COLOMBIA COFFEE GROWERS HURT BY LOW PRICES
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By www.buyorganiccoffee.org COLOMBIA COFFEE GROWERS HURT BY LOW PRICES Colombia, the second-largest supplier of Arabica coffee beans, said a slump in prices is putting at risk next year’s recovery in its harvest. A prolonged drop poses a “serious danger” because some farmers are losing money at current prices, Mario Gomez, a member of the board of Colombia’s National Federation of Coffee Growers for about three decades, said in a telephone interview from the city of Manizales in the nation’s central coffee- farming region. “That’s the death of coffee production,” Gomez said. “Losses lead to crops being neglected and then abandoned.” Coffee has declined 16 percent in a month on speculation supplies will increase from Brazil, the top producer of Arabica coffee favored by brewers such as Starbucks Corp. (SBUX) The Colombian federation’s Chief Executive Officer Luis Munoz forecast last month that 2013 output may rebound to a five-year high of 9 million bags as disease-resistant crops aid production. Arabica-coffee futures for September delivery, slid 2 percent to close at $1.5105 a pound on ICE Futures U.S. in New York. The crop this year, which is being harvested, will be similar to 2011, Munoz said in May. Last year, the nation’s production of 7.81 million bags slid to a 35-year low after above-average rainfall damaged crops. Each bag weighs 60 kilograms (132 pounds). Weather in coffee-producing regions has been drier this quarter after an end to the weather system La Nina, Gomez said. The weather pattern caused an increase in storms that contributed to the lowest Colombian production since 2009. A shortage of quality coffee beans after production slid in Colombia may prompt prices to increase as global demand rises, he said.
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CSAs and Organic Food
By www.BuyOrganicCoffee.com
CSAs and Organic Food
Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) is a program in which many farms offer subscriptions.
Under this program, subscribers receive a weekly or monthly basket of locally grown, in-season fruits, vegetables, flowers, eggs, and milk; sometimes other products like coffee or tea are included as well.
Most of the products in the baskets are products that are produced on the farm, but they don't have to be. Under a CSA program, there is a relationship developed between the farm and the member's (shareholder's or subscriber's - several terms are used).
Not all of the farms in the CSA program are organic farms, although many are.
By making a financial commitment to a farm in a CSA program, people become "members" (or "shareholders," or "subscribers") of the CSA. The membership entitles them to receive produce from the farm on a regular basis through the growing season.
Usually memberships are paid for annually, but some farmers will accept weekly or monthly payments, and some CSAs also require that members work a few hours on the farm each week during the growing season.
Regulations and requirements vary from farm to farm.
The Community Supported Agriculture program is not one that has been well advertised nationally.
You might see some advertisements for locally owned farms that are part of the program and you will have to determine which farms are organic and which are not.
This is, however, a method that those who want fresh, organically grown fruit and vegetables that can be purchased locally.
More and more of the farms that are in the Community Supported Agriculture program are organic farms.
There's still a long way to go, but organic farming is on the increase along with the demand for organically produced food.
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CSAs and Organic Food
By www.BuyOrganicCoffee.com
CSAs and Organic Food
Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) is a program in which many farms offer subscriptions.
Under this program, subscribers receive a weekly or monthly basket of locally grown, in-season fruits, vegetables, flowers, eggs, and milk; sometimes other products like coffee or tea are included as well.
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Not all of the farms in the CSA program are organic farms, although many are.
By making a financial commitment to a farm in a CSA program, people become "members" (or "shareholders," or "subscribers") of the CSA. The membership entitles them to receive produce from the farm on a regular basis through the growing season.
Usually memberships are paid for annually, but some farmers will accept weekly or monthly payments, and some CSAs also require that members work a few hours on the farm each week during the growing season.
Regulations and requirements vary from farm to farm.
The Community Supported Agriculture program is not one that has been well advertised nationally.
You might see some advertisements for locally owned farms that are part of the program and you will have to determine which farms are organic and which are not.
This is, however, a method that those who want fresh, organically grown fruit and vegetables that can be purchased locally.
More and more of the farms that are in the Community Supported Agriculture program are organic farms.
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Leaf Rust Resistant Honduran Coffee
Leaf Rust Resistant Honduran Coffee
http://buyorganiccoffee.org/1427/leaf-rust-resistant-honduran-coffee/
Research into resistant coffee strains and significant replanting has led to increased Honduran coffee output and exports. Agrimoney.com writes about how the third ranking exporter of Arabica coffee is well on its way to overcoming coffee leaf rust and bringing exports back up to traditional levels.
Honduran coffee production, and exports, will hit a record high in 2015-16 as Central America’s top bean grower reaps the benefit of efforts to counter rust, which badly hurt the region’s output two seasons ago.
Honduras – Latin America’s third-ranked coffee exporter after Brazil and Colombia, and renowned as an origin of higher quality supplies – will produce 6.11m bags of beans in 2015-16, on an October-to-September basis, the US Department of Agriculture bureau in Tegucigalpa said.
That would take to 37% the rebound in output from a low last season, as coffee rust spread through the country, as it did through other Central American producing nations.
And it would lift output – all of arabica beans – above the record 5.60m bags achieved in 2011-12, before the outbreak of rust, caused by the roya fungus, which cuts yields dramatically and can result in tree death.
Honduras, like Colombia has been carrying out research to develop coffee leaf rust resistant strains. This effort has been successful and many coffee plantations that were replanted a few years ago are back in production.
What Is Climate Change Resistant Coffee?
What Is Climate Change Resistant Coffee?
http://buyorganiccoffee.org/1881/what-is-climate-change-resistant-coffee/
Year after year meteorologists report that average global temperatures have hit another high for the modern era. Considering that what is today the frozen arctic once supported palm trees we have wondered if growing coffee on the arctic tundra will one day be possible. But what would extreme climate change do to coffee production? Last year we asked if climate change could destroy coffee production.
Higher temperatures, more chaotic weather patterns, droughts and floods we become the norm as the world climate change, according to experts. The Tech Times writes about the effect of climate change on agriculture.
As average global temperatures begin to rise due to human activity, scientists say the drastic effects of climate change continue to take effect all over the world.
