The document provides an overview of male reproductive system development from the primordial germ cells arriving in the genital ridges in the 5th week of development through testicular descent. Key points include:
- The genital ridges develop into either testes or ovaries depending on the presence or absence of the SRY gene on the Y chromosome.
- In males, the SRY gene causes development of the mesonephric duct system and regression of the paramesonephric duct system.
- The testes descend from the abdomen into the scrotum between the 2nd and 9th months of development guided by the gubernaculum.
The developmental anatomy of reproductive systemSahar Hafeez
This lecture encompasses the pertinent structural details of the sequence of embryological development of the male and female reproductive tracts. Focusing over the detail of differentiation of gonadal ridges into male & female gonads and development of the duct systems in both sexes during the first few weeks intrauterine life.
Development of the male& female genital system.pptxJwan AlSofi
The document summarizes the development of the male and female genital systems from an indifferent stage. It describes how in males, the presence of SRY leads testes to develop from indifferent gonads, while in females without SRY ovaries develop. It outlines the development of testes, ovaries, male ducts including epididymis and vas deferens, and female ducts including uterus and vagina from indifferent ducts. External genitalia also develop differently in males under testosterone versus females.
1. The genital system develops from the intermediate mesoderm, celomic epithelium, and part of the cloaca. Genetic sex is established at fertilization as XY or XX.
2. Between 4-12 weeks, the genital ridges develop into testes or ovaries depending on the presence of SRY gene on Y chromosome. This gene encodes TDF which leads to male development.
3. The genital ducts initially consist of the mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts. In males, the mesonephric ducts form the epididymis, vas deferens, and ejaculatory duct while the paramesonephric ducts regress. In females
1) Between weeks 1-6 of development, the reproductive systems of female and male embryos are indistinguishable, even though the genotype is established at fertilization. By week 12, some sex characteristics emerge and by week 20 differentiation is complete.
2) The indifferent gonads develop from an elevation in the intermediate mesoderm called the urogenital ridge. Primordial germ cells migrate into the indifferent gonad, with male cells colonizing the medulla and female cells the cortex.
3) The SRY gene on the Y chromosome causes the indifferent gonad to develop into testes. Testes produce testosterone and MIF, directing phenotypic male development, while lack of these hormones results in female
The male and female reproductive systems develop initially embryonically "indifferent", it is the product of the Y chromosome SRY gene that makes the "difference".
♂ - Male ♀ - Female
The reproductive organs are developed from the intermediate mesoderm.
The permanent organs of the adult are preceded by a set of structures which are purely embryonic, and which with the exception of the ducts disappear almost entirely before the end of fetal life.
These embryonic structures are the mesonephric ducts (also known as Wolffian ducts) and the paramesonephric ducts, (also known as Müllerian ducts). The mesonephric duct remains as the duct in males which gives rise to seminal vesical, epididymes and vas deferens, and the paramesonephric duct as that of the female.
Importantly its sex chromosome dependence, late embryonic/fetal differential development, complex morphogenic changes, long time-course, hormonal sensitivity and hormonal influences make it a system prone to many different abnormalities.
Gonads:
Gonads Produce eggs and sperm cells, transport and sustain egg and sperm cells, nurture developing offspring, and produce hormones.
The gonads, ovary or testis, also develop in the intermediate mesoderm.
They originally form as swellings that lie just ventral to the anterior mesonephric kidney.
A mullarian duct also develops in the intermediate mesoderm near the mesonephric duct.
Due to fusion or failure of 1st ridge to differentiate, some vertebrates (agnathans, some female lizards & crocodilians, & most female birds) have a single testis or ovary.
Hormones cause differentiation of early gonads into either testes or ovaries.
As males develop the mesonephric duct makes connection with the testis as the primary sperm conducting duct, and the mullerian duct is lost.
The document summarizes the anatomy and development of the female reproductive system. It describes the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix, vagina, vulva, and their structure and function. It also discusses the embryonic development of the gonads, genital ducts, and external genitalia in both males and females. Key hormones produced by the hypothalamus and pituitary glands that regulate the reproductive system are also outlined.
Development and congenital anomalies of urogenital systemJayeta Choudhury
The document discusses development and congenital anomalies of the urogenital system. It begins by explaining how the urinary and genital systems develop from a common ridge in the embryo and open into a common channel, the cloaca. It then describes the development of the three kidney systems - pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros. Next, it discusses anomalies that can occur, including anomalies of form (agenesis, hypoplasia, supernumerary kidneys), position (malrotation, ectopic kidneys), and fusion (horseshoe kidney, crossed fused renal ectopia, cake kidney). It concludes by covering congenital cystic renal diseases and the approach to differentiating them using ultrasound findings
The developmental anatomy of reproductive systemSahar Hafeez
This lecture encompasses the pertinent structural details of the sequence of embryological development of the male and female reproductive tracts. Focusing over the detail of differentiation of gonadal ridges into male & female gonads and development of the duct systems in both sexes during the first few weeks intrauterine life.
Development of the male& female genital system.pptxJwan AlSofi
The document summarizes the development of the male and female genital systems from an indifferent stage. It describes how in males, the presence of SRY leads testes to develop from indifferent gonads, while in females without SRY ovaries develop. It outlines the development of testes, ovaries, male ducts including epididymis and vas deferens, and female ducts including uterus and vagina from indifferent ducts. External genitalia also develop differently in males under testosterone versus females.
