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Enron was once the sixth largest energy company in the world but collapsed in 2001 due to widespread corporate fraud. Most top executives were convicted for inflating the company's earnings and profits through deceptive accounting practices. Thousands of employees lost their life savings and retirement funds when Enron stock became worthless as the fraud was revealed. The collapse of Enron resulted in the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history at that time and led to new laws and regulations to increase transparency and protect investors.
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enron
Upper management at Enron made poor judgments that led to unethical practices throughout the company as power and greed took over. To hide losses and show profits, Enron used fraudulent accounting methods like mark-to-market accounting and off-balance sheet financing by moving losses into entities that were sold for fabricated profits. When stock prices fell and the truth emerged, it was revealed that Enron had been manipulating numbers for years while their auditor, Arthur Andersen, knew of the practices, costing both companies everything in the end. The collapse led to major reforms within the SEC and new regulations like the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
The collapse de-enron; Collapse of Enron
A ppt on the issues and events leading to collapse of a giant called Enron in USA; by students of PGDM 2012-14 at Era Business School, New Delhi
Enron case study
Enron was once considered one of the most innovative companies in America but collapsed due to accounting fraud. It used complex accounting methods like mark-to-market accounting and special purpose entities to hide debts and inflate profits. Whistleblower Sherron Watkins warned of accounting issues but the company fell into bankruptcy in 2001 after revealing billions in losses, decimating employees' retirement funds. The scandal shook confidence in financial markets and led to stricter accounting regulations.
Case Study of Enron
Case study of ENRON and includes its comprehensive introduction & timeline, defaulted parties, conclusion, analysis, recommendation.
Enron - The accounting disaster
- Enron began as a natural gas company in 1985 and later diversified into many business areas including trading hundreds of commodities globally by 2001.
- The company collapsed in 2001 after it was revealed that years of reported profits and growth were based on dubious accounting practices and outright fraud.
- Enron's collapse resulted in significant losses for shareholders and employees, as well as widespread debt and losses across the energy industry and beyond.
Enron case study
This presentation talks about the various problems that Enron faced. It also gives a 10 point solution for how not to become the next Enron.
Enron scam- Role of derivatives
Enron used complex derivatives and accounting schemes to hide losses and inflate profits. They created special purpose entities like LJM that hid debts off the balance sheet. Enron also used derivatives to hide losses from failing technology investments. As the dot-com bubble burst, Enron could no longer conceal the losses and was forced to dilute shareholders by issuing more stock. This led to the collapse of Enron in late 2001 after several accounting scandals were revealed. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was passed in 2002 to reform accounting practices and increase transparency following the Enron scandal.
Recommended
enron
Upper management at Enron made poor judgments that led to unethical practices throughout the company as power and greed took over. To hide losses and show profits, Enron used fraudulent accounting methods like mark-to-market accounting and off-balance sheet financing by moving losses into entities that were sold for fabricated profits. When stock prices fell and the truth emerged, it was revealed that Enron had been manipulating numbers for years while their auditor, Arthur Andersen, knew of the practices, costing both companies everything in the end. The collapse led to major reforms within the SEC and new regulations like the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
The collapse de-enron; Collapse of Enron
A ppt on the issues and events leading to collapse of a giant called Enron in USA; by students of PGDM 2012-14 at Era Business School, New Delhi
Enron case study
Enron was once considered one of the most innovative companies in America but collapsed due to accounting fraud. It used complex accounting methods like mark-to-market accounting and special purpose entities to hide debts and inflate profits. Whistleblower Sherron Watkins warned of accounting issues but the company fell into bankruptcy in 2001 after revealing billions in losses, decimating employees' retirement funds. The scandal shook confidence in financial markets and led to stricter accounting regulations.
Case Study of Enron
Case study of ENRON and includes its comprehensive introduction & timeline, defaulted parties, conclusion, analysis, recommendation.
Enron - The accounting disaster
- Enron began as a natural gas company in 1985 and later diversified into many business areas including trading hundreds of commodities globally by 2001.
- The company collapsed in 2001 after it was revealed that years of reported profits and growth were based on dubious accounting practices and outright fraud.
- Enron's collapse resulted in significant losses for shareholders and employees, as well as widespread debt and losses across the energy industry and beyond.
Enron case study
This presentation talks about the various problems that Enron faced. It also gives a 10 point solution for how not to become the next Enron.