One of the most severely affected sectors is the field of agriculture. In the past decades, extreme weather conditions caused by climate change have disrupted global food production.
The researchers found that global cereal production was as much as 10% lower in the last twenty years. However, there appears to be a “fertilizer” effect of higher levels of CO2 in the atmosphere. The problem for coffee is that the fertilizer effect would not reduce the risk of leaf rust or help when crops are washed out by floods or die because of drought. Climate change may not destroy coffee production but it may well reduce it.
What should coffee producers do? Phy.org reports that Nicaragua focuses on climate change resistant coffee.
With climate change threatening crops in many parts of the world, Nicaragua is turning to a robust variety of coffee bean to protect one of its key exports.
The appropriately named robusta coffee comes from the Coffea canephora plant, which is being increasingly planted in the Central American country under government authorization.
How Much of the Cost of a Cup of Coffee Are the Beans?
http://buyorganiccoffee.org/1218/how-much-of-the-cost-of-a-cup-of-coffee-are-the-beans/
How Much of the Cost of a Cup of Coffee Are the Beans?
How much of the cost of a cup of coffee are the beans? This question comes to mind as the price of Arabica coffee goes up again. We wrote previously that the Brazil drought drives coffee prices higher. But if the price of coffee beans goes up ten percent does the cost of your coffee go up by the same percent or the same number of cents? The United States Department of Agriculture published an article about the cost pass-through in the coffee industry. We found it published at Colombia.edu.
A rich data set of coffee prices and costs was used to determine to what extent changes in commodity costs affect manufacturer and retail prices. On average, a 10-cent increase in the cost of a pound of green coffee beans in a given quarter results in a 2-cent increase in manufacturer and retail prices in that quarter. If a cost change persists for several quarters, it will be incorporated into manufacturer prices approximately cent-for-cent with the commodity-cost change. Given the substantial fixed costs and markups involved in coffee manufacturing, this translates into about a 3-percent change in retail prices for a 10-percent change in commodity prices. We do not find robust evidence that coffee prices respond more to increases than to decreases in costs.
Thus there is an eventual thirty percent pass-through in the cost of green coffee beans to a bag of roasted coffee beans. This tells us how much of the cost of coffee are the beans.
Organic versus Regular Coffee
The price of coffee is going up because of the drought in Brazil. The bountiful harvest in Colombia is not enough to pick up the slack. But, other factors come to bear on the price of organic coffee and the market price of healthy organic coffee beans. The problem with organic coffee production is not drought but heat. Coffee leaf rust usually does not infect coffee grown at altitudes higher than 6,000 feet. This is because the fungus cannot tolerate the low nighttime temperature usually found at that altitude. But, as temperatures climb just a few degrees in the nighttime in Central and South America the fungus is creeping up the slopes to where organic coffee is commonly grown. The issue with organic coffee is that there is a lot less of it than regular coffee. Although the cost to put a bag of organic coffee on the shelf of a store in North America only goes up thirty percent of the percent rise in the cost of coffee beans the scarcity of organic coffee will tend to drive prices higher. This is the age old law of supply and demand.
Eventually other producers will catch on to what Colombia has done. They will replant with leaf rust resistant strains. This will allow coffee production and especially organic coffee production to rise again and help bring down prices. In the meantime expect to pay more for organic coffee beans.
Colombian Economy and a Shortage of Coffee Pickers
http://buyorganiccoffee.org/1500/colombian-economy-and-a-shortage-of-coffee-pickers/
Colombian Economy and a Shortage of Coffee Pickers
When we think about the quality of regular or healthy organic coffee we usually think about sustainable agriculture, certification and coffee varieties. As a rule the state of the economy does not come to mind. Nevertheless, this article is about the Colombian economy and a shortage of coffee pickers. Bloomberg Business writes that coffee workers quit to build Colombian highways leaving coffee to rot during the harvest season.
Colombian coffee growers face soaring labor costs and harvesting delays as pickers leave for better-paid construction jobs.
Producers of the famed Arabica beans brewed by companies including Starbucks Corp. are paying workers twice what they received two years ago. Still, the labor shortages are leaving coffee beans on trees longer, allowing them to fall to the ground, where beetles can bore into the cherries.
“For every three workers we need, we have two,” said Juan David Rendon, head of the Andes Coffee Cooperative, whose members have about 35,000 hectares (86,000 acres). “Infrastructure in Colombia has been demanding a lot of manpower.”
The source of this dilemma lies in the world economy and especially the USA and China. The US has developed fracking technology to extract more and more oil and natural gas. And the Chinese economy has slowed significantly. The problem for Colombia is that it is an oil exporter and oil prices have fallen by half over the last year. According to Beta, Colombia uses hydroelectric power for its electricity and exports most of its oil.
In recent years, Colombia has increased its importance as an energy producer in the Western Hemisphere. Colombia is currently the third-largest oil producer in Latin America and is the seventh-largest crude exporter to the United States. Colombia is also the largest coal producer in South America.
The Colombian peso has fallen from 1,800 to the dollar to 3,000 to the dollar and jobs in the oil sector are getting hard to find. The Colombian government is doing what the USA, Europe, China and others are doing. They are creating jobs by improving infrastructure. In this case Colombia is building about 1,500 of roads through mountainous terrain. These jobs pay better than picking coffee and at least for the duration of these projects the jobs are year-round rather than season like in the coffee industry. This is relationship between the Colombian economy and shortage of coffee pickers.
Rain in Brazil Means Cheaper Coffee
Rain in Brazil Means Cheaper Coffee
http://buyorganiccoffee.org/1328/rain-in-brazil-means-cheaper-coffee/
Coffee prices fell to their lowest level in a year as drought relief comes to Brazil. The Wall Street Journal writes about expected weather and how coffee sinks to a one year low.
Coffee prices tumbled to the lowest level in nearly a year, as investors recalibrated their expectations for supplies amid signs that weather conditions in Brazil support a healthy harvest.
Arabica coffee for March delivery fell 8.20 cents, or 4.9%, to settle at $1.5940 a pound on the ICE Futures U.S. exchange. This was the lowest close since Feb. 18, 2014, and the biggest one-day percentage drop since Nov. 20.
