SQL injection attacks are easy way to attack the web applications and gain access to the private data in a
database. Using different types of the SQL attacks one can easily gain access, modify the database or can
even remove it. Details such as fields and table names are required for a hacker to modify a database.
Hence, to provide the increased amount of security to users and their data, different types of techniques are
used such as Random4 algorithm, which is based on randomization and used to encrypt the user input,
Hirschberg algorithm which is a divide and conquer technique used to match the query pattern. In this
paper we are providing a comparative study and implementation of these prevention techniques using open
source software.
Survey: Elliptic Curve Cryptography using Scalar Multiplication AlgorithmsAM Publications
Stopping unauthorized access to corporate information systems is crucial for many organizations. In which
Communication security is playing one of the key area of interest to protect the sensitive/valuable data. The data used in
communication is very sensitive/valuable and needs to be protected and made abstract from intruders of system or over the
network. The recent way to provide precious security mechanism of Network security is Cryptography using Elliptic Curve
architectures which is based on the arithmetic of elliptic curves and discrete logarithmic problems. ECC schemes are public-key
based mechanisms that provide Cipher text (Encryption), digital signatures and key exchange algorithms. The most crucial
operation in the cryptosystem is the scalar multiplication operation. In this paper, we study various scalar multiplication
algorithms with respect to the efficiency, weight and features etc. This paper gives an idea about algorithms and the areas where
we need to researchers can proceed further in the computation of cryptosystem.
EARLY DETECTION OF SQL INJECTION ATTACKSIJNSA Journal
SQL Injection (SQLI) is a common vulnerability found in web applications. The starting point of SQLI attack is the client-side (browser). If attack inputs can be detected early at the browse side, then it could be thwarted early by not forwarding the malicious inputs to the server-side for further processing. This paper presents a client-side approach to detect SQLI attacks1 . The client-side accepts shadow SQL queries from the server-side and checks any deviation between shadow queries with dynamic queries generated with user supplied inputs. We measure the deviation of shadow query and dynamic query based on conditional entropy metrics and propose four metrics in this direction. We evaluate the approach with three PHP applications containing SQLI vulnerabilities. The evaluation results indicate that our approach can detect well-known SQLI attacks early at the client-side and impose negligible overhead.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Survey: Elliptic Curve Cryptography using Scalar Multiplication AlgorithmsAM Publications
Stopping unauthorized access to corporate information systems is crucial for many organizations. In which
Communication security is playing one of the key area of interest to protect the sensitive/valuable data. The data used in
communication is very sensitive/valuable and needs to be protected and made abstract from intruders of system or over the
network. The recent way to provide precious security mechanism of Network security is Cryptography using Elliptic Curve
architectures which is based on the arithmetic of elliptic curves and discrete logarithmic problems. ECC schemes are public-key
based mechanisms that provide Cipher text (Encryption), digital signatures and key exchange algorithms. The most crucial
operation in the cryptosystem is the scalar multiplication operation. In this paper, we study various scalar multiplication
algorithms with respect to the efficiency, weight and features etc. This paper gives an idea about algorithms and the areas where
we need to researchers can proceed further in the computation of cryptosystem.