Enron scam- Role of derivatives
Enron used complex derivatives and accounting schemes to hide losses and inflate profits. They created special purpose entities like LJM that hid debts off the balance sheet. Enron also used derivatives to hide losses from failing technology investments. As the dot-com bubble burst, Enron could no longer conceal the losses and was forced to dilute shareholders by issuing more stock. This led to the collapse of Enron in late 2001 after several accounting scandals were revealed. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was passed in 2002 to reform accounting practices and increase transparency following the Enron scandal.
Enron (2)
The document provides details on the Enron scandal, including profiles of key individuals involved and a timeline of events. It describes how Andrew Fastow committed fraud starting in 1996 through creating off-book entities at Enron. The scandal unraveled in 2001 with Enron having to restate earnings and eventually declaring bankruptcy in November 2001. Many individuals were later charged and convicted for their roles in the fraudulent accounting practices. Arthur Andersen was also convicted for shredding Enron documents.
Enron presentation
Kenneth Lay founded Enron in 1985 in Omaha, Nebraska as a natural gas company. Under Lay and other executives like Jeffrey Skilling and Andrew Fastow, Enron grew dramatically to become the sixth largest energy company by 2000 through development of power plants and pipelines. However, revelations in late 2001 showed Enron had been using special purpose entities to hide debt and inflate profits, leading to its bankruptcy filing on December 2, 2001 and collapse. Thousands of employees lost their jobs and investors lost billions in the resulting scandal.
enronpresentation-120815130819-phpapp01.pptx
Enron was an energy company founded in 1985 in Omaha, Nebraska and headquartered in Houston, Texas. At its peak in 2000, Enron employed over 22,000 people and had annual revenue of $101 billion, making it the largest energy trader in the world. However, in late 2001 it was revealed that Enron's reported financial condition was sustained substantially by an institutionalized, systematic, and creatively planned accounting fraud, known as the Enron scandal. This led to its bankruptcy on December 2, 2001 and dissolution.
RECENT MAJOR WHITE-COLLAR CRIME SENTENCESAllen Stanford. Sentenc.docx
RECENT MAJOR WHITE-COLLAR CRIME SENTENCES
Allen Stanford. Sentence: 110 years
Allen Stanford, 63, was a Texan financier accused of running a $7 billion Ponzi scheme. He had investors invest billions of dollars into his bank, and then spent the money on private jets, yachts and acres of undeveloped Antiguan land among other expenditures. In December 2008 Stanford International Bank had $88 million in cash, but it fudged its numbers to say it had $1 billion in assets. In the same month it finally owed investors $7 billion when they tried to pull out their money, and the bank had no money to cover the costs.
In 2012, a jury found Stanford guilty of conspiracy, along with 12 other criminal charges including obstruction. He was found innocent of one wire fraud charge. Stanford was sentenced to 110 years in federal prison.
Bernard Madoff, Businessman. Sentence: 150 years
Madoff, 72, directed one of the largest Ponzi schemes in U.S. history. Madoff, in his role as CEO of Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC, stole from his clients in a $65 billion Ponzi scheme. Despite a continuing decline in the economy, Madoff continued to assure his clients that his numbers (investment returns) would continue rising. As the economy continued to decline, Madoff’s increases became suspicious and clients began to contact him to get their money back. When the requests for returned funds reached $7 billion, Madoff met with his sons and told them that his business was fraudulent. The sons turned Madoff in to the authorities.
In 2009, Madoff pleaded guilty to, among other things, securities fraud, wire fraud, money laundering, making false filings with the SEC, and making false statements. He was sentenced to the maximum 150 years in prison for his offenses. His projected release date is November 14, 2159. Since Madoff’s plea, David Friehling from his accounting department has pled guilty to securities fraud, investment advisor fraud, and making false filings with the SEC. Additionally, Frank DiPascali has pled guilty to securities fraud, investment advisor fraud, mail fraud, wire fraud, income tax evasion, international money laundering, falsifying books and records, and more.
Joseph Naccio. Sentence: 6 years
Joseph Naccio, 60, was the chief financial officer and chairman of the board for Qwest Communications International. Qwest is a telecommunications provider in the western United States. When the economy began to decline, Naccio continued to assure Wall Street that the company would continue making large returns even though he knew that such returns would not occur. Based on inside information, Nacchio sold $52 million of Qwest stock just before the prices fell.
