The document discusses the concept of structure, defining it as a recognition of patterns and relationships among entities in various fields such as science, philosophy, and art. It outlines major structural forms—natural and man-made—and emphasizes the objectives of structural design including efficiency, economy, and elegance while considering environmental impact. Additionally, it covers basic and advanced structure types, along with various materials used in construction.

1. Structure
N a n g k u l a U t a b e r t a

2. Conten
t:1. Some Principles in Structure
2. Basic Structure
3. Advanced Structure
4. Structure and Materials

3. 1. Some Principles in Structure

4. Structure Definition:
Structure is a fundamental, tangible or intangible notion referring to the recognition,
observation, nature and permanence of patterns and relationship of entities. From a
child's verbal description of a snowflake, to the detailed scientific analysis of the
properties of magnetic fields. the concept of structure is now often an essential
foundation of nearly every mode of inquiry and discovery in science, philosophy and
art. The description of structure implicitly offers an account of what a system is made
of: a configuration of items, a collection of inter-related components or services.
A structure may be a hierarchy (a cascade of one-to-many relationships), a network
featuring many-to-many links, or a lattice featuring connections between components
that are neighbours in space.
In Architecture & Building Study:
Structure is understood as a part of the object (building, bridge, tree etc) which is
responsible for maintaining the shape of the object under the influence of the
environment or anything in contact with structure (vehicle, furniture, human, etc).

5. Major Structural Forms:
There are 2 major structural forms which are
a. Nature
b. Man-Made

6. 1. Nature

7. 2. Man-Made

8. Natural and Built Environment
• Nature has provide valuable insight to designers into
structure and design
• Load carrying mechanisms
• Internal Structure responses to external load Condition
or forces
• Without suitable structural respond to external forces we
cannot survive

9. What is structure ?

11. Objective of Structural Design:
1.Efficiency
2.Economy
3.Elegance
4.But all must consider the environment impact as
well

12. Tree as a Structural
Analogy
1. Trunk is both thick and
strong to carry vertical
loads from Branches
2. Able to withstand lateral
loads
3. Branches stiff enough to
extend laterally and
support system-cantilever
4. Root structure spreads-
below ground to distribute
total weight of tree and to
create substantial anchor
against overturning due to
wind
Rain
Gravity
Snow
Wind
Cantilever
Foundation

13. Structural System:
1.Solid Structure
2.Surface Structure
3.Frame Structure

14. Loads

24. 2. Basic Structure

25. 1. Columns and Wall

30. 2. Beams and Slabs

42. 3. Advanced Structure

43. 1. Trusses

53. 2. Space Frame

55. 3. Geodesic Domes

61. 4. Cable Stays

71. 5. Catenary Cables

80. 6. Arches

85. 7.

91. 8. Shell

102. 9. Folding
Plate

109. 10

114. 11.Pneumati

120. 4. Structure and Materials

121. 1. Mud Construction

122. Gate

123. Dome

124. 2. Traditional Wood

126. 3. Modern Wood

128. Bridge and Dome

129. 4. Traditional brick

133. 5.

135. 6. Reinforced Concrete

137. 7. Iron &

144. 8. Space Frame

146. 9. Cable

148. 10. Surface Structure

156. 11. Pneumatic

159. Thank