EARLY DETECTION OF SQL INJECTION ATTACKSIJNSA Journal
SQL Injection (SQLI) is a common vulnerability found in web applications. The starting point of SQLI attack is the client-side (browser). If attack inputs can be detected early at the browse side, then it could be thwarted early by not forwarding the malicious inputs to the server-side for further processing. This paper presents a client-side approach to detect SQLI attacks1 . The client-side accepts shadow SQL queries from the server-side and checks any deviation between shadow queries with dynamic queries generated with user supplied inputs. We measure the deviation of shadow query and dynamic query based on conditional entropy metrics and propose four metrics in this direction. We evaluate the approach with three PHP applications containing SQLI vulnerabilities. The evaluation results indicate that our approach can detect well-known SQLI attacks early at the client-side and impose negligible overhead.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
SQL Injection Attack Detection and Prevention Techniques to Secure Web-Siteijtsrd
Structured Query Language (SQL) Injection is a code injection technique that exploits security vulnerability occurring in database layer of web applications [8]. According to Open Web Application Security Projects (OWASP), SQL Injection is one of top 10 web based attacks [10]. This paper shows the basics of SQL Injection attack, types of SQL Injection Attack according to their classification. It also describes the survey of different SQL Injection attack detection and prevention. At the end of this paper, the comparison of different SQL Injection Attack detection and prevention is shown. Mr. Vishal Andodariya"SQL Injection Attack Detection and Prevention Techniques to Secure Web-Site" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd13034.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/13034/sql-injection-attack-detection-and-prevention-techniques-to-secure-web-site/mr-vishal-andodariya
Deployment of Reverse Proxy for the Mitigation of SQL Injection Attacks Using...ijcisjournal
Internet has eased the life of human in numerous ways, but the drawbacks like the intrusions that
are attached with the Internet applications sustains the growth of these applications. Hackers find
new methods to intrude the applications and the web application vulnerability reported is increasing
year after year. One such major vulnerability is the SQL Injection attacks (SQLIA). Since SQLIA
contributes 25% of the total Internet attacks, much research is being carried out in this area. In this
paper we propose a method to detect the SQL injection. We deploy a Reverse proxy that uses the
input-data cleansing algorithm to mitigate SQL Injection Attack. This system has been tested on
standard test bed applications and our work has shown significant improvement in detecting and
curbing the SQLIA.
Deployment of Reverse Proxy for the Mitigation of SQL Injection Attacks Using...ijcisjournal
Internet has eased the life of human in numerous ways, but the drawbacks like the intrusions that are attached with the Internet applications sustains the growth of these applications. Hackers find new methods to intrude the applications and the web application vulnerability reported is increasing year after year. One such major vulnerability is the SQL Injection attacks (SQLIA). Since SQLIA contributes 25% of the total Internet attacks, much research is being carried out in this area. In this paper we propose a method to detect the SQL injection. We deploy a Reverse proxy that uses the input-data cleansing algorithm to mitigate SQL Injection Attack. This system has been tested on standard test bed applications and our work has shown significant improvement in detecting and curbing the SQLIA.
Classification is one of the data mining technique to classify the data. Here, I have tried the different technologies such as Machine Learning and Deep Learning using R Programming Language.
A Technique by using Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System for Intrusion Detection and...IJMER
—This paper proposes a technique uses decision tree for dataset and to find the basic
parameters for creating the membership functions of fuzzy inference system for Intrusion Detection and
Forensics. Approach of generating rules using clustering methods is limited to the problems of
clustering techniques. To trait to solve this problem, several solutions have been proposed using
various Techniques. One such Technique is proposed to be applied here, for an analysis to Intrusion
Detection and Forensics. . Fuzzy Inference approach and decision algorithms are investigated in this
work. Decision tree is used to identify the parameters to create the fuzzy inference system. Fuzzy
inference system used as an input and the final ANFIS structure is generated for intrusion detection
and forensics. The experiments and evaluations of the proposed method were done with NSL-KDD
intrusion detection dataset.
A New System for Clustering and Classification of Intrusion Detection System ...CSCJournals
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) allow to protect systems used by organizations against threats that emerges network connectivity by increasing. The main drawbacks of IDS are the number of alerts generated and failing. By using Self-Organizing Map (SOM), a system is proposed to be able to classify IDS alerts and to reduce false positives alerts. Also some alert filtering and cluster merging algorithm are introduce to improve the accuracy of the proposed system. By the experimental results on DARPA KDD cup 98 the system is able to cluster and classify alerts and causes reducing false positive alerts considerably.
ANOTHER BRICK OFF THE WALL: DECONSTRUCTING WEB APPLICATION FIREWALLS USING AU...Ioannis Stais
Web Applications Firewalls (WAFs) are fundamental building blocks of modern application security. For example, the PCI standard for organizations handling credit card transactions dictates that any application facing the internet should be either protected by a WAF or successfully pass a code review process. Nevertheless, despite their popularity and importance, auditing web application firewalls remains a challenging and complex task. Finding attacks that bypass the firewall usually requires expert domain knowledge for a specific vulnerability class. Thus, penetration testers not armed with this knowledge are left with publicly available lists of attack strings, like the XSS Cheat Sheet, which are usually insufficient for thoroughly evaluating the security of a WAF product.
