This document provides an overview of community medicine. It defines community medicine, public health, and preventive medicine. The goals of community medicine are to promote health, prevent disease, and control disease spread through organized community efforts. Community medicine aims to provide perfect health for all people by addressing both individual and environmental determinants of health. It covers key topics like epidemiology, biostatistics, environmental health, nutrition, mental health, and health management and systems. The role of community medicine is to apply public health functions like assessment, policy development, and assurance to influence health determinants and reach the vision of optimal health for communities.

1. COMMUNITY
MEDICINE
Dr. AMANY RASHAD ABO-EL-
SEOUD
‫د‬.‫السعود‬ ‫أبو‬ ‫رشاد‬ ‫أمانى‬
Prof. of COMMUNITY MEDICINE
Zagazig university

2. Objectives of lecture:
 Definition of community medicine,
vision and goals
 Core functions of community
medicine
 Definition of health, its
determinants
 Main topics of community medicine

3. COMMUNITY MEDICINE
PUBLIC HEALTH
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
‫طب‬‫المجتمع‬
‫العامة‬ ‫صحة‬
‫الوقائى‬ ‫الطب‬
Specialty that deals with population health
(well &sick), assess their needs, plan and
administer services to meet these needs,
aiming at perfect health for all people

4. Definitions
► Public health: (Winslow) “science and art of preventing
disease, prolonging life and promoting health through
organized community efforts”
► Preventive Medicine: control and prevention of
infectious diseases and disability (immunization, health
E., promotion)
► Community health: control of any personal or
environmental services/programs affecting health of
population.
► Community Medicine:(1972) includes public health,
preventive M., social health and family M. It includes:
scientific disciplines as epidemiology, biostatistics,
demography) & skills and strategies(epidemiological
method,planning,interventions, survillance and
evaluation)

5. Historical concepts of
Community M.
► From 1880 to 1920 communicable disease control
(sanitation)
► From 1920 to 1960 health services
► From 1960 to 1980 risk factors
► From 1980 to 2000 health for all
► From 2000 to 2020 Millennium goals, SDGs
to 2030 Health in all polices

6. Community Medicine
Vision:” perfect health for
all people”
Goals:
► Promotion, Prevention of disease &
health hazards (1ry prevention)
► Prevention of spread of disease/hazard
(=control = 2ry prevention)
► Prevention of complications
(prevention of disability)
(rehabilitation = 3ry prevention)

7. Aims of public health

8. Differences between
Community & clinical
Medicine
Clinical MCommunity MDifference
Cure
Individual patient
(diseased only)
Relief symptoms
& signs
Doctor-patient
Prevention
Whole people
(healthy&diseased)
Of community
problems
affecting health
Multisystem
Aim
Target
Management

9. Levels of health care:

11. Public health functions

12. Assessment
1. Monitor all aspects of the
surrounding environment affecting
health status of the community
2. Diagnose and investigate all health
problems and health hazards/risks in
the community

13. Policy Development
3. Inform, educate, and empower people
about health issues
4. Mobilize community partnerships and
actions to identify and solve health
problems
5. Develop policies and plans that support
individual and community health efforts

14. Assurance
6. Enforce laws and regulations that protect health
and ensure safety
7. Link people to needed health services and assure
the provision of these services when they are
unavailable
8. Assure a competent health workforce
9. Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of
personal and population-based health services
10. Research for new insights and innovative solutions
to health problems

15. What is health?
 What are health levels?
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

16. Definition of HEALTH
► “it is complete physical, mental and social
wellbeing not merely absence of disease or
disability”.
► "it is the absence of illness, the ability to
cope with everyday activities, self control,
will power and sense of wellbeing
satisfaction".
► Levels of health: perfect (positive health)
sub clinical (-ve health)
clinical disease
complicated disease
death

17. Concepts of health
► Health is holistic, multi dimensional
issue
► Health is determined by the interaction
between individuals and the
environment
► Health is the responsibility of everyone
► Health must be considered as a resource
for everyday life

18. FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH
(determinants of health)
► ENVIRONMENTAL (outside, surroundings)
► PERSONAL (host, individual)
Always there is an interaction between
the individual and his surroundings. This
interaction yields either health or
disease (ill health)

19. Determinants of health

20. Individual Environment
Age
Sex
Race
Genetic map
Habits
Literacy
Health behavior
Culture
Religion
Marital state
Wealth
Chemical
Physical
Radiation
Biological
Social
Law
Economic
Health services
Perfect health
-ve health
Diseased
Complicated
Death

21. HOW TO REACH PERFECT
HEALTH?
By applying Community Medicine functions
Each function shares in reaching this goal

22. Main topics of Community
Medicine
► Environmental health factors: housing,
air, water, waste, vectors, food
► Vital indices (basic informatics): age,
sex, etc.. By demography, vital statistics
► Nutrition as a fundamental issue for man
health. What to eat, how, how much,
benefits, hazards. (shared by individual
and environment)

23. Main topics
►Sociology: social factors
affecting health, health
behavior, health education,
beliefs, communication skills
►Mental health: physical health
is not the only component of
health, Causes of mental ill
health, how to prevent.

24. Main topics
► Epidemiology: of communicable diseases
(infectious cycle, prevention & control)
Of non communicable: to study distribution of
diseases among population, why some individuals
are affected and others are not to deduce
causes/risks and ways of prevention
► Research methods: how to investigate diseases in
the community in scientific way, advantage &
disadvantage of each method
► Statistics : to collect, analyze, summarize and
present data obtained from research methods. To
interpret on results that can solve health problems.

25. Main topics
► Management : how to plan, implement
and evaluate any task, or service.
 Application of community health
programs on different vulnerable groups
(1ry health care, MCH, geriatric,
occupational….)
 Study different health systems that deal
with population health, how to improve
these systems, how to make services of
good quality.

26. Public health profession

27. Therefore
Community Medicine physician’s role is to act on all health
determinants and factors in the environment and
individuals of his community to reach the goal of
“perfect health for all”

28. I WISH
PERFECT HEALTH
SUCCESS and
HAPINESS
FOR ALL OF YOU