The weather in Brazil has been better than some investors had expected. Intermittent rainfall is keeping coffee trees hydrated and on track for a healthy crop, said James Cordier, president of Liberty Trading Group in Tampa, Fla. Brazil is the source of roughly half of the world’s arabica beans, a type of coffee prized for its mild flavor.
Brazil is now “getting showers every day or every other day, which is quite normal for this time of year,” Mr. Cordier said. “The idea that the coffee crop would be weighed down by dry weather conditions is just incorrect,” he said. “The drought is far behind us, and the trees have recovered quite well.”
In short, rain Brazil means cheaper coffee. Brazil is the big dog in the coffee world and when drought damaged crops last year prices went up globally.
Coffee Varieties: Colombian
Coffee Varieties: Colombian
http://buyorganiccoffee.org/1460/coffee-varieties-colombian/
Coffee varieties evolve through natural selection or selective breeding. Both factors come into play with Colombian coffees. The specific varieties from which traditional Colombian coffee is derived are typica and bourbon. Colombia is the third leading coffee producer in the world, the second leading producer of Arabica coffees and probably the most reliable source of large quantities of the best Arabica coffees. In recent years Colombian coffee varieties have changed due to replanting after coffee leaf rust infestations.
The story of Colombian leaf rust resistant coffee is inspiring. Leaf rust is a fungal disease that has devastated coffee plantations as far back as the mid to late 19th century. Those with an interest in history may know that Sri Lanka (old Ceylon) used to be a coffee producer until the leaf rust wiped out all production after which the nation switched to growing tea. The coffee leaf rust spread from the East Indies to South Asia and Africa and eventually to the new world. Today a plague of coffee leaf rust threatens the livelihoods of coffee growers and workers throughout Central America. Fortunately for the coffee producing nation of Colombia, the workers at the Cenicafé have found a cure. Cenicafé is a research organization funded by the Colombian Coffee Growers Federation - the folks who bring you Juan Valdez coffee . In the early 1970’s coffee leaf rust was found in the Americas. In the early 1980’s Cenicafé started work on producing a Colombian leaf rust resistant coffee. The Colombian leaf rust resistant coffee comes in two varieties, Colombian and Castillo. The first is a cross between an old Colombian variety, Caturra, and a rust-resistant strain from Southeast Asia, the Timor hybrid. Castillo is an offshoot of further cross breeding of the first Colombian leaf rust resistant coffee strain. Replanting with Colombian leaf rust resistant coffee in Colombia has reduced the incidence of leaf rust from 40% to 5% from 2011 to 2013.
Case 3Competition in the Craft Brewing Industry in 2017John D. Var.docx
Case 3Competition in the Craft Brewing Industry in 2017
John D. Varlaro
Johnson & Wales University
John E. Gamble
Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi
Locally produced or regional craft beers caused a seismic shift in the U.S. beer industry during the early 2010s with the gains of the small, regional newcomers coming at the expense of such well-known brands as Budweiser, Miller, Coors, and Bud Light. Craft breweries, which by definition sold fewer than 6 million barrels (bbls) per year, expanded rapidly with the deregulation of intrastate alcohol distribution and retail laws and a change in consumer preferences toward unique and high-quality beers. The growing popularity of craft beers allowed the total beer industry in the United States to increase by 6.7 percent annually between 2011 and 2016 to reach $39.5 billion. The production of U.S. craft breweries more than doubled from 11.5 million bbls per year to about 24.6 million bbls per year during that time. In addition, production by microbreweries and brewpubs accounted for 90 percent of craft brewer growth in 2016.1
The industry had begun to show signs of a slowdown going into 2017, with Boston Beer Company, the second largest craft brewery in the United States and known for its Samuel Adams brand, experiencing a 4 percent sales decline in 2016 that erased two years of of growth. The annual revenues of Anheuser-Busch InBev SA, whose portfolio included global brands Budweiser, Corona, and Stella Artois and numerous international and local brands, remained relatively consistent from 2014 to 2016. However, the sales volume of Anheuser-Busch’s flagship brands and its newly acquired and international brands such as Corona, Goose Island, Shock Top, Beck’s, and St. Pauli Girl allowed it to control 45.8 percent of the U.S. market for beer in 2016.2
Industry competition was increasing as grain price fluctuations affected cost structures and growing consolidation within the beer industry—led most notably by AB InBev’s acquisition of several craft breweries, Grupo Modelo, and its pending $104 billion acquisition of SABMiller—created a battle for market share. While the market for specialty beer was expected to gradually plateau by 2020, it appeared that the slowing growth had arrived by 2017. Nevertheless, craft breweries and microbreweries were expected to expand in number and in terms of market share as consumers sought out new pale ales, stouts, wheat beers, pilsners, and lagers with regional or local flairs.The Beer Market
The total economic impact of the beer market was estimated to be 2.0 percent of the total U.S. GDP in 2016 when variables such as jobs within beer production, sales, and distribution were included.3Exhibit 1 presents annual beer production statistics for the United States between 2006 and 2016.
Year
Barrels Produced (in millions)*
2006
198
2007
200
2008
200
2009
197
2010
195
2011
193
2012
196
2013
192
2014
193
2015
191
2016
189
*Rounded to the nearest million. .
Coffee Facts Infographic
We consume 2 billion cups of coffee every day worldwide. But do you know where coffee is produced and what challenges coffee producers face?
