr cvIqvi K¨ve‡ji jvj
ZviwU eivei _vK‡e|
 KgwcDUv‡ii cvIqvi myBP Ab Kiæb| ev‡qv‡mi w`‡K jÿ¨ K‡i
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wWwjU Kx †P‡c ev‡qvm †mwUsG G‡m (wWwjU Kx †P‡c ev‡qvm bv
Avm‡j KgwcDUvi wi÷vU© K‡i Press DEL to enter SETUP
evZ©v Avm‡j wWwjU Kx †P‡c ev‡qv‡m Avmyb| Standard CMOS
Setting wbe©vPb K‡i G›Uvi w`‡q IDE Primary Master Ges
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IDE Primary Slave Auto K‡i w`b| Esc †P‡c †ei n‡q
cÖavb †mwUs c`©vq G‡m IDE HDD AUTO DETECTION
wbe©vPb K‡i G›Uvi w`‡q G IDE Primary Master Ges IDE
Primary Slave G Yes K‡i (Y Kx †P‡c) Esc †P‡c †ei n‡q
F10 Kx †P‡c Y †P‡c †ei n‡q Avmyb| hw` Avcwb AwfÁ bv nb
Zvn‡j ev‡qvm †mwUs wb‡q KvR Ki‡eb bv| AwfÁ Kv‡iv mvnvh¨
wbb A_ev †R‡b wbb| eZ©gvb Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g Ges GWfvÝ
ev‡qvm ¯^qswKªqfv‡e †¯øf nvW© wW¯‹ wW‡U± K‡i wb‡Z cv‡i|
 DB‡ÛvR G·‡cøviv‡i G‡m gv÷vi nvW©wW¯‹ wm‡j± K‡i †h WªvB‡fi
†h dvBjwU ‡¯øf nvW©wW‡¯‹ Kwc Ki‡Z Pvb †mwU wbe©vPb K‡i Kwc
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†c÷ wb‡`©k w`b ( Ctrl+V Kx-Øq Pvcyb)| Kwc Kiv gv÷vi wW‡¯‹i
Z_¨ †¯øf wW‡¯‹ Kwc n‡e| hw` †¯øf nvW©wW¯‹wU evwn‡i ¯’vbvšÍi Ki‡Z
nq Zvn‡j GKwU gyfvBj †iK jvwM‡q wb‡Z cv‡ib |

†gvevBj nvW©wW¯‹‡K G·Uvibvj nvW©wW¯‹ wnmv‡e eënvi Kiv
j¨vcU‡ci Rb¨ ˆZwi nvjKv Ges †QvU AvK…wZi †gvevBj nvW©wW¯‹‡K G·Uvibvj
nvW©wW¯‹ wnmv‡e eënvi Kiv hvq| nvW©wW¯‹‡K Gb‡K¬vRv‡ii g‡a¨ †mU K‡i GwU‡K
G·Uvibvj wnmv‡e eënvi Kiv hvq| Gb‡K¬vRvi n‡jv nvW©wW¯‹‡K aviY Kivi Rb¨
GKwU †Pwmm| †hwU Avjv`v K‡i A_ev nvW©wW‡¯‹i mv‡_ GK‡Î cvIqv hvq| †cv‡U©ej
nvW©wW‡¯‹i Gb‡K¬vRv‡ii BDGmwe Kv‡b±iwU †W¯‹Uc ev j¨vcU‡ci BDGmwe †cv‡U©
mshy³ K‡i mn‡RB eënvi Kiv hvq| j¨vcU‡ci †WUvi e¨vKAvc †bqvi Rb¨
†cv‡U©ej wigyfvj Gme wW¯‹ eënvi Kiv hvq| eZ©gvb evRv‡i 500 wMMvevB‡Ui G
ai‡Yi GKwU wigyfvj wW‡¯‹i `vg 5000 UvKvi g‡a¨ cvIqv hvq| (Ryb 2011)
wPÎ t wigyfvj nvW©wW¯‹ †Pwmm Gi wfZ‡ii Ask
wPÎ t wigyfvj nvW©wW¯‹‡K j¨vcU‡ci BDGmwe †cv‡U© jvMv‡bv n‡q‡Q
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wPÎ t †Pwmm Gi wfZ‡i ivLv †gvevBj nvW©wW¯‹
†gvevBj nvW©wW¯‹ KbfvU©vi
evRv‡i wewfbœ ai‡Yi Kbf©vUvi cvIqv hvq| †hgb mvUv Uz BDGmwe| Gi gva¨‡g mvUv
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wPÎ t †gvevBj nvW©wW¯‹‡K KbfvU©v‡ii mvUv †cv‡U© jvMv‡bv n‡q‡Q
wPÎ t KbfvU©v‡ii mvUv †cv‡U© jvMv‡bv †gvevBj nvW©wW¯‹‡K j¨vcU‡ci BDGmwe
†cv‡U© jvMv‡bv n‡q‡Q

wmwW ivBU Kiv
DB‡ÛvR G·wc Gi wmwW ivBU AckbwU e¨envi K‡i mn‡R wmwW ivBU Kiv hvq|
wb‡P DB‡ÛvR G·wc‡Z wmwW ivBU Kiv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv t
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 †hme dvBj ev †dvìvi wmwW‡Z Kwc Ki‡Z n‡e †m¸‡jv wm‡j± K‡i
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 File †gby‡Z wK¬K K‡i Write these files to CD AckbwU wm‡j±
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 c`©vq wb‡Pi DB‡ÛvwU cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| CD Name : Gi wb‡Pi e‡·
wmwWwUi †h bvg †`qv `iKvi †m bvg UvBc K‡i Next evU‡b wK¬K
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 c`©vq wmwW ivBwUs cÖwµqv †`Lv‡e|

†b‡iv evwY©s mdUIq¨v‡ii gva¨‡g wmwW ivBU Kiv
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mdUIq¨viwU e¨envi K‡i wmwW evY© Kiv hvq|
 Start > Programs > Nero > Nero Express wb‡`©k w`b|
 c`©vq wb‡Pi DB‡ÛvwU cÖ`wk©Z n‡j Cancel evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb|

 c`©vq wb‡Pi DB‡ÛvwU cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| GLvb †_‡K wK ai‡Yi wmwW ivBU
Kiv n‡e Zv wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| wmwW‡Z Z_¨ ivBU Kivi Rb¨ Data
CD AckbwU‡Z Wvej wK¬K K‡i wbe©vwPZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
 c`©vq wb‡Pi DB‡ÛvwU cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| †hme dvBj ev †dvìvi wmwW‡Z
Kwc Ki‡Z n‡e †m¸‡jv wm‡j± K‡i Kwc wb‡`©k w`‡q G DB‡Ûvi wfZ‡i
wK¬K K‡i †c÷ wb‡`©k w`‡j dvBjmg~n †c÷ n‡e| Gfv‡e †c÷ bv K‡i
DB‡Ûvi Add evU‡b wK¬K K‡i cÖ`wk©Z Add File or Folders
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 dvBj ev †dvìvimg~n Add Kivi ci wb‡Pi DB‡ÛvwU cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|
DB‡Ûvi Burn evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| Alow files to be added
later (multisession disk) AckbwU wm‡j± Kiv _vK‡j wmwWwUi duvKv
As‡k ciewZ©‡Z Ab¨vb¨ dvBj ev †dvìvi Kwc Kiv hv‡e|
 wmwWwU ivBU n‡Z _vK‡e Ges ivBwUs cÖwµqv †`Lv‡e|

 ivBU mgvß nIqvi ci wb‡Pi WvqvjM e·wU cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| OK evU‡b
wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e|
dvBj K‡¤cÖkb t †WUv ms‡KvwPZ K‡i ivLv
aiæb gvB‡µvmd&U& Iqv‡W© Avcwb Ggb GKwU dvBj ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb A_ev
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wRc (Zip) dvBj wK?
wRc dvBj n‡”Q GK ai‡bi AvK©vBf hv dvBj msiÿY Ges weZi‡Yi Kv‡R
eëüZ nq| GwU GK ev GKvwaK dvBj I †dvìvi aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i| mvaviYZ
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2. DBbwRc DBRvW© (WinZip Wizard)
DBbwRc K¬¨vwmK (WinZip Classic)t
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GB K¬vwmK gyWwUB Avcbvi Rb¨ gvbvbmB|

DBbwRc DBRvW© (WinZip Wizard)t
Avcwb hw` bZzb KgwcDUvi e¨enviKvix n‡q _v‡Kb A_ev DB‡ÛvR Acv‡iwUs
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evB †÷c DBRvW© cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g wRc dvBj ˆZwii myweav †`‡e|
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DBbwRc DBRvW© e¨envi K‡i dvBj K‡¤cÖk/wRc Kiv t
DBbwRc DBRvW© gy‡Wi ÒWellcomeÓ kxl©K DB‡Ûvi Next evU‡b wK¬K
Kiæb|
Gevi Create a new Zip file AckbwU wbe©vPb Kiæb Ges Next evU‡b wK¬K
Kiæb|

Avcwb †h bv‡g Ges †h †jv‡Kk‡b wRc dvBjwU ˆZwi Ki‡Z Pvb File Name
†U·U e‡· Zv cÖ`vb Kiæb| Avcwb PvB‡j eªvDwRs-Gi gva¨‡gI bvg Ges
†jv‡Kkb wba©viY K‡i w`‡Z cv‡ib|
Avcwb Avcbvi wRc AvK©vB‡f †Kvb †Kvb dvBj ms‡hvRb Ki‡Z Pvb Zv wm‡j±
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cv‡ib|
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†`L‡eb wRc dvBj ˆZwii cÖwµqv ïiæ n‡q †M‡Q Ges wKQyÿ‡Yi g‡a¨B GwU
wb‡Pi DB‡ÛvwU cÖ`k©b Ki‡e| dvBj wRc Kivi cÖwµqv GLv‡bB †kl| Z‡e
Avcwb PvB‡j GB DB‡Ûv †_‡KB wRc dvBjwU‡K †gBj Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GRb¨
Mail this Zip file... evUbwU‡Z wK¬K Kiæb|
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DBbwRc K¬vwmK gyW e¨envi K‡i dvBj K‡¤cÖk/wRc Kiv t
File †gbyi New mve‡gby ev Uzjev‡ii New Archives UzjwU‡Z ( )
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Avcwb †h bv‡g Ges †h †jv‡Kk‡b wRc dvBjwU ˆZwi Ki‡Z Pvb File Name
†U·U e‡· Zv cÖ`vb Kiæb Ges OK evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb| GwU Avcbv‡e GKwU
ÒAddÓ kxl©K GKwU WvqvjM DB‡Ûv cÖ`k©b Ki‡e|

wRc AvK©vBfwU‡Z Avcwb wK wK dvBj ms‡hvRb Ki‡Z Pvb Zv wm‡j± K‡i Add
†`L‡eb wb‡`©wkZ ¯’v‡b Avcbvi wRc dvBjwU ˆZwi n‡q †M‡Q|
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†d¬vwUs †gby †_‡K dvBj ev †dìvi wRc Kiv t
gvB‡µvmd&U& DB‡Ûv‡Ri G·‡cøvivi wfwËK †h‡Kvb Ae¯’vb †_‡K wb‡`©wkZ dvBj
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†gby cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| Avcbvi KgwcDUv‡i hw` DBbwRc h_vh_fv‡e Bb÷j Kiv
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†gbywU †`L‡Z A‡bKUv GiKg n‡e t
dvBj ev †dvìviwU‡K wRc Ki‡Z Avi GKwU wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e gvÎ| Avi †h
AvB‡UgwU‡Z wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e Zv n‡jv Add to Hook2.zip| †`L‡eb D³ dvBj
ev †dìviwUi wWdë bv‡g GKB †jv‡K‡k‡b GKwU wRc dvBj ˆZwi n‡q †M‡Q|
dvBj Avb wRc Kiv t
File †gbyi Open mve‡gby ev Uzjev‡ii Open Archives UzjwU‡Z ( ) wK¬K Kiæb
A_ev kU©KvU Kx Ctrl+O Pvcyb| GwU GwU I‡cb WvqvjM e· cÖ`k©b Ki‡e|
Gevi †h wRc dvBjwU‡K AvbwRc Ki‡Z Pvb Zv wm‡j± K‡i OK Pvcyb|
†`L‡eb cÖavb w¯Œ‡b GwU wRc dvB‡j we`¨gvb dvBjmg~‡ni GKwU wj÷ cÖ`wk©Z

n‡”Q| Gevi evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb A_ev Actions †gbyi Extract mve
†gby e¨envi Kiæb A_ev kU©KvU Kx Shift+E Pvcyb| †`L‡eb G·Uªv± WvqvjM
DB‡ÛvwU cÖ`wk©Z n‡”Q|
Avcwb dvBj¸‡jv‡K †hLv‡b AvbwRc Ki‡Z Pvb GLv‡b Zvi †jv‡Kkb cÖ`vb K‡i
Extract evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb|
wRc dvB‡ji †cÖvcvwU©R †`Lv t
wRc dvBjwU I‡cb K‡i File †gbyi Properties mve‡gby wbe©vPb Kiæb|
†`L‡eb GwU wRc dvBjwUi wewfbœ Z_¨ cÖ`k©b Ki‡Q|
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dvBj I †dvìvi K‡¤cÖkb (Kg‡cÖm&W GÛ wRc †dvìvi)
DB‡ÛvR G·wcÕi Kg‡cÖm&W (wRc) †dvìvi [Compressed (zipped) Folders]
wdPvi e¨envi K‡i Avcwb dvBjm‡gZ †dvìv‡ii AvKvi Kwg‡q G‡b fvP©yqvwj
wW‡¯‹i †¯úm e„w× Ki‡Z cv‡ib| ïay ZvB bq GB K‡¤cÖm&W †dvìvimg~n‡K
Avcwb mvaviY †dvìv‡ii g‡ZvB e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| Z‡e GRb¨ Avcbvi
KgwcDUv‡ii nvW© wW¯‹ cvwU©kbwU (†h WªvB‡fi †dvìvimg~n Avcwb K‡¤cÖm Ki‡Z
Pvb) NTFS d‡g©‡Ui n‡Z n‡e| WªvBf/†dvìvi K‡¤cÖk‡bi Rb¨ wb‡Pi cÖwµqv
Aej¤^b Kiæb|
1. †h WªvBf/†dvìviwU K‡¤cÖk Ki‡Z Pvb Zvi Dci gvDm c‡q›Uvi †i‡L
gvD‡mi Wvb evU‡b wK¬K K‡i cÖ`wk©Z ccAvc †gbyi Properties
mve‡gby‡Z wK¬K Kiæb| GwU GKwU †cÖvcvwU©R DB‡Ûv cÖ`k©b Ki‡e|
2. Gevi Gi Advanced evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb|