In 2007, Naccio was convicted on 19 counts of insider trading and sentenced to 6 years in federal prison. Additionally, Naccio was ordered to pay a $19 million fine and restitution of the $52 million he had made as a result of illegal stock transactions. Although his conviction was overturned in 2008 ...
Enron scam
1. Enron Corporation filed for bankruptcy in 2001 due to massive accounting fraud. Enron had hidden billions in debt through off-balance sheet partnerships and inflated profits in its financial reports.
2. Key players in the fraud included CEO Ken Lay, CFO Andrew Fastow, and Arthur Andersen auditors. Fastow had secretly earned $30 million managing partnerships that hid Enron's debts.
3. The fraud led to the dissolution of Arthur Andersen and prison sentences for several Enron executives. Former CEO Jeff Skilling received the harshest sentence of 24 years for his role in the scandal. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was passed in response to tighten financial regulation and increase corporate
Kenneth Lay
Kenneth Lay was the CEO of Enron who was convicted of fraud for his role in the company's collapse. He violated principles of utilitarianism and deontology by allowing fraudulent accounting practices that misled investors and employees, resulting in billions lost and thousands of job losses. Lay received bonuses as Enron's stock price rose on false profits, while encouraging employees to invest in the stock. After Enron declared bankruptcy, Lay was indicted and convicted but died before sentencing, so his conviction was vacated.
Enron scandal
Enron was a massive failure, partly because of its size, partly because of its complexity, partly because the controls to protect the integrity of capital markets failed, and especially because of the massive greed and collusion of key participants. Management failed, auditors failed, analysts failed, reditors/bankers failed, and regulators failed. The intersection of multiple failures sent a signal of structural problems. Suddenly, the consequence of deceptive financial data resulting from structural failure in the capital markets was not merely a hypothetical possibility. The speed with which the system responded indicates the importance of fairly presented financial information.
Enron Scandal -Business Ethics
The document summarizes the rise and fall of Enron Corporation, once the 7th largest company in the US. It describes Enron as an energy trading company that was awarded as the most innovative company for six years. However, in 2001, Enron reported major losses and had to file for bankruptcy after overstating profits by $600 million. The scandal uncovered widespread accounting fraud and corruption at Enron and led to 20,000 employees losing their jobs and retirement funds. Top executives were paid large bonuses despite the company's troubles. The document examines how Enron's culture of greed, deception and lack of ethics contributed to the scandal. Key people involved were later charged and sentenced to prison for their role in the fraud.
Kenneth Lay
Kenneth Lay rose through the ranks of the energy industry, becoming CEO of Enron in 1986. Under his leadership, Enron grew rapidly but also engaged in deceptive accounting practices to hide losses. This led to Enron's bankruptcy in 2001, costing thousands their jobs and pensions and resulting in Lay's criminal conviction for fraud, though he died before being sentenced.
Corporate governance report
Enron Corporation was formed in 1985 through the merger of two energy companies and grew to become the largest natural gas and electricity trader in North America. Through aggressive strategies and accounting practices that hid losses, Enron saw its stock price rise dramatically in the late 1990s. However, in 2001-2002, Enron collapsed into bankruptcy after its complex accounting schemes and off-balance sheet debt were revealed through a whistleblower and SEC investigation. Top executives were later convicted of fraud for artificially inflating profits through these practices.
Enron: A Financial Mess
Enron Corporation was an American energy, commodities, and services giant. In this case study, we have tried to analyse the major reasons behind the collapse of Enron and the aftermath of this scandal
CampeloEMGT7019-8week 8A II
Kenneth Lay was the CEO of Enron which collapsed in 2001 due to an accounting fraud scandal. Enron used complex accounting techniques like mark-to-market accounting and special purpose entities to hide debts and inflate profits, misleading investors. When details emerged, Enron filed for bankruptcy. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was passed in response, strengthening regulations for public companies. Key executives like Lay, Skilling, and Fastow were convicted for their roles, but others like Lou Pai who left with $280 million were not charged. The scandal revealed flaws in self-regulation of businesses and lack of oversight.