1. The genital system develops from the intermediate mesoderm, celomic epithelium, and part of the cloaca. Genetic sex is established at fertilization as XY or XX.
2. Between 4-12 weeks, the genital ridges develop into testes or ovaries depending on the presence of SRY gene on Y chromosome. This gene encodes TDF which leads to male development.
3. The genital ducts initially consist of the mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts. In males, the mesonephric ducts form the epididymis, vas deferens, and ejaculatory duct while the paramesonephric ducts regress. In females
1) Between weeks 1-6 of development, the reproductive systems of female and male embryos are indistinguishable, even though the genotype is established at fertilization. By week 12, some sex characteristics emerge and by week 20 differentiation is complete.
2) The indifferent gonads develop from an elevation in the intermediate mesoderm called the urogenital ridge. Primordial germ cells migrate into the indifferent gonad, with male cells colonizing the medulla and female cells the cortex.
3) The SRY gene on the Y chromosome causes the indifferent gonad to develop into testes. Testes produce testosterone and MIF, directing phenotypic male development, while lack of these hormones results in female
The male and female reproductive systems develop initially embryonically "indifferent", it is the product of the Y chromosome SRY gene that makes the "difference".
♂ - Male ♀ - Female
The reproductive organs are developed from the intermediate mesoderm.
The permanent organs of the adult are preceded by a set of structures which are purely embryonic, and which with the exception of the ducts disappear almost entirely before the end of fetal life.
These embryonic structures are the mesonephric ducts (also known as Wolffian ducts) and the paramesonephric ducts, (also known as Müllerian ducts). The mesonephric duct remains as the duct in males which gives rise to seminal vesical, epididymes and vas deferens, and the paramesonephric duct as that of the female.
Importantly its sex chromosome dependence, late embryonic/fetal differential development, complex morphogenic changes, long time-course, hormonal sensitivity and hormonal influences make it a system prone to many different abnormalities.
Gonads:
Gonads Produce eggs and sperm cells, transport and sustain egg and sperm cells, nurture developing offspring, and produce hormones.
The gonads, ovary or testis, also develop in the intermediate mesoderm.
They originally form as swellings that lie just ventral to the anterior mesonephric kidney.
A mullarian duct also develops in the intermediate mesoderm near the mesonephric duct.
Due to fusion or failure of 1st ridge to differentiate, some vertebrates (agnathans, some female lizards & crocodilians, & most female birds) have a single testis or ovary.
Hormones cause differentiation of early gonads into either testes or ovaries.
As males develop the mesonephric duct makes connection with the testis as the primary sperm conducting duct, and the mullerian duct is lost.
The document summarizes the anatomy and development of the female reproductive system. It describes the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix, vagina, vulva, and their structure and function. It also discusses the embryonic development of the gonads, genital ducts, and external genitalia in both males and females. Key hormones produced by the hypothalamus and pituitary glands that regulate the reproductive system are also outlined.
Development and congenital anomalies of urogenital systemJayeta Choudhury
The document discusses development and congenital anomalies of the urogenital system. It begins by explaining how the urinary and genital systems develop from a common ridge in the embryo and open into a common channel, the cloaca. It then describes the development of the three kidney systems - pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros. Next, it discusses anomalies that can occur, including anomalies of form (agenesis, hypoplasia, supernumerary kidneys), position (malrotation, ectopic kidneys), and fusion (horseshoe kidney, crossed fused renal ectopia, cake kidney). It concludes by covering congenital cystic renal diseases and the approach to differentiating them using ultrasound findings
The genital system develops from three main sources: the primordial germ cells, the indifferent gonads that develop into either ovaries or testes, and the genital ducts including the Müllerian and Wolffian ducts. In males, testosterone causes the Wolffian ducts to form the epididymis, vas deferens and seminal vesicles while regressing the Müllerian ducts. In females, the lack of testosterone causes the Müllerian ducts to form the fallopian tubes, uterus and upper vagina while regressing the Wolffian ducts. The external genitalia initially develop in an indifferent state before differentiating into either male or female forms based on hormone levels.
Development of the female reproductive systemAhmad Atere
The female reproductive system develops from indifferent gonads that are initially the same in males and females. In the absence of the SRY gene, the gonads develop into ovaries containing primordial follicles. The paramesonephric ducts fuse to form the uterus and fallopian tubes, while the mesonephric ducts regress. The vagina develops from sinovaginal bulbs, and external genitalia are feminized under the influence of estrogen to form the clitoris and labia.
This document describes the development of the male genital system from the indifferent stage through differentiation and formation of the testes and external genitalia. It begins with the formation of the genital ridges and primordial germ cells. In males, under the influence of SRY gene, the ridges develop into testes containing seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells. The testes descend into the scrotum and the mesonephric ducts form the epididymis, vas deferens and seminal vesicles. Initially the genital ducts and external genitalia are indifferent, later differentiating into male structures.
1. The document describes the development of the male and female genital systems from early embryonic stages through formation of the internal and external genitalia.
