COA-lesson2&3-sao.pdf

Computer Organization & Architecture
Sansão Albino Timbane
Topic 2

Before, let’s notice that:
We are computers users. We use
computer and related devices for
fulfilling different tasks. I’m using the
computer facilities to mediate this
class…And you will be using the
same facilities to access this lecture
handouts.

Computer application areas
1. Education
It used as a teaching learning tool.
It is used in a result processing.
Exam preparation such as questing preparation etc.
2. Health and Medicine
Research in health.
Development of Health Net of doctors and Hospitals
CT Scanning and Ultra sound
Record Kipping of patients
3. Banking and Finance Company
Audit record keeping, finding dividend of investors.
Electronic Monet Transfer
Note calculation Mechanism

Computer application areas
4. Hotel Management
Personnel management
To keep inventory report
Documentation
Airline Corporation
Ticket booking/reservation
Ticket cancellation
Account and administration
5. Agriculture Development
Agro census
Research and development manpower development and
supervision

Information and Communication Technologies: ICT
ICT has more recently been used to describe the convergence
of several technologies and the use of common transmission
lines carrying very diverse data and communication types and
formats.
ICT refers to all the technology used to handle
telecommunications, broadcast media, intelligent building
management systems, audiovisual processing and transmission
systems, and network-based control and monitoring functions.
What are the main areas of ICT?
Control (Cam-CAD, Robotic)
Comunication (Telecommunications and telematics)
Computer (Informatics and Automation/Burotica)

What is a computer System

What is a computer System
A computer system consists of a set of electronic devices
(hardware) capable of processing information according to a
program (software).
A computer system is a basic, complete and functional
computer, including all the hardware and software required to
make it functional for any user. It should have the ability to
receive user input, process data and with the processed data,
create information for future storage and/or output.
A system of interconnected computers that share a central
storage system and various peripheral devices such as a
printers, scanners, or routers. Each computer connected to the
system can operate independently, but has the ability to
communicate with other external devices and computers.

What is a computer
Computer (from the Latin computare)
means to calculate or programmable machine.
A computer is an electronic device that manipulates
information/data.

Common Computer features (characteristics)
 Calculation Power
 Process Speed
 Application Flexibility
Basic parts of the computer
 Hardware
 Software (Computer can not do anything without a Program)
 Firmware

Types of computer based on operating mode
 Analogical
 Hybrid
 Digital
Types of computer regarding postage (size)
 Supercomputers
 Mainframes
 Minicomputers
 Microcomputers

There are many variety of computer systems assisting us in
everyday activities, from personal handhelds (smartphone,
tablets,…) to big servers (blue gen) storing great amount of
dater.
Topic 3

Computers

There are many parameters to classify computers:
Operating mode Size
Cost
Speed of operation
Computational power
Type of application
Purpose

How do we solve this dilema?
Although any classification is difficult, and any rigid
classification is impossible, Benice classifies computers
considering the following parameters:
Operating mode Size
Purpose

Supercomputers
Computer with a high level of computing performance
compared to a general-purpose computer.
Cray-1 of 1976
IBM Blue Gene/P supercomputer: runs 164,000
processor cores, grouped in 40 racks/cabinets
connected by a high-speed 3-D torus network.

Mainframe
kind of large computer that runs an entire corporation

Minicomputers and Microcomputers
Currently, it is not realistic due to the technological modifications:
size, architectures, performance (processor, memory, energy
consumption and cooling conditions), design,…
Minicomputers
Used between1960-1980
“Small "(6 meters and weight
over 700Kg): compared to
Supercomputers/mainframes
Limited functionality and slower
processors
Used in: academies,
companies, industries/business
Minicromputers
Personal Computers deseloped
from 1970 (used from1981)
Desktop, Laptop, PDA,...
Small, Lightweight (less than
10Kg)
Versatile, with faster and ever-
changing processors (constant
evolution)

Desktop vs Tower
Tower: mini, mid, full
Desktop
Super Tower, Ultra Tower, Mod Tower, Small Form Factor (SFF)

Mini Tower: 2 bays, 35-40Cm, mATX case
Mid Tower: 3-4 bays, 43-53Cm, ATX case. 6-8
HDDs
Full Tower: 5 + bays, 56-68Cm, ATX/EATX/XL-
ATX case, 8 + HDDs
Circulation,
Cooling,
performance,

Small Form Factor (SFF)
Super Tower, Ultra Tower, Mod Tower, Small Form Factor (SFF)
Super Tower/Ultra Tower
<68Cm
Mod Tower: módulos de
montagem

Evolution of Computers Systems
 History of Computer
 Generations of Computers
 First Generation (1945-1955) -
 Second Generation (1955-1965) -
 Third Generation (1965-1975) -
 Fourth Generation (1975-1985) -
 Beyond the Fourth Generation (1985- till today) -

Identifying computer components

Everything you need to become great is right
where you are standing, and that is the
place to practice.

COA-lesson2&3-sao.pdf

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