Coca-Cola Brews a Hot Acquisition Costa Coffee Case A
Coca-Cola Brews a Hot Acquisition: Costa Coffee
Case
Author: Ahmed Maamoun
Online Pub Date: January 15, 2020 | Original Pub. Date: 2020
Subject: Marketing, International Marketing, International Strategic Management
Level: | Type: Indirect case | Length: 3624
Copyright: © Ahmed Maamoun 2020
Organization: Coca-Cola Company| Costa Coffee| Starbucks | Organization size: Large
Region: Northern America, Eastern Asia, Northern Europe | State:
Industry: Manufacture of beverages| Retail trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles
Originally Published in:
Publisher: SAGE Publications: SAGE Business Cases Originals
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781529724554 | Online ISBN: 9781529724554
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© Ahmed Maamoun 2020
This case was prepared for inclusion in SAGE Business Cases primarily as a basis for classroom discussion
or self-study, and is not meant to illustrate either effective or ineffective management styles. Nothing herein
shall be deemed to be an endorsement of any kind. This case is for scholarly, educational, or personal use
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Page 2 of 10
Coca-Cola Brews a Hot Acquisition: Costa Coffee
http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781529724554
Abstract
The Coca-Cola Company, created in 1886, is the world’s largest beverage corporation, offering
over 500 brands to consumers in 200 countries. The company’s revenues and profits have
been dwindling over the last decade, due to the shrinking soda market, as consumers are
turning away from sugary drinks, and cities are imposing soda taxes. While carbonated soft
drinks (CSD) sales are declining, coffee consumption is on the rise. In August 2018, Coca-Cola
decided to get a USD 5 billion shot of caffeine, and acquired the British coffeehouse Costa.
The acquisition was finalized in January 2019, and now the U.S. beverage giant has access to
almost 4,000 Costa stores in 32 countries. Coffee is the second most-traded global commodity
after oil, and the United States is the largest coffee market in the world, with 450 million cups
consumed daily. The possibilities are endless with Coke’s new global coffee platform, and the
acquisition is likely to have a ripple effect for major c ...
Coca cola brews a hot acquisition costa coffee case a
Coca cola brews a hot acquisition costa coffee case a
How Weather and Climate Affect Coffee Leaf Rust
A problem in a coffee growing region like Colombia is that it is full or micro-climates because of the extent of its mountainous terrain. Thus sorting out effects of climate versus effects of local weather on coffee leaf rust can be difficult.
https://youtu.be/bVfQ6vEXNlo
Tree Canopy Cover and Coffee Leaf Rust
What is the relationship of tree canopy cover and coffee leaf rust?
https://youtu.be/CD4FLa7h3ak
Colombian Coffee Triangle
There are many excellent coffees in the world but the region where one can find universally excellent coffee in the greatest quantities is in the West of Colombia in the Paisa region of largely rural Colombia. This region is the coffee triangle but is also called the coffee growing axis (Eje Cafetero in Spanish).
https://youtu.be/iIOfTdEeQ8w
Who Invented Coffee?
The story continues that Kaldi brought berries to a nearby monastery where the abbot experimented with the berries and discovered that roasting, grinding and brewing the beans resulted in coffee as we know it. Thus the person who invented coffee in its original form was someone like the abbot in the story who first brewed coffee.
https://youtu.be/_3uXJO8x1KI
More Related Content
Similar to COLOMBIA COFFEE GROWERS HURT BY LOW PRICES
Leaf Rust Resistant Honduran Coffee
Leaf Rust Resistant Honduran Coffee
http://buyorganiccoffee.org/1427/leaf-rust-resistant-honduran-coffee/
Research into resistant coffee strains and significant replanting has led to increased Honduran coffee output and exports. Agrimoney.com writes about how the third ranking exporter of Arabica coffee is well on its way to overcoming coffee leaf rust and bringing exports back up to traditional levels.
Honduran coffee production, and exports, will hit a record high in 2015-16 as Central America’s top bean grower reaps the benefit of efforts to counter rust, which badly hurt the region’s output two seasons ago.
Honduras – Latin America’s third-ranked coffee exporter after Brazil and Colombia, and renowned as an origin of higher quality supplies – will produce 6.11m bags of beans in 2015-16, on an October-to-September basis, the US Department of Agriculture bureau in Tegucigalpa said.
That would take to 37% the rebound in output from a low last season, as coffee rust spread through the country, as it did through other Central American producing nations.
And it would lift output – all of arabica beans – above the record 5.60m bags achieved in 2011-12, before the outbreak of rust, caused by the roya fungus, which cuts yields dramatically and can result in tree death.
Honduras, like Colombia has been carrying out research to develop coffee leaf rust resistant strains. This effort has been successful and many coffee plantations that were replanted a few years ago are back in production.
What Is Climate Change Resistant Coffee?
What Is Climate Change Resistant Coffee?
http://buyorganiccoffee.org/1881/what-is-climate-change-resistant-coffee/
Year after year meteorologists report that average global temperatures have hit another high for the modern era. Considering that what is today the frozen arctic once supported palm trees we have wondered if growing coffee on the arctic tundra will one day be possible. But what would extreme climate change do to coffee production? Last year we asked if climate change could destroy coffee production.
Higher temperatures, more chaotic weather patterns, droughts and floods we become the norm as the world climate change, according to experts. The Tech Times writes about the effect of climate change on agriculture.
As average global temperatures begin to rise due to human activity, scientists say the drastic effects of climate change continue to take effect all over the world.
One of the most severely affected sectors is the field of agriculture. In the past decades, extreme weather conditions caused by climate change have disrupted global food production.
The researchers found that global cereal production was as much as 10% lower in the last twenty years. However, there appears to be a “fertilizer” effect of higher levels of CO2 in the atmosphere. The problem for coffee is that the fertilizer effect would not reduce the risk of leaf rust or help when crops are washed out by floods or die because of drought. Climate change may not destroy coffee production but it may well reduce it.
What should coffee producers do? Phy.org reports that Nicaragua focuses on climate change resistant coffee.
With climate change threatening crops in many parts of the world, Nicaragua is turning to a robust variety of coffee bean to protect one of its key exports.
The appropriately named robusta coffee comes from the Coffea canephora plant, which is being increasingly planted in the Central American country under government authorization.
How Much of the Cost of a Cup of Coffee Are the Beans?
http://buyorganiccoffee.org/1218/how-much-of-the-cost-of-a-cup-of-coffee-are-the-beans/
How Much of the Cost of a Cup of Coffee Are the Beans?
How much of the cost of a cup of coffee are the beans? This question comes to mind as the price of Arabica coffee goes up again. We wrote previously that the Brazil drought drives coffee prices higher. But if the price of coffee beans goes up ten percent does the cost of your coffee go up by the same percent or the same number of cents? The United States Department of Agriculture published an article about the cost pass-through in the coffee industry. We found it published at Colombia.edu.