2. Key events include formation of the genital ridges which develop into testes in males and ovaries in females, descent of the testes into the scrotum, development of the duct systems including the vas deferens and epididymis in males and Mullerian duct regression leading to formation of the uterus and vagina in females.
3. External genitalia develop from the genital tubercle and swellings, with the penis and scrotum forming in males and clitoris, labia, and vagina developing in females.
This document summarizes the development of the female genital tract in three stages: sex determination, differentiation of internal genital organs, and differentiation of external genital organs. Sex is determined at fertilization by the presence of an X or Y chromosome. In females, the Mullerian duct develops into the fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper vagina. The ovaries descend into the pelvis. External genitalia are influenced by estrogen, forming the clitoris and labia from genital tubercles and cloacal folds.
1. During the first 6 weeks of development, the reproductive systems of male and female embryos are indistinguishable, though genetic sex is determined at fertilization.
2. Between weeks 4-6, primordial germ cells migrate into the indifferent gonads. In males, these cells will colonize the medulla, while in females they will colonize the cortex.
3. Phenotypic sex differentiation is determined by the presence or absence of the Sry gene on the Y chromosome. In males, Sry causes development of the testes and production of testosterone and Müllerian inhibiting factor, leading to male development. In females without Sry, the absence of these factors results in female development.
The document summarizes the development of the female genital system from indifferent gonads to internal and external structures. It describes how in the absence of the SRY gene, the gonads develop into ovaries through proliferation of surface epithelium into cortical cords containing primordial follicles. The paramesonephric ducts fuse to form the uterovaginal canal and give rise to the uterus and upper vagina. The lower vagina develops from sinovaginal bulbs. External structures like the labia, clitoris and vestibule form from the genital tubercle and urogenital folds. Anomalies can occur if fusion of ducts is incomplete.
The document discusses the embryology of the urogenital system and development of the genital system. It covers topics like:
- The indifferent stage of development before sexual differentiation occurs.
- Formation of the gonads from mesoderm and primordial germ cells.
- Role of the SRY gene in triggering testis development in males.
- Development of the ovaries, testes, genital ducts, and external genitalia in both sexes.
The document describes the development of the placenta and umbilical cord from fertilization through gestation. It discusses the stages of embryogenesis including cleavage, morula, blastula, and gastrula. It then describes the formation and differentiation of the chorionic villi and decidua, and the roles they play in nutrient and gas exchange between mother and fetus. Finally, it summarizes the key functions of the mature placenta including breathing, nutrition, waste removal, and establishing an immunological barrier between mother and fetus.
The document summarizes the development of the genitourinary system during intrauterine life. It discusses the development of the pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros. It describes how the ureteric bud forms the collecting system of the definitive kidney. It also discusses the development of the gonads, testis, male external genitalia and prostate. Congenital anomalies that can affect the kidney, ureter and bladder are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of craniofacial growth and development from embryological stages through postnatal growth. It describes the normal development from fertilization through formation of the germ layers and embryonic structures. Key structures like the pharyngeal arches and their derivatives are discussed. Theories of craniofacial growth and factors influencing growth such as genetics and nutrition are briefly introduced. The document serves as a lecture on applying embryological principles to understanding craniofacial development and orthodontics.
Human reproduction involves the joining of an ovum and spermatozoid through fertilization to form a zygote. The female reproductive system includes ovaries that produce ova and a uterus that supports embryo development. The male reproductive system includes testes that produce spermatozoa and accessory glands. During puberty, secondary sex characteristics like breast development and facial hair emerge due to hormonal changes. Fertilization is a multi-step process where a sperm penetrates an ovum in the fallopian tube, their genetic material combines, and an embryo is formed. The embryo implants in the uterus and develops over nine months of gestation into a fetus, preparing for birth.
The document discusses male and female reproductive systems. It describes how sperm is produced through spermatogenesis in the testes in a 2.5 month process, and stored in the epididymis. Upon sexual stimulation, sperm mixes with fluids from the seminal vesicles and prostate to form semen, which is then ejaculated. It also briefly outlines the female menstrual cycle and key parts of the male anatomy like the testes and penis.
The document discusses male and female reproductive systems. It describes how sperm is produced through spermatogenesis in the testes in a 2.5 month process, and stored in the epididymis. Upon sexual stimulation, sperm mixes with fluids from the seminal vesicles and prostate to form semen, which is then ejaculated. It also briefly outlines the female menstrual cycle and key parts of the male anatomy like the testes and penis.
Sexual differentiation in men and women with special attention to: Gonads, Mullerian structures, Wolffian ducts and urogenital sinus.
Examples of gonadal dysgenesis
Disorders of Sexual differentiation phenotype, chromosomal background, biological background, mechanism of hormonal disruption and endocrinological mechanisms leading to: Swyer syndrome, Androgen insensitivity syndrome and masculinization of female fetus in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Describe three uterine anomalies resulting from variation in the fusion of Muller’s tubercles.
Describe the anatomical situation in a patient with Mayer-Rokitanski-Kuster
More presentations on https://www.drbbgosai.com/
Overview of Embryology in the Reproductive System.pptxMitilam Oliver
1. The document outlines the key stages of embryology from fertilization through fetal development, including implantation of the blastocyst, formation of the germ layers and early embryo, and development of organ systems and the reproductive tract.