3. cÖ`wk©Z Advanced Attributes DB‡Ûv †_‡K
AckbwU‡Z () w`‡q OK evU‡b
wK¬K Kiæb| †dvìv‡i GKvwaK dvBj I mve‡dvìvi _vK‡j GwU GKwU WvqvjM
cÖ`k©b Ki‡e|
4. Gi OK evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb|
†`L‡eb †dvìviwU K‡¤cÖm n‡q †M‡Q| K‡¤cÖm †dvìvimg~n mvaviYZ bxj i‡Oi
†U·‡U cÖ`wk©Z nq|
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K‡¤cÖk Kivi c~‡e© K‡¤cÖk Kivi c‡i
we.`ª. K‡¤cÖm Kivi c~‡e© I c‡i †dvìviwUi mvBR Ges wW‡¯‹ `LjK…Z mvBR
ch©‡eÿY Ki‡j welqwU ¯úó n‡e|
wWwfwW‡Z †WUv Kwc Kiv
wmwW-Gi g‡Zv wWwfwW‡Z †WUv Kwc Kiv hvq| G‡ÿ‡Î wWwfwW WªvB‡f eøvsK
wWwfwW XyKv‡q †WUv wmwW bv wbe©vPb K‡i †WUv wWwfwW wbe©vPb K‡i wmwW ivBU
Kivi g‡Zv Ab¨vb¨ wb‡`©k w`‡Z n‡e|
†cb wW‡¯‹ †WUv msiÿY Kiv
wmwW, wWwfwW, wRc wW‡¯‹i Z_¨ aviYÿgZv †ewk n‡jI G¸‡jv‡Z Z_¨ msÿiY
Kiv Ges covi Rb¨ WªvB‡fi cÖ‡qvRb nq| eZ©gv‡b KgwcDUv‡ii gv`vi‡ev‡W©i
BDGmwe (BDwbfv‡m©j wmwiqvj evm) †cv‡U© d¬vm wW¯‹ ev †cb wW¯‹ jvwM‡q mn‡R
Z_¨ †jLv I cov hvq| AZ¨šÍ nvjKv I mn‡R enb‡hvM¨ Kj‡gi K¨v‡ci g‡Zv
†`L‡Z †cb wW¯‹ d¬wc wW‡¯‹i RvqMv `Lj K‡i‡Q| 32 †gMvevBU †_‡K Avi¤¢
K‡i †cbwW¯‹¸‡jvi m‡e©v”P K¨vcvwmwU cÖvq K‡qK wMMvevBU ch©šÍ|
†cb wW‡¯‹i K¨v‡ci Kfvi/XvKbvwU Ly‡j KgwcDUv‡ii K¨vwms Gi BDGmwe †cv‡U©
mwVKfv‡e jvMv‡Z n‡e| BDGmwe †cvU© gv`vi‡ev‡W© _v‡K| Gi †Lvjv Ask †Kwms
Gi wcQ‡b A_ev mvg‡b _v‡K|

evievi wcQ‡b c¨vb WªvBf eënvi Kiv weiw³Ki, GQvov Gfv‡e gv`vi‡ev‡W©i
BDGmwe †cv‡U© evievi †P‡c †P‡c eënvi Ki‡j †cvU©wU bó n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i|
G‡ÿ‡Î evRv‡i Aí UvKvq AwZwi³ c¨vivjvj BDGmwe †cvU© K¨vej wK‡b eënvi
†cb WªvB‡f †WUv e¨vKAvc †bqvi ci GwUi K¨vc jvwM‡q msiwÿZ ¯’v‡b ivLv
DwPZ| KgwcDUv‡ii BDGmwe †cv‡U© †cb wW¯‹ jvMv‡bvi mgq mZK©Zvi mv‡_
jvMv‡Z n‡e| †Rv‡i Pvc w`‡q jvMv‡j c¨vb wW‡¯‹i gv_vwU euvKv n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i
A_ev †f‡½ †h‡Z cv‡i|
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Aa¨vq-13
Kw¤úDUvi‡K myiwÿZ ivLv
KgwcDUvi A‡bK cÖ‡qvRbxq A_ev †Mvcbxq A_ev †Mvcbxq Z_¨ msiwÿZ
_vK‡Z n‡e| A‰ea †Kvb eënviKvix A_ev Avcbvi Nwbô A`ÿ †Kvb
eënviKvix Avcbvi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z Avcbvi wcwm eënvi K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ gy‡Q
†dj‡Z cv‡i A_ev Kwc K‡i wb‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| Giƒc AevwÂZ †Kvb AvksKv
†`Lv w`‡j Avcwb Avcbvi wm‡÷g‡K cvmIqvW© w`‡q cÖ‡U± Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
G‡ÿ‡Î cvmIqvW©wU Aek¨B g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e| cvmIqvW©wU Avcwb Avcbvi
Wv‡qix ev †bvUey‡K wj‡L ivL‡Z cv‡ib| wm‡÷‡g cvmIqvW© †mU Kivi Rb¨
wb‡Pi c`‡ÿc wbb t
1. cÖ_‡gB Kw¤úDUviwU Pvjy Kiæb| Avi Kw¤úDUviwU hw` BwZ g‡a¨B Pvjy
Ae¯’vq _v‡K Z‡e †m‡ÿ‡Î G‡K wi÷vU© Kiæb|
2. Gevi Kw¤úUv‡ii gwbU‡i Press Del to Enter Setup †jLv †`Lvi mv‡_
mv‡_ wK‡ev‡W©i Delete wK Pvcyb (†Kvb †Kvb gv`vi‡ev‡W©i †ÿ‡Î F1 ev F2
wK Pvc‡Z nq, ev‡qvm †mUAv‡c †XvKvi Rb¨ †Kvb wK wU Pvc‡Z n‡e c`©vi
wb‡Pi w`‡K Zv D‡jøL Kiv _v‡K| cÖ‡qvR‡b Avcwb gv`vi‡ev‡W©i g¨vbyqvjI
†`‡L wb‡Z cv‡ib)| Gevi c`©vq wb‡Pi g‡Zv GKwU w¯Œb †`L‡Z cv‡eb|
Avcbvi w¯‹‡b wKQyUv wfbœZvI †`L‡Z cv‡ib| †m‡ÿ‡Î wPwšÍZ nevi wKQy
‡bB| G‡ì cÖavb KgvÛmg~n g~jZ GKB| †KejgvÎ ev‡qv‡mi ‡Kv¤úvbx I
fvm©‡bi cv_©‡Kï Rb¨ †gby‡Z wKQz ZviZg¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i| GLv‡b Avgiv †h
ev‡qvm eY©bv w`‡qwQ Avcbvi KgwcDUv‡ii ev‡qvm †miKg bv n‡j Avcwb
wewfbœ †gby‡Z wM‡q wmKzwiwU wm‡÷g ev cvmIqvW© AckbwU wbe©vPb Kiæb|
3. Gevi  Kx †P‡c Advanced BIOS Featutes wbe©vPb K‡i GÈvi w`b|
4. G‡ÿ‡Î Avcwb AviI GKwU w¯Œb †`L‡Z cv‡eb|
5. Gevi  Kx †P‡c †P‡c Security Option wbe©vPb K‡i G›Uvi w`b|
G‡ÿ‡Î System/Setup kxl©K `y‡Uv Ackb Avm‡e| System wbe©vPb
K‡i G›Uvi w`b| †Kvb †Kvb ev‡qv‡m AckbwU wbe©vP‡bi ci wK‡ev‡W©i
PageUp ev Page Down ev + ev - wK †P‡c gvb cwieZ©b Ki‡Z nq|
system wbe©vwPZ bv K‡i Setup wbe©vwPZ Ki‡j ïaygvÎ ev‡qvm †mUAv‡c
cvmIqvW© †mwUs n‡e| †KD hv‡Z ev‡qvm †mUAv‡c Xz‡K Gi †mwUs
cwieZ©b Ki‡Z bv cv‡i †mRb¨ ev‡qvm †mUAv‡c cvmIqvW© w`‡q cÖ‡U± Kiv

nq| Avcwb PvB‡j G ai‡bi cvmIqvW©I cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †Kvb †Kvb
ev‡qvm Dfq ai‡bi cvmIqvW© ‡mU Kivi myweav †`q|
6. Gevi Esc Kx †P‡c cÖavb w¯Œ‡b wd‡i Avmyb|
7. Gevi Set User Password AckbwU wbe©vPb K‡i GÈvi w`b|
Kw¤úDUvi Gevi Avcbvi Kv‡Q cvmIqvW© A_©vr †h †Mvcb bv¤¦viwUi
wfwË‡Z Kw¤úDUvi‡K jK K‡i ivL‡Z Pvb †m bv¤¦viwU Rvb‡Z PvB‡e|
Avcbvi cÖZ¨vwkZ b¤¦iwU h_vh_fv‡e cÖ`vb Kiæb Ges wK‡ev‡W©i G›Uvi
wK Pvcyb|
8. †h‡nZy cvmIqvW© GKwU m¤úk©KvZi welq †m‡nZy hv‡Z †Kvb iKg fyj
bv _v‡K †mRb¨ Kw¤úDUvi cybivq GB b¤¦iwU cÖ`vb Ki‡Z ej‡e|
cybivq b¤¦iwU cÖ`vb Kiæb|
9. Gevi wK‡ev‡W© F10 wK †P‡c A_ev SAVE & EXIT SETUP
AckbwU wbe©vPb K‡i G›Uvi w`b| GwU wb‡Pi evZ©v cÖ`k©b Ki‡e|
SAVE TO CMOS and EXIT (Y/N)?
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10. Y †P‡c G›Uvi w`b| Kw¤úDUvi cybivq Pvjy n‡e Ges c`©vq Enter
Password : evZ©v Avm‡e| wb‡Pi wP‡Î †`Lyb
11. Gevi mwVK cvmIqvW©wU UvBc K‡i GÈvi w`b| †`L‡eb Kw¤úDUvi Zvi
mvavib wbq‡g Pj‡Q|
†bvU t cvmIqvW© UvBc Kivi mgq Kw¤úDUvi eY© ev msL¨v bv †`wL‡q ïay
ZviKv wPý (*) †`Lvq| cvmIqvW© cÖ`vbiZ Ae¯’vq Acbvi mv‡_ _vKv
AbvKvw•LZ †KD hv‡Z c`©vq w`‡K ZvwK‡q cvmIqvW© †R‡b wb‡Z bv cv‡i †mRb¨
G eë¯’v| ev‡qvm †f‡` GB cvmIqv‡W©i Aÿi msL¨v Kg †ewk n‡Z cv‡i| †Kvb
†Kvb ev‡qvm m‡e©v”P 3wU, †KvbwU 5 Aevi †KvbwU 6wU Aÿi cvmIqvW© wn‡m‡e
wb‡Z cv‡i|
we‡kl `ªóe¨ t Avcwb hw` †Kvb Kvi‡b cvmIqvW© fy‡j hvb Ges wKQy‡Z Zv
D×vi Ki‡Z bv cv‡ib Z‡e †m‡ÿ‡Î Kw¤úDUvi Pvjbvi GKgvÎ c×wZ n‡jv
gv`vi‡ev‡W©i JP2 Rv¤úvi(wm‡gvm e¨vUvixi wbK‡U Aew¯’Z) eënvi K‡i Gi
CMOS RAM -†K wWmPvR© Kiv| Z‡e G wel‡q Avcbvi AwfÁZv bv _vK‡e
ev Avcwb mw›`nvb n‡j AwfÁR‡bi civgk© I mvnvh¨ wbb| GQvovI evB cvwms
wKIqvW© ev wWdë cvmIqvW© eënvi K‡iI G ai‡bi mgvavb Kiv m¤¢e| Z‡e
G‡ÿ‡Î Avcbv‡K GB evB cvwms wKIqvW© ev wWdë cvmIqvW©mg~n Rvb‡Z n‡e|
G wel‡q AviI Rvb‡Z B›Uvi‡b‡Ui mvnvh¨ wbb|
cvmIqvW© fz‡j †M‡j wK Ki‡eb?
me mgm¨viB mgvavb _v‡K Zv hZ RwUjB †nvK bv †Kb| Z‡e RwUjZv cwinvi
Kivi Rb¨ c~e©mZK©ZvB me‡P‡q eo mgvavb| cvmIqvW© fz‡j †M‡j ev nvwi‡q
†dj‡j cÖ_‡g Zv †LuvR Kiæb| Luy‡R bv †c‡j m¤¢ve¨ cvmIqvW© w`‡q cixÿv
Kiæb| Zv‡ZI KvR bv n‡j A‰eh©¨ bv n‡q wb‡Pi c`‡ÿc wbb|
 Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©‡ki mv‡_ cvmIqvW©wUI ev‡qv‡mi CMOS
(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) †mUAvc †cÖvMÖv‡g msiwÿZ
_v‡K| e¨vUvwi PvwjZ GK ai‡bi wPc nj CMOS †mwUsm Gi cÖvYkw³| GwU
memgq Pj‡Z _v‡K GgbwK KgwcDUvi Ad _vKv Ae¯’vqI| CMOS †mwUsm
†Nu‡U cvmIqvW© Luy‡R cvIqv A‡bK KwVb KvR| G e¨vcv‡i `ÿ †KD _vK‡j
Zvi mvnvh¨ wb‡Z cv‡ib|

