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Communicating with Depresion - Jazmin Summerlin
- 1. COMMUNICATING WITH A DEPRESSIVE DISORDER Jazmin Summerlin
- 2. PERSONALITY Increase in neuroticism Social inhibition at affective levels and cognitive levels Avoiding or minimizing listening time Decrease in conscientiousness Assertive communication to achieve goals Decrease in extraversion Sociability
- 3. RELATIONSHIPS Couples Difficulty in identifying anger Lower levels of empathic accuracy Partners saw themselves as more controlling Depressed people tend to behave in submissive ways Parent-Child Mothers less attuned; inhibit infants communication behaviors Mothers facilitated communication less often Resolution of specific language impairment Less positive affect and tone of voice
- 4. THE BRAIN Amygdala & Hippocampus Memory Episodic and Prospective Long-term exposure to cortisol Under-identify positive affect in subtle facial expressions Neurotransmitters dopamine serotonin norepinephrine
- 5. WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? Lack of social support Stigma Inaccurate assessment Negative reciprocal interaction Suicide Family history Under-recognition Leading cause of disability worldwide Prevalence 6.7% of adults; 12.5% adolescents not all-inclusive
- 6. CURRENT & FUTURE RESEARCH Communication as a direct link Gender First-hand experience
- 7. REFERENCES Karsten, J., Penninx, B. W., Riese, H., Ormel, J., Nolen, W. A., & Hartman, C. A. (2012). The state effect of depressive and anxiety disorders on big five personality traits. Journal Of Psychiatric Research, 46644-650. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.01.024 Yoon, K. L., Joormann, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2009). Judging the intensity of facial expressions of emotion: Depression-related biases in the processing of positive affect. Journal Of Abnormal Psychology, 118(1), 223-228. doi:10.1037/a0014658 Hwa-Froelich, D. A., Loveland Cook, C. A., & Flick, L. H. (2008). Maternal Sensitivity and Communication Styles: Mothers With Depression. Journal Of Early Intervention, 31(1), 44-66. Informative Disagreements: Associations Between Relationship Distress, Depression, and Discrepancy in Interpersonal Perception Within Couples. Zhou, F., Wang, Y., Zheng, W., Zhang, Q., Ungvari, G. S., Ng, C. H., & ... Xiang, Y. (2017). Research paper: Prospective memory deficits in patients with depression: A meta-analysis. Journal Of Affective Disorders, 22079-85. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.05.042 Sims, C. M. (2017). Do the Big-Five Personality Traits Predict Empathic Listening and Assertive Communication?. International Journal Of Listening, 31(3), 163-188. doi:10.1080/10904018.2016.1202770 Levin, R. L., Heller, W., Mohanty, A., Herrington, J. D., & Miller, G. A. (2007). Cognitive Deficits in Depression and Functional Specificity of Regional Brain Activity. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 31(2), 211-233. Major depression among adults. Retrieved from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/prevalence/major-depression- among-adults.shtml
Editor's Notes
- Recovery from affective disorders was associated with a decrease in neuroticism trait scores and an increase in extraversion and conscientiousness trait scores Affective levels – anxiety, cognitive levels – believing that one’s views and needs are not worthy of being expressed It seems likely that conscientious people, by their very nature, will use assertive communication to achieve their goals, and there is research supporting this theory
- Both depressed individuals and their partners show lower levels of empathic accuracy compared to healthy controls partners of individuals with depression symptoms showed difficulty identifying their spouse’s anger in conflict interactions partners of individuals with depression symptoms saw themselves as more controlling than their mate did. Studied children who had a specific language impairment – children who resolved had mothers with more sensitity and less depression - Maternal sensitivity and depression were the strongest predictors of whether children resolved their specific language impairment Mothers with depression from low income families used less eye gaze and demonstrated less communicative responsiveness than mothers without depression children of mothers with depression from low-income backgrounds may be delayed in developing the attention, symbolic referencing, mastery motivation, and more sophisticated language skills (e.g., comprehension, answering wh- questions, complex narrative discourse)
- Depressed individuals’ difficulties in detecting positive affect may lead them to perceive a lack of reinforcement and to reduce their approach behavior; similarly, their readiness to perceive and attend to negative aspects of their social surroundings may contribute to their decreased experience of social support (Gotlib & Hammen, 1992)
- Percentage does not include non-fixed address, active military duty, or institutionalized persons (i.e. nursing homes, correctional facilities, mental institutions, long-term hospitals) Stigma – people think depression is a choice; a weakness Inaccurate assessment – if people cannot communicate how they feel due to tiredness etc Negative reciprocal interaction – communication barrier can cause a lack of social support which can make depression worse; barrier could cause
- Hard to find articles with communication directly linked to depression as a whole – more focused on symptoms lots of women research – focus on males too