2. It describes the development of the genitourinary system from the mesonephros and mesonephric ducts and the formation of the kidneys from the metanephros.
3. Sexual differentiation is defined by genetics, gonadal development into ovaries or testes, and the influence of hormones like testosterone on the differentiation of internal and external genitalia.
The document describes the development of the male and female reproductive systems from the indifferent stage through sexual differentiation. It covers the development of the gonads (testes and ovaries), genital ducts, and external genitalia. Some key points include:
- The gonads initially develop as indifferent gonads before differentiating into testes or ovaries depending on the presence of the SRY gene on the Y chromosome.
- The genital ducts also initially develop in an indifferent stage before the mesonephric ducts develop into male structures like the epididymis and vas deferens, while the paramesonephric ducts develop into female structures like the uterus and fallopian tubes.
- External
Human embryology is the study of prenatal human development from fertilization through birth. There are three main periods of development - the pre-embryonic period from fertilization to 2 weeks, the embryonic period from 3-8 weeks, and the fetal period from 9 weeks until birth. Gametogenesis refers to the formation of male and female sex cells or gametes through processes of meiosis and mitosis in the ovaries and testes. Fertilization occurs when a sperm fuses with an egg to form a zygote, initiating the embryonic development process.
Development of oral cavity and face .ppt by dr. samidha aroraSamidha Arora
The document summarizes the development of the oral cavity and face from the 4th week of embryonic development. It discusses how the frontonasal process, nasal placodes, maxillary processes, and mandibular processes give rise to different structures of the face. It also describes the development of the palate from palatal shelves growing from the maxillary processes that later fuse together.
male reproductive system, spermatogensis, sperm.pptxAnju Kumawat
The document describes the male reproductive system. It discusses the testes, which produce sperm and hormones. Sperm are formed through spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. From there, sperm pass through the rete testis into the epididymis for storage and maturation. The epididymis leads to the vas deferens, which joins the seminal vesicles and prostate to form the ejaculatory ducts. During ejaculation, secretions from the accessory glands mix with sperm to form semen, which is then expelled through the urethra.
This document provides information about the three main types of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.
Skeletal muscle is striated, voluntary muscle that is attached to bones. It contains elongated cells with many nuclei and visible striations. Skeletal muscle functions include movement, posture, and joint stabilization.
Cardiac muscle is striated, involuntary muscle found in the heart. Under the microscope, cardiac muscle shows cross-striations and an intercalated disk between cells.
Smooth muscle is involuntary, non-striated muscle. It forms sheets or bundles and is found in organs like blood vessels, digestive tract, and reproductive system. Smooth muscle cells are spindle-shaped with a single central nucleus.
The female reproductive system contains the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina. The ovaries contain eggs and produce hormones. The fallopian tubes connect the ovaries to the uterus and allow eggs to move to the uterus. The uterus houses and nourishes a fertilized egg. The vagina is the copulatory and birthing canal. Other structures include the vulva and accessory glands. The broad ligament anchors the uterus and contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics connecting the reproductive organs.
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Similar to compress_developmentofthemalereproductivesystem-170422070219 (1)_20230105030840.pdf
The genital system develops from three main sources: the primordial germ cells, the indifferent gonads that develop into either ovaries or testes, and the genital ducts including the Müllerian and Wolffian ducts. In males, testosterone causes the Wolffian ducts to form the epididymis, vas deferens and seminal vesicles while regressing the Müllerian ducts. In females, the lack of testosterone causes the Müllerian ducts to form the fallopian tubes, uterus and upper vagina while regressing the Wolffian ducts. The external genitalia initially develop in an indifferent state before differentiating into either male or female forms based on hormone levels.
Development of the female reproductive systemAhmad Atere
The female reproductive system develops from indifferent gonads that are initially the same in males and females. In the absence of the SRY gene, the gonads develop into ovaries containing primordial follicles. The paramesonephric ducts fuse to form the uterus and fallopian tubes, while the mesonephric ducts regress. The vagina develops from sinovaginal bulbs, and external genitalia are feminized under the influence of estrogen to form the clitoris and labia.
This document describes the development of the male genital system from the indifferent stage through differentiation and formation of the testes and external genitalia. It begins with the formation of the genital ridges and primordial germ cells. In males, under the influence of SRY gene, the ridges develop into testes containing seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells. The testes descend into the scrotum and the mesonephric ducts form the epididymis, vas deferens and seminal vesicles. Initially the genital ducts and external genitalia are indifferent, later differentiating into male structures.
1. The document describes the development of the male and female genital systems from early embryonic stages through formation of the internal and external genitalia.
2. Key events include formation of the genital ridges which develop into testes in males and ovaries in females, descent of the testes into the scrotum, development of the duct systems including the vas deferens and epididymis in males and Mullerian duct regression leading to formation of the uterus and vagina in females.
3. External genitalia develop from the genital tubercle and swellings, with the penis and scrotum forming in males and clitoris, labia, and vagina developing in females.
This document summarizes the development of the female genital tract in three stages: sex determination, differentiation of internal genital organs, and differentiation of external genital organs. Sex is determined at fertilization by the presence of an X or Y chromosome. In females, the Mullerian duct develops into the fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper vagina. The ovaries descend into the pelvis. External genitalia are influenced by estrogen, forming the clitoris and labia from genital tubercles and cloacal folds.