A rich data set of coffee prices and costs was used to determine to what extent changes in commodity costs affect manufacturer and retail prices. On average, a 10-cent increase in the cost of a pound of green coffee beans in a given quarter results in a 2-cent increase in manufacturer and retail prices in that quarter. If a cost change persists for several quarters, it will be incorporated into manufacturer prices approximately cent-for-cent with the commodity-cost change. Given the substantial fixed costs and markups involved in coffee manufacturing, this translates into about a 3-percent change in retail prices for a 10-percent change in commodity prices. We do not find robust evidence that coffee prices respond more to increases than to decreases in costs.
Thus there is an eventual thirty percent pass-through in the cost of green coffee beans to a bag of roasted coffee beans. This tells us how much of the cost of coffee are the beans.
Organic versus Regular Coffee
The price of coffee is going up because of the drought in Brazil. The bountiful harvest in Colombia is not enough to pick up the slack. But, other factors come to bear on the price of organic coffee and the market price of healthy organic coffee beans. The problem with organic coffee production is not drought but heat. Coffee leaf rust usually does not infect coffee grown at altitudes higher than 6,000 feet. This is because the fungus cannot tolerate the low nighttime temperature usually found at that altitude. But, as temperatures climb just a few degrees in the nighttime in Central and South America the fungus is creeping up the slopes to where organic coffee is commonly grown. The issue with organic coffee is that there is a lot less of it than regular coffee. Although the cost to put a bag of organic coffee on the shelf of a store in North America only goes up thirty percent of the percent rise in the cost of coffee beans the scarcity of organic coffee will tend to drive prices higher. This is the age old law of supply and demand.
Eventually other producers will catch on to what Colombia has done. They will replant with leaf rust resistant strains. This will allow coffee production and especially organic coffee production to rise again and help bring down prices. In the meantime expect to pay more for organic coffee beans.
Colombian Economy and a Shortage of Coffee Pickers
http://buyorganiccoffee.org/1500/colombian-economy-and-a-shortage-of-coffee-pickers/
Colombian Economy and a Shortage of Coffee Pickers
When we think about the quality of regular or healthy organic coffee we usually think about sustainable agriculture, certification and coffee varieties. As a rule the state of the economy does not come to mind. Nevertheless, this article is about the Colombian economy and a shortage of coffee pickers. Bloomberg Business writes that coffee workers quit to build Colombian highways leaving coffee to rot during the harvest season.
Colombian coffee growers face soaring labor costs and harvesting delays as pickers leave for better-paid construction jobs.
Producers of the famed Arabica beans brewed by companies including Starbucks Corp. are paying workers twice what they received two years ago. Still, the labor shortages are leaving coffee beans on trees longer, allowing them to fall to the ground, where beetles can bore into the cherries.
“For every three workers we need, we have two,” said Juan David Rendon, head of the Andes Coffee Cooperative, whose members have about 35,000 hectares (86,000 acres). “Infrastructure in Colombia has been demanding a lot of manpower.”
The source of this dilemma lies in the world economy and especially the USA and China. The US has developed fracking technology to extract more and more oil and natural gas. And the Chinese economy has slowed significantly. The problem for Colombia is that it is an oil exporter and oil prices have fallen by half over the last year. According to Beta, Colombia uses hydroelectric power for its electricity and exports most of its oil.
In recent years, Colombia has increased its importance as an energy producer in the Western Hemisphere. Colombia is currently the third-largest oil producer in Latin America and is the seventh-largest crude exporter to the United States. Colombia is also the largest coal producer in South America.
The Colombian peso has fallen from 1,800 to the dollar to 3,000 to the dollar and jobs in the oil sector are getting hard to find. The Colombian government is doing what the USA, Europe, China and others are doing. They are creating jobs by improving infrastructure. In this case Colombia is building about 1,500 of roads through mountainous terrain. These jobs pay better than picking coffee and at least for the duration of these projects the jobs are year-round rather than season like in the coffee industry. This is relationship between the Colombian economy and shortage of coffee pickers.
Rain in Brazil Means Cheaper Coffee
Rain in Brazil Means Cheaper Coffee
http://buyorganiccoffee.org/1328/rain-in-brazil-means-cheaper-coffee/
Coffee prices fell to their lowest level in a year as drought relief comes to Brazil. The Wall Street Journal writes about expected weather and how coffee sinks to a one year low.
Coffee prices tumbled to the lowest level in nearly a year, as investors recalibrated their expectations for supplies amid signs that weather conditions in Brazil support a healthy harvest.
Arabica coffee for March delivery fell 8.20 cents, or 4.9%, to settle at $1.5940 a pound on the ICE Futures U.S. exchange. This was the lowest close since Feb. 18, 2014, and the biggest one-day percentage drop since Nov. 20.
The weather in Brazil has been better than some investors had expected. Intermittent rainfall is keeping coffee trees hydrated and on track for a healthy crop, said James Cordier, president of Liberty Trading Group in Tampa, Fla. Brazil is the source of roughly half of the world’s arabica beans, a type of coffee prized for its mild flavor.
Brazil is now “getting showers every day or every other day, which is quite normal for this time of year,” Mr. Cordier said. “The idea that the coffee crop would be weighed down by dry weather conditions is just incorrect,” he said. “The drought is far behind us, and the trees have recovered quite well.”
In short, rain Brazil means cheaper coffee. Brazil is the big dog in the coffee world and when drought damaged crops last year prices went up globally.
Coffee Varieties: Colombian
Coffee Varieties: Colombian
http://buyorganiccoffee.org/1460/coffee-varieties-colombian/
Coffee varieties evolve through natural selection or selective breeding. Both factors come into play with Colombian coffees. The specific varieties from which traditional Colombian coffee is derived are typica and bourbon. Colombia is the third leading coffee producer in the world, the second leading producer of Arabica coffees and probably the most reliable source of large quantities of the best Arabica coffees. In recent years Colombian coffee varieties have changed due to replanting after coffee leaf rust infestations.