In this presentation we introduce a novel, efficient, approach for bypassing WAFs using automata learning algorithms. We show that automata learning algorithms can be used to obtain useful models of WAFs. Given such a model, we show how to construct, either manually or automatically, a grammar describing the set of possible attacks which are then tested against the obtained model for the firewall. Moreover, if our system fails to find an attack, a regular expression model of the firewall is generated for further analysis. Using this technique we found over 10 previously unknown vulnerabilities in popular WAFs such as Mod-Security, PHPIDS and Expose allowing us to mount SQL Injection and XSS attacks bypassing the firewalls. Finally, we present LightBulb, an open source python framework for auditing web applications firewalls using the techniques described above. In the release we include the set of grammars used to find the vulnerabilities presented.
This paper presents a comparative analysis of various machine learning classification models for
structured query language injection prevention. The objective is to identify the best-performing model in
terms of accuracy on a given dataset. The study utilizes popular classifiers such as Logistic Regression,
Naive Bayes, Decision Tree, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbors, and Support Vector Machine. Based on
the tests used to evaluate the performance of the classifiers, the Naïve Bayes gets the highest level of
accurate detection. The results show a 97.06% detection rate for the Naïve Bayes, followed by
LogisticRegression (0.9610), Support Vector Machine (0.9586), RandomForest (0.9530), DecisionTree
(0.9069), and K-Nearest Neighbor (0.6937). The code snippet provided demonstrates the implementation
and evaluation of these models.
Automating Analysis and Exploitation of Embedded Device FirmwareMalachi Jones
Dynamic binary analysis tools utilize a combination of techniques that include fuzzing, symbolic execution, and concolic execution to discover exploitable code in sophisticated binaries. Much work has been dedicated to developing automated analysis tools to target mainstream processor architectures (e.g. x86 and x86_64. ). An often overlooked and inadequately addressed area is the development of tools that target embedded systems processors that include PowerPC, MIPS, and SuperH. Historically, a challenge with targeting multiple embedded architectures was that it was often necessary to write an analysis tool for each architecture.
In this talk, we'll discuss an approach for decoupling the architecture specifics from the analysis by utilizing intermediate representation (IR) languages. Intermediate representation languages provide a method to abstract out machine specifics in order to aid in the analysis of computer programs. In particular, the LLVM IR language provides an extensive set of analysis and optimization libraries, along with a JIT engine, that can be collectively utilized to develop architecture-independent automated analysis and exploitation tools.
Prevention of SQL injection in E- Commerceijceronline
Structured Query Language (SQL) injection, in present scenario, emerges as one of the most challenging fact to effect on the online business, as it can expose all of the business transaction related sensitive information which is stored in online database, inclusive of most highly secured sensitive information such as credit card passwords , usernames, login ids, credentials, phone, email id etc. Structured Query Language injection remain a responsibility that when intruder gets the ability with SQL related queries which is passed to a back-end database. The query which is passed by the intruder to the data, can allow the query to data which is an assisting element with database and required operating system. Every SQL Query that allows the inputs from the attacker sides can defect our real web application. Intruder which attempts to insert defective SQL query into an entry field to extract the query so that they can dump the database or alter the database which is known as "code injection technique" and this type of attacker is also called attack vector for websites and usually used by any type of SQL database. Through this research paper, our endeavour is to understand the methodology of SQL injection and also to propose solution to prevent SQL Injection in one of the most vulnerable field of E commerce.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
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SQL Injection Attack Detection and Prevention Techniques to Secure Web-Siteijtsrd
Structured Query Language (SQL) Injection is a code injection technique that exploits security vulnerability occurring in database layer of web applications [8]. According to Open Web Application Security Projects (OWASP), SQL Injection is one of top 10 web based attacks [10]. This paper shows the basics of SQL Injection attack, types of SQL Injection Attack according to their classification. It also describes the survey of different SQL Injection attack detection and prevention. At the end of this paper, the comparison of different SQL Injection Attack detection and prevention is shown. Mr. Vishal Andodariya"SQL Injection Attack Detection and Prevention Techniques to Secure Web-Site" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd13034.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/13034/sql-injection-attack-detection-and-prevention-techniques-to-secure-web-site/mr-vishal-andodariya
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Internet has eased the life of human in numerous ways, but the drawbacks like the intrusions that
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new methods to intrude the applications and the web application vulnerability reported is increasing
year after year. One such major vulnerability is the SQL Injection attacks (SQLIA). Since SQLIA
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input-data cleansing algorithm to mitigate SQL Injection Attack. This system has been tested on
standard test bed applications and our work has shown significant improvement in detecting and
curbing the SQLIA.