 †fÛi ev‡qvm wbg©vZv‡ì kiYvcbœ n‡Z cv‡ib wm‡÷‡gi wWdë cvmIqvW©
Rvbvi Rb¨| hw` cvIqv hvq Zvn‡j mn‡RB mgm¨vi mgvavb n‡e| ev‡qvm
wbg©vZvi B-†gBj G¨v‡Wªm †R‡b Zv‡ì mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
 KgwcDUvi Ly‡j wm‡÷g g¨vbyqvj †Nu‡U †`L‡Z n‡e gv`vi‡evW© Rv¤žvi Luy‡R
cvIqv hvq wKbv| hw` cvIqv hvq Zvn‡j †mwU eënvi K‡i cvmIqvW© wi‡mU
Kiv hv‡e| hw` bv cvIqv hvq Zvn‡j Ggb GKwU Rv¤úvi Luy‡R †ei Ki‡Z
n‡e †hwU w`‡q †MvUv CMOS †K wi‡mU Kiv hvq| GwU cvIqv †M‡j Gi
mvnv‡h¨ CMOS †K bZzb K‡i †mU Ki‡Z n‡e|
 Dc‡iv³ †Kvb mgvavbB bv †c‡j me©‡k‡l hv Ki‡Z n‡e Zvnj wmgm
e¨vUvwiUv Ly‡j wmgm wmwUs Kiv| G‡ÿ‡Î g¨vbyqvwjø wi‡mU Ki‡Z n‡e|
Avcbvi hw` G e¨vcv‡i AwfÁZv bv _v‡K Zvn‡j wmgm wi‡mU Ki‡Z †M‡j
wn‡Z wecixZ n‡Z cv‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î AwfÁ‡ì kiYvcbœ nIqvB eyw×gv‡bi
KvR|
†dvìvi jK Kiv
†dvìvi jK md&UIq¨viwU Avcbvi e¨w³MZ dvBj, †dvìvi, Qwe BZ¨vw`
cvmIqvW© cÖ‡U‡±W Kivi myweav †`q, †hb †Kvb Ag‡bvbxZ e¨w³ AcÖZ¨vwkZfv‡e
Zv A¨vK‡mm Ki‡Z ev †`L‡Z bv cv‡i| GwU gyn~‡Z©B K‡qK wMMvevB‡Ui dvBj
ev †dvìvi jK K‡i †dj‡Z cv‡i, hv Ab¨ †h‡Kvb
axiMwZi Gbwµckb †cÖvMÖv‡gi g‡Zv bq| ZvQvov
Gi eënvi GZB mnR †h, Avcwb Wª¨vM GÛ Wªc I
K‡qKwU wK¬‡Ki gva¨‡g gyn~‡Z©B †h‡Kvb †dvìvi
jK Ges AvbjK Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †Kvb dvBj ev
†dvìvi jK Kiv Ae¯’vq Zv wi‡bBg Kiv, wWwjU
Kiv, ixW Kiv, GgbwK †`LvI m¤¢e bq| Avi nüv,
GB dvBj ev †dvìvimg~n fvBivm n‡ZI gy³
_v‡K| DB‡ÛvR G·‡cøviv‡i †Zv bqB, jK Kiv
dvBj ev †dvìvi Wm gy‡WI A¨v‡·m Kiv m¤¢e
bq| ïay ZvB bq, Avcwb hw` Avcbvi KgwcDUvi
Ab¨ †Kvb Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gI ivb K‡ib ZeyI
GB jKK…Z †dvìvi †`L‡Z cvi‡eb bv| †gvU
K_vq, dvBj ev †dvìvi jK Kivi †ÿ‡Î GwU GKwU kw³kvjx Ges `y‡f©`¨
md&UIq¨vi| GwU DB‡Ûv‡Ri mKj fvm©b Ges me ai‡bi dvBj wm‡÷‡gi wW¯‹
WªvB‡fi mv‡_ mvejxjfv‡e KvR K‡i|
†dvìvi jK †cÖvMÖvgwU Avcwb hLb cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv ivb Ki‡eb ZLb GwU GKwU
†g‡mRmn GKwU DB‡Ûv cÖ`k©b Ki‡e| Gevi Gi OK evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb|
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 Gevi Gi GKwU cvmIqvW© cÖ`vb K‡i Set evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb|
 Gevi cyiivq cvmIqvW©wU cÖ`vb K‡i Confirm evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb|
 wKQyÿ‡Yi g‡a¨B wb‡Pi WvqvjMwUm‡gZ †dvìvi j‡Ki cÖavb B›Uvi‡dm
cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|
 OK evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb| B›Uvi‡dm I‡c‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ GwU GKwU
jKvi †dvìviI I‡cb Ki‡e| Avcwb †hLv‡b †h‡Kvb †dvìvi KvU K‡i
†c÷ K‡i Gi evU‡b wK¬‡Ki gva¨‡g D³ dvBj ev †dvìvi
cÖ‡U± Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
wPÎ t †dvìvi jK md&UIq¨viwUi mgwš^Z B›Uvi‡dm

†dvìvi jK Kiv t
 Avcwb Avcbvi ¯úk©KvZi mg¯Í dvBj Ges †dvìvi KvU K‡i GB
C:Program FilesFolder Lock †dvìv‡i †c÷ Kiæb| mg¯Í
dvBj h_vh_fv‡e †c÷ n‡q hvIqvi ci evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb|
†`L‡eb GwU dvBj ev †dvìvi mdjfv‡e jK n‡q‡Q Zvi GKwU †g‡mR
w`‡q †cÖvMÖvg †_‡K †ei n‡q G‡m‡Q|
jK Kiv †dvìvi AvbjK Kiv
jK Kiv †dvìvi AvbjK Ki‡Z †dvìvi jK †cÖvMÖvgwU
I‡cb Kiæb| Gevi GwU Avcbvi Kv‡Q cvmIqvW©
Rvb‡Z PvB‡e| Avcwb Avcbvi cvmIqvW© b¤^iwU
h_vh_fv‡e cÖ`vb Kiæb| †h‡nZz Gi cvmIqvW© †Km
†mbwmwUf †m‡nZz Kx †ev‡W©i K¨vcm jK (Caps
Lock) Kx'wU wK Ae¯’vq Av‡Q †m w`‡K jÿ¨ ivLyb|
Gevi OK evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb| †`L‡eb GwU jKK…Z
†dvìviwU Ly‡j w`‡q‡Q|
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†dvìvi jK bv K‡i †cÖvMÖvg †_‡K †ei nIqv t
Avcwb hw` KL‡bv †dvìvi jK †cÖvMÖvg
†_‡K †ei nIqvi mgq jK evUbwU †P‡c
†dvìvi jK bv K‡ib ev Ki‡Z fy‡j hvb
Z‡e †m‡ÿ‡Î GwU wb‡Pi g‡Zv GKwU
DB‡Ûv cÖ`k©b Ki‡e|
Avcwb hw` †dvìvi jK K‡i †cÖvMvg
†_‡K †ei n‡Z Pvb Z‡e †m‡ÿ‡Î Lock
Folder and Exit evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb, bv PvB‡j Exit without
Locking evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb|
Ackb wba©viY t
Avcwb PvB‡j †dvìvi jK
md&UIq¨vwUi wewfbœ Ackb
cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GRb¨ Gi
Ackb evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb| G‡ÿ‡Î
wb‡Pi DB‡ÛvwU cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|
Avcwb GLvb †_‡K Gi w¯‹b
cwieZ©b K‡i w`‡Z cv‡ib, gv÷vi
Kx Gbvej Ki‡Z cv‡ib, wi‡m›U
WKz‡g›U Uª¨vKmg~n gy‡Q w`‡Z cv‡ib, cvmIqvW© cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges
†cÖvMÖvgwU AvbBb÷j K‡i w`‡Z cv‡ib|
gv÷vi Kx Gbvej Ki‡Z Avcbvi †dvìvi jK md&UIq¨viwU‡K dzj fvm©b
md&UIq¨vi n‡Z n‡e| Ab¨_vq GwU wb‡Pi WvqjMwU cÖ`k©b Ki‡e|
mgm¨v I mgvavb t
1. Avcwb hw` †dvìvi j‡K wba©viY Kiv Avcbvi cvmIqvW©wU fy‡j hvb Z‡e
†m‡ÿ‡Î Avcwb gv÷vi Kx (hv †Kej dzj fvm©‡bi †ÿ‡Î †iwR÷vW©
eënviKvixMYB †c‡q _v‡Kb) eënvi K‡i GB mgm¨v †_‡K gyw³ †c‡Z
cv‡ib| Avi nüv, gv÷vi KxÕwU ïay Avcbvi KgwcDUv‡iB KvR Ki‡e| †h
Kvi‡Y n¨vKv‡ii Ke‡j coviI †Zgb †Kvb m¤¢vebv †bB|
2. hw` †Kvb Kvi‡Y Avcwb †dvìvi jK md&UIq¨viwUi locker †dvìv‡i ivLv
Avcbvi dvBj I †dvìvi Lyu‡R bv cvb Ges †dvìviwU G‡Kev‡iB Lvwj

cÖ`wk©Z nq Z‡e †m‡ÿ‡Î Avcwb GB Lvwj †dvìviwU‡K Ab¨ †Kvb †jv‡Kk‡b
gyf Kiæb A_ev wWwjU K‡i w`b| Gevi bZzb K‡i Avcbvi cvmIqvW© w`‡q
†dvìvi j‡K cÖ‡ek Kiæb| Avkv Kwi Avcbvi ivLv dvBj I †dvìvimg~n
Avcwb Lyu‡R cv‡eb|
3. hw` Avcbvi †dvìvi jK md&UIq¨viwUi master key AckbwU wWR¨vej
Kiv _v‡K Z‡e †m‡ÿ‡Î g~j cvmIqvW© Qvov jKK…Z †dvìviwU I‡cb Kiv
m¤¢e bq|
BDRvi GKvD›U ˆZwi Kiv
DB‡ÛvR G·wc‡Z BDRvi GKvD›U ˆZwi K‡i Zv‡Z cvmIqvW© w`‡q Ab¨
eënviKvixi cÖ‡ekvwaKvi msiÿY Kiv hvq| GKB KgwcDUvi GKvwaK e¨w³
eënvi Kivi †ÿ‡Î Giƒc BDRvi GKvD›U ˆZwi K‡i cvmIqvW© w`‡q ivLvUv
fvj|
1| Start †gby †_‡K Control Panel wK¬K K‡i K‡›Uªvj c¨v‡bj I‡cb Kiæb|
2| Users Accounts AvBK‡b Wvej-wK¬K Kiæb| DBRvW© cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|
3| Create a new account wjs‡K wK¬K Kiæb| wbgœiƒc DBRvW© cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|
whwb KgwcDUvi eënvi Ki‡Z Pvb Type a name for the new account
wd‡ìi g‡a¨ Zvi bvg wj‡L Next evUb wK¬K Kiæb| wbgœiƒc DBRvW©
Avm‡e|
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GB DB‡ÛvwU‡Z Type a new password N‡i Avcbvi cvmIqvW©wU cÖ`vb
Kiæb|
Gevi cvmIqvW©wU‡K wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ Type the new password again to
Confirm N‡i cybivq cvmIqvW©wU Pvcyb| cvmIqvW©wU fy‡j †M‡jI †hb †Kvb
GKwU wn›Um †`‡L Zv g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡ib †mRb¨ Password hint †U·U e‡·
Avcbvi cvmIqv‡W©i cÖvmw½K GKwU wn›U cÖ`vb Kiæb|
Gevi Create Password evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb|
†`L‡eb cieZx©‡Z D³ BDRvi wn‡m‡e DB‡ÛvR G·wc‡Z jM Bb Ki‡Z PvB‡j
GwU cÖ_‡gB Avcbvi cvmIqvW© Rvb‡Z PvB‡e| †KejgvÎ mwVK cvmIqvW© cÖ`vb
K‡i -> evU‡b Pvc‡jB DB‡Ûv‡R jMBb Kiv hv‡e Ab¨_vq bq|
KgwcDUv‡ii cvidi‡gÝ evov‡bv
cvidi‡gÝ evov‡Z †mvqvc dvBj AcwUgvB‡Rkb †mvqvc (Swap File) nj
GKwU wn‡Wb DB‡ÛvR wm‡÷g hv‡K DB‡ÛvR fvP©yqvj †g‡gvwi wnmv‡e eënvi
K‡i| fvPz©qvj †gv‡gwi nj DB‡Ûv†Ri GKwU we‡kl †KŠkj hvi gva¨‡g †cÖvMÖv‡gi
cÖ‡qvRbxq †g‡gvwii Rb¨ nvW©wW‡¯‹i Ask‡K i¨vg wnmv‡e eënvi K‡i| DB‡ÛvR
wfwËK †cÖvMÖvg Pvjv‡Z A‡bK †g‡gvwi cÖ‡qvRb nq| GK mv‡_ GKvwaK †cÖvMÖvg
Pvjv‡Z A‡bK †g‡gvwi cÖ‡qvRb nq| GK mv‡_ GKvwaK †cÖvMÖvg Pvjy Ki‡j A_ev
eo †Kvb dvBj ˆZwi Ki‡j Zv hw` mshy³ i¨v‡gi †P‡q †ewk nq Zvn‡j †mvqvc
dvBj nvW©wW‡¯‹i Ask‡K i¨vg wnmv‡e eënvi K‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î Pvwn`vgZ †mvqvc
dvBj Zvi AvKvi †QvU eo K‡i| cÖ‡qvRb bv n‡j wgwbgvg mvBR k~Y¨ Ges
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cÖ‡qvRb n‡j evov‡bv Gme Kv‡R DB‡Ûv‡Ri MwZ wKQyUv gš’i Kiv nq| †m
wn‡me K‡i †mvqvc dvB‡ji wgwbgvg mvBR wbw`©ó K‡i w`‡j DBwÛ‡Rvi
cvidi‡gÝ e„w× cvq| †mvqvc dvB‡ji wgwbgvg mvBR KZ w`‡eb Zv wba©viY
Kivi fvj †KŠkj nj Avcwb †h me †cÖvMÖvg wb‡q mPivPi KvR K‡ib †mme
†cÖMÖvg GK mv‡_ I‡cb K‡i (†hgbt IqvW©, †cB›U, †bU‡¯‹c †bwf‡MUi,
BD‡Wviv) †mvqvc dvB‡ji mvBR KZ Zv †`Lyb| †mvqvc dvBjwU iæU wW‡i±wi
C: †Z A_ev C:Windows G _v‡K| G·‡cøviv‡i wM‡q †mvqvc dvBj
Win386.swp Gi Dci gvDm c‡q›Uvi wb‡q gvD‡mi Wvb †evZvg †P‡c kU©KvU
†gby †_‡K Properties wbe©vPb Ki‡j †mvqvc dvB‡ji mvBR †`Lv‡e| †hgbt
†mvqvc dvB‡ji mvBR wba©viY Kivi Rb¨ t
 †W¯‹U‡ci My comptuer G gvDm c‡q›Uvi wb‡q gvD‡mi Wvb †evZvg
†P‡c Properities wbe©vPb Kiæb| A_ev K‡›Uªvj c¨v‡b‡ji System
AvBK‡b Wvej wK•K Kiæb|
 Advanced U¨v‡e wK¬K Kiæb|
 Performance Gi Settings evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb|

