This document discusses various aspects of communication within organizations including formal communication channels like downward, upward, and horizontal communication as well as informal channels like grapevine. It also covers potential barriers to effective communication such as perceptions, filtering, language barriers, information overload, and cultural and gender differences. Finally, it provides some recommendations for improving communication such as matching the right media to messages, reducing information overload, engaging in active listening, using the grapevine proactively, and communicating directly with employees.

3. SOHAIL
AKHTER
MAGSI
MUHAMMAD
WAQAS
SHAHJAHAN
JAHANGEER

5.  Verbal communication
media richness
flaming
 Nonverbal communication
emotional contagion

6.  Formal communication channels
Downward Communication
Upward Communication
Horizontal Communication
 Informal Communication Channels
grapevine

7. PERCEPTIONS
FILTERING
LANGUAGE
BARRIERS
INFORMATION
OVERLOAD
CULTURAL
DIFFERENCES
GENDER
DIFFERENCES

8. perception
Selective
perception
stereotyping
Attribution
process
Fundamental
attribution
error
Self-
serving
bias
Recency
effect

9.  FILTERING
 LANGUAGE BARRIERS
jargon
drop-off
 INFORMATION OVERLOAD
 CULTURAL DIFFERENCES
 GENDER DIFFERANCES

10. IMPROVING
COMMUNICATION
MATCH MEDIA TO
MESSAGES
REDUCE INFORMATION
OVERLOAD
ENGAGE IN
ACTIVE
LISTENING
PROACTIVELY USE THE
GRAPEVINE
COMMUNICATION DIRECTLY
WITH EMPLOYEES