Chapter Six White-Collar Crime and the Business CommunityAmids.docx
Chapter Six White-Collar Crime and the Business Community
Amidst the turmoil and fallout of the Enron scandal that led to the company’s declaration of bankruptcy, a number of former Enron officials faced charges for various offenses. One such official was former CEO Jeffrey Skilling, who was ultimately found guilty of 19 fraud related charges, including conspiracy, insider trading, securities fraud, and making false statements to auditors. As punishment for his misdeeds, the 52-year-old Skilling was sentenced in 2006 to 24 years and 4 months in a federal prison. In addition, he was fined $45 million, which was to be put into a fund to benefit those who had been harmed by Enron’s collapse. While serving his sentence in 2010, he won a minor victory when the U.S. Supreme Court found that instructions to the jury with respect to one of the charges were inaccurate, and threw out the conviction on that charge. The case was then sent back to the trial court judge to determine whether the inaccurate instructions regarding the one charge tainted the convictions on the other charges. In 2013, the case was finally resolved as he was resentenced to 14 years in a federal prison as part of a court ordered reduction and a separate plea agreement with the prosecution. Unfortunately, this story is just one of many recent large and complex white-collar crime scandals. During 2009, Internet crime resulted in losses in the United States of $559.7 million, more than two times as much as in 2008.1 At the end of 2008, the FBI was investigating 545 corporate fraud cases each of which involved investor losses that exceeded $1 billion.2 The Coalition Against Insurance Fraud reports that insurance fraud costs Americans more than $80 billion per year.3
1 Internet Crime Complaint Center, IC3 Annual Internet Crime Report 2009; retrieved May 10, 2010, from National White Collar Crime Center, http://www.nw3c.org/research/site_files .cfm?fileid=d1991bea-8a22-4e54-82f5-678d4d83581a&mode=r.
2 Federal Bureau of Investigation, Financial Crimes Report to the Public Fiscal Year 2008; retrieved May 10, 2010, from http://www.fbi.gov/publications/financial/fcs_report2008/financial_crime_2008.htm#health.
3 Coalition Against Insurance Fraud, “Consumer Information.” Accessed May 10, 2010 at http://www .insurancefraud.org/fraud_backgrounder.htm.
White-collar crimes—crimes committed in a commercial context—occur every day. Collectively, these crimes often result in millions of dollars of damages. In recent years, as corporate crimes such as the ones detailed in Exhibit 6-1
Allen Stanford. Sentence: 110 years
Allen Stanford, 63, was a Texan financier accused of running a $7 billion Ponzi scheme. He had investors invest billions of dollars into his bank, and then spent the money on private jets, yachts, and acres of undeveloped Antiguan land among other expenditures. In December 2008, Stanford International Bank had $88 million in cash, but it fudged its numbers to say it had $1 billion in.
Chapter Six White-Collar Crime and the Business CommunityAmids.docx
Chapter Six White-Collar Crime and the Business Community
Amidst the turmoil and fallout of the Enron scandal that led to the company’s declaration of bankruptcy, a number of former Enron officials faced charges for various offenses. One such official was former CEO Jeffrey Skilling, who was ultimately found guilty of 19 fraud related charges, including conspiracy, insider trading, securities fraud, and making false statements to auditors. As punishment for his misdeeds, the 52-year-old Skilling was sentenced in 2006 to 24 years and 4 months in a federal prison. In addition, he was fined $45 million, which was to be put into a fund to benefit those who had been harmed by Enron’s collapse. While serving his sentence in 2010, he won a minor victory when the U.S. Supreme Court found that instructions to the jury with respect to one of the charges were inaccurate, and threw out the conviction on that charge. The case was then sent back to the trial court judge to determine whether the inaccurate instructions regarding the one charge tainted the convictions on the other charges. In 2013, the case was finally resolved as he was resentenced to 14 years in a federal prison as part of a court ordered reduction and a separate plea agreement with the prosecution. Unfortunately, this story is just one of many recent large and complex white-collar crime scandals. During 2009, Internet crime resulted in losses in the United States of $559.7 million, more than two times as much as in 2008.1 At the end of 2008, the FBI was investigating 545 corporate fraud cases each of which involved investor losses that exceeded $1 billion.2 The Coalition Against Insurance Fraud reports that insurance fraud costs Americans more than $80 billion per year.3
1 Internet Crime Complaint Center, IC3 Annual Internet Crime Report 2009; retrieved May 10, 2010, from National White Collar Crime Center, http://www.nw3c.org/research/site_files .cfm?fileid=d1991bea-8a22-4e54-82f5-678d4d83581a&mode=r.