Deployment of Reverse Proxy for the Mitigation of SQL Injection Attacks Using...ijcisjournal
Internet has eased the life of human in numerous ways, but the drawbacks like the intrusions that are attached with the Internet applications sustains the growth of these applications. Hackers find new methods to intrude the applications and the web application vulnerability reported is increasing year after year. One such major vulnerability is the SQL Injection attacks (SQLIA). Since SQLIA contributes 25% of the total Internet attacks, much research is being carried out in this area. In this paper we propose a method to detect the SQL injection. We deploy a Reverse proxy that uses the input-data cleansing algorithm to mitigate SQL Injection Attack. This system has been tested on standard test bed applications and our work has shown significant improvement in detecting and curbing the SQLIA.
Classification is one of the data mining technique to classify the data. Here, I have tried the different technologies such as Machine Learning and Deep Learning using R Programming Language.
A Technique by using Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System for Intrusion Detection and...IJMER
—This paper proposes a technique uses decision tree for dataset and to find the basic
parameters for creating the membership functions of fuzzy inference system for Intrusion Detection and
Forensics. Approach of generating rules using clustering methods is limited to the problems of
clustering techniques. To trait to solve this problem, several solutions have been proposed using
various Techniques. One such Technique is proposed to be applied here, for an analysis to Intrusion
Detection and Forensics. . Fuzzy Inference approach and decision algorithms are investigated in this
work. Decision tree is used to identify the parameters to create the fuzzy inference system. Fuzzy
inference system used as an input and the final ANFIS structure is generated for intrusion detection
and forensics. The experiments and evaluations of the proposed method were done with NSL-KDD
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A New System for Clustering and Classification of Intrusion Detection System ...CSCJournals
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) allow to protect systems used by organizations against threats that emerges network connectivity by increasing. The main drawbacks of IDS are the number of alerts generated and failing. By using Self-Organizing Map (SOM), a system is proposed to be able to classify IDS alerts and to reduce false positives alerts. Also some alert filtering and cluster merging algorithm are introduce to improve the accuracy of the proposed system. By the experimental results on DARPA KDD cup 98 the system is able to cluster and classify alerts and causes reducing false positive alerts considerably.
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Web Applications Firewalls (WAFs) are fundamental building blocks of modern application security. For example, the PCI standard for organizations handling credit card transactions dictates that any application facing the internet should be either protected by a WAF or successfully pass a code review process. Nevertheless, despite their popularity and importance, auditing web application firewalls remains a challenging and complex task. Finding attacks that bypass the firewall usually requires expert domain knowledge for a specific vulnerability class. Thus, penetration testers not armed with this knowledge are left with publicly available lists of attack strings, like the XSS Cheat Sheet, which are usually insufficient for thoroughly evaluating the security of a WAF product.