 Avevi Advanced U¨v‡e wK¬K K‡i Virtual Memory Gi Change
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 Initial size : †U·U e‡· wgwbgvg mvBR wba©viY Kiæb|
 Maximum : †U·U e‡· g¨vw·gvg mvBR wba©viY Kiæb|
Gfv‡e Avcwb †mvqvc dvBj AcwUgvB‡Rkb K‡i DB‡Ûv‡Ri cvidi‡gÝ evov‡Z
cv‡i|
÷vU© †gby †_‡K AcÖ‡qvRbxq dvBj ev` †`qv
÷vU© †gby †_‡K AcÖ‡qvRbxq †cÖvMÖvg ev` w`‡q DB‡Ûv‡Ri cvidi‡gÝ evov‡bv
hvq| †Kvb †cÖvMÖvg ev` †`qvi Rb¨
 Start  Settings  Taskbar & Start Menu wb‡`©k w`b|
 Start Menu U¨v‡e wK¬K K‡i cÖ`wk©Z WvqvjM e· †_‡K Customize
evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb| c`©vq Avm‡e
 Remove evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb| c`©vq Avm‡e

 †h †cÖvMÖvgwU gyQ‡Z Pvb †mwU wbe©vPb Ki‡Z Remove evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb|
KwgwcDUvi µ¨vk I Zvi cÖwZKv‡ii Dcvq
DB‡ÛvR95/98 eënviKvixiv A‡bK mgq "This Program has perform an
illegal Operation" G g¨v‡mRwUi m¤§yLxb nb| g¨v‡mRwU cÖ`wk©Z n‡j †K¬vR
Ki‡Z PvB‡j KgwcDUvi wi-÷vU© nq G‡Z K‡i eënviKvix Zvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZ
Avb‡mf Kiv KvRwU nvwi‡q †d‡jb| GQvovI A‡bK mgq KgwcDUvi n¨vs n‡q
hvq A_ev Avcbv Avcwb wi-÷vU© n‡q eënviKvixi ÿwZ K‡i _v‡K| nVvr K‡i
AevwÂZ Giƒc Kg©Kv‡Û wcwmwi ¯^vfvweK Kvh©µg‡K eÜ K‡i †`qv‡K wm‡÷g
µ¨vk ejv nq| Gi KviY AbymÜvb Ki‡Z wM‡q cÖ_‡g †h welqwUi cÖwZ
we‡klÁ‡ì `„wó c‡o Zv n‡jv eZ©gvb Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷gmg~‡ni gvÎvwZwi³
†KvW| †h Abycv‡Z †cÖvMÖvwgs †KvW iPbv Kiv nq †m Abycv‡Z †cÖvMÖvwgs evMm
wbiƒc‡b D‡Ï‡k¨ cixÿv wbixÿvi Rb¨ ch©vß eë¯’v †bqv nq bv| d‡j wKQy evM
†_‡KB hvq| Avi GiB djkÖæwZ‡Z wm‡m÷g µ¨vk K‡i| wm‡÷g µ¨v‡ki G
KviYwU QvovI AviI A‡bK KviY i‡q‡Q| hwÌ m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c G‡ì kbv³KiY
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m¤¢e bq Z‡e mPivPi †hme KviY wcwm µ¨vk K‡i †m¸‡jv wb‡P ms‡ÿ‡c eY©bv
Kiv nj t
 ˆZwiK…Z †cÖvMÖv‡g †KvwWs Gi `ye©jZv I eûjZv|
 wKQy †KvW evi evi wbe©vn n‡q Amxg jy‡ci m„wó Kivi Kvi‡Y|
 Ach©vß †g‡gvwii Kvi‡Y|
 eënviKvixi AhZœ Avi Ae‡njvq KgwcDUvi eënvi Kivi Kvi‡Y|
 wbæ gv‡bi nvW©Iq¨v‡ii Kvi‡Y|
 evMhy³ †eUv fvm©‡bi md&UIq¨vi eënv‡ii Kvi‡Y|
 fvBiv‡mi Avµg‡Yi Kvi‡Y|
 gv`vi‡ev‡W©i †g‡gvwi úU Ges i¨vg ú‡Ui avZzi Awg‡ji Kvi‡Y|
µ¨vk cÖwZKvi t
 hZUv m¤¢e Kg md&UIq¨vi Bb÷j Kiæb|
 i¨vg †ewk K‡i Bb÷j Kiæb|
 ÷vU©Av‡c AcÖ‡qvRbxq †cÖvMÖvg evwZj K‡i w`b|
 GK mv‡_ †ewk md&UIq¨vi (we‡kl K‡i MÖvwdK wWRvB‡bi) Pvjv‡eb bv|
 fvj gv‡bi nvW©Iq¨vi eënvi Kiæb| Kzwjs d¨vb, cvIqvi mvcøvB I
K¨ve‡ji †ÿ‡Î wKQy UvKv †ewk jvM‡jI fvjUvB wKbyb| fvj e¨v‡Ûi
i¨vg eënvi Kiæb|
 md&UIq¨v‡ii †eUv fvm©b me©`v cwinvi Kiæb|
 wbqwgZfv‡e ¯‹¨vbwW¯‹, wWd«vM †cÖvMvg Pvjbv Kiæb|
 cÖ‡qvRb ey‡S †mvqvc dvB‡ji mvBR wba©viY K‡i w`b|
 wewfbœ K‡¤úv‡b‡›Ui Avc‡WU WªvBfmg~n eënvi Kiæb| G e¨vcv‡i
cÖ¯‘ZKvix cÖwZôv‡bi I‡qemvBU †_‡K WvDb †jvW K‡i wb‡Z cv‡ib|
 wewfbœ ai‡bi µ¨vk cÖ‡U±i BDwUwjwU †cÖvMÖvg eënvi Kiæb| †hgb t
 PC Medic 97 (www.nai.com)
 Real Help Extra Strength (www.quarterdeck.com)
 First Aid 98 Delux (www.cybermedia.com)
 Norton Crash Guard (www.symantic.com)
 Safe and Sound (http://www.nai.com)
Gme µ¨vk cÖ‡U±i wm‡÷g µ¨vk n‡Z iÿv n‡Z iÿv K‡i| µ¨vk n‡Z
iÿv Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j I Avb‡mfW †WUv †mf Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|

Aa¨vq-14
KgwcDUvi fvBivm I Gw›UfvBivm
KgwcDUvi fvBivm
KgwcDUvi fvBivm nj Ggb GKwU †cÖvMÖvg hv GKwU aŸsmKvix/mš¿vmx wn‡m‡e
wb‡R‡K (A_©vr Gi Gw·wKD‡Uej Ask‡K) Ab¨vb¨ †cÖvMÖv‡gi mv‡_ †m‡U w`‡q Gi
msµgY NUvq Ges ch©vqµ‡g Gi aŸsmh‡Ái we¯‘…wZi wbðqZv weavb K‡i|
cÖKvivšÍ‡i G msµwgZ †cÖvMÖvg¸‡jv fvBiv‡mi n‡q Ab¨vb¨ AmsµwgZ
†cÖvMÖvg¸‡jv‡Z msµgY NUvq| hvi d‡j cÖ_‡gv³ †cÖvMÖvg¸‡jv g~j fvBiv‡mi
n‡q Ab¨vb¨ fv‡jv †cÖvMÖvg¸‡jv‡Z msµgY NUvq|
fvBivm KgwcDUv‡ii wK ÿwZ K‡i?
wb‡¤œ ms‡ÿ‡c fvBiv‡mi ÿwZKviK wKQy welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj gvÎ t
 KgwcDUvi Pj‡Z Pj‡Z nVvr w¯’i (Hang) n‡q Kvh©µg ¯’wMZ K‡i †`q|
G Ae¯’vq KgwcDUvi cybivq Pvjy Ki‡Z nq weavq †mf bv Kiv A‡bK
g~•jëvb Z_¨ nvwi‡q hvq|
 ¸i€Z¡c•Y© A‡bK ¯’vcbvq †cÖvMÖvg IjU-cvjU K‡i ¯^vfvweK Kvh©µg e¨nZ
Kiv QvovI cÖf‚Z ÿwZ mvab Ki‡Z cv‡i| †hgb t †gwWK¨vj †iKW©,
GqviUªvwdK K‡›Uªvj Ges Ab¨vb¨ wbivcËv Kvh©µg IjU-cvjU K‡i gvby‡li
g„Zz¨ ch©š• NUv‡Z cv‡i|
 fvBivm mvgvb¨ K‡qK weU †WUv cwieZ©b K‡i wnmve-wbKv‡ki weivU
†ni‡di K‡i (†hgb- e¨vswKs †m±‡i) weivU A_©‰bwZK ÿwZ mvab Ki‡Z
cv‡i|
 wW‡¯‹ msiwÿZ AwZ g•jëvb Z_¨ nvwi‡q †dj‡Z cv‡i|
 ¸iæZ¡c•Y© eûj eëüZ A‡bK †cÖvMÖv‡gi Gw·wKD‡Uej dvBj‡K AvµvšÍ• K‡i
KivÞ K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i| d‡j G †cÖvMÖvgwU Avi ivb Ki‡e bv|
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 cÖwZØ›Øx weivU †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwbi KgwcDUvivBRW K‡c©v‡iU wm‡÷‡g
AbycÖ‡ek K‡i †Mvcbxq A‡bK Z_¨ cvPvi K‡i †Kv¤úvbxi weivU ÿwZmvab
Ki‡Z cv‡i|
 †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv fvBivm nvW©wW¯‹ dig¨vU K‡i ¸iæZ¡c•Y© me †cÖvMÖvg I Z_¨
bó K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i|
 fvBivm Zvi eske„w×i Kvh©µg Ki‡Z wM‡q KgwcDUv‡ii MwZ‡K gš’i K‡i
†`q|
 nvW©wW‡¯‹i FAT (File Allocation Table) bó K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z
K‡i Wm †Kv‡bv dvBj‡KB wbw`©ó wVKvbvq Lyu‡R cv‡e bv|
 wKQy fvBivm nvW©wW‡¯‹i eyU †m±i Avµvš• K‡i| Avµvš• nvW©wW¯‹ dig¨vU
Kiv Qvov Avi †Kv‡bv Dcvq _v‡K bv| dig¨vU Kivi d‡j A‡bK g•jëvb
dvBj/DcvË nviv‡Z nq|
 wKQy wKQy fvBivm wmwcBD Gi wiW/ivBU ÿgZv bó K‡i †`q|
 nvW©wW‡¯‹ Bad Sector evovq|
 †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwbi I‡qe †cB‡Ri Z_¨ weK…Z K‡i eëmvwqK D‡Ïk¨ wedj
Kiv QvovI fveg•wZ© bó K‡i weivU ÿwZmvab Ki‡Z cv‡i|
 wW‡¯‹ wewfbœ bv‡g †dvìvi ˆZwi K‡i| bv ey‡S Wvej wK¬K K‡i Gme †dvìv‡i
XyK‡Z †M‡j KgwcDUv‡ii wm‡÷g‡K bó K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i|
 KgcDUv‡ii mv‡_ †Kv‡bv †cb WªvBf mshy³ Ki‡j Zv‡Z .ini dvBj ˆZwi
K‡i|
KgwcDUvi fvBivm Qov‡bvi gva¨gmg~n
evB‡ii nvW© wW¯‹, wmwW, wWwfwW, d¬¨vk wW¯‹ (†cb WªvBf) ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †WUv
msiÿK gva¨‡g (†g‡gvwi w÷K) †cÖvMÖvg ev †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi mgq|
B›Uvi‡bU I B-†gB‡ji gva¨‡g|
†bUIqvK© wm‡÷‡gi GK KgwcDUv‡ii mv‡_ Ab¨ KgwcDUv‡ii A_ev mvf©v‡ii
†cÖvMÖvg A_ev †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g|
cvB‡i‡UW mdUIq¨vi eënv‡ii gva¨‡g|