1. During the first 6 weeks of development, the reproductive systems of male and female embryos are indistinguishable, though genetic sex is determined at fertilization.
2. Between weeks 4-6, primordial germ cells migrate into the indifferent gonads. In males, these cells will colonize the medulla, while in females they will colonize the cortex.
3. Phenotypic sex differentiation is determined by the presence or absence of the Sry gene on the Y chromosome. In males, Sry causes development of the testes and production of testosterone and Müllerian inhibiting factor, leading to male development. In females without Sry, the absence of these factors results in female development.
The document summarizes the development of the female genital system from indifferent gonads to internal and external structures. It describes how in the absence of the SRY gene, the gonads develop into ovaries through proliferation of surface epithelium into cortical cords containing primordial follicles. The paramesonephric ducts fuse to form the uterovaginal canal and give rise to the uterus and upper vagina. The lower vagina develops from sinovaginal bulbs. External structures like the labia, clitoris and vestibule form from the genital tubercle and urogenital folds. Anomalies can occur if fusion of ducts is incomplete.
The document discusses the embryology of the urogenital system and development of the genital system. It covers topics like:
- The indifferent stage of development before sexual differentiation occurs.
- Formation of the gonads from mesoderm and primordial germ cells.
- Role of the SRY gene in triggering testis development in males.
- Development of the ovaries, testes, genital ducts, and external genitalia in both sexes.
The document describes the development of the placenta and umbilical cord from fertilization through gestation. It discusses the stages of embryogenesis including cleavage, morula, blastula, and gastrula. It then describes the formation and differentiation of the chorionic villi and decidua, and the roles they play in nutrient and gas exchange between mother and fetus. Finally, it summarizes the key functions of the mature placenta including breathing, nutrition, waste removal, and establishing an immunological barrier between mother and fetus.
The document summarizes the development of the genitourinary system during intrauterine life. It discusses the development of the pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros. It describes how the ureteric bud forms the collecting system of the definitive kidney. It also discusses the development of the gonads, testis, male external genitalia and prostate. Congenital anomalies that can affect the kidney, ureter and bladder are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of craniofacial growth and development from embryological stages through postnatal growth. It describes the normal development from fertilization through formation of the germ layers and embryonic structures. Key structures like the pharyngeal arches and their derivatives are discussed. Theories of craniofacial growth and factors influencing growth such as genetics and nutrition are briefly introduced. The document serves as a lecture on applying embryological principles to understanding craniofacial development and orthodontics.
Human reproduction involves the joining of an ovum and spermatozoid through fertilization to form a zygote. The female reproductive system includes ovaries that produce ova and a uterus that supports embryo development. The male reproductive system includes testes that produce spermatozoa and accessory glands. During puberty, secondary sex characteristics like breast development and facial hair emerge due to hormonal changes. Fertilization is a multi-step process where a sperm penetrates an ovum in the fallopian tube, their genetic material combines, and an embryo is formed. The embryo implants in the uterus and develops over nine months of gestation into a fetus, preparing for birth.
The document discusses male and female reproductive systems. It describes how sperm is produced through spermatogenesis in the testes in a 2.5 month process, and stored in the epididymis. Upon sexual stimulation, sperm mixes with fluids from the seminal vesicles and prostate to form semen, which is then ejaculated. It also briefly outlines the female menstrual cycle and key parts of the male anatomy like the testes and penis.
The document discusses male and female reproductive systems. It describes how sperm is produced through spermatogenesis in the testes in a 2.5 month process, and stored in the epididymis. Upon sexual stimulation, sperm mixes with fluids from the seminal vesicles and prostate to form semen, which is then ejaculated. It also briefly outlines the female menstrual cycle and key parts of the male anatomy like the testes and penis.
Sexual differentiation in men and women with special attention to: Gonads, Mullerian structures, Wolffian ducts and urogenital sinus.
Examples of gonadal dysgenesis
Disorders of Sexual differentiation phenotype, chromosomal background, biological background, mechanism of hormonal disruption and endocrinological mechanisms leading to: Swyer syndrome, Androgen insensitivity syndrome and masculinization of female fetus in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Describe three uterine anomalies resulting from variation in the fusion of Muller’s tubercles.
Describe the anatomical situation in a patient with Mayer-Rokitanski-Kuster
More presentations on https://www.drbbgosai.com/
Overview of Embryology in the Reproductive System.pptxMitilam Oliver
1. The document outlines the key stages of embryology from fertilization through fetal development, including implantation of the blastocyst, formation of the germ layers and early embryo, and development of organ systems and the reproductive tract.
2. It describes the development of the genitourinary system from the mesonephros and mesonephric ducts and the formation of the kidneys from the metanephros.
3. Sexual differentiation is defined by genetics, gonadal development into ovaries or testes, and the influence of hormones like testosterone on the differentiation of internal and external genitalia.
The document describes the development of the male and female reproductive systems from the indifferent stage through sexual differentiation. It covers the development of the gonads (testes and ovaries), genital ducts, and external genitalia. Some key points include:
- The gonads initially develop as indifferent gonads before differentiating into testes or ovaries depending on the presence of the SRY gene on the Y chromosome.