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This paper presents a comparative analysis of various machine learning classification models for
structured query language injection prevention. The objective is to identify the best-performing model in
terms of accuracy on a given dataset. The study utilizes popular classifiers such as Logistic Regression,
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the tests used to evaluate the performance of the classifiers, the Naïve Bayes gets the highest level of
accurate detection. The results show a 97.06% detection rate for the Naïve Bayes, followed by
LogisticRegression (0.9610), Support Vector Machine (0.9586), RandomForest (0.9530), DecisionTree
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Structured Query Language (SQL) injection, in present scenario, emerges as one of the most challenging fact to effect on the online business, as it can expose all of the business transaction related sensitive information which is stored in online database, inclusive of most highly secured sensitive information such as credit card passwords , usernames, login ids, credentials, phone, email id etc. Structured Query Language injection remain a responsibility that when intruder gets the ability with SQL related queries which is passed to a back-end database. The query which is passed by the intruder to the data, can allow the query to data which is an assisting element with database and required operating system. Every SQL Query that allows the inputs from the attacker sides can defect our real web application. Intruder which attempts to insert defective SQL query into an entry field to extract the query so that they can dump the database or alter the database which is known as "code injection technique" and this type of attacker is also called attack vector for websites and usually used by any type of SQL database. Through this research paper, our endeavour is to understand the methodology of SQL injection and also to propose solution to prevent SQL Injection in one of the most vulnerable field of E commerce.
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Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
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It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
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Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
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Comparison And Implementation of Random4 Algorithm and Hirschberg Algorithm Using Open Source Software for Prevention of SQL Injection Attack
1. Advanced Computational Intelligence: An International Journal (ACII), Vol.2, No.2, April 2015
27
Comparison And Implementation Of Random4
Algorithm And Hirschberg Algorithm Using Open
Source Software For Prevention Of SQL Injection
Attack
1
Mohammed Ahmed, 2
Sayyed Saima, 3
Shaikh Shagufta, 4
Shaikh Tazreen
(Department of Computer Engineering)
M.H. Saboo Siddik College of Engineering, Clare Road, Byculla, Mumbai-400008, India.
ABSTRACT
SQL injection attacks are easy way to attack the web applications and gain access to the private data in a
database. Using different types of the SQL attacks one can easily gain access, modify the database or can
even remove it. Details such as fields and table names are required for a hacker to modify a database.
Hence, to provide the increased amount of security to users and their data, different types of techniques are
used such as Random4 algorithm, which is based on randomization and used to encrypt the user input,
Hirschberg algorithm which is a divide and conquer technique used to match the query pattern. In this
paper we are providing a comparative study and implementation of these prevention techniques using open
source software.
Keywords
SQL injection, Random4, Hirschberg.
1. INTRODUCTION
According to the White Hat report on the web security vulnerabilities in the year 2011 it is shown
that nearly 14-15 % of web application attacks account for SQL Injection [1].
SQL Injection Attack is a type of code-injection attack [2] which penetrates in the web
applications and gets illegal access to the databases, it is very easy for the attackers to inject the
code in the web page and gain access to all the databases, or to modify or even delete the
databases. This type of attack is mainly caused due to improper validation of user input. [3].
With the leading attacks on the web applications it is very important to prevent them. So,
different techniques are used for the prevention, named as Random4 Algorithm which is based on
randomization. It will take user input and encrypt it using Random4 Look up table, the encryption
of the current characters will be based on the next character. Second technique is Hirschberg
Algorithm which is a divide and conquer version of the Needleman-Wunsch algorithm [4] and is
based on pattern matching of the query. Any input given to the web application goes in the form
of query, so using Hirschberg one standard query format will be set and if the received pattern of
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the query from web page is not matched with the set query pattern then no one can get access to
the web page or the databases.
The following prevention techniques are chosen for comparison and implementation named as
Random4 Algorithm and Hirschberg Algorithm.
IMPLEMENTED ALGORITHMS:
I– RANDOM4 ALGORITHM:
Input:
input String inp[]
Output: Encrypted String en[]
N: Length of inp[]
R[]: Random values of character
For i=1 to N
If(inp[i+1]==null || inp[i+1]=lowercase)
Then en[i]=R[lower]
End { if }
Else If( inp[i+1]=uppercase)
Then en[i]=R[upper]
End { Else if }
Else If( inp[i+1]=number)
Then en[i]=[number]
End { Else if }
Else If( inp[i+1]=special_character)
Then en[i]=[special]
End { Else if }
End { For }
Return en[]
Random4 is based on the randomization and is used to convert the input into the cipher text. Any
input in the web forms will be containing numbers, uppercase, lowercase or special characters.
