Climate change is already affecting forests and is expected to have a greater impact in the future, adding to the many challenges they face. Many forests could be lost this century as forests may switch from carbon sinks to carbon sources, releasing large amounts of carbon. The effects of global warming on forests will likely have significant economic and social consequences, especially for vulnerable people who depend on forests for protection during hard times. While some forests may disappear completely, forest managers can help conserve forests and the ecosystem services they provide through effective, locally-adapted practices even in a changing environment. Maintaining forests can play a key role in reducing broader social vulnerability.