fvBiv‡mi gviYv¯¿• t Gw›UfvBivm †cÖvMÖvg
cÖwZw`b mviv we‡k¦i wewfbœ ¯’vb †_‡K AmsL¨ bZzb bZzb fvBivm m„wó n‡”Q| Gme
fvBiv‡mi Dci M‡elYv K‡i Gi cÖwZ‡laK A_©vr Gw›UfvBivmI ˆZwi n‡”Q|
fvBiv‡mi mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q Gw›UfvBivm ˆZwi Kiv A‡bK mgq, †gav I A‡_©i
cÖ‡qvRb| ZvB e„nr †Kv‡bv evwYwR¨K cÖwZôvb Qvov Avc‡W‡UW Gw›UfvBivm
†cÖvMÖvg ˆZwi Kiv Am¤¢e| eZ©gvb we‡k¦ RbwcÖq K‡qKwU Gw›UfvBivm n‡jv t
1. GwfwR (AVG)
2. Avfv¯Í (AVAST!)
3. Avwfiv (Avira)
4. K¨vmcv‡iw¯‹ (Kaspersky)
5. g¨vKGwdi fvBivm ¯‹¨vb (McAffy’s Virus Scan)
6. bU©b Gw›UfvBivm (Norton Anti Virus - NAV)
7. AvBweGg Gw›UfvBivm (IBM AntiVirus)
8. wcwm wmwjb (PC Cillin)
9. B‡mU bW32 (Eset NOD32)
10. weUwW‡dÛvi (Bitdefender)
11. †Kveiv (Cobra) [evsjv‡`kx]
12. K‡gv‡Wv Gw›UfvBivm (Comodo AntiVirus)
13. wcwm Uzjm Gw›UfvBivm (PC Tools AntiVirus)
14. †RvbGjvg© Gw›UfvBivm (ZoneAlarm AntiVirus)
15. cvÛv Gw›UfvBivm (Panda AntiVirus)
GQvovI AviI A‡bK Gw›UfvBivm †cÖvMÖvg cvIqv hvq| †Kv‡bv Gw›U fvBivm
eënvi Ki‡jB n‡e bv; Gi me©‡kl fvm©b I Avc‡WU eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|
Gw›UfvBivm evwYwR¨Kfv‡e evRv‡i wKb‡Z cvIqv hvq| êafv‡e µq Ki‡j Gi
Avc‡WU Ask webvg•‡j¨ B›Uvi‡bU †_‡K cvIqv hvq| wKQz wKQz Gw›UfvBiv‡mi wd«
fvm©b B›Uvi‡b‡U cvIqv hvq †m¸‡jv eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| †m¸‡jvi Avc‡WU
B›Uv‡b‡UB Avcwb cv‡eb|
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KgwcDUvi fvBivm cÖwZKvi
cÖwZw`b mviv we‡k¦ A‡bK bZzb bZzb fvBivm ˆZwi n‡”Q| Gme fvBivm c„w_exi
me©Î `ªæZ Qwo‡q hv‡”Q| fvBiv‡m Avµvš• n‡j nZvk nIqvi wKQyB †bB| me
mgm¨viB mgvavb i‡q‡Q| Z‡e G‡ÿ‡Î Avcbvi MvwdjwZi Rb¨ nq‡Zv mgvav‡bi
mv‡_ Pig g~•jÏ w`‡Z n‡e| fvBivm msµg‡Yi e¨vcv‡i wbwðZ n‡j mv‡_ mv‡_
KvR eÜ K‡i Lye `ªæZ msµgY gy³ nIqvi Kv‡R †b‡g co‡Z n‡e| GKv‡R hZ
wej¤^ Ki‡eb msµgY Z‡Zv †ewk Qov‡e Ges GK mgq nq‡Zv Avcbvi g~•jëvb
cÖ‡qvRbxq †WUv bv nvwi‡q msµgYgy³ nIqv Am¤¢e n‡q DV‡e| wb‡æ fvBiv‡m
msµwgZ n‡j wK Kiv DwPZ G m¤ú‡K© mswÿß Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv t
 fvBiv‡m msµwgZ nIqvi jÿY †`Lv w`‡j KgwcDUv‡i Avi KvR bv
K‡i KgwcDUvi eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e| †j‡U÷ †Kvb Gw›U fvBivm Pvjbv K‡i
fvBivm ¯‹¨vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
 fvBiv‡m Avµvš• KgwcDUv‡i hw` AwZ cÖ‡qvRbxq WKz‡g›U _v‡K Ges
fvBiv‡mi cwigvY hw` fqven nq A_©vr Gw›U fvBivm w`‡qI
wbwðZfv‡e ¯‹¨vb Kiv m¤¢e bv nq Zvn‡j GKwU gvÎ c_ †Lvjv Av‡Q
Avi Zvnj nvW© wW¯‹ dig¨vU Kiv| dig¨vU Ki‡j g~•jëvb Z_¨ nvwi‡q
†h‡Z cv‡i| ZvB mveav‡b Z‡_ï e¨vKAvc †i‡L dig¨vU Kiv DwPZ|
fvBivm †_‡K iÿv cvIqv
fvBiv‡m AvµvšÍ• n‡j Avcwb nqZ fvBivm wbab K‡i wcwmwU‡K cybivq
Kvh©c‡hvMx K‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡ib wKš‘ Zv‡Z K‡i Avcbvi g•jëvb A‡bK mgq bó
QvovI cÖ‡qvRbxq AwZ g~•jëvb †cÖvMÖvg ev Z_¨ I nvwi‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| Bs‡iRx‡Z
GKwU cÖvev` Av‡Q æPrevention is always better than cure” A_©vr
cÖwZ‡iva me mgq cÖwZKv‡ii †P‡q DËg| ZvB fvBiv‡m Avµvš• n‡q cÖwZKv‡ii
†P‡q AvµvšÍ• bv nIqvi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| KgwcDUvi fvBivm †_‡K wcwm‡K
myiwÿZ ivLv Lye KwVb KvR bq| mvaviY wKQy cÖwZiÿv eë¯’v Ges c~•e©-mZK©Zv
Avcbvi wcÖq wcwmwU fvBivm bvgK fqvbK kÎæi nvZ †_‡K iÿv Ki‡e| wb‡¤œ
fvBivm †_‡K iÿv cvIqvi K‡qKwU Dcvq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv t

1. GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb bv n‡j evB‡ii †Kvb wW¯‹ (nvW©wW¯‹, †cb WªvBf)
eënvi bv Kiv| we‡kl cÖ‡qvR‡b evB‡ii wW¯‹ eënvi Kivi Av‡M
Aek¨B Avc‡W‡UW †Kvb Gw›UfvBiv‡mi ¯‹¨vbvi w`‡q ¯‹¨vb K‡i †bqv|
fvBivm †c‡j Zv wigyf, wKj, wnj ev wWwjU K‡i †bqv|
2. wmwW ev wWwfwW eënv‡ii c~‡e© Gw›UfvBiv‡mi ¯‹¨vbv‡ii gva¨‡g ¯‹¨vb
Kiv n‡j Ges Zv‡Z fvBivm aiv co‡j IB wmwW ev wWwfwW n‡Z †Kv‡bv
wKQz Kwc K‡i KgwcDUv‡i bv Avbv| KviY wmwW ev wWwfwW‡Z ivBU Kiv
Ae¯’vq fvBivm cvIqv †M‡jI Gw›UfvBivm †cÖvMÖvg †mLvb †_‡K
fvBivmmg~n‡K gyQ‡Z cv‡i bv|
3. AvRKvj †gvevBj †dv‡b †g‡gvwi w÷K RvZxq G·Uvb©vj †g‡gvwi hy³
Kivi myweav _vKvq Ges Mvb, wis‡Uvb, B‡gR ev gvwëwgwWqv
Kb‡U›Umg~n KgwcDUvi n‡Z †gvevBj †dv‡b Ges †gvevBj †dvb n‡Z
KgwcDUv‡i WvDb‡jvW Kivi welqwU ¯^vfvweK NUbvq cwiYZ nIqvq
Gme †ÿ‡Î KgwcDUv‡ii mv‡_ †gvevBj †dv‡bi ms‡hvM †`qvi mv‡_
mv‡_B †mwU‡K Gw›UfvBivm w`‡q †PK K‡i †bqv DwPZ| KviY †gvevBj
†dv‡bi Gme Kb‡U›U nvZ Ny‡i Ny‡i e¨vcK msL¨K eënviKvixi
KgwcDUv‡i Qwo‡q covi SzuwK i‡q‡Q|
4. wWwRUvj K¨v‡giv †_‡K Qwe KgwcDUv‡i WvDb‡jvW Kivi mgq Gi
†g‡gvwi‡K KgwcDUv‡ii Avc‡W‡UW Gw›UfvBivm w`‡q ¯‹¨vb K‡i †bqv
DwPZ| fvBivm †c‡j Zv mv‡_ mv‡_ wigyf Kivi eë¯’v wb‡Z n‡e|
5. wW¯‹ ivBU cÖ‡U± bv K‡i Ab¨ †Kv‡bv KgwcDUv‡i eënvi bv Kiv|
6. me mgq Gw›UfvBivm mdUIq¨v‡ii Avc‡W‡UW fvm©b eënvi Kiv|
7. B›Uvi‡b‡Ui ms‡hvM _vK‡j cÖwZw`b Gw›UfvBivm‡K Avc‡WU Kiv|
Zv‡Z cÖwZw`b †hme fvBivm ˆZwi n‡”Q †m¸‡jv‡K cÖwZ‡iva Kiv hvq|
8. cÖwZw`b Kv‡Ri †k‡l cÖ‡qvRbxq †WUvi e¨vKAvc ivLv| e¨vKAvc ivLvi
c~‡e© †h ¯’v‡b e¨vKAvcwU †bqv n‡”Q †mwU fvBivmgy³ wKbv Zv †`‡L
†bqv|
9. AwaKvsk fvBivm mvaviYZ .com Ges .exe dvBj‡K AvµvšÍ K‡i
_v‡K| ZvB me †cÖvMÖv‡gi com Ges exe dvBjmg~n‡K Read Only
K‡i ivLv|
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10. gv‡S gv‡S Gw›UfvBivm w`‡q ¯‹¨vb Kiv|
11. B›Uvi‡bU, weweGm eënv‡i mZK© nIqv| B›Uvi‡bU ev j¨vb eënv‡ii
c~‡e© Gw›UfvBivm I dvqviIqvj Pvjy ivLv|
12. fvBivm ¯‹¨vwbs K‡i B›Uvi‡bU †_‡K dvBj WvDb‡jvW Kiv|
13. B-†gB‡ji AcwiwPZ GUvP‡g›U dvBj †Lvjvi e¨vcv‡i mZK© nIqv|
14. B›Uvi‡b‡U U‡i›U RvZxq mvBU n‡Z dvBj bvgv‡bvi †ÿ‡Î mZK© _vKv|
G ai‡bi mvB‡U bvbv ai‡bi fvBivm jywK‡q _vK‡Z cv‡i|
15. Ah_v AcÖ‡qvRbxq wd« mdUIq¨vi wKsev †W‡gv mdUIq¨vi eënvi bv
Kiv|
16. KgwcDUvi ÷vU©Av‡c fvBivm cÖwZiÿK MvW© mwµq ivLv|
17. cvB‡i‡UW mdUIq¨vi eënvi bv Kiv| KviY cvB‡i‡UW
mdUIq¨vimg~n‡K Pvjy Kivi Rb¨ A‡bK mgq wK †Rbv‡iUi RvZxq
†cÖvMÖvg w`‡q †Ìqv nq| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ fvBivm _vKvi m¤¢vebv cÖej|
18. m¤¢e n‡j eQ‡i AšÍZ GKevi nvW© wW¯‹wU †jv-†j‡ej dig¨vU K‡i
bZzb K‡i me †cÖvMÖvg BÝUj Kiv|
Avwfiv Gw›UfvBivm (Avira Antivirus)
Avwfiv n‡jv eZ©gvb we‡k¦i Ab¨Zg RbwcÖq GKwU Gw›UfvBivm| evRv‡i Gi
wewfbœ ms¯‹iY cvIqv hvq| Avcbvi cÖ‡qvRbxq ms¯‹iYwU Avcwb msMÖn K‡i wb‡Z
cv‡ib| Z‡e Gi wd« fvm©bwU wm‡½j BDRvi‡ì Kv‡Q †ek RbwcÖq| Avi wbivcËv
cÖ`v‡bi w`K †_‡KI GwU †ek Kvh©Ki| i¨vswKs‡qi w`K †_‡K Gi Ae¯’vbI
Dc‡ii mvwi‡Z| Avgiv GLv‡b g~jZ Avwfiv Gw›UfvBiv‡mi wd« fvm©bwU wb‡qB
GLv‡b Av‡jvPbv KiwQ|
Avira AntiVir Personal - FREE Antivirus WvDb‡jvW
Kiv
AvwfivÕi cv‡m©vbvj wd« Gw›UfvBivmwU WvDb‡jvW Kivi Rb¨ Avcbvi KgwcDUv‡i
B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM _vK‡Z n‡e| Avcwb PvB‡j mvBevi K¨v‡d †_‡KI GwU WvDb‡jvW
K‡i Avb‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e wbR¯^ B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM _vKvUv Riæwi| †Kbbv cieZ©x‡Z