2 Federal Bureau of Investigation, Financial Crimes Report to the Public Fiscal Year 2008; retrieved May 10, 2010, from http://www.fbi.gov/publications/financial/fcs_report2008/financial_crime_2008.htm#health.
3 Coalition Against Insurance Fraud, “Consumer Information.” Accessed May 10, 2010 at http://www .insurancefraud.org/fraud_backgrounder.htm.
White-collar crimes—crimes committed in a commercial context—occur every day. Collectively, these crimes often result in millions of dollars of damages. In recent years, as corporate crimes such as the ones detailed in Exhibit 6-1
Allen Stanford. Sentence: 110 years
Allen Stanford, 63, was a Texan financier accused of running a $7 billion Ponzi scheme. He had investors invest billions of dollars into his bank, and then spent the money on private jets, yachts, and acres of undeveloped Antiguan land among other expenditures. In December 2008, Stanford International Bank had $88 million in cash, but it fudged its numbers to say it had $1 billion in ...
6 White-Collar Crime and the Business Community CRIME AND C.docx
6 White-Collar Crime and the Business Community
CRIME AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
DISTINGUISHING FEATURES OF WHITE-COLLAR CRIME
COMMON WHITE-COLLAR CRIMES
PREVENTION OF WHITE-COLLAR CRIME
FEDERAL LAWS USED IN THE FIGHT AGAINST WHITE-COLLAR CRIME
STATE LAWS USED IN THE FIGHT AGAINST WHITE-COLLAR CRIME
GLOBAL DIMENSIONS OF WHITE-COLLAR CRIME
A midst the turmoil and fallout of the Enron scandal that led to the company’s declaration of bankruptcy, a number of former Enron officials faced charges for various offenses. One such official was former CEO Jeffrey Skilling, who was ultimately found guilty of 19 fraud related charges, including conspiracy, insider trading, securities fraud, and making false statements to auditors. As punishment for his misdeeds, the 52-year-old Skilling was sentenced in 2006 to 24 years and 4 months in a federal prison. In addition, he was fined $45 million, which was to be put into a fund to benefit those who had been harmed by Enron’s collapse. While servining his sentence in 2010, he won a minor victory when the U.S. Supreme Court found that instructions to the jury with respect to one of the charges were inaccurate, and threw out the conviction on that charge. The case was then sent back to the trial court judge to determine whether the inaccurate instructions regarding the one charge tainted the convictions on the other charges. In 2013, the case was finally resolved as he was resentenced to 14 years in a federal prison as part of a court ordered reduction and a separate plea agreement with the prosecution. Unfortunately, this story is just one of many recent large and complex white-collar crime scandals. During 2009, Internet crime resulted in losses in the United States of $559.7 million, more than two times as much as in 2008.1 At the end of 2008, the FBI was investigating 545 corporate fraud cases each of which involved investor losses that exceeded $1 billion.2
1’Internet Crime Complaint Center, IC3 Annual Internet Crime Report 2009; retrieved May 10, 2010, from National White Collar Crime Center, http://www.nw3c.org/research/site_files.cfm?fileid=dl991bea-8a22-4e54-82f5-678d4d83581a&mode=r.
2Federal Bureau of Investigation, Financial Crimes Report to the Public Fiscal Year 2008; retrieved May 10, 2010, from http://www.fbi.gov/publications/financial/fcs_report2008/financial_crime2008.htm#health
135 136
The Coalition Against Insurance Fraud reports that insurance fraud costs Americans more than $80 billion per year.3
White-collar crimes—crimes committed in a commercial context—occur every day. Collectively, these crimes often result in millions of dollars of damages. In recent years, as corporate crimes such as the ones detailed in Exhibit 6-1 become more publicized, people’s attitudes toward corporations and white-collar crime are being affected.
3Coalition Against Insurance Fraud, “Consumer Information,” http://www.insurancefraud.org/fraud_backgrounder.htm, May 10, 2010
EXHIBIT 6-.