- The genital ducts also initially develop in an indifferent stage before the mesonephric ducts develop into male structures like the epididymis and vas deferens, while the paramesonephric ducts develop into female structures like the uterus and fallopian tubes.
- External
Human embryology is the study of prenatal human development from fertilization through birth. There are three main periods of development - the pre-embryonic period from fertilization to 2 weeks, the embryonic period from 3-8 weeks, and the fetal period from 9 weeks until birth. Gametogenesis refers to the formation of male and female sex cells or gametes through processes of meiosis and mitosis in the ovaries and testes. Fertilization occurs when a sperm fuses with an egg to form a zygote, initiating the embryonic development process.
Development of oral cavity and face .ppt by dr. samidha aroraSamidha Arora
The document summarizes the development of the oral cavity and face from the 4th week of embryonic development. It discusses how the frontonasal process, nasal placodes, maxillary processes, and mandibular processes give rise to different structures of the face. It also describes the development of the palate from palatal shelves growing from the maxillary processes that later fuse together.
male reproductive system, spermatogensis, sperm.pptxAnju Kumawat
The document describes the male reproductive system. It discusses the testes, which produce sperm and hormones. Sperm are formed through spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. From there, sperm pass through the rete testis into the epididymis for storage and maturation. The epididymis leads to the vas deferens, which joins the seminal vesicles and prostate to form the ejaculatory ducts. During ejaculation, secretions from the accessory glands mix with sperm to form semen, which is then expelled through the urethra.
Similar to compress_developmentofthemalereproductivesystem-170422070219 (1)_20230105030840.pdf (20)
This document provides information about the three main types of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.
Skeletal muscle is striated, voluntary muscle that is attached to bones. It contains elongated cells with many nuclei and visible striations. Skeletal muscle functions include movement, posture, and joint stabilization.
Cardiac muscle is striated, involuntary muscle found in the heart. Under the microscope, cardiac muscle shows cross-striations and an intercalated disk between cells.
Smooth muscle is involuntary, non-striated muscle. It forms sheets or bundles and is found in organs like blood vessels, digestive tract, and reproductive system. Smooth muscle cells are spindle-shaped with a single central nucleus.
The female reproductive system contains the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina. The ovaries contain eggs and produce hormones. The fallopian tubes connect the ovaries to the uterus and allow eggs to move to the uterus. The uterus houses and nourishes a fertilized egg. The vagina is the copulatory and birthing canal. Other structures include the vulva and accessory glands. The broad ligament anchors the uterus and contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics connecting the reproductive organs.
Mycotic vulvovaginitis, also known as a vaginal yeast infection, is caused by the Candida albicans fungus. It is the second most common cause of vaginitis. Vaginal yeast infections are caused by an overgrowth of Candida albicans fungus in the vagina.
During the third week of development, the embryo undergoes gastrulation where the three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) are established. This begins with the formation of the primitive streak, which develops into the primitive node. Cells from the primitive streak migrate inward and replace the hypoblast, forming the endoderm and mesoderm. The notochord also develops during this week, forming from the primitive node and inducing the formation of the neural tube from the overlying ectoderm. The lecture objectives were to define gastrulation, discuss primitive streak development and related anomalies, and describe the development of the notochord, prechordal plate, and cloacal membrane.
This document summarizes the histology of the pancreas and adrenal gland. It describes the exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas, including the acinar cells that secrete enzymes and the islets of Langerhans that contain alpha, beta, delta, and F cells that secrete hormones. It also details the microscopic structure of the adrenal gland, which consists of an outer cortex with three zones that secrete different hormones, and an inner medulla that secretes catecholamines. Blood supply and references are also mentioned.
Ammonia is produced from amino acid catabolism and transported to the liver for urea synthesis. The urea cycle converts ammonia to urea using enzymes in the liver mitochondria and cytosol. Defects in the urea cycle can cause toxic hyperammonemia. Treatment focuses on limiting ammonia intake and increasing excretion through drugs and diet modification. High blood urea levels can occur from prerenal causes like dehydration or heart failure reducing kidney function, or renal failure impairing excretion.
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1. DEVELOPMENT OF THE MALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Dr. Sahar Hafeez – MD
drsaharhafeez@yahoo.com
2016
2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
The students should be able to;
• Briefly describe the process of the arrival of Primordial germ cells with in the genital ridges
• Discuss the formation of the ‘primitive sex cords’
• Discuss the significance and role of SRY gene in the development of gonads
• Enumerate the genital duct systems existing in the ‘indifferent gonad stage’.
• Discuss in detail, the differentiation of Testes and the male duct system.
• Briefly discuss the most common congenital malformations of the male reproductive tract
• Briefly discuss the differentiation & malformations of external genitalia in males.
3. INTERMEDIATE MESODERM
1. Paraxial mesoderm
2. Splanchnopleuric mesoderm
4. Somatopleuric mesoderm
5. Intermediate mesoderm
3. Gut Endoderm
6. Notocord
7. Extra embryonic cavity
8. Dorsal Aortae
9. Neural tube
The Main source of origin is ;
4. • The kidneys, ureters and Reproductive system
develop from Intermediate mesoderm.