fvBivm Avc‡WU Ki‡Z n‡j Avcbvi B›Uvi‡b‡Ui cÖ‡qvRb co‡e| Avcbvi
KgwcDUv‡i BÝUj Kiv †h‡Kv‡bv B›Uvi‡bU eªvDRvi Ly‡j A¨v‡Wªmev‡i
http://www.free-
av.com/en/download/1/avira_antivir_personal__free_antivirus.html
wj‡L G›Uvi Pvcyb| GwU WvDb‡jvW Kivi †cBR Avm‡e| GLvb †_‡K Avcwb
Gw›UfvBivmwU WvDb‡jvW K‡i wb‡Z cv‡ib|
Avwfiv Gw›UfvBivm BÝUj Kiv
GB Gw›UfvBivm †cÖvMÖvgwU BÝUj Kivi Rb¨ wb‡Pi c`‡ÿc¸‡jv MÖnY Kiæb t
1. GB Gw›UfvBivmwU BÝUj Kivi Rb¨ Avcvbvi KgwcDUv‡i B›Uvi‡b‡Ui
ms‡hvM _vK‡Z n‡e| Kv‡RB cÖ_‡g wbwðZ n‡q wbb Avcbvi
KgwcDUv‡i B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM wVK i‡q‡Q wKbv|
2. Avcbvi WvDb‡jvW Kiv Avwfiv Gw›UfvBivm wd« fvm©bwUi †mUAvc
dvBjwU‡Z gvDm c‡q›Uvi w`‡q Wvej wK¬K Kiæb| †mUAvc nevi
cÖwµqv ïiæ n‡e Ges DB‡Ûv cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|
3. Accept evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb| dvBj G·Uªv± Kiv ïiæ n‡e| Gi wKQzÿY
ci BÝU‡jk‡bi cÖ¯‘wZ ïiæ n‡e|
4. wKQzÿY ci Av‡iKwU DB‡Ûv Avm‡e| Next evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb|
5. cieZ©x DB‡Ûv Avm‡e| Next evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb|
6. GK‡mÞ jvB‡mÝ GwMÖ‡g›U DB‡Ûv Avm‡e| Next evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb|
7. Kbdvi‡gkb DB‡Ûv Avm‡e| GLv‡b I accept that Avira Antivir
Personal – Free Antvirus is for private use only and must not be
used for any kind of commercial or business purpose AckbwU
evBwWdë wm‡j± Kiv bv _vK‡j Zv wm‡j± K‡i Next evU‡b wK¬K
Kiæb|
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15. GLv‡b evBwWdë hv Av‡Q †mwUB ivLyb| ïay Next evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb|
wm‡÷g ¯‹¨vb DB‡Ûv Avm‡e|
16. evBwWdë AckbwU †i‡L Next evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb| †K¬vR KbwdMv‡ikb
DB‡Ûv Avm‡e|
17. Finish evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb| BÝUj cÖwµqvi ci KbwdMv‡ikbI mgvß
n‡e| GB Ae¯’vq ¯‹¨vwbs cÖwµqv ïiæ n‡e| wKQzÿY ci GB cÖwµqvwU
mgvß n‡e| Avcbvi ÷vU©Av‡c jÿ¨ Ki‡j †`L‡eb †mLv‡b QvZvi
AvBK‡b Avwfiv Gw›UfvBiv‡mi jvj AvBKb cÖ`wk©Z n‡”Q|
Avwfiv Gw›UfvBivm‡K Avc‡WU Kiv
18. Avwfiv A¨vw›UfvBivmwU BÝUj Kivi ci cviB GwU‡K Avc‡WU K‡i
†bqv DwPZ| GRb¨ B›Uvi‡bU Kv‡bKkb _vKv Ae¯’vq ÷vU©Av‡c _v‡K
Avwfiv Gw›UfvBiv‡mi AvBKbwUi Dci gvD‡mi Wvb evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb|
GKwU ccAvc †gby Avm‡e| †mLvb †_‡K Start Update wbe©vPb Kiæb|
19. me©‡kl fvBivm †Wwdwbkb dvBj Øviv Gw›UfvBivmwU Avc‡WU nevi
cÖwµqv ïiæ n‡e| G‡Z †ek wKQzÿY mgq jvM‡Z cv‡i| B›Uvi‡b‡U MwZ
hZ †ewk n‡e Avc‡WU n‡e ZZ `ªæZ|
Avwfiv Gw›UfvBiv‡mi e¨envi
÷vU©Av‡c _v‡K Avwfiv Gw›UfvBiv‡mi AvBKbwUi Dci gvD‡mi Wvb evU‡b wK¬K
Kiæb| GKwU ccAvc †gby Avm‡e| †mLvb †_‡K Start AntiVir wbe©vPb Kiæb|
DB‡Ûv cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| Local Protection evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb| DB‡Ûvi Wvb cv‡k
¯‹¨vb Kivi Rb¨ WªvBf¸‡jv cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| Avcwb †h †h WªvBf‡K ¯‹¨vb Ki‡Z Pvb
†m¸‡jv wUK gvK© w`‡q wm‡j± K‡i w`b| Gici Gi Dc‡i _vKv g¨vMwbdvBwqs
Møv‡mi AvBK‡b wK¬K Kiæb| ¯‹¨vb Kiv ïiæ n‡e|
GB Ae¯’vq Avcbvi wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv WªvB‡f fvBivm †c‡j GKwU DB‡Ûvi gva¨‡g
Zv cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| OK evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb| wb‡Pi g‡Zv DB‡Ûv Avm‡e| GLvb
†_‡K Avcwb gyf Uz †Kvqv‡ibUvBb, wWwjU, wi‡bg, BMbi, e¨vKAvc Uz
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†Kvqv‡ibUvBb BZ¨vw` Ackb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Avcbvi Kvw•LZwU †e‡Q wb‡Z cv‡ib|
Gici OK evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡j Kvw•ÿZ djvdj †`L‡Z cv‡eb| ¯‹¨vb cÖwµqv
m¤cbœ n‡j wb‡Pi g‡Zv evZ©v cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| End evU‡b wK¬K K‡i DB‡ÛvwU eÜ
Kiæb|
K¨vmcvivw¯‹ 2010 Gw›UfvBivm
RbwcÖq Av‡iKwU Gw›UfvBivm n‡jv K¨vmcvivw¯‹| evRv‡i Gi wewfbœ ms¯‹iY
cvIqv hvq| Avcbvi cÖ‡qvRbxq ms¯‹iYwU Avcwb msMÖn K‡i wb‡Z cv‡ib|
†hgbÑ GLv‡b K¨vmcvivw¯‹ 2010 ms¯‹iYwU wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡”Q|
K¨vmcvivw¯‹ 2010 Gw›UfvBivm BÝUj Kiv
GB Gw›UfvBivm †cÖvMÖvgwU BÝUj Kivi Rb¨ wb‡Pi c`‡ÿc¸‡jv MÖnY Kiæb t
1. GB Gw›UfvBivmwU BÝUj Kivi Rb¨ Avcvbvi KgwcDUv‡i B›Uvi‡b‡Ui
ms‡hvM _vK‡Z n‡e| Kv‡RB cÖ_‡g wbwðZ n‡q wbb Avcbvi
KgwcDUv‡i B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM wVK i‡q‡Q wKbv|
2. evRvi †_‡K msMÖn Kiv K¨vmcvivw¯‹ Gw›UfvBiv‡mi BÝUjvi wmwWwU
Avcbvi wmwW/wWwfwW ig WªvB‡f cÖ‡ek Kivb|
3. Avcbvi KgwcDUv‡i A‡Uvivb Gbveì Kiv _vK‡j †mwU ¯^qswµqfv‡e
I‡cb n‡e| Avi Zv bv n‡j DB‡ÛvR G·‡cøviv‡ii gva¨‡g wmwWwU eªvDR
K‡i Gw›UfvBivmwUi †mUAvc dvBjwU‡Z gvDm c‡q›Uvi w`‡q Wvej wK¬K
Kiæb| †mUAvc nevi cÖwµqv ïiæ n‡e Ges DB‡Ûv cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|
4. GLvb †_‡K Install Kaspersky Anti-Virus 2010 wj¼wU‡Z wK¬K Kiæb|
5. †mUAvc DBRvW© Avm‡e| GwU bZzb ms¯‹iY Lyu‡R‡Z _vK‡e| †c‡j
wb‡Pi g‡Zv evZ©v cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| Avcwb hw` bZzb fvm©b‡K WvDb‡jvW
K‡i BÝUj Ki‡Z Pvb Z‡e Yes evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e GB
gyn~‡Z© Avcbvi we`¨gvb wmwW †_‡KB BÝUj K‡i †bqv fvj| ZvB No

6. BÝUj cÖwµqv Avi¤¢ nevi cÖ¯‘wZ ïiæ n‡e| GKUz ci †mUAvc DBRvW©
Avm‡e|
7. Next evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb| BÛ BDRvi jvB‡mÝ GwMÖ‡g›U DB‡Ûv cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|
8. I Agree evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb| K¨vmcvivw¯‹ wmwKDwiwU †bUIqvK© DB‡Ûv
Avm‡e|
9. GLv‡b I accept the terms of participation in Kaspersky Security
Network AckbwU evBwWdë wm‡j± Kiv bv _vK‡j Zv wm‡j± K‡i
Install evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb| BÝUj cÖwµqv ïiæ n‡e|
10. GB cÖwµqvwU †ek wKQzÿY a‡i Pj‡Z _vK‡e| wKQzÿY ci
A¨vwcø‡KkbwU A¨vKwU‡fU Kivi DB‡Ûv cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| GLv‡b Activate
commercial license AckbwU evBwWdë wm‡j± Kiv _vK‡e| Gi Enter
the activation code: wmwWi mv‡_ mieivn Kiv †KvWwU wj‡L w`b| Gi
ci Next evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb|
11. K¨vmcvivw¯‹ j¨v‡ei A¨vKwU‡fkb mvf©v‡ii mv‡_ hy³ nevi cÖwµqv ïiæ
n‡e| wKQzÿY ci DB‡Ûv cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| GLv‡b Avcbvi f¨vwjW B-
†gBj A¨v‡Wªm, †jv‡Kkb †_‡K †`‡ki bvg Ges kn‡ii bvg wj‡L w`‡q
Next evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb|
12. AbjvB‡b A¨vwKwU‡fkb cÖwµqv Pj‡Z _vK‡e| G‡Z wKQzUv mgq jvM‡Z
cv‡i| wKQzÿY ci DB‡Ûv cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|
13. BÝU‡jkb cÖwµqv m¤úbœ nevi DB‡Ûv cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| GLv‡b Start
Kaspersky Anti-Virus AckbwU evBwWdë wm‡j± Kiv _vK‡e| Avcwb
hw` BÝU‡jkb cÖwµqv m¤úbœ Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_B Avcbvi KgwcDUviwU
¯^qswµqfv‡e ¯‹¨vb Ki‡Z Pvb Z‡e GwU ivL‡Z cv‡ib| Avi hw`
cieZ©x‡Z ¯‹¨vb Ki‡Z Pvb Z‡e GwU DwV‡q w`b| Gici Finish evU‡b
wK¬K Kiæb|
14. cy‡iv cÖwµqvwU AvbyôvwbKfv‡e m¤úbœ n‡e| GKUz ci Avcbvi KgwcDUv‡ii
÷vU©Av‡c K¨vmcvivw¯‹ Gw›UfvBiv‡mi AvBKb cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|
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K¨vmcvivw¯‹ Gw›UfvBivm‡K Avc‡WU Kiv
15. K¨vmcvivw¯‹ A¨vw›UfvBivmwU BÝUj Kivi ci cviB GwU‡K Avc‡WU K‡i †bqv
DwPZ| GRb¨ B›Uvi‡bU Kv‡bKkb _vKv Ae¯’vq ÷vU©Av‡c _v‡K K¨vmcvivw¯‹
Gw›UfvBiv‡mi AvBKbwUi Dci gvD‡mi Wvb evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb| GKwU
ccAvc †gby Avm‡e| †mLvb †_‡K mevi Dc‡i _vKv Update wbe©vPb Kiæb|
16. me©‡kl fvBivm †Wwdwbkb dvBj Øviv Gw›UfvBivmwU Avc‡WU nevi cÖwµqv
ïiæ n‡e| G‡Z †ek wKQzÿY mgq jvM‡Z cv‡i|
K¨vmcvivw¯‹ Gw›UfvBiv‡mi eënvi
Avcbvi KgwcDUv‡ii ÷vU©Av‡c _vKv K¨vmcvivw¯‹ Gw›UfvBiv‡mi AvBK‡bi Dci
GKevi gvD‡mi evg evUb Øviv wK¬K Ki‡jB wb‡Pi g‡Zv DB‡Ûv cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|
KgwcDUv‡ii wbw`©ó WªvBf ev me¸‡jv WªvBf GKmv‡_ ¯‹¨vb Kivi Rb¨ DB‡ÛvwUi ev‡g
_vKv Scan My Computer U¨v‡e wK¬K Kiæb| wb‡Pi DB‡Ûvi g‡Zv ¯‹¨vb Kivi Rb¨
WªvBf wm‡j± Kivi Rb¨ WªvBf¸‡jv cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|
DB‡ÛvR G·wc‡Z A‡Uvivb Ad K‡i fvBivm †_‡K euvPv
eZ©gv‡b †WUv msiÿY, Av`vb-cÖ`vb BZ¨vwì Rb¨ †cb WªvBf e¨vcKfv‡e eëüZ
n‡”Q| †cb WªvB‡fi Rb¨ A‡bK fvBivm ˆZwi n‡q‡Q| †cb WªvBf KgwcDUv‡ii

