The document summarizes the results of an industrial scale pilot plant that tested the ENEXAL Bauxite Residue treatment process. The process treats bauxite residue from the Bayer process through smelting in an AC electric arc furnace to produce pig iron and a slag suitable for mineral wool production. Testing over one year at a pilot plant treating 25 tons of residue showed that pig iron was produced within specifications and mineral wool was produced with good quality properties. While successful as a proof of concept, further optimization is needed to improve energy efficiency and make the process profitable at larger commercial scales.
The Technology
AMRT is a pyro-metallurgical process technology company specializing in processing electric arc furnace dusts, mineral fines and primary ore concentrates. We can also re-process secondary mining products such as slag dumps, slimes dams and process waste
This document summarizes results from an industrial scale pilot plant that tested a novel process for treating bauxite residue (red mud) from aluminum production. The process involves smelting the red mud in an electric arc furnace to produce two marketable products - pig iron and mineral wool fibers. No solid or liquid byproducts are produced. The pilot plant operated for over a year using a 1 megavolt-ampere electric arc furnace and a fiberization line. The mass and energy balances of the process are presented, along with preliminary scale-up calculations.
INDUSTRAIL WASTE WATER FOR SUGAR CANE INDUSTRYSampath Kumar
This PPT gives the information about manufacturing process of sugar and various waste that are produced during the process and treatment for the waste before the disposal or for safe disposal with flow diagrams
The steam nozzle converts the enthalpy of steam into kinetic energy as it expands from high to low pressure. There are three types of nozzles: convergent nozzles where the area continuously decreases, divergent nozzles where the area continuously increases, and convergent-divergent nozzles where the area first decreases then increases. Convergent-divergent nozzles are most widely used in steam turbines today.
The document discusses different types of compressors, including positive displacement compressors like Roots blowers and vane blowers, and non-positive displacement compressors such as centrifugal and axial flow compressors. It also mentions single stage reciprocating compressors and PV diagrams.
The document summarizes the results of an industrial scale pilot plant that tested the ENEXAL Bauxite Residue treatment process. The process treats bauxite residue from the Bayer process through smelting in an AC electric arc furnace to produce pig iron and a slag suitable for mineral wool production. Testing over one year at a pilot plant treating 25 tons of residue showed that pig iron was produced within specifications and mineral wool was produced with good quality properties. While successful as a proof of concept, further optimization is needed to improve energy efficiency and make the process profitable at larger commercial scales.
The Technology
AMRT is a pyro-metallurgical process technology company specializing in processing electric arc furnace dusts, mineral fines and primary ore concentrates. We can also re-process secondary mining products such as slag dumps, slimes dams and process waste
This document summarizes results from an industrial scale pilot plant that tested a novel process for treating bauxite residue (red mud) from aluminum production. The process involves smelting the red mud in an electric arc furnace to produce two marketable products - pig iron and mineral wool fibers. No solid or liquid byproducts are produced. The pilot plant operated for over a year using a 1 megavolt-ampere electric arc furnace and a fiberization line. The mass and energy balances of the process are presented, along with preliminary scale-up calculations.
INDUSTRAIL WASTE WATER FOR SUGAR CANE INDUSTRYSampath Kumar
This PPT gives the information about manufacturing process of sugar and various waste that are produced during the process and treatment for the waste before the disposal or for safe disposal with flow diagrams
The steam nozzle converts the enthalpy of steam into kinetic energy as it expands from high to low pressure. There are three types of nozzles: convergent nozzles where the area continuously decreases, divergent nozzles where the area continuously increases, and convergent-divergent nozzles where the area first decreases then increases. Convergent-divergent nozzles are most widely used in steam turbines today.
The document discusses different types of compressors, including positive displacement compressors like Roots blowers and vane blowers, and non-positive displacement compressors such as centrifugal and axial flow compressors. It also mentions single stage reciprocating compressors and PV diagrams.