Timeline Amsouth Case
AmSouth bank provided blank account documents to Hamric and Nance in 2000, allowing them to open fraudulent custodial trust accounts and issue promissory notes promising high monthly interest payments to investors starting in 2001. An investigation began in 2002 when payments stopped being made, and both Hamric and Nance pled guilty and were sentenced to prison in 2003-2004 for money laundering while AmSouth failed to comply with subpoenas. AmSouth ultimately entered into a deferred prosecution agreement in 2004 where they forfeited $40 million.
59Chapter 3 CIVIL FORENSIC ASSESSMENT .docx
59
Chapter 3
CIVIL FORENSIC ASSESSMENT
When most people think of law, they think about criminal law — statutes
that specify proscribed acts that violate explicit and cherished social norms,
procedures for determining when such acts have been committed, and pun-
ishments for the acts committed. Yet the vast majority of law is civil law,
which is focused on regulating the day - to - day conduct of human affairs
and, in particular, attempting to prevent and resolve confl icts between par-
ties. Civil law governs our lives from before we are born until we die; it
even controls our actions after we die.
Civil forensic assessments are psychological evaluations intended
to assist decision making with respect to matters of civil law. The scope
of forensic psychological practice with respect to civil law is as broad as
the domain of civil law itself. There are too many specifi c types of civil
forensic assessment to enumerate, let alone discuss. Instead, we begin by
discussing some of the most common areas of practice in broad or gen-
eral terms. We then provide a more detailed discussion of forensic assess-
ment with respect to three issues in civil law: civil commitment, parenting
capacity, and child maltreatment.
In this chapter, you will become familiar with:
The difference between civil law and criminal law
An overview of important topics within civil forensic assessment
Civil commitment and civil commitment evaluations
Parenting capacity and parenting capacity evaluations
Child maltreatment and child maltreatment risk assessments
•
•
•
•
•
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
c03.indd 59c03.indd 59 11/3/09 5:39:24 PM11/3/09 5:39:24 PM
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 4/17/2020 8:22 PM via STRAYER UNIVERSITY
AN: 309009 ; Roesch, Ronald, Hart, Stephen D., Zapf, Patricia A..; Forensic Psychology and Law
Account: strayer.main.eds-live
60 Civil Forensic Assessment
Britney Jean Spears was born to be an entertainer. Even as a child, she was
a star: At age 10, she began appearing on television programs such as Star
Search and The New Mickey Mouse Club . At age 17, she completed her debut
album, . . . Baby One More Time , and quickly became one of the world ’ s most
famous and best - selling singer - entertainers. But she is also a tragic figure
whose highly publicized personal problems, which may stem at least in part
from a history of mental disorder and substance use, have led to numerous
appearances in civil courts.
Spears has appeared twice in court seeking to terminate marriages. He ...
59Chapter 3 CIVIL FORENSIC ASSESSMENT
59
Chapter 3
CIVIL FORENSIC ASSESSMENT
When most people think of law, they think about criminal law — statutes
that specify proscribed acts that violate explicit and cherished social norms,
procedures for determining when such acts have been committed, and pun-
ishments for the acts committed. Yet the vast majority of law is civil law,
which is focused on regulating the day - to - day conduct of human affairs
and, in particular, attempting to prevent and resolve confl icts between par-
ties. Civil law governs our lives from before we are born until we die; it
even controls our actions after we die.
Civil forensic assessments are psychological evaluations intended
to assist decision making with respect to matters of civil law. The scope
of forensic psychological practice with respect to civil law is as broad as
the domain of civil law itself. There are too many specifi c types of civil
forensic assessment to enumerate, let alone discuss. Instead, we begin by
discussing some of the most common areas of practice in broad or gen-
eral terms. We then provide a more detailed discussion of forensic assess-
ment with respect to three issues in civil law: civil commitment, parenting
capacity, and child maltreatment.
In this chapter, you will become familiar with:
The difference between civil law and criminal law
An overview of important topics within civil forensic assessment
Civil commitment and civil commitment evaluations
Parenting capacity and parenting capacity evaluations
Child maltreatment and child maltreatment risk assessments
•
•
•
•
•
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
c03.indd 59c03.indd 59 11/3/09 5:39:24 PM11/3/09 5:39:24 PM
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 4/17/2020 8:22 PM via STRAYER UNIVERSITY
AN: 309009 ; Roesch, Ronald, Hart, Stephen D., Zapf, Patricia A..; Forensic Psychology and Law
Account: strayer.main.eds-live
60 Civil Forensic Assessment
Britney Jean Spears was born to be an entertainer. Even as a child, she was
a star: At age 10, she began appearing on television programs such as Star
Search and The New Mickey Mouse Club . At age 17, she completed her debut
album, . . . Baby One More Time , and quickly became one of the world ’ s most
famous and best - selling singer - entertainers. But she is also a tragic figure
whose highly publicized personal problems, which may stem at least in part
from a history of mental disorder and substance use, have led to numerous
appearances in civil courts.