mv‡_ mshy³ Ki‡j GwU †_‡K GK ai‡bi Gw·wKD‡Uej dvBj (.exe)
KgwcDUv‡i Xy‡K c‡o| Gm‡ei g‡a¨ 2u.exe-mn Av‡iv †ek wKQz dvBj fvBivm
enb K‡i| wKQz Av‡Q hv wK‡evW© I gvDm‡KI AKvh©Ki K‡i †`q| G dvBj¸‡jv
A‡Uviv‡bi gva¨‡g KgwcDUv‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| Gme fvBivm †_‡K gy³ _vK‡Z n‡j
wb‡Pi c`‡ÿc wb‡Z n‡e t
1. Start †gbyi Run mve‡gby‡Z wK¬K Kiæb|
2. cÖ`wk©Z DB‡Ûv‡Z gpedit.msc †jLvwU UvBc K‡i OK evU‡b wK¬K
Kiæb| wb‡Pi DB‡ÛvwU cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|
3. DB‡Ûvi evg As‡ki User Configuration G Wvej wK¬K Kiæb|
4. Gevi DB‡Ûvi Wvb As‡ki Administrative Templates G Wvej wK¬K
Kiæb|
5. System G Wvej wK¬K Kiæb|
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6. ¯Œj K‡i DB‡Ûvi Wvb As‡ki Turn off Autoplay AvB‡U‡g Wvej wK¬K
Kiæb|
7. c`©vq wb‡Pi DB‡ÛvwU cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| Turn off Autoplay on: Gi Wªc
WvDb evU‡b wK¬K K‡i All drives wm‡j± Kiæb|
8. Enabled AckbwU wbe©vwPZ bv _vK‡j Gi †iwWI evU‡b wK¬K K‡i GwU
wbe©vwPZ K‡i Apply evU‡b wK¬K K‡i OK evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb|

9. GLb †W¯‹U‡c My Computer AvBK‡b Wvej wK¬K K‡i Tools †gby‡Z
wK¬K K‡i View G wK¬K Kiæb| Gici Show hidden files and folders
e‡· gvK© K‡i Hide extensions for known files types Ges Hide
protected operating system files (Recommended) e‡· gvK© DwV‡q
Apply evU‡b wK¬K K‡i †ei n‡q Avmyb|
10. Gevi Folder Option G wM‡q †cbWªvBf Lyjyb| G Ae¯’vq †cbWªvB‡fi
me fvBivm I AhvwPZ dvBj †`Lv hv‡e| †cb WªvBf †_‡K
fvBivm(autoran.inf) AhvwPZ dvBj¸‡jv gy‡Q w`b| G †ÿ‡Î jÿ ivLv
DwPZ hv‡Z fvBivm dvB‡ji Dci gvD‡mi w`‡q `yBevi wK¬K bv Kiv
nq| Zvn‡j fvBivm KgwcDUv‡i BÝUj n‡q hv‡e|
DB‡ÛvR †m‡fb/wfmZvq A‡Uvivb Ad K‡i fvBivm †_‡K euvPv
1. Start evU‡b wK¬K K‡i mvP© e‡· gpedit.msc †jLvwU UvBc K‡i OK
evU‡b wK¬K Kiæb| wb‡Pi DB‡ÛvwU cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|
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2. DB‡Ûvi evg As‡ki User Configuration G Wvej wK¬K Kiæb|
3. Gevi DB‡Ûvi Wvb As‡ki Administrative Templates G Wvej wK¬K
Kiæb|
4. Windows Components G Wvej wK¬K Kiæb|
5. Autoplay Policies G Wvej wK¬K Kiæb|
6. ¯Œj K‡i DB‡Ûvi Wvb As‡ki Turn off Autoplay AvB‡U‡g Wvej wK¬K
Kiæb|

c`©vq wb‡Pi DB‡ÛvwU cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|
7. Enabled AckbwU wbe©vwPZ bv _vK‡j Gi †iwWI evU‡b wK¬K K‡i GwU
wbe©vwPZ Kiæb|
8. Turn off Autoplay on: Gi Wªc WvDb evU‡b wK¬K K‡i All drives
wm‡j± Kiæb|
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9. GLb †W¯‹U‡c My Computer AvBK‡b Wvej wK¬K K‡i Organize
†gby‡Z wK¬K K‡i Folder and Search Options G wK¬K K‡i View U¨v‡e
Kiæb|
10. Gici Show hidden files and folders e‡· gvK© K‡i Hide extensions
for known files types Ges Hide protected operating system files
(Recommended) e‡· gvK© DwV‡q Apply evU‡b wK¬K K‡i †ei n‡q
Avmyb|
Gevi Folder Option G wM‡q †cbWªvBf Lyjyb| G Ae¯’vq †cbWªvB‡fi me fvBivm I
AhvwPZ dvBj †`Lv hv‡e| †cb WªvBf †_‡K fvBivm (autoran.inf) AhvwPZ dvBj¸‡jv
gy‡Q w`b| G †ÿ‡Î jÿ ivLv DwPZ hv‡Z fvBivm dvB‡ji Dci gvD‡mi w`‡q `yBevi
wK¬K bv Kiv nq| Zvn‡j fvBivm KgwcDUv‡i BÝUj n‡q hv‡e|

Aa¨vq-15
kixi my¯’ †i‡L KgwcDUv‡i KvR Kiv
cÖZ¨n `xN©ÿY KgwcDUv‡ii mvg‡b e‡m KvR Ki‡j Avgv‡ì kix‡ii wKQy A‡½i
Dci AZ¨vwaK Pvc Ges KgwcDUvi †_‡K wbtm„Z B‡jK‡Uªvg¨vM‡bwUK iwk¥
Avgv‡ì wewfbœ ÿwZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| eZ©vgvb hy‡M KgwcDUvi GKwU Avewk¨K hš¿
weavq mvgvb¨ ÿwZ n‡jI Avgiv Gi eënvi eÜ Ki‡Z cvie bv| c~e©mZ©KZv
wnmv‡e wKQy wKQy c`‡ÿc wb‡j KgwcDUvi bvgK RwUj hš¿wUi cvidi‡gÝ †hgb
evov‡bv hvq †Zgwb Avgiv GKUz mZ©KZvi mv‡_ eënvi Ki‡j mªóvi †kÖô gvbe
hš¿wU‡KI AviI †ewk Kg©ÿg I mRxe ivLv m¤¢e| `xN©w`b a‡i KgwcDUvi
eënv‡ii d‡j †PvL Ges kix‡ii wewfbœ As‡k †h ai‡bi hš¿Yv Amyweavi m„wó
nq, `xN©w`‡bi M‡elYvi ci weÁvbxiv Zv cÖwZ‡iva I wbivg‡qi c_ Luy‡R †ei
K‡i‡Qb| weÁv‡bi †h kvLvq Gme kvixwiK Amyweav wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq
Zv‡K ejv nq Gi‡MvbwgKm (Ergonomics)| wewfbœ †ckvi †ckvRxwe‡ì
Kg©Rxeb‡K AviI ¯^v”Q›`¨gq Kivi Rb¨B weÁv‡bi G kvLvi D™¢e, wee©Zb I
weKvk , `xN©w`b a‡i KgwcDUvi eënviRwbZ kvixwiK Amyweav¸‡jvI Av‡jvwPZ
nq Ergonomics G| G‡K CIR (Computer Induce Repetitive) ejv nq|
A‡bK ¯^v¯’¨ we‡klÁ G‡K CVS (Computer Vision Syndrome) wk‡ivbv‡gI
Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| KgwcDUv‡ii mvg‡b `xN©ÿY KvR Ki‡j †Pv‡Li wKQy wKQy
mgm¨v ev hš¿Yv †eva nq| nvZ, Nvo, gv_v, Kva GgbwK cv‡qI wKQy wKQy
e¨v_v‡eva Ges hš¿Yv‡eva Ges hš¿Yvi m„wó nq-Gi g‡a¨ †KvbwU `xN©¯’vqxI nq|
GKUz mZK© n‡jB Gm‡ei cÖwZKvi meB Avgv‡ì mv‡aï g‡a¨| wb‡P G m¤c‡K©
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
†Pv‡Li mgm¨v I mgvavb t
gwbU‡ii AwZwi³ D¾¡jZv I iK‡gi Av‡jvi Ach©vß ev cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq †ewk
nIqv, ¯Œxb Ges †Pv‡Li g‡a¨ `~i‡Z¡i Miwgj Ges A¯^PQ ¯‹x‡bi KgwcDUvi
eënviKvixi †Pv‡L bvbvwea mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| †hgb t
 †PvL R¡vjv Kiv
 †Pv‡L †_‡K cvwb cov
 gv_v e¨v_v Kiv
 †PvL e¨v_v Kiv
 A¯c÷ †`Lv Ges
 †Kvb wRwbm Wvej †`Lv BZ¨vw`|
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mgvavb t
 gwbU‡ii Av‡jv †Pv‡Li mv‡_ mnbkxj K‡i †mU Kiæb| m‡e©vPP hZ `~‡i
e‡m gwbU‡ii †jLv¸‡jv‡K ¯có cov hvq ZZ `~i‡Z¡ emv DËg|
 `xN©ÿY GKvav‡i gwbUv‡ii w`‡K ZvwK‡q _vK‡eb bv| gv‡S gv‡S weiwZ
w`‡q KvR Kiæb| cÖwZ GK ev `yB N›Uvq 5-10 wgwb‡Ui Rb¨ wekÖvg
wbb|
 mivmwi D¾¡j Av‡jvi bx‡P KgwcDUvi ¯’vcb bv K‡i iæ‡g Ggbfv‡e
¯’vcb Kiæb hv‡Z gwbU‡ii Møv‡m jvBU wi‡d¬± bv nq|
 wKQyÿY cici †PvL wcU& wcU& Kiæb| G‡Z Avcbvi †PvL †fRv _vK‡e
Ges †Pv‡Li gvsm‡ckx †ewk Kg©ÿg _vK‡e|
 mvavib †jLv‡jwLi KvR †Z‡K gywfs Qwe ( †hgbt †Mg, wfwWI,wm‡bgv
BZ¨vw` †ekx G‡d± K‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î †Uwjwfk‡bi gZ `~iZ¡ eRvq †i‡L
`k©b Kiæb|
 Akøxj Qwe `k©‡b øvqyi D‡ËRbvi mv‡_ mv‡_ †Pv‡Li DciI cÖPzi Pvc m„wó
nq| ZvB h_vm¤¢e Gme cwinvi K‡i Pjyb|
 †W¯‹U‡ci e¨vKMÖvDÛ Mvp i‡Oi cQ›` bv K‡i mnbkxj mvaviY iO
wbe©vPb Kiæb|
 gv‡S gv‡S VvÛv cvwb w`‡q †PvLSvcUv w`b|
 me©`v fvj gwbUi e¨envi Ki‡Z †Póv Kiæb|
 eQ‡i GKevi AšÍZ AwfÁ †Pv‡Li Wv³vi †`Lvb|
 †Pv‡L wewfbœ mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡j GLbB fvj Wv³v‡ii kibvcbœ nb|
 Ab_©K KgwcDUv‡i KvR Kiv eÜ Kiæb|
 KgwcDUv‡i †Mg‡Ljv h_vm¤¢e Gwo‡q Pjyb| bv †Lj‡jB fvj|
 gwbU‡ii Ae¯’vb †Pv‡Li DPPZv †_‡K 10-15wWMÖx wb‡P n‡Z cv‡i Z‡e
mgvb D”PZv _vK‡j me‡P‡q fvj|
†Pv‡Li e¨vqvg
me mgq m¤¢e bv n‡jI gv‡S gv‡S wb‡Pi e¨vqvg¸‡jv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
 gv_v Ges Kuva †mvRv †i‡L †PvLØq‡K GKevi Wvb w`K Ges GKevi evg
w`‡K Nyivb| Gfv‡e K‡qKevi Nywi‡q `k †m‡KÛ a‡i wcU&-wcU& Kiæb|