The story of Colombian leaf rust resistant coffee is inspiring. Leaf rust is a fungal disease that has devastated coffee plantations as far back as the mid to late 19th century. Those with an interest in history may know that Sri Lanka (old Ceylon) used to be a coffee producer until the leaf rust wiped out all production after which the nation switched to growing tea. The coffee leaf rust spread from the East Indies to South Asia and Africa and eventually to the new world. Today a plague of coffee leaf rust threatens the livelihoods of coffee growers and workers throughout Central America. Fortunately for the coffee producing nation of Colombia, the workers at the Cenicafé have found a cure. Cenicafé is a research organization funded by the Colombian Coffee Growers Federation - the folks who bring you Juan Valdez coffee . In the early 1970’s coffee leaf rust was found in the Americas. In the early 1980’s Cenicafé started work on producing a Colombian leaf rust resistant coffee. The Colombian leaf rust resistant coffee comes in two varieties, Colombian and Castillo. The first is a cross between an old Colombian variety, Caturra, and a rust-resistant strain from Southeast Asia, the Timor hybrid. Castillo is an offshoot of further cross breeding of the first Colombian leaf rust resistant coffee strain. Replanting with Colombian leaf rust resistant coffee in Colombia has reduced the incidence of leaf rust from 40% to 5% from 2011 to 2013.
Case 3Competition in the Craft Brewing Industry in 2017John D. Var.docx
Case 3Competition in the Craft Brewing Industry in 2017
John D. Varlaro
Johnson & Wales University
John E. Gamble
Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi
Locally produced or regional craft beers caused a seismic shift in the U.S. beer industry during the early 2010s with the gains of the small, regional newcomers coming at the expense of such well-known brands as Budweiser, Miller, Coors, and Bud Light. Craft breweries, which by definition sold fewer than 6 million barrels (bbls) per year, expanded rapidly with the deregulation of intrastate alcohol distribution and retail laws and a change in consumer preferences toward unique and high-quality beers. The growing popularity of craft beers allowed the total beer industry in the United States to increase by 6.7 percent annually between 2011 and 2016 to reach $39.5 billion. The production of U.S. craft breweries more than doubled from 11.5 million bbls per year to about 24.6 million bbls per year during that time. In addition, production by microbreweries and brewpubs accounted for 90 percent of craft brewer growth in 2016.1
The industry had begun to show signs of a slowdown going into 2017, with Boston Beer Company, the second largest craft brewery in the United States and known for its Samuel Adams brand, experiencing a 4 percent sales decline in 2016 that erased two years of of growth. The annual revenues of Anheuser-Busch InBev SA, whose portfolio included global brands Budweiser, Corona, and Stella Artois and numerous international and local brands, remained relatively consistent from 2014 to 2016. However, the sales volume of Anheuser-Busch’s flagship brands and its newly acquired and international brands such as Corona, Goose Island, Shock Top, Beck’s, and St. Pauli Girl allowed it to control 45.8 percent of the U.S. market for beer in 2016.2
Industry competition was increasing as grain price fluctuations affected cost structures and growing consolidation within the beer industry—led most notably by AB InBev’s acquisition of several craft breweries, Grupo Modelo, and its pending $104 billion acquisition of SABMiller—created a battle for market share. While the market for specialty beer was expected to gradually plateau by 2020, it appeared that the slowing growth had arrived by 2017. Nevertheless, craft breweries and microbreweries were expected to expand in number and in terms of market share as consumers sought out new pale ales, stouts, wheat beers, pilsners, and lagers with regional or local flairs.The Beer Market
The total economic impact of the beer market was estimated to be 2.0 percent of the total U.S. GDP in 2016 when variables such as jobs within beer production, sales, and distribution were included.3Exhibit 1 presents annual beer production statistics for the United States between 2006 and 2016.
Year
Barrels Produced (in millions)*
2006
198
2007
200
2008
200
2009
197
2010
195
2011
193
2012
196
2013
192
2014
193
2015
191
2016
189
*Rounded to the nearest million. .
Coffee Facts Infographic
We consume 2 billion cups of coffee every day worldwide. But do you know where coffee is produced and what challenges coffee producers face?
Coca-Cola Brews a Hot Acquisition Costa Coffee Case A
Coca-Cola Brews a Hot Acquisition: Costa Coffee
Case
Author: Ahmed Maamoun
Online Pub Date: January 15, 2020 | Original Pub. Date: 2020
Subject: Marketing, International Marketing, International Strategic Management
Level: | Type: Indirect case | Length: 3624
Copyright: © Ahmed Maamoun 2020
Organization: Coca-Cola Company| Costa Coffee| Starbucks | Organization size: Large
Region: Northern America, Eastern Asia, Northern Europe | State:
Industry: Manufacture of beverages| Retail trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles
Originally Published in:
Publisher: SAGE Publications: SAGE Business Cases Originals
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781529724554 | Online ISBN: 9781529724554
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© Ahmed Maamoun 2020
This case was prepared for inclusion in SAGE Business Cases primarily as a basis for classroom discussion
or self-study, and is not meant to illustrate either effective or ineffective management styles. Nothing herein
shall be deemed to be an endorsement of any kind. This case is for scholarly, educational, or personal use
only within your university, and cannot be forwarded outside the university or used for other commercial
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SAGE Business Cases
Page 2 of 10
Coca-Cola Brews a Hot Acquisition: Costa Coffee
http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781529724554
Abstract
The Coca-Cola Company, created in 1886, is the world’s largest beverage corporation, offering
over 500 brands to consumers in 200 countries. The company’s revenues and profits have
been dwindling over the last decade, due to the shrinking soda market, as consumers are
turning away from sugary drinks, and cities are imposing soda taxes. While carbonated soft
drinks (CSD) sales are declining, coffee consumption is on the rise. In August 2018, Coca-Cola
decided to get a USD 5 billion shot of caffeine, and acquired the British coffeehouse Costa.
The acquisition was finalized in January 2019, and now the U.S. beverage giant has access to
almost 4,000 Costa stores in 32 countries. Coffee is the second most-traded global commodity
after oil, and the United States is the largest coffee market in the world, with 450 million cups
consumed daily. The possibilities are endless with Coke’s new global coffee platform, and the
acquisition is likely to have a ripple effect for major c ...
Coca cola brews a hot acquisition costa coffee case a
Coca cola brews a hot acquisition costa coffee case a
Similar to COLOMBIA COFFEE GROWERS HURT BY LOW PRICES (18)
How Much of the Cost of a Cup of Coffee Are the Beans?