Using the look up table, the user input will be converted into cipher text. Each character in the
input can have 72 combinations. Hence there will be 726 combinations possible for 6 character
inputs possible. To encrypt the input, each input character is given four random values. A sample
look up table is given below. The first column in the table is for lower case, second is for upper
case, third is for numbers and fourth is for special characters now based on the next input
character, one of these four values is substituted for a given character. For example, if the input is
provided in the form of username as xY@2 then the first character ‘x’ is given four Random
values in the look up table based on the next input character which is upper case here, the value
“R[Upper]” is chosen.
If the next character was lower case then the value “R[lower]” is chosen. If the next character
was number, the value “R[number]” is chosen. If the next character was special character then
value “R[Special]” is chosen.
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Table 1: Look Up table
II- HIRSCHBERG ALGORITHM:
Hirschberg’s algorithm is a divide and conquer version of Needleman-Wunsch algorithm. In this
algorithm one standardized form of an SQL Query is set for the login.
This algorithm works on the logic 1 and 0. Each word in the login query is considered as a
column and row wise for checking. When the user enters the input in the web page, it goes into
the form of query. Each word of the query will be verified with the predefined set query and if the
query word is perfectly matched then it will be marked as 1 otherwise 0. If in the whole table a
single 0 is found then it will be considered as an attack and system will block the access.
For example if the username and password entered as ‘Soni’ and ‘1234’ respectively.
Then the query will be formed as
SELECT * FROM logintable WHERE username=’Soni’ AND password=’1234’;
In this query each format of the query will be matched and it will be considered as a correct user.
Now suppose the SQL injection query
Username: soni and password: ‘abcd’ OR ‘1’=’1
Here after ‘abcd’ it will be detected as SQL injection because after password’s quotes (‘‘) it will
not get AND statement instead it will get OR statement which is not in the predefined query. So
in this way the attack is prevented.
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Table 2: Look Up table
3.IMPLEMENTATION:
I – RANDOM4 ALGORITHM:
package com.java.utility;
public class Random4 {
// a-z 26 A-Z 26 0-9 10 Special 25 Total 87
public char[] mainList=
{
'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z',
'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z',
'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9',
'!','@','#','$','%','^','&','*','(',')','-','',';','"',''',','
};
public char[] firstList=
{
',',''','"',';','','-',')','(','*','&','^','%','$','#','@','!',
'9','8','7','6','5','4','3','2','1','0',
'Z','Y','X','W','V','U','T','S','R','Q','P','O','N','M','L','K','J','I','H','G','F','E','D','C','B','A',
'z','y','x','w','v','u','t','s','r','q','p','o','n','m','l','k','j','i','h','g','f','e','d','c','b','a'
};
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public char[] secondList=
{
'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9',
'!','@','#','$','%','^','&','*','(',')','-','',';','"',''',',',
'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z',
'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z',
};
public char[] thirdList=
{
'N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z','a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m',
'z','y','x','w','v','u','t','s','r','q','p','o','n','A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M',
'9','8','7','6','5','4','3','2','1','0',
',',''','"',';','','-',')','(','*','&','^','%','$','#','@','!'
