Cognitive Strategy in detail and strategies to deal with stress

1. Cognition Strategies
Member#4
Aleena

2. Cognitive strategies
 Cognitive strategies are one type of learning process that learners use to
learn more successfully. These include repetition, organizing new
language, summarizing meaning from context, summarizing meaning
from context, using imagery of memorization.
 O’Malley says the cognitive strategies are those which operate directly on
incoming information, manipulating it in the ways which enhance your
learning.

3. There are 4 basic learning cognitive
strategies
 Repetition: When imitating others
 Resourcing: Having resources. (Internet, dictionary, cooperate)
 Translation: That is the use of the mother tongue for translation.
 Taking notes: Writing down the important words and information while
listening or reading

4. Examples
• TPSR (Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility).
It is a learning model put forward by Don Hellison. It is a very effective way of learning
and as well as youth development.
 Levels of TPSR
TPSR focuses on students achieving five major goals (often described as levels).
• These are described as respect (level 1)
• Participation and effort (level 2)
• Self-direction (level 3)
• Caring and leadership (level 4)
• Transfer of the various goals to other contexts (level 5)

5.  Components of TPSR:
The main components of this cognitive learning strategy are
• Think: Ask students to think independently about the important parts,
situations, or the problem They will be thinking
• Pairing: Each student reads his or her ideas and discusses them with the
partner. Then each compares his or her understanding.
• Sharing: Share it with a group. After they have compared their answers they
they should start sharing their results with the entire group.
• Reflect: Students should make the important key points and do a short
reflection on the lessons they have learned.

6. Examples
• Task-Based Strategies
 Make Inferences: It refers to using clues to figure out the meaning.
 Read and listen between the lines: Go beyond the text to understand the
meaning.
 Make predictions: Make hypotheses, make logical Guesses, anticipate the
information to come.
 Personalize: Relate new concepts to your own life, knowledge, and beliefs.
 Using Cognates: Applying your linguistic knowledge of other languages to
the language.

7. • Substitute/Paraphrase: Using synonyms or descriptive phrases.
• Classify and Sequence: Categorizing words and ideas according to the
attributes. Identifying ordering and sequence.
• Using Graphics: Use or create visual representations (such as Venn
Diagrams, timelines, and charts) of the relationship between important
concepts.
• Summarize: Create a mental, oral, or written summary of the
information.
• Selective attention: Focusing on important information.

8. Some other examples of Cognitive
Strategies are
 Concept mapping
 Visualization
 Making Associations
 Chunking
 Questioning
 Scanning
 Underlining
 Using Mnemonics
 Sounding out words
 Self-Checking and
monitoring
 Contextual Clues
Four different forms of
contextual clues are
o Synonyms
o Explanation
o Illustration
o Comparison and contrast

9. Coping Statements
 Coping statements are truthful positive statements used to replace the
negative and untrue thoughts that take over when you feel anxious,
stressed, angry, and/or when facing other overwhelming situations
 For example:
Replace, "I can't take it anymore." With, "This is uncomfortable, but I can
handle it if I take slow and deep breaths."

10. Individual coping Statements.
The first step in managing a conflict is individual coping. An individual needs
to manage the conflicts or differences inside him to be able to come up with
an agreement with the people around him. Individual coping include :
 Exercise
 Relaxation
 Behavioral
 Self-Control
 Cognitive Therapy
 Networking

11. Organizational Coping Statements
In any organization, there are various types of personalities, Aggressive.
Assertive and Submissive. Every personality has a different opinion which
gives rise to conflicts. Self-Control. To cope with organizational conflicts,
strategies used should be:
 Assess positive and negative personality traits of people involved.
 Taking over control by the seniors if conflicts are at lower level
management. If seniors are involved they have to come up with an
agreement between them as adverse effects will be felt over the entire
organization.

12. .
 Confront whosoever is involved directly. A joint outcome is better than
attaining losses.
 Brainstorming sessions to be conducted regularly.

13. Some other Coping Statements
 Diagnosis: Diagnose the nature of the conflict so that it’s easy to find a
solution for it.
 Initiation: Taking the initiative to influence someone to change their
behavior that may be causing the conflict.
 Listening: An important strategy to reduce conflicts is the ability to listen
and understand the other person’s point of view.
 Avoidance: Stay away from conflict.
 Compromise: Willingness to settle a conflict with an agreement that all
parties involved will accept willingly.

14. Different coping statements for different
situations
 Coping statements for Stress.
 Coping Statements for Anxiety.
 Coping Statements for fear.
 Coping statements for phobia.
 Coping Statements for panic.
 Coping Statements for Aggression, etc.

15. Stress

16. Stress
❖ Stress is a subjective sensation associated with varied symptoms that differ
for each of us.
❖ Stress is not always a synonym for distress.
❖ Stress increases productivity up to a point, after which things rapidly
deteriorate.
❖ Mental and physical health are aspects of functioning that are most
strongly influenced by exposure to stress.

17. Causes of Stress on Students
 Academics
 Extracurricular
 Peers
 Parental Pressure
 Time Management, etc.

18. Unhealthy ways of Coping with Stress
 Smoking
 Drinking too much
 Overeating
 Withdrawing from friends, family, and activities
 Using pills or drugs to relax
 Sleeping too much
 Filling up every minute of the day to avoid facing problems

19. Healthy ways of coping with stress
 Building Resilience to Stress
 Prevention decreasing sources of stress in school environments
 Increasing the coping skills of all students
 Targeted Intervention
 Helping the individual change the source of stress, or teaching specific
coping skills to help the child adapt to a situation that cannot be
changed.

20. .
 School Psychologist's Role
 Be familiar with common stressors in your district Culture of Classrooms,
School & Community
 Reinforce the importance of clear, consistent, and reasonable expectations
 Teach problem-solving & coping skills
 Introduce stress prevention and reduction strategies
 Educate administration and faculty on mental health issues for students
and staff

21. Some other Healthy Coping Statements
 Fighting this doesn’t help – so I’ll just relax and breathe deeply and let it
float away.
 This feeling isn’t comfortable, but I can handle it.
 By relaxing through these feelings I learn to face my fears.
 I can feel anxious and still deal with this situation.
 This is not a real emergency. I can slow down and think about what I
need to do.
 Whatever happens, happens. I can handle it.

22. .
 This feeling will go away.
 By staying present and focused on my task my anxiety will decrease.
 These are just thoughts – not reality.
 Anxiety won’t hurt me.
 Feeling tense is natural. It tells me it’s time to use coping strategies.
 Things are not as bad I am making them out to be.
 By facing my fears I can overcome them.
 Worry doesn’t help

23. Benefits of coping statements
 Tries to change and/or solve the problem:
Coping strategies help reduce conflicts in organizations and let the
employees work towards a common goal without organizational
hiccups.
 Confronts the real problem:
Coping helps realize the real problems in the organizations. Problems
such as low performance and low employee satisfaction levels.

24. .
 Keeps identity and role separate:
Coping ensures that an employee’s identity and their roles in the
organization remain separate, a mixture of these could result in higher
levels of conflicts in the organization.
 Improves Performance:
Managing your stress well can help you feel better physically and
psychologically and it can impact your ability to perform your best.
Thank you 