The internet was created through contributions from many individuals, though some key figures include Leonard Kleinrock, whose 1961 paper initially proposed the concept, and J.C.R. Licklider who envisioned a "galactic network" as director of the Information Processing Techniques Office. The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) developed in 1966 was the first wide area network linking universities and research centers using packet switching, and marked the beginning of what we know as the internet today. Important early developments included the first internet use in 1974 and establishment of protocols that allowed the internet to function even if parts were destroyed.