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Colombian Economy and a Shortage of Coffee Pickers
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Case 3Competition in the Craft Brewing Industry in 2017John D. Var.docx
Case 3Competition in the Craft Brewing Industry in 2017John D. Var.docx
Coca-Cola Brews a Hot Acquisition Costa Coffee Case A
Coca-Cola Brews a Hot Acquisition Costa Coffee Case A
Coca cola brews a hot acquisition costa coffee case a
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How Weather and Climate Affect Coffee Leaf Rust
A problem in a coffee growing region like Colombia is that it is full or micro-climates because of the extent of its mountainous terrain. Thus sorting out effects of climate versus effects of local weather on coffee leaf rust can be difficult.
https://youtu.be/bVfQ6vEXNlo
Tree Canopy Cover and Coffee Leaf Rust
What is the relationship of tree canopy cover and coffee leaf rust?
https://youtu.be/CD4FLa7h3ak
Colombian Coffee Triangle
There are many excellent coffees in the world but the region where one can find universally excellent coffee in the greatest quantities is in the West of Colombia in the Paisa region of largely rural Colombia. This region is the coffee triangle but is also called the coffee growing axis (Eje Cafetero in Spanish).
https://youtu.be/iIOfTdEeQ8w
Who Invented Coffee?
The story continues that Kaldi brought berries to a nearby monastery where the abbot experimented with the berries and discovered that roasting, grinding and brewing the beans resulted in coffee as we know it. Thus the person who invented coffee in its original form was someone like the abbot in the story who first brewed coffee.
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Does Coffee Prevent Covid?
covid prevention, does the coffee benefit with covid wear off, incidence of covid in coffee drinkers
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Effect of Volcanic Ash on Coffee Plants
Before and after photos of the recent eruption of an undersea in the Tonga island group show some islands dusted gray with ash and some completely black with all green plant life invisible. What are the short as well as long term effects of volcanic ash on coffee plants?
https://youtu.be/d_eDGULbyas
Why the Soil Is So Fertile Where They Grow Colombian Coffee
Nevado Del Ruiz is a very broad volcano, capped by glaciers and extensive snow fields. There is evidence of it erupting going back 8,600 years and eruptions have been observed since 1570. This volcano was responsible for the greatest loss of life from a volcano in the history of Latin America when its 1985 eruption melted the dome of snow and ice.
https://youtu.be/YtcwCwZMCGc
Coffee and Stroke
Over the years evidence has accumulated for many beneficial health effects of drinking coffee. Now investigations regarding coffee and stoke indicate that coffee is helpful in this arena as well. In the USA stroke is the leading cause of death with more than 795,000 having strokes each year. A stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain becomes blocked or ruptures. This deprives brain tissue of blood supply and that tissue dies.
https://youtu.be/q-CemYL62iw
Coffee Supply Chain Nightmare
The price of coffee has gone up a bit on the NYMEX due a predicted shortfall in Brazil’s coffee crop. But, the price that you pay for coffee is going up even more due to a coffee supply chain nightmare that is affecting global shipping or all goods.
https://youtu.be/OunP8VMsIvQ
Best Coffee for the Best Price
Coffee of higher quality is better than lower quality but generally costs more. With this thought in mind, what is the best coffee for the best price and how much flavor improvement do you get for each dollar spent.
https://youtu.be/SRDjSDSEGZ4
Coffee pests-and-diseases
Coffee leaf rust, root rot disease, and coffee berry disease are among those coffee pests and diseases that take hold in otherwise healthy coffee crops. There are diseases and pests that can infest a coffee crop and ruin it. Knowing how to prevent or treat these problems is essential for a coffee farmer to avoid financial ruin. The greatest damage to coffee crops comes from pathogenic fungi followed by bacteria or viruses.
https://youtu.be/mmsBPFAmSuw
Uses of Robusta Coffee Beans
The two main commercial types of coffee are Arabica and Robusta. Arabica is better-tasting coffee and Colombian coffee growers produce. Robusta has a higher caffeine content, adds a “kick” to Italian espresso, and is the main source of caffeine in soft drinks sold worldwide.
https://youtu.be/eOfx5qxtyso
How Does Drinking Coffee Prevent Type II Diabetes
We have known for many years that there is a relationship between drinking coffee and a reduction in the incidence of type II diabetes. In general, drinking coffee up to about six cups a day increasingly reduces your likelihood of getting this disease.
https://youtu.be/bG_vnD34BAs
Colombian Coffee Facts
When you are looking for reliably great Arabica coffee the best choice, bar none, is coffee from Colombia.
When you are looking for reliably great Arabica coffee the best choice, bar none, is coffee from Colombia. While there are many places in the world that grow and export great coffee Colombia grows great Arabica coffee across a wider region in the Western Andes than any other growing region in the world.
https://youtu.be/pb06IhbH0Mw
Gene Cafe CBR 1200
I love freshly roasted coffee and decided to give home roasting a try. To save money I went the popcorn popper route. My results were not especially good so I checked out the Gene Café CBR 1200.
Single Source Coffee from Colombia
Colombia is the largest producer and exporter of high-quality Arabic coffee and you can get wholesale artisanal, single origin coffee from Colombia as well.
https://youtu.be/0QEmgrpQQuI
Coffee Varieties Grown in Colombia
The soil, weather conditions, coffee-growing culture, and excellent coffee varieties grown in Colombia all contribute to Colombia producing the largest amounts of the finest coffee in the world.
https://youtu.be/0S_l8H4FIbs
Coffee from Colombia
If you are looking for Arabica coffee, high quality coffee, and lots of it, look for coffee from Colombia. Colombia ranks number one in production and export of the highest-quality Arabica coffee. If, before reading further, you would like to purchase coffee directly from Colombia, send us an email at admin@buyorganiccoffee.org. Buy Organic Coffee works with local producers and processors in the Manizales, Colombia region which is the heart of the Colombian coffee-growing district.
https://youtu.be/oL5SmYQdKbo
Organic Coffee Side Effects
https://buyorganiccoffee.org/2235/organic-coffee-side-effects/
Organic Coffee Side Effects
When we think of something having side effects we usually expect something bad. But, that is not the case with organic coffee. Organic coffee side effects are all good! You may be someone who drinks coffee in the morning to get started. Or you may need a cup of java to make it through a long afternoon at work. And you probably like the aroma and flavor of a good cup of coffee. It does not matter why you drink coffee or how much you drink. You will experience positive organic coffee side effects even if you are not aware of them.