• Urinary bladder and urethra develop from
gut endoderm (the urogenital sinus)
5. The beginning
• In the 3rd wk of IUL,
primordial germ cells (PGC)
appear along with the
endodermal cells in the wall of
yolk sac close to the dorsal
mesentery of hind gut.
• They arrive near the genital
ridges at the beginning of the
5th week and invade the ridges
in the 6th week of
development.
Migration of PGC from yolk sac to the gonadal ridges takes place
b/w the 4 – 6 wks of IUL
7. • Although, the sex of the embryo
both chromosomally & genetically is
established at the very first day of
conception (at the time of fertilization), the
developing gonads stay in an
indifferent state till the 7th wk of
IUL
8. • Shortly before the arrival of germ cells, the epithelium of the
genital ridges proliferates. Epithelial cells penetrate the underlying
mesenchyme & there they form a number of irregularly- shaped
cords, the ‘Primitive sex cords’.
9. If the embryo is genetically male (XY).
• Under the influence of the Y chromosome (encoding the
TDF), the primitive sex cords continue to proliferate &
penetrate deep into the ‘medulla’ to form the medullary
cords of Testis.
If the embryo is genetically female (XX).
• In the absence of Y chromosome, the medullary cords of
the indifferent gonad regress and a second generation of
cortical cords of Ovary develop.
Factor determining the differentiation of Gonads
10.
11. Genital duct System in Indifferent Gonad stage
• Both male & female embryos
have initially two pairs of
genital ducts;
• Mesonephric (Wolffian’s)
ducts
• Paramesonephric
(Mullerian’s) ducts.
12. • Mesonephric Ducts: They are the medially located
ducts initially used by the developing kidneys (Mesonephros)
to drain urine into the cloaca. As the ‘mesonephros
degenerates, its duct on each side is used by the developing
‘Testis’
• Paramesonephric Ducts: They are located lateral to
the developing kidneys & mesonephric ducts. The open
cranial ends of these ducts are funnel-shaped. In case of a
female embryo, the two paramesonephric ducts will give rise
to female reproductive tract.
13. • In case of a male embryo,
• the ‘Sertoli cells’ of the developing Testes produce Mullerian-
Inhibiting-Factor/Substance (MIF/MIS) that causes the regression
of Paramesonephric duct system.
• In case of a female embryo,
• the Mesonephric duct system degenerates under the influence of
female hormones.
14. Appearance of Genitalia in an indifferent stage
In 3rd wk of IUL, mesenchymal cells migrate around the cloacal membrane to
form a pair of slightly elevated ‘cloacal folds’
Cranial to the cloacal membrane, the coacal folds unite to form the ‘Genital
tubercle’.
During the 6th wk, cloacal membrane divides into urogenital & anal membranes,
the cloacal folds also subdivide into an anterior pair, the urethral folds and a
posterior pair, the anal folds.
15. Genital swellings & their fate :
Later on, another pair of elevations,
the genital swellings, become visible
on each side of the urethral folds.
– In a male embryo, these swellings
later form ‘scrotal swellings’
– In a female embryo, they will form
the ‘labia majora’.
At the end of 6th wk, it is impossible
to distinguish between the two
sexes.
GT: Genital Tubercle
GS: Genital swelling
UF: Urethral Fold
AF: Anal Fold
17. Early differentiation (male) at 7 weeks of IUL leading to
formation of medullary cords
1.Mesonephric duct (Wolff)
2.PGC
3.Peritoneal cavity
4.Aorta
5.Mesonephric tubule
6.Gonadal cords
7.Coelomic epithelium
8.Intestine
9.Mesentery
10Paramesonephric
duct (Müller)
11.Mesonephric nephron
18. • The testis cords loose contact with the surface
epithelium.
• They got separated from the surface epithelium by a
dense layer of fibrous connective tissue, the ‘Tunica
Albuginea’. (a characteristic feature of the testis).
19. Testicular cords growing into the medulla & appearance of
Tunica albuginea (at 7 wks of IUL)
1.Mesonephric duct (Wolff)
2. Mesonephric nephron
(atrophying)
3. Testicular cords surround the
PGC
4. Aorta
5. Paramesonephric duct (Müller)
6. Mesonephric tubule
7. Testicular cords that grow into
the medulla
8. Tunica albuginea
20. The testicular cords penetrate into medulla, branch within the
tunica albuginea, and form anastomoses among themselves and
with the mesonephric tubules, leading to the formation of rete
testis.
1.Mesonephric duct (Wolff)
2.Testicular cords, surround
the PGC
3.Aorta
4.Paramesonephric duct
(atrophying)
5.Mesonephric tubule
(later efferent ductules)
6.Testicular cords
7.Tunica albuginea
21. The deep portion of testicular cords form straight seminiferous tubules,
which converge to rete testis, from which - on the other side - the
efferent ductules (mesonephric tubules) depart. Finally, they empty into
the mesonephric duct (Wolff).
1.Mesonephric duct (Wolff)
2.PGC surrounded by supporting cells
(Sertoli)
3.Aorta
4.Paramesonephric duct
(degenerating)
5.Efferent ductules
6.Straight seminiferous tubule
7.Tunica albuginea
8.Convoluted seminiferous tubule
9.Rete testis (testicular network)
22. • In the 4th month of IUL, these cords become horseshoe-
shaped, and their extremities are continuous with those of
the ‘Rete testis’
• The cords are now composed of primitive germ cells &
‘sustentacular cells of Sertoli’.