Spears has appeared twice in court seeking to terminate marriages. He ...
Project 1 Case AnalysisThe Casey Anthony Caylee Anthony Trial.docx
Project 1: Case Analysis
The Casey Anthony / Caylee Anthony Trial. This case involved the death of a two year old child named Caylee Anthony who lived in Orlando, Florida. In 2008, the child was reported missing, and her mother, Casey Anthony, was charged with murder before the ultimate discovery of the child’s body later that year. The State sought the death penalty. The resulting trial in 2011, lasted six weeks, and gathered a tremendous amount of media attention, as it was televised live and included many interesting witnesses in this largely circumstantial case. Casey Anthony was ultimately found not guilty by a jury. (
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Caylee_Anthony
)
Having covered Chapters 1,2,3,4,7,9 and 10, and referenced in Chapter 2, page 78, and using the
following to obtain information about the Casey Anthony trial below, you are to complete the requirements of this Assignment. You are permitted to use additional research.
HYPERLINKS:
Casey Anthony Trial : Day 1, Part 1 : Opening Arguments
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oILRGY4obtA&list=PLf1guQcEbGbtYlT3_xRHj4E8MlaBryYQC&index=1
Casey Anthony Trial : Day 1, Part 2 : Opening Arguments
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmKBkXDq3jg&list=PLf1guQcEbGbtYlT3_xRHj4E8MlaBryYQC&index=2
Casey Anthony Trial : Day 1, Part 3 : Opening Arguments
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9dQut6KDsw&list=PLf1guQcEbGbtYlT3_xRHj4E8MlaBryYQC&index=3
Defense Closing Arguments
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLA3FE06232320897E
State’s Closing Arguments
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uMZ47Fmq-Ts
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wTtnTdZkfdo
Assignment Requirements:
Structure your paper as follows:
I.
Introduction
1.
Give a
brief explanation
of the burden of proof, which is proof beyond a reasonable doubt in a criminal prosecution.
2.
Give a
brief explanation
of
prima facie
.
3.
Give a
brief explanation
of the applicable code the prosecution was brought under.
4.
Give a brief explanation of why the Simpson trial was so pivotal to the prosecution of crimes in the United States.
II.
Opening Statements
1.
Which attorney was most persuasive?
2.
Which attorney gave the jury more significant facts to consider?
III.
Establishing/Challenging a
Prima Facie
Case for Murder
1.
Name one key witness who helped establish a
prima facie
case of homicide for the prosecution or challenged a
prima facie
case for the defense, and explain why he or she helped or hurt the prosecution of the case.
IV.
Evidence
1.
What other evidence (than testimony) was significant in establishing or challenging a
prima facie
case of murder?
V.
Closing Arguments
1.
Describe why one was more persuasive than the other, and how the jury would have been persuaded one way or the other based on the closing statements.
VI.
Outside Factors
1.
Are there any other outside factors, other than those listed in the book that affected this case? (e.g., the media, society)
2.
Why do you think this is such a di.
RSchapter6vocabularyslides
This document contains vocabulary terms and definitions related to law and the criminal justice system. It was edited by Paola on April 8, 2015 and contains contributions from several students defining terms like delusion, defendant, testimony, racial profiling, alibi, rehabilitation, sentence, psychiatric, acquittal, prosecution, search warrant, interrogation, financial compensation, exonerate, try-trial-mistrial, unresolved, convict, and perjury.
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RECENT MAJOR WHITE-COLLAR CRIME SENTENCESAllen Stanford. Sentenc.docx
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Allen Stanford. Sentence: 110 years
Allen Stanford, 63, was a Texan financier accused of running a $7 billion Ponzi scheme. He had investors invest billions of dollars into his bank, and then spent the money on private jets, yachts and acres of undeveloped Antiguan land among other expenditures. In December 2008 Stanford International Bank had $88 million in cash, but it fudged its numbers to say it had $1 billion in assets. In the same month it finally owed investors $7 billion when they tried to pull out their money, and the bank had no money to cover the costs.
