1. Planning is a process of determining what needs to be done, when, where, who will do it, and how it will be done. It provides direction and ensures economy. 2. The planning process involves formulating a vision, mission, goals and objectives, scanning the internal and external environment, identifying needs and problems, formulating alternative actions, contingency planning, implementation, monitoring, and re-planning if needed. 3. Action planning focuses on short-term, specific activities and strategies to address immediate community problems. It includes objectives, projects, target outputs, strategies, funding, responsibilities, timetable, and remarks.