Organic Coffee Side Effects
Better quality coffee
Health benefits of coffee
Benefits of organic versus regular coffee
Helping save the environment
Organic Coffee Side Effects, 1: Better Quality Coffee
Your organic coffee is almost always Arabica organic coffee.
There are two basic species of coffee, Arabica and Robusta. Arabica coffee is generally believed to be the first type of coffee to be cultivated with a tradition stretching back over a thousand years. When you buy Arabica organic coffee you are choosing the species of coffee with superior taste.
Arabica has less caffeine than Robusta, the other basic coffee type. But Arabica has more complex flavor and aroma and is the ingredient of most gourmet coffees. So, when you choose organic coffee for whatever purpose, the side effects are better aroma and better taste.
Organic Coffee Side Effects, 2: Health Benefits
Coffee has many health benefits. And most of those benefits come from the antioxidants found in green coffee and also those formed during roasting. Higher quality coffee such as organic coffee typically has more antioxidants and therefore more health benefits.
For the complete lowdown on organic coffee health benefits, take a look at our article of the same name. The short version is that if you drink coffee you are less likely to get a whole bunch of bad diseases. These diseases which you can perhaps avoid include Type II diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, liver cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer, colon cancer, death by suicide, and progressive dementia.
Not only are you likely to live longer by drinking coffee, you will perform better and enjoy yourself more along the way. For folks who engage in strength and endurance sports a cup or two of coffee beforehand helps their performance. And, it turns out that sex is better too for coffee drinkers. What? Does coffee make sex better?
Scientific research shows that coffee can lead to sexual arousal in females. Studies of sixtyish men and women show that coffee drinking women have sex more frequently and coffee drinking men have higher potency.
UTZ Certified Coffee
https://buyorganiccoffee.org/832/utz-certified-coffee/
UTZ Certified Coffee
Individuals looking for organic coffee may run across the UTZ Certified label. This label says that the bag of coffee you are buying came from a coffee farm that employed sustainable agricultural practices, good environmental practices and efficient farm management. A key feature of the UTZ Certified label is that UTZ Certified coffee is traced from grower to roaster. UTZ certified coffee is sold in North America, Europe, and Japan, in nearly fifty nations. According to UTZ,
UTZ Certified stands for sustainable farming and better opportunities for farmers, their families and our planet. The UTZ program enables farmers to learn better farming methods, improve working conditions and take better care of their children and the environment. Through the UTZ-program farmers grow better crops, generate more income and create better opportunities while safeguarding the environment and securing the earth’s natural resources.
UTZ starts by educating the coffee farmer, working with him to achieve organic status, and then follows through by providing a market for his organic coffee.
Tough Requirements, Gradual Implementation with UTZ Certified Coffee
The long term goals of UTZ are good agricultural practices, safe and healthy working conditions, abolishment of child labor, and environmental protection. However, a grower does not need to accomplish all that is required in the first year. This allows a grower to sign up to get his coffee UTZ certified, learn what is necessary, and grow into the long term requirements of the program. Because of the close tracking feature of all UTZ Certified products, consumers of healthy organic coffeeproduced by these growers can be assured of product quality as well as the farming practices that brought it to market.
What UTZ Teaches and Requires
A UTZ grower learns to do the following and then continues to do what is needed.
• Reduce and prevent soil erosion
• Keep records of fertilizer and chemical use and use these products responsibly
• Follow good farming practices including integrated pest management
• Avoid deforestation
• Protect water sources, native and endangered species
• Use native fauna for shade grown coffee
• Train workers properly in their own language
• Implement and follow through on health and safety requirements
• Teach and require good hygiene
• Trace coffee from planting to roaster
• Carry out internal inspections every year
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COLOMBIA COFFEE GROWERS HURT BY LOW PRICES
- 2. Colombia, the second-largest supplier of Arabica coffee beans, said a slump in prices is putting at risk next year’s recovery in its harvest. By www.buyorganiccoffee.org
- 3. A prolonged drop poses a “serious danger” because some farmers are losing money at current prices, Mario Gomez, a member of the board of Colombia’s National Federation of Coffee Growers for about three decades, By www.buyorganiccoffee.org
- 4. said in a telephone interview from the city of Manizales in the nation’s central coffee- farming region. By www.buyorganiccoffee.org
- 5. “That’s the death of coffee production,” Gomez said. “Losses lead to crops being neglected and then abandoned.” By www.buyorganiccoffee.org
- 6. Coffee has declined 16 percent in a month on speculation supplies will increase from Brazil, the top producer of Arabica coffee favored by brewers such as Starbucks Corp. (SBUX) By www.buyorganiccoffee.org
- 7. The Colombian federation’s Chief Executive Officer Luis Munoz forecast last month that 2013 output may rebound to a five- year high of 9 million bags as disease-resistant crops aid production. By www.buyorganiccoffee.org
- 8. Arabica-coffee futures for September delivery, slid 2 percent to close at $1.5105 a pound on ICE Futures U.S. in New York. By www.buyorganiccoffee.org
- 9. The crop this year, which is being harvested, will be similar to 2011, Munoz said in May. By www.buyorganiccoffee.org
- 10. Last year, the nation’s production of 7.81 million bags slid to a 35- year low after above-average rainfall damaged crops. By www.buyorganiccoffee.org
- 11. Each bag weighs 60 kilograms (132 pounds). By www.buyorganiccoffee.org
- 12. Weather in coffee-producing regions has been drier this quarter after an end to the weather system La Nina, Gomez said. By www.buyorganiccoffee.org
- 13. The weather pattern caused an increase in storms that contributed to the lowest Colombian production since 2009. By www.buyorganiccoffee.org
- 14. A shortage of quality coffee beans after production slid in Colombia may prompt prices to increase as global demand rises, he said. By www.buyorganiccoffee.org