24. Cellular population of Primitive Testes
• Primitive germ cells (Endodermal)
– Migrated from the wall of the yolk sac and arranged themselves in between the
cords of testes
– Multiply extensively and transform into spermatazoa throughout the life of an
individual
• Sustentacular cells of Sertoli (Mesodermal)
– Derived from the surface epithelium of the testes
– Responsible for the production of MIH during the fetal life
– Act like supporting cells of testes after birth
• Interstitial cells of Leydig (Mesodermal)
– derived from intermediate mesoderm of gonadal ridges
– Responsible for the production and release of Testosterone from the 8th wk of IUL
26. • During the 2nd month of IUL, both the testis and mesonephros
are attached to the posterior body wall by a urogenital
mesentery.
• As the mesonephros degenrates, this mesentery becomes a
ligamentous cord, the Gubernaculum.
• Its proximal portion attaches to the caudal pole of the testis.
While, its distal portion initially is attached near the
developing inguinal region.
• As the testis starts its descent towards the inguinal region, an
extra-abdominal portion of the Gubernaculum develops,
passes through the newly formed inguinal canal and attaches
its distal portion into the base of Scrotal skin.
27. At 2 months of IUL
1.Gubernaculum testis
2.Penis
3.Inguinal canal
4.Testis
5.Peritoneal cavity
6.Ductus deferens
The testes reach the level of deep inguinal ring
28. At 3 months of IUL
Pass through the inguinal canal along with the ductus deferens
29. At 7 months of IUL
The shrinking of gubernaculum will pull the testes further down
into the inguinal canal
30. At 9 months of IUL
The testes reach and settle down into the scrotal swelling
31. Section through the scrotum at the time of
birth showing the layers covering the Testis 1. Epidermis
2. Dermis (Dartos muscle)
3. External spermatic fascia
4. cremaster muscle
5. Internal spermatic fascia
6. Parietal layer of the tunica
vaginalis
7. Virtual cavity b/w the two
layers of the tunica vaginalis
8. Visceral layer of the tunica
vaginalis
9. Tunica albuginea
10. Interlobular septum of the
testis
32. Abdominal peritoneum related to the Testes
• An evagination of the abdominal peritoneum, the Processus vaginalis
follows the course of Gubernaculum through the inguinal ring into the
scrotal swellings along with the descending testis.
• As it passes through the canal, it partially surrounds the testis within the
scrotum. Here this layer is known as the ‘tunica vaginalis’.
34. Testicular Hydrocele
• Hydrocele is a fluid-filled cavity
of either testis or spermatic cord,
where peritoneal fluid passes
into a patent processus
vaginalis.
35. Undescended Testis / Cryptorchidism
• It is an abnormality of either unilateral or bilateral testicular
descent, occurring in up to 30% premature and 3-4% term males.
Descent may complete postnatally in the 1st year, failure to descend
can result in sterility.
• The types are classified on whether the testis is located in the
normal descent pathway (true) or in an abnormal location (ectopic).
37. Male duct system
• Ductuli efferentes
• Epididymis
• Vas/Ductus deferens
• Seminal vesicles
• Ejaculatory ducts
38. Development of Accessory glands
Prostate
• Multiple endodermal outgrowths
arise from the prostatic part of
urethra and grow into the
surrounding mesenchyme.
glandular epithelium
differentiates from endodermal
cells.
dense stroma and smooth
muscle of Prostate
differentiates from associated
mesoderm.
Seminal vesicles
They are the glandular outgrowths
from the epithelium of Vas deferens
39. Formation of Male External Genitalia
Under the influence of
Testosterone, the genital tubercle
(GT) elongates rapidly to form
‘phallus’
The phallus pulls the urethral folds
(UF) forward & they form the
lateral walls of the urethral groove
(UG).
The UG extends along the caudal
part of the phallus, but does not
reach the most distal part (the
Glans penis).
Urethral
Plate
40. Formation of Penile Urethra
• At the end of 3rd month, the two
urethral folds close over the urethral
plate, thus forming a canal like
‘penile urethra’.
• This canal doesn’t extend to the tip
of phallus (glans).
• The most distal part/tip of urethra is
formed during the 4th month by the
invagination of ectoderm lining of
the glans
Therefore, the entire Penile urethra has an Endodermal lining, but
the tip of urethra is lined by Ectoderm
41. Development of Scrotal sacs
• The genital/ scrotal swellings are
initially located in the inguinal
region.
• With further development they
move caudally, and each swelling
makes up half of the scrotum.
• The two halves are separated
from each other by a midline
scrotal septum, creating two sacs
for the two testes.
42. Congenital malformations of the Male Urethra
Hypospadias:
• When the fusion of urethral folds is
incomplete.
• Abnormal openings of the urethra
may be found along the inferior
aspect of the penis (Phallus).
• Most frequently, the abnormal
orifices are near the glans, along
the shaft, or near the base of the
penis.
Epispadias:
• In this abnormality, the urethral
meatus is found on the dorsum of
the penis.