In 2012, a jury found Stanford guilty of conspiracy, along with 12 other criminal charges including obstruction. He was found innocent of one wire fraud charge. Stanford was sentenced to 110 years in federal prison.
Bernard Madoff, Businessman. Sentence: 150 years
Madoff, 72, directed one of the largest Ponzi schemes in U.S. history. Madoff, in his role as CEO of Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC, stole from his clients in a $65 billion Ponzi scheme. Despite a continuing decline in the economy, Madoff continued to assure his clients that his numbers (investment returns) would continue rising. As the economy continued to decline, Madoff’s increases became suspicious and clients began to contact him to get their money back. When the requests for returned funds reached $7 billion, Madoff met with his sons and told them that his business was fraudulent. The sons turned Madoff in to the authorities.
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Joseph Naccio, 60, was the chief financial officer and chairman of the board for Qwest Communications International. Qwest is a telecommunications provider in the western United States. When the economy began to decline, Naccio continued to assure Wall Street that the company would continue making large returns even though he knew that such returns would not occur. Based on inside information, Nacchio sold $52 million of Qwest stock just before the prices fell.
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Chapter Six White-Collar Crime and the Business CommunityAmids.docx
Chapter Six White-Collar Crime and the Business Community
Amidst the turmoil and fallout of the Enron scandal that led to the company’s declaration of bankruptcy, a number of former Enron officials faced charges for various offenses. One such official was former CEO Jeffrey Skilling, who was ultimately found guilty of 19 fraud related charges, including conspiracy, insider trading, securities fraud, and making false statements to auditors. As punishment for his misdeeds, the 52-year-old Skilling was sentenced in 2006 to 24 years and 4 months in a federal prison. In addition, he was fined $45 million, which was to be put into a fund to benefit those who had been harmed by Enron’s collapse. While serving his sentence in 2010, he won a minor victory when the U.S. Supreme Court found that instructions to the jury with respect to one of the charges were inaccurate, and threw out the conviction on that charge. The case was then sent back to the trial court judge to determine whether the inaccurate instructions regarding the one charge tainted the convictions on the other charges. In 2013, the case was finally resolved as he was resentenced to 14 years in a federal prison as part of a court ordered reduction and a separate plea agreement with the prosecution. Unfortunately, this story is just one of many recent large and complex white-collar crime scandals. During 2009, Internet crime resulted in losses in the United States of $559.7 million, more than two times as much as in 2008.1 At the end of 2008, the FBI was investigating 545 corporate fraud cases each of which involved investor losses that exceeded $1 billion.2 The Coalition Against Insurance Fraud reports that insurance fraud costs Americans more than $80 billion per year.3
1 Internet Crime Complaint Center, IC3 Annual Internet Crime Report 2009; retrieved May 10, 2010, from National White Collar Crime Center, http://www.nw3c.org/research/site_files .cfm?fileid=d1991bea-8a22-4e54-82f5-678d4d83581a&mode=r.
2 Federal Bureau of Investigation, Financial Crimes Report to the Public Fiscal Year 2008; retrieved May 10, 2010, from http://www.fbi.gov/publications/financial/fcs_report2008/financial_crime_2008.htm#health.
3 Coalition Against Insurance Fraud, “Consumer Information.” Accessed May 10, 2010 at http://www .insurancefraud.org/fraud_backgrounder.htm.
White-collar crimes—crimes committed in a commercial context—occur every day. Collectively, these crimes often result in millions of dollars of damages. In recent years, as corporate crimes such as the ones detailed in Exhibit 6-1
Allen Stanford. Sentence: 110 years
Allen Stanford, 63, was a Texan financier accused of running a $7 billion Ponzi scheme. He had investors invest billions of dollars into his bank, and then spent the money on private jets, yachts, and acres of undeveloped Antiguan land among other expenditures. In December 2008, Stanford International Bank had $88 million in cash, but it fudged its numbers to say it had $1 billion in.
Chapter Six White-Collar Crime and the Business CommunityAmids.docx
Chapter Six White-Collar Crime and the Business Community
Amidst the turmoil and fallout of the Enron scandal that led to the company’s declaