Triplehelical domain of chicken sternum collagen type II. Gnd-HCl extracon, pepsin digeson, salt precipitaon, ion exchange chromatography, gel-filtraon. Nave type II collagen has posive effects on the treatment of early rheumatoid arthris.
Collagenase can specifically hydrolyze the three-dimensional helical structure of native collagen under physiological pH and temperature conditions without damaging other proteins and tissues. The chemical nature of collagenase is a protein, and therefore, it is very sensitive to temperature, pH, and various factors that cause protein denaturation, and is easily influenced by external conditions that can change its conformation and properties. Learn more about collagen and collagenase at Creative Enzymes: https://www.creative-enzymes.com/similar/Collagenase_148.html
Potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate and citric acid together with vacuum packing have extended puree shelf life by 3-6 months in our trials at ambient conditions (T<25C).
However, the gap lies on the efficacy of the preservative combination in retarding or stopping the growth of harmful pathogens in the puree, and also their effects on β-carotene retention is unknown.
Blood lipids refer to a group of fatty substances present in blood, mainly including cholesterol and triglycerides. There are generally two forms of cholesterols circulating in the bloodstream: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Abnormal lipid level in blood is always associated with a number of diseases, such as high blood pressure, coronary arteries, hypothyroidism, type 2 diabetes, obesity, pancreatitis, et al. https://diagnostic-enzymes.creative-enzymes.com/blood-lipids.html
Native Bacillus licheniformis Protease at Creative EnzymesCreative Enzymes
A protease is an enzyme that helps proteolysis: protein catabolism by hydrolysis of peptide bonds. The native Bacillus licheniformis protease belongs to the serine endopeptidase subtilisin family, which breaks the peptide bond non-specifically under alkaline conditions. The enzyme is active in aqueous solutions and in some organic solvents such as dry octane. The protease is inactivated by serine active-site inhibitors, such as phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and diisopropyl fluorophosphate. https://www.creative-enzymes.com/product/native-bacillus-licheniformis-protease_936.html
Molecular biology grade lyophilized powder of Recombinant Proteinase KCreative Enzymes
Proteinase K is a broad-spectrum serine protease originally isolated from the fungus Engyodontiumalbum (Tritirachium album). The enzyme was named "proteinase K" for its ability to digest keratin. Structural and molecular biology studies suggest that the enzyme belongs to the subtilisin family characterized by a catalytic triad (Asp39-His9-Ser2) in the active site. Proteinase K has no pronounced cleavage specificity and the preferential cleavage site is the peptide bond adjacent to hydrophobic amino acids. https://www.creative-enzymes.com/product/proteinase-k-from-tritirachium-album-limber-recombinant_3427.html
β-Amylase hydrolyzes the a-(1,4)glucan linkages in polysaccharides of three or more a-(1,4)linked D-glucose units. Natural substrates such as starch and glycogen are broken down intoglucose and maltose. β-amylase, also known as starch β-1,4-galactosidase, is an exo-amylase that cleaves the separated a-1,4 bonds from non-reducing ends when acting on starch and produces maltose. Because amylase changes the configuration of C1 in the hydrolysate maltose molecule from alpha type to beta type during the hydrolysis process, it is named β-amylase. https://www.creative-enzymes.com/product/-amylase-food-grade-_3167.html
Collagenase can specifically hydrolyze the three-dimensional helical structure of native collagen under physiological pH and temperature conditions without damaging other proteins and tissues. The chemical nature of collagenase is a protein, and therefore, it is very sensitive to temperature, pH, and various factors that cause protein denaturation, and is easily influenced by external conditions that can change its conformation and properties. Learn more about collagen and collagenase at Creative Enzymes: https://www.creative-enzymes.com/similar/Collagenase_148.html
Potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate and citric acid together with vacuum packing have extended puree shelf life by 3-6 months in our trials at ambient conditions (T<25C).
However, the gap lies on the efficacy of the preservative combination in retarding or stopping the growth of harmful pathogens in the puree, and also their effects on β-carotene retention is unknown.
Blood lipids refer to a group of fatty substances present in blood, mainly including cholesterol and triglycerides. There are generally two forms of cholesterols circulating in the bloodstream: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Abnormal lipid level in blood is always associated with a number of diseases, such as high blood pressure, coronary arteries, hypothyroidism, type 2 diabetes, obesity, pancreatitis, et al. https://diagnostic-enzymes.creative-enzymes.com/blood-lipids.html
Native Bacillus licheniformis Protease at Creative EnzymesCreative Enzymes
A protease is an enzyme that helps proteolysis: protein catabolism by hydrolysis of peptide bonds. The native Bacillus licheniformis protease belongs to the serine endopeptidase subtilisin family, which breaks the peptide bond non-specifically under alkaline conditions. The enzyme is active in aqueous solutions and in some organic solvents such as dry octane. The protease is inactivated by serine active-site inhibitors, such as phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and diisopropyl fluorophosphate. https://www.creative-enzymes.com/product/native-bacillus-licheniformis-protease_936.html
Molecular biology grade lyophilized powder of Recombinant Proteinase KCreative Enzymes
Proteinase K is a broad-spectrum serine protease originally isolated from the fungus Engyodontiumalbum (Tritirachium album). The enzyme was named "proteinase K" for its ability to digest keratin. Structural and molecular biology studies suggest that the enzyme belongs to the subtilisin family characterized by a catalytic triad (Asp39-His9-Ser2) in the active site. Proteinase K has no pronounced cleavage specificity and the preferential cleavage site is the peptide bond adjacent to hydrophobic amino acids. https://www.creative-enzymes.com/product/proteinase-k-from-tritirachium-album-limber-recombinant_3427.html
β-Amylase hydrolyzes the a-(1,4)glucan linkages in polysaccharides of three or more a-(1,4)linked D-glucose units. Natural substrates such as starch and glycogen are broken down intoglucose and maltose. β-amylase, also known as starch β-1,4-galactosidase, is an exo-amylase that cleaves the separated a-1,4 bonds from non-reducing ends when acting on starch and produces maltose. Because amylase changes the configuration of C1 in the hydrolysate maltose molecule from alpha type to beta type during the hydrolysis process, it is named β-amylase. https://www.creative-enzymes.com/product/-amylase-food-grade-_3167.html
A protease is an enzyme that helps proteolysis: protein catabolism by hydrolysis of peptide bonds. The nave Bacillus licheniformis protease belongs to the serine endopeptidase subtilisin family, which breaks the peptide bond non-specifically under alkaline conditions. The enzyme is active in aqueous solutions and in some organic solvents such as dry octane. The protease is inactivated by serine active-site inhibitors, such as phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and diisopropylfluorophosphate. https://www.creative-enzymes.com/product/native-bacillus-licheniformis-protease_936.html
Proteinase K is a stable and highly reactive serine protease. Evidence from crystal and molecular structure studies indicates the enzyme belongs to the subtilisin family with an active-site catalytic triad (Asp39-His69-Ser224). It is stable in a broad range of environments:pH, buffer salts, detergents (SDS), and temperature. In the presence of 0.1-0.5% SDS, proteinase K retains activity and will digest a variety of proteins and nucleases in DNA preparations without compromising the integrity of the isolated DNA. https://www.creative-enzymes.com/product/proteinase-k-from-tritirachium-album-limber-recombinant_3427.html
Probiotics are living microorganisms that co-exist with humans. Different from pathogenic microorganisms, probiotics are beneficial, and sometimes essential to health. For example, intake of probiotics can increase the number of beneficial bacteria in the intense, maintain the dynamic balance of intestinal flora, and enhance
gastrointestinal health. https://www.creative-enzymes.com/cate/probiotics_99.html
Tn5 Transposase is a hyperactive form of Tn5 transposase. This enzyme can be used to randomly insert Tn5 transposon into target DNA. Robust Tn5 Transposase recognizes inside end sequences, outside end sequences and mosaic end sequences of Tn5 transposon. https://www.creative-enzymes.com/product/tn5-transposase_8479.html
Blood lipids refer to a group of fatty substances present in the blood, mainly including cholesterol and triglycerides. There are generally two forms of cholesterols circulating in the bloodstream: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Abnormal lipid level in blood is always associated with a number of diseases, such as high blood pressure, coronary arteries, hypothyroidism, type 2 diabetes, obesity, pancreatitis, et al. https://diagnostic-enzymes.creative-enzymes.com/blood-lipids.html
Explore creative enzymes's enzyme products for triglyceride kitCreative Enzymes
A Triglyceride Kit is used to measure triglyceride concentration in mammalian samples. The triglyceride assay is easy and sensitive. Triglycerides are converted to free fay acids and glycerol. Glycerol is then oxidized to generate a product that reacts with a probe to generate colour and fluorescence. Creative Enzymes provides enzymes that are essential to produce triglyceride kits. https://diagnostic-enzymes.creative-enzymes.com/glycerol-3-phosphate-oxidase-from-pediococcus-sp-item-10.html
Creative Enzymes's Diagnostic Enzymes for POC Biosensor Creative Enzymes
Point-of-care testing (POCT) refers to a group of immediate test approaches that are implemented near or at the site of patient care. Various portable and handheld instruments and test kits, or biosensors, have supplemented the POC. Creative Enzymes serves diagnostic enzyme products to optimize your POC biosensors. https://diagnostic-enzymes.creative-enzymes.com/poct-bio-sensor.html
Explore Enzymes Involved in Blood Lipid Metabolism at Creative EnzymesCreative Enzymes
Blood lipids refer to a group of fay substances present in blood, mainly including cholesterol and triglycerides. There are generally two forms of cholesterols circulating in bloodstream: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Abnormal lipid level in blood is always associated with a number of diseases, such as high blood pressure, coronary arteries, hypothyroidism, type 2 diabetes, obesity, pancreas, et al. https://diagnostic-enzymes.creative-enzymes.com/blood-lipids.html
Probiotics may exhibit antiallergic effects by degradation or structural modification of enteral antigens, stabilization of aberrant microbiota, improvement of the gut-barrier function, secretion regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators, and development of the immune system. https://probiotic.creative-enzymes.com/multi-strain-probiotics/antiallergic-formula.html
As an enzyme expert, Creative Enzymes is engaged in providing the best products and services for worldwide researchers, especially for enzymes modification. Immobilization is one of the most popular methods that were initially developed for biotechnology processes. Creative Enzymes offers enzyme immobilization services with reliable outcomes, improved performance, and surface analysis. https://www.creative-enzymes.com/service/Enzyme-Modification-By-Immobilization_366.html
Creative Enzymes is a worldwide leading company in diagnostic enzymes manufacturing and supply. We are committed to providing our customers with diverse enzyme products and custom enzyme-related services for medical and research diagnosis. Relying on our professional team and state-of-art technologies, we have gained solid reputation for having top of the line products and services.
Creative Enzymes is a professional and experienced supplier of probiotics. In the past decade, Creative Enzymes mainly provides enzyme-related products and services. With the continuous expansion of business areas and scale, we have set foot in other areas and established a sound probiotic production and supply chain. Based on our high-quality products and services, as well as the unique advantages of large-scale production, our probiotic products are widely favored by industrial customers and scientific research customers.
Creative Enzymes is a world-wide provider of the best enzyme products. We now offer medical enzymes for pharmaceutical and diagnostic uses. In contrast to the industrial uses, enzymes of therapeutic uses are requested in relatively lower amounts but at a very high degree of purity and specificity. We have the capability to assure high-quality enzyme products based on our advanced equipment and professional techniques. In the past few years, the reliability of our products has been approved by thousands of customers and scientists. Specialized in the medical industry, the various kinds of enzyme products of Creative Enzymes will support your research in multiple areas.
As an enzyme expert, Creative Enzymes is engaged in providing the best products and services for worldwide researchers, especially for enzymes modification. Immobilization is one of the most popular methods that were initially developed for biotechnology processes. Creative Enzymes offers enzyme immobilization services with reliable outcomes, improved performance, and surface analysis.
Creative Enzymes is a worldwide leading company in diagnostic enzymes manufacturing and supply. We are committed to providing our customers with diverse enzyme products and custom enzyme-related services for medical and research diagnosis. Relying on our professional team and state-of-art technologies, we have gained solid reputation for having top of the line products and services. https://diagnostic-enzymes.creative-enzymes.com/
Creative Enzymes has long demonstrated expertise and reliability in development and establishment of biocatalysis systems. We provide products, services, and consultation covering every step in the whole process of a biocatalyst development, including the design, modification, expression, purification, production, and validation of specific enzymatic or microbial systems that catalyze the desired reactions. https://www.creative-enzymes.com/service/Biocatalysis-Services_67.html
Triplehelical domain of chicken sternum collagen type II. Gnd-HCl extracon, pepsin digeson, salt precipitaon, ion exchange chromatography, gel-filtraon. Nave type II collagen has posive effects on the treatment of early rheumatoid arthris. https://www.creative-enzymes.com/product/native-chicken-collagen-type-ii_3352.html
The abnormality in enzyme metabolism system leads to many metabolic diseases that are related to components of enzyme metabolism system. Enzymes have been widely used in clinical examinaon as the preferred markers in various disease states such as myocardial infarcon, jaundice, pancreas, cancer, neurodegenerave disorders, etc. They provide insight through the ability of diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of response therapy. https://www.creative-enzymes.com/promotions/Featured-Enzyme-Products-For-Diagnostic-Use_6.html
Triplehelical domain of chicken sternum collagen type II. Gnd-HCl extracon, pepsin digeson, salt precipitaon, ion exchange chromatography, gel-filtraon. Nave type II collagen has posive effects on the treatment of early rheumatoid arthris.
Enzymes are known to aid food processing in a wide variety of applications, for example manufacturing of cheese, vinegar and wine; leavening of bread; brewing of beer and so on. In these processes enzymes help to save energy and resources, as well as improve the overall efficiency. In many instances, the use of enzymes has been proved to decrease the volumes and toxicity of byproducts and effluents. Creative Enzymes provides a wide range of products including high purity enzymes and custom blends, which can be readily used in food and beverage processes. https://www.creative-enzymes.com/cate/Food-And-Beverage-Applications_108.html
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
A protease is an enzyme that helps proteolysis: protein catabolism by hydrolysis of peptide bonds. The nave Bacillus licheniformis protease belongs to the serine endopeptidase subtilisin family, which breaks the peptide bond non-specifically under alkaline conditions. The enzyme is active in aqueous solutions and in some organic solvents such as dry octane. The protease is inactivated by serine active-site inhibitors, such as phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and diisopropylfluorophosphate. https://www.creative-enzymes.com/product/native-bacillus-licheniformis-protease_936.html
Proteinase K is a stable and highly reactive serine protease. Evidence from crystal and molecular structure studies indicates the enzyme belongs to the subtilisin family with an active-site catalytic triad (Asp39-His69-Ser224). It is stable in a broad range of environments:pH, buffer salts, detergents (SDS), and temperature. In the presence of 0.1-0.5% SDS, proteinase K retains activity and will digest a variety of proteins and nucleases in DNA preparations without compromising the integrity of the isolated DNA. https://www.creative-enzymes.com/product/proteinase-k-from-tritirachium-album-limber-recombinant_3427.html
Probiotics are living microorganisms that co-exist with humans. Different from pathogenic microorganisms, probiotics are beneficial, and sometimes essential to health. For example, intake of probiotics can increase the number of beneficial bacteria in the intense, maintain the dynamic balance of intestinal flora, and enhance
gastrointestinal health. https://www.creative-enzymes.com/cate/probiotics_99.html
Tn5 Transposase is a hyperactive form of Tn5 transposase. This enzyme can be used to randomly insert Tn5 transposon into target DNA. Robust Tn5 Transposase recognizes inside end sequences, outside end sequences and mosaic end sequences of Tn5 transposon. https://www.creative-enzymes.com/product/tn5-transposase_8479.html
Blood lipids refer to a group of fatty substances present in the blood, mainly including cholesterol and triglycerides. There are generally two forms of cholesterols circulating in the bloodstream: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Abnormal lipid level in blood is always associated with a number of diseases, such as high blood pressure, coronary arteries, hypothyroidism, type 2 diabetes, obesity, pancreatitis, et al. https://diagnostic-enzymes.creative-enzymes.com/blood-lipids.html
Explore creative enzymes's enzyme products for triglyceride kitCreative Enzymes
A Triglyceride Kit is used to measure triglyceride concentration in mammalian samples. The triglyceride assay is easy and sensitive. Triglycerides are converted to free fay acids and glycerol. Glycerol is then oxidized to generate a product that reacts with a probe to generate colour and fluorescence. Creative Enzymes provides enzymes that are essential to produce triglyceride kits. https://diagnostic-enzymes.creative-enzymes.com/glycerol-3-phosphate-oxidase-from-pediococcus-sp-item-10.html
Creative Enzymes's Diagnostic Enzymes for POC Biosensor Creative Enzymes
Point-of-care testing (POCT) refers to a group of immediate test approaches that are implemented near or at the site of patient care. Various portable and handheld instruments and test kits, or biosensors, have supplemented the POC. Creative Enzymes serves diagnostic enzyme products to optimize your POC biosensors. https://diagnostic-enzymes.creative-enzymes.com/poct-bio-sensor.html
Explore Enzymes Involved in Blood Lipid Metabolism at Creative EnzymesCreative Enzymes
Blood lipids refer to a group of fay substances present in blood, mainly including cholesterol and triglycerides. There are generally two forms of cholesterols circulating in bloodstream: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Abnormal lipid level in blood is always associated with a number of diseases, such as high blood pressure, coronary arteries, hypothyroidism, type 2 diabetes, obesity, pancreas, et al. https://diagnostic-enzymes.creative-enzymes.com/blood-lipids.html
Probiotics may exhibit antiallergic effects by degradation or structural modification of enteral antigens, stabilization of aberrant microbiota, improvement of the gut-barrier function, secretion regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators, and development of the immune system. https://probiotic.creative-enzymes.com/multi-strain-probiotics/antiallergic-formula.html
As an enzyme expert, Creative Enzymes is engaged in providing the best products and services for worldwide researchers, especially for enzymes modification. Immobilization is one of the most popular methods that were initially developed for biotechnology processes. Creative Enzymes offers enzyme immobilization services with reliable outcomes, improved performance, and surface analysis. https://www.creative-enzymes.com/service/Enzyme-Modification-By-Immobilization_366.html
Creative Enzymes is a worldwide leading company in diagnostic enzymes manufacturing and supply. We are committed to providing our customers with diverse enzyme products and custom enzyme-related services for medical and research diagnosis. Relying on our professional team and state-of-art technologies, we have gained solid reputation for having top of the line products and services.
Creative Enzymes is a professional and experienced supplier of probiotics. In the past decade, Creative Enzymes mainly provides enzyme-related products and services. With the continuous expansion of business areas and scale, we have set foot in other areas and established a sound probiotic production and supply chain. Based on our high-quality products and services, as well as the unique advantages of large-scale production, our probiotic products are widely favored by industrial customers and scientific research customers.
Creative Enzymes is a world-wide provider of the best enzyme products. We now offer medical enzymes for pharmaceutical and diagnostic uses. In contrast to the industrial uses, enzymes of therapeutic uses are requested in relatively lower amounts but at a very high degree of purity and specificity. We have the capability to assure high-quality enzyme products based on our advanced equipment and professional techniques. In the past few years, the reliability of our products has been approved by thousands of customers and scientists. Specialized in the medical industry, the various kinds of enzyme products of Creative Enzymes will support your research in multiple areas.
As an enzyme expert, Creative Enzymes is engaged in providing the best products and services for worldwide researchers, especially for enzymes modification. Immobilization is one of the most popular methods that were initially developed for biotechnology processes. Creative Enzymes offers enzyme immobilization services with reliable outcomes, improved performance, and surface analysis.
Creative Enzymes is a worldwide leading company in diagnostic enzymes manufacturing and supply. We are committed to providing our customers with diverse enzyme products and custom enzyme-related services for medical and research diagnosis. Relying on our professional team and state-of-art technologies, we have gained solid reputation for having top of the line products and services. https://diagnostic-enzymes.creative-enzymes.com/
Creative Enzymes has long demonstrated expertise and reliability in development and establishment of biocatalysis systems. We provide products, services, and consultation covering every step in the whole process of a biocatalyst development, including the design, modification, expression, purification, production, and validation of specific enzymatic or microbial systems that catalyze the desired reactions. https://www.creative-enzymes.com/service/Biocatalysis-Services_67.html
Triplehelical domain of chicken sternum collagen type II. Gnd-HCl extracon, pepsin digeson, salt precipitaon, ion exchange chromatography, gel-filtraon. Nave type II collagen has posive effects on the treatment of early rheumatoid arthris. https://www.creative-enzymes.com/product/native-chicken-collagen-type-ii_3352.html
The abnormality in enzyme metabolism system leads to many metabolic diseases that are related to components of enzyme metabolism system. Enzymes have been widely used in clinical examinaon as the preferred markers in various disease states such as myocardial infarcon, jaundice, pancreas, cancer, neurodegenerave disorders, etc. They provide insight through the ability of diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of response therapy. https://www.creative-enzymes.com/promotions/Featured-Enzyme-Products-For-Diagnostic-Use_6.html
Triplehelical domain of chicken sternum collagen type II. Gnd-HCl extracon, pepsin digeson, salt precipitaon, ion exchange chromatography, gel-filtraon. Nave type II collagen has posive effects on the treatment of early rheumatoid arthris.
Enzymes are known to aid food processing in a wide variety of applications, for example manufacturing of cheese, vinegar and wine; leavening of bread; brewing of beer and so on. In these processes enzymes help to save energy and resources, as well as improve the overall efficiency. In many instances, the use of enzymes has been proved to decrease the volumes and toxicity of byproducts and effluents. Creative Enzymes provides a wide range of products including high purity enzymes and custom blends, which can be readily used in food and beverage processes. https://www.creative-enzymes.com/cate/Food-And-Beverage-Applications_108.html
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
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Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
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The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
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