 gv_v Ges Kuva †mvRv †i‡L †Pv‡Li gwY Kevi Dc‡i Zzjyb Ges wb‡P
bvgvb| Gfv‡e K‡qKevi K‡i †Pv‡Li cvZv `k †m‡KÛ a‡i wcU&-wcU&
Kiæb|
 gv_v Ges Kuva †mvRv †i‡L †Pv‡Li gwY Nwoi KuvUvi w`‡K Ges wecix‡Z
Nyivb| Gfv‡e cuvPevi Nywi‡q Lye `ªæZ `k †m‡KÛ Avcbvi †PvL wcU&-
wcU& Kib|
nv‡Zi eënvi
KgwcDUvi eënviKvix we‡kl K‡i †WUv Gw›Uª Acv‡iUi, K‡¤cvwRUi Ges
†cÖvMÖvgvi‡ì cÖwZw`b `xN©wÿY a‡i Kx-†evW© eënvi Ki‡Z nq | G‡Z K‡i nvZ,
Nvo Ges Kv‡aui Dci Pvc c‡o| GKUz mwVKfv‡e eënvi Ki‡j kix‡ii Dci
Pvc Kg co‡e|
Kx-†evW© Gi eënvi
 †g‡S †_‡K Kx-†evW©‡K 28-31 BwÂ DPuy‡Z ivLyb|
 Kx-†evW©‡K mgZj RvqMvq ¯’vcb Kiæb| wb‡P †Kvb wKQy Pvc c‡o
_vK‡j Zv mwi‡q wbb| Avcwb hw` †ewk ¯^vPQ›`‡eva K‡ib Zvn‡j Kx-
†ev‡W©i wb‡Pi ÷¨vÛ `yÕwU DwV‡q wbb|
 Kx-†evW© †Rv‡i Pvc bv w`‡q Avj‡Zv K‡i Pvc †`qvi Af¨vm Kiæb|
 nvZ‡K †Kvb wKQy‡Z bv jvwM‡q Kx-†evW© eënvi Kiæb| †g‡S‡Z cv bv
†i‡L †Uwe‡ji cv-`vbx‡Z A_ev Abyiƒc DPuy‡Z cv ivLyb| G‡ÿ‡Î Avcwb
†hfv‡e †ewk ¯^v”Q›`‡evaKiv K‡ib †mfv‡eB cv ivLyb|
 wcqv‡bvev`Kiv †hfv‡e nvZ †mvRvfv‡e †i‡L wcqv‡bv evRvq †mfv‡e
nvZ †mvRv K‡i Kx-†evW© eënvi Kiæb|
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 nv‡Z †ewk cwigv‡Y †Zj ev ˆZjv³ c`v_© (†hgb-µxg) jvwM‡q Kx-
†evW© eënvi Ki‡eb bv|
wPÎ t KgwcDUvi eënv‡ii Rb¨ Av`k© kvwiixK Ae¯’vb
 GKB KvR evi evi Kivi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j g¨v‡µv ˆZwi K‡i g¨v‡µv
eënvi Kiæb|
 Av‡¯Í K‡i gvDmwU aiæb| Kx-†ev‡W©i cwie‡Z© hZ †ewk m¤¢e gvDm
eënv‡ii †Póv Kiæb|
kix‡ii wewfbœ A‡½i e¨vqvg
`xN©w`b KgwcDUvi eënv‡ii d‡j Avgv‡ì Nvo, Kvua, wcV,
nvZ Avi Kwâi gvsm‡cwk‡Z e¨v_v n‡Z cv‡i| kix‡ii
wewfbœ As‡ki e¨_v Ges Kó cÖwZ‡iva Kivi Rb¨ wbqwgZ
e¨vqvg Kiæb| G‡Z Avcbvi i³ mÂvjb e„w× cv‡e †ckxi
D‡ËRbv Kg‡e Ges K¬vwšÍKi cwiw¯’wZi Ae¯’vb NU‡e|
gvsk‡ckx¸‡jv kw³kvjx n‡e Ges mKj Kv‡R `ÿZv
evov‡e| e¨vqvg¸‡jv LyeB mnR| Kv‡R emvi Av‡M A_ev
gvSLv‡b weiZx‡Z cÖwZw`‡bi Kv‡Ri iæwUbgvwdK
e¨vqvg¸‡jv PP©v Kiæb|

wc‡Vi e¨vqvg
†mvRv n‡q ùvwo‡q kix‡ii gvsk‡ckx Uvb Uvb Kiæb| `yB evû †mvRv Dc‡ii w`‡K
DwV‡q 5-10 †m‡KÛ ivLyb| Gevi wb‡P bvwg‡q Avevi Dc‡i DVvb| Gfv‡e
`kevi Kiæb|
†mvRv n‡q ùvwo‡q `yÕnvZ †Kvg‡ii Dci ivLyb| Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í wcQ‡bi w`‡K †n‡j
co~b| Avevi †mvRv n‡q mvg‡bi w`‡K †n‡j gv_v‡K cv‡qi mv‡_ jvMv‡Z †Póv
Kiæb| 5 †m‡KÛ †_‡K cybivq †mvRv nb| Gfv‡e Dfqw`‡K `kevi Kiæb|
Nv‡oi e¨vqvg
†mvRv n‡q ùvwo‡q ev e‡m Nvo evg w`‡K KvZ K‡i K‡qK †m‡KÛ †i‡L †mvRv
n‡q Wvb w`‡K KvZ Kiæb| Gfv‡e K‡qKevi Kiæb|
Nvo mvg‡bi w`‡K Suy‡K Zzwb ey‡Ki mv‡_ jvMvb| 3 †m‡KÛ †i‡L †mvRv n‡q
wcQ‡bi w`‡K hZUzKz m¤¢e wbPz Kib| Gfv‡e K‡qKevi Kiæb|
nvZ Ges Kwâi e¨vqvg
 †mvRv n‡q emv ev ùvwo‡q `yÕnvZ‡K mvg‡bi w`‡K cÖmvwiZ (G‡Kev‡i
wX‡j K‡i) K‡i Dc‡i wb‡P K‡qKevi SvKvb|
 nv‡Zi Avs¸j¸‡jv gywóe× Kiæb Ges gy³ Kiæb| Gfv‡e K‡qKevi Kiæb|
 GK nv‡Zi Kwâ‡K Ab¨ nvZ w`‡q a‡i nvZ gywóe× K‡i NwoK KuvUvi
w`‡K Ges wecixZ w`‡K Nyivb|
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cv‡qi e¨vqvg
 K‡qKevi RwMs Kiæb| GK cv‡q `vwo‡q Ab¨ cv mvg‡bi w`‡K Qy‡o
w`b| Gfv‡e K‡qKevi Kiæb|
 GK cv‡q (wP‡Îi gZ) `vwo‡q Ab¨ cv‡K mvg‡bi w`‡K Dc‡i DwV‡q
`yB nvZ w`‡q K‡qK †m‡KÛ a‡i ivLyb|
 †mvRv n‡q `vwo‡q GK nvZ †`qvj ev Ab¨ †Kvb Dj¤^ e¯Íy‡Z a‡i
Av‡iK cv wcQ‡bi w`‡K †fs‡M nvZ w`‡q a‡i ivLyb| Gfv‡e K‡qKevi
Kiæb|
Kuv‡ai e¨vqvg
†giæ`Û †mvRv †i‡L emyb| cv †d¬v‡ii mgZ‡j ivLyb Ges nvZ wb‡Pi w`‡K †Q‡o
†mvRv ivLyb, hv‡Z Avs¸j¸‡jv †d¬v‡ii w`‡K _v‡K| Kuva Kv‡bi jwZ ch©šÍ
DwV‡q Avevi bvwg‡q w`b| Gfv‡e K‡qKevi Kiæb|
B‡jK‡Uªv g¨vM‡bwUK †iwW‡qkb
hviv `xN© mgq KgwcDUv‡i KvR K‡i Zv‡`i wW‡cÖkb, GjvwR©, Pg©‡ivMmn AviI
A‡bK ai‡bi Amyweav †`Lv hvq| weÁvbxiv G¸‡jvi Rb¨ g~jZ B‡jK‡Uªv
†gM‡bwUK †iwW‡qkb‡K `vqx K‡i‡Qb eo eo K¤cvwb¸‡jv †iwW‡qkb gy³
hš¿cvwZ ˆZwi Kivi †P÷v Ki‡Q| KgwcDUvi †Kbvi mgq G e¨vcv‡i mZK© _vKv
DwPZ| Kg †iwW‡qkb nq Ggb me hš¿cvwZ †Kbv DwPZ|

Mf©eZx‡ì Rb¨ KgwcDUvi eënvi Kiv ÿwZKi
Mf©eZx gwnjv‡ì KgwcDUv‡i KvR Kiv DwPZ bq| M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q Mf©eZx
gwnjv‡ì g‡a¨ hviv 20 N›UviI †ewk KgwcDUvi eënvi K‡i‡Qb Zv‡ì
Micrariases, Pre-mature Ges Still born wkï n‡q‡Q| KgwcDUv‡ii
B‡jK‡Uªvg¨vM‡bwUK iwk¥ Ges Ab¨vb¨ KviY Gi Rb¨ `vqx| ZvB Mf©eZx gwnjviv
KgwcDUvi eënvi Ki‡j Zv‡ì Mf©¯’ mšÍv‡bi Dci ÿwZKi cÖfve co‡Z cv‡i|
†jRvi wcÖ›Uv‡ii ÿwZKi w`K
†jRvi wcÖÈvi n‡Z wbM©Z IRb Avcbvi ÿwZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| †jRvi wcÖÈvi †_‡K
DrcwË IRb bvK, †PvL, Mjvi wgDKvm †ggib wbtm„Z K‡i| IR‡bi G ÿwZKi
w`K wPšÍv K‡i AvaywbK g‡W‡ji A‡bK †jRvi wcÖÈv‡i IRb wdëvi Kivi †Póv
Pj‡Q| Avgv‡ì †`‡k GL‡bv A‡bK cyiv‡bv g‡W‡ji †jRvi wcÖ›Uvi eëüZ n‡”Q
hv ÿwZKi|
cÖwZ‡iva
 e× N‡i KvR Ki‡eb bv| e× N‡i †hLv‡b †fw›U‡jkb Ges weï×
evZvm †bB †mLv‡b IRb ¯Íi gvivZœK AvKvi aviY K‡i| ZvB wcÖÈvi
eënv‡ii †ÿ‡Î Rvbvjv †Lvjv †i‡L iæ‡g evZvm PjvP‡ji Ae¯’v Kiv
DwPZ| KviY IRb weky× evZv‡m `ªexf‚Z n‡q hvq d‡j ÿwZi m¤¢vebv
K‡g hvq|
 Gwm hy³ Gqvi cÖ‡U± iæg‡K gv‡S gv‡S ìRv-Rvbvjv Ly‡j Ave× evqy
†ei Kiv DwPZ hwÌ Gwm `ywlZ evqy Pz‡l †bq|
 ïaygvÎ Kv‡Ri mgq wcÖ›Uvi Ab Kiæb| eënvi bv n‡j eÜ K‡i w`b|
 wcÖ›Uvi‡K GKUz `~‡i ivLyb|
 wcÖ›Uv‡i hw` IRb wdëvi _v‡K Zvn‡j mgqgZ Zv cwieZ©b Kiæb|
j¨vcU‡c KvR Kivi cwi‡ek
j¨vcUc KgwcDUvi IRb Kg, e¨vUvwi‡Z Pvjbv Kiv hvq weavq GwU wewfbœ
RvqMvq mn‡R enb Kiv hvq| j¨vcU‡c A‡bK mgq a‡i KvR Ki‡Z nq weavq
Gi Rb¨ fvj Kv‡Ri cwi‡ek ìKvi|
 IqvK©GwiqvwU my›ì cwicvwU nIqv DwPZ|
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 KvR Kivi mgq hv‡Z †`n ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Zfv‡e _v‡K †mRb¨ †W¯‹ Ges †Pqvi
†mfv‡e cQ›` Ki‡Z n‡e Ges D”PZv †mwUs Kiv DwPZ|
 ‡Pqv‡ii e¨vK hw` GWRv÷ Kivi e¨e¯’v _v‡K Zvn‡j wc‡Vi Rb¨ Avivg`vqK
Ae¯’vq GWRv÷ K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
 cv‡qi cvZv‡K †d¬v‡ii mgZ‡j K‡i ivL‡Z n‡e hv‡Z nvUz Ges Gjey mwVK
Ae¯’v‡b (beŸyB wWMÖxi g‡Zv Ae¯’vq) _v‡K|
 nvZ‡K †W‡¯‹i Dci Ggbfv‡e ivL‡Z n‡e hv‡Z KwâØq mv‡cvU© cvq|
 w¯Œb (GjwmwW c¨v‡bj‡K) Ggb Ae¯’v‡b (G¨vs‡M‡j) ivL‡Z n‡e hv‡Z †`Lv
¯^v”Q›`gq nq|
†Pqv‡ii D”PZv
GWRv÷ Kiv
†mvRv n‡q e‡m wcV‡K
†Pqv‡ii mv‡_ jvwM‡q
ivLv
AvivgRbKfv‡e nvZ Ges
cv ivLv
GjwmwW c¨v‡bj‡K
euvKv K‡i myweavRbK
†KŠwbK Ae¯’v‡b ivLv
†W‡¯‹i D”PZv
GWRv÷ Kiv

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