Condensers turn a substance from gas to liquid by way of cooling.
Cooling tower is a heat rejection device that rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a coolant stream
This document lists 4 types of high pressure boilers: La-Mont FBB, Benson Boiler, Loeffler Boiler, and Velox Boiler. No other details are provided about the boilers in the short, 4-item list.
This document discusses alternative fuels that can be used in engines, including alcohols, vegetable oils, biodiesel, biogas, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, and hydrogen. It provides information on producing some of these fuels and their properties. When used in engines, some alternative fuels like alcohols have higher compression ratios and produce fewer emissions than gasoline but have lower energy content. The document also discusses modifications needed for engines running on different alternative fuels and presents data on performance and emissions of engines using various alternative fuels.
The document discusses different types of thermodynamic systems and their characteristics. It defines closed, open, and isolated systems based on whether they allow for mass and/or energy transfer with their surroundings. An adiabatic system exchanges work but not heat, while a homogeneous system consists of a single phase and a heterogeneous system consists of multiple phases. Any process that returns a system to its initial state is considered a cycle. Reversible processes occur through continuous equilibrium states while irreversible processes occur through non-equilibrium states. Temperature is proportional to the average molecular kinetic energy. Work is the product of a force and distance of displacement, and heat is something that flows due to a temperature difference between a system and its surroundings.
The document summarizes three regimes of boiling - purely convective boiling where liquid slowly rises from the heated surface, nucleate boiling where vapor bubbles form and detach from nucleation sites on the surface, and film boiling where a vapor film covers the entire surface. It also discusses two types of condensation - film wise where a continuous liquid film forms, and drop wise where small liquid droplets form randomly. Finally, it introduces heat exchangers as devices that transfer heat between two fluids through a separating solid barrier.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Condensers turn a substance from gas to liquid by way of cooling.
Cooling tower is a heat rejection device that rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a coolant stream
This document lists 4 types of high pressure boilers: La-Mont FBB, Benson Boiler, Loeffler Boiler, and Velox Boiler. No other details are provided about the boilers in the short, 4-item list.
This document discusses alternative fuels that can be used in engines, including alcohols, vegetable oils, biodiesel, biogas, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, and hydrogen. It provides information on producing some of these fuels and their properties. When used in engines, some alternative fuels like alcohols have higher compression ratios and produce fewer emissions than gasoline but have lower energy content. The document also discusses modifications needed for engines running on different alternative fuels and presents data on performance and emissions of engines using various alternative fuels.
The document discusses different types of thermodynamic systems and their characteristics. It defines closed, open, and isolated systems based on whether they allow for mass and/or energy transfer with their surroundings. An adiabatic system exchanges work but not heat, while a homogeneous system consists of a single phase and a heterogeneous system consists of multiple phases. Any process that returns a system to its initial state is considered a cycle. Reversible processes occur through continuous equilibrium states while irreversible processes occur through non-equilibrium states. Temperature is proportional to the average molecular kinetic energy. Work is the product of a force and distance of displacement, and heat is something that flows due to a temperature difference between a system and its surroundings.
The document summarizes three regimes of boiling - purely convective boiling where liquid slowly rises from the heated surface, nucleate boiling where vapor bubbles form and detach from nucleation sites on the surface, and film boiling where a vapor film covers the entire surface. It also discusses two types of condensation - film wise where a continuous liquid film forms, and drop wise where small liquid droplets form randomly. Finally, it introduces heat exchangers as devices that transfer heat between two fluids through a separating solid barrier.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
4. COAL CLEANING EQUIPMENTS
1. Removal of dirt – Primary screen to size less than 8cm
2. Coal drying - Moisture Less than 10%,heatby steam
3. Coal sizing – Uniformity of coal size is essential
4. Sulphur removal – More than 2.5% sulphur is restricted due
to fouling and corrosion
5. Washing
(i) Water Jigs
(ii) Concentrating table
(iii) hydro cyclone
(iv) Heavy medium