The document introduces comparing numbers using the symbols <, >, and =. It explains that < means "less than", > means "greater than", and = means "equal to". An alligator puppet is used to help explain: the alligator wants to eat the bigger number, so its mouth points to the number > the other. Examples are given comparing different number pairs to reinforce understanding of which symbol applies based on whether the first number is less than, greater than, or equal to the second number.