2. 2
What is Communication?
The exchange of information between people, e.g. by means of
speaking, writing, or using a common system of signs or behavior
The transfer of meaning among people
The transference and the understanding of meaning
The act of transmitting
A giving or exchanging of information, signals, or messages as by talk,
gestures, or writing
Close, sympathetic relationship
A means of communicating; specif., a system for sending and receiving
messages, as by telephone, telegraph, radio, etc.
The art of expressing ideas, esp. in speech and writing
The science of transmitting information, esp. in symbols
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Functions of Communication
Why do we use Communication within an organization?
1. Controlling the people
Communication acts
to control member
behavior in several
ways.
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Functions of Communication
Why do we use Communication within an organization?
2. Motivating the people
Communication
fosters motivation
by clarifying to
employees what it to
be done
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Functions of Communication
Why do we use Communication within an organization?
3. Emotional Expression
Communication is a
fundamental
mechanism by which
members show their
frustrations and
feelings of
satisfaction
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Functions of Communication
Why do we use Communication within an organization?
4. Providing Information
Communication
provides the
information that
individuals and
groups need to make
decisions by
transmitting the data
to identify and
evaluate alternatives
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Organizational Communication
Chain Communication Network
The chain rigidly follows the formal chain of command
Wheel Communication Network
The wheel relies on a central figure to act as the conduit for all of the
group’s communication
All-channel Communication Network
The all-channel network permits all group members to actively
communicate with each other
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Informal small-group network
The Grapevine
An organization’s informal communication network the
path of communication along which news, gossip, or
rumor passes unofficially from person to person within a
group, organization, or community
Characteristics of Grapevine
•It is not controlled by management
•It is perceived by most employees as being more believable
and reliable than formal communiqués issued by top
management
•It is largely used to serve the self-interests of the people
within it
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Electronic Communications
Email uses the internet to transmit and receive computer-generated
text and documents
Benefits:
•Emails can be distributed to one person or thousands with a
click of a mouse.
•Prompt and fast communication
•Cost of sending formal email to employees is a fraction of the
cost of printing, duplicating and distributing a comparable letter
or brochure
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Electronic Communications
Drawbacks of Email-communication
•Misinterpreting the message
•Communicating negative message
•Overuse of email
•Email emotions
•Privacy concerns
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Electronic Communications
Instant Messaging and messaging
Like email, instant messaging and text messaging use electronic
message. Unlike email, through, IM and TM are very prompt. IM is usually
sent via desktop or laptop computer, whereas TM is transmitted via cell
phones or handheld devices such as blackberrys.
Depite their advantages, IM and TM are not going to replace email.
Networking Software
Facebook, Orkut, and MySpace. 100 million people around
the world use MySpace.
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Electronic Communications
Web Logs (Blogs)
Experts estimate that more than 10 million US workers have blogs, and
nearly 40 million people read blogs on a regular basis
Video Conferencing
It allows workers to communicate each other
from different places, cities, or countries.
Whereas they can see, listen, and speak to each
other
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Knowledge Management (KM)
comprises a range of strategies and practices used in an organization
to identify, create, represent, distribute, and enable adoption of insights
and experiences
The process of organizing and distributing an organization’s collective
wisdom so the right information gets to the right people at the right time
Examples of KM
•on-the-job discussions,
• formal apprenticeship,
•discussion forums,
•corporate libraries,
•professional training and
•mentoring programs
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Model of Channel Richness
The amount of information that can be transmitted during a communication
episode
Channels differ in their capacity to convey information
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Barriers to Effective Communication
Filtering: A sender’s manipulation of information so that it
will be seen more favorably by the receiver
Selective Perception: the receiver in the communication
process selectively see and hear based on their needs,
motivation, experience, background, and other personal
characteristics.
Information overload: A condition in which information
inflow exceeds an individual’s processing capacity.
Emotions:
Language:
Gender Differences
Political correct communication: concerned with being
inoffensive that meaning and simplicity are lost or free
expression is hampered.
