In the 1960s, Paul Baran and Donald Davies independently proposed networks that divided messages into packets to increase survivability. This idea of packet switching was used to build the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) in 1969, creating the first link between the University of California Los Angeles and the Stanford Research Institute. In the 1970s, TCP/IP was developed as an internet protocol and the National Science Foundation Network was created to connect universities and support research networks in the United States.