};
public char[] fourthList=
{
'5','6','7','8','9','0','1','2','3','4',
'n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z','A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M',
'!','@','#','$','%','^','&','*','(',')','-','',';','"',''',',',
'm','l','k','j','i','h','g','f','e','d','c','b','a','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z'
};
//Encryption module
public String encrypt(String data)
{
String encdata = "";
for(int i=0;i<data.length();i++)
{
char get = data.charAt(i);
String getcase = "lower";
if(i!=data.length()-1)
{
char findcase = data.charAt(i+1);
getcase = getCase(findcase);
}
int position = getPosition(get);
if(position == -1)
{
encdata = encdata + get;
}
else
{
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33
for(int i=0;i<mainList.length;i++)
{
if(ch == mainList[i])
{
position = i;
break;
}
}
return position;
}
II – HIRSCBERG ALGORITHM:
package com.java.utility;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import java.util.Vector;
public class Hirshberg {
boolean analysis = false;//not allowed
//true allowed
Vector<Object> xAxis;
Vector<Object> yAxis;
Vector<Object> result;
Vector<Object> output;
String applicationQuery;
// Setting the predefined Query pattern
public Hirshberg() {
xAxis = new Vector<Object>();
yAxis = new Vector<Object>();
keywords();
}
public void keywords() {
xAxis.add("SELECT");
xAxis.add("*");
xAxis.add("FROM");
xAxis.add("LoginTable");
xAxis.add("WHERE");
xAxis.add("username");
xAxis.add("=");
xAxis.add("'");
xAxis.add("");
xAxis.add("'");
xAxis.add("AND");
xAxis.add("password");
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xAxis.add("=");
xAxis.add("'");
xAxis.add("");
xAxis.add("'");
xAxis.add(";");
}
//pattern matching module
public boolean Checker(String query) {
try {
result = new Vector<Object>();
applicationQuery = query.trim();
StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(applicationQuery, " ");
while (st.hasMoreElements()) {
String e = st.nextToken();
if (!e.contains("'")) {
result.add(e);
} else {
String r = e;
StringTokenizer stk = new StringTokenizer(r, "'");
while (stk.hasMoreElements()) {
result.add("'");
result.add(stk.nextElement());
result.add("'");
}
}
}
System.err.println(result.size());
for (int z = 0; z < result.size(); z++) {
if (result.elementAt(z).toString().equals("'")) {
if (result.elementAt(z + 2).toString().equals("'")) {
result.setElementAt("", (z + 1));
z = z + 3;
}
}
}
System.out.println(xAxis);
System.err.println(result);
//Analysis Module
output = new Vector<Object>();
int count = 0;
for (int i = count; i < xAxis.size(); i++) {
for (int j = count; j < result.size(); j++) {
String x = xAxis.elementAt(i).toString();
String y = result.elementAt(j).toString();
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5. COMPARATIVE STUDY:
Parameters Hirschberg Random4
Proxy Overhead No No
Time Complexity Less More
Space Complexity Less Bit more
Encryption No encryption (query
pattern is matched only)
User Input
Computational Overhead Less Bit more
Table 3: Comparative Study
6. CONCLUSION:
This paper presents the methods for preventing the web applications from SQL injection attack.
And by the above comparative study, we have concluded that Hirschberg algorithm is easy to
implement, it has less time and space complexity and no proxy or computational overhead. On
the other side Random4 is also a powerful technique because of encryption but due to that time
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39
and space complexity is more than Hirschberg Algorithm. It is easy to implement, and it has no
proxy or computational overhead.
REFERENCES:
[1] https://www.whitehatsec.com/resource/stats.html
[2] W.G halfond and A. orso AMNESIA: Analysis and monitoring for neutrilizing SQL injection
attacks.in proceedings of the IEEE and ACM International Conference on Automated Software
Engineering (ASE-2005), Long Beach, CA, USA, NOV 2005.
[3] Random4: An Application Specific Randomized Encryption Algorithm to prevent SQL Injection
Avireddy, S. Dept. of Inf. Technol., Anna Univ. Chennai, India Perumal, V. ; Gowraj, N. ; Kannan,
R.S. ; Thinakaran, P. ; Ganapthi, S..Gunasekaran, J.R. Prabhu,S. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 60, NO.5, MAY 2012
[4] 2009 IEEE International Advance Computing Conference (IACC 2009) Patiala, India, 6-7 March
2009 Combinatorial Approach for Preventing SQL Injection Attacks ,R. Ezumalai, G. Aghila
Department of Computer Science, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India.
AUTHORS:
Mohd. Ahmed is currently Assistant professor at the M.H. Saboo Siddik College of
Engineering and has completed his M.E. from Vidyalankar Institute of Technology (VIT),
Mumbai and formerly trainee hardware & network engineer in DSS Mobile communication,
Mumbai. He is having 9 years teaching and 1 year industry experience.
Shaikh Tazreen is currently pursuing B.E. from M.H. Saboo Siddik College of
engineering, Mumbai.
Shaikh Shagufta is currently pursuing B.E. from M.H. Saboo Siddik College of
engineering, Mumbai.
Sayyed Saima is currently pursuing B.E. from M.H. Saboo Siddik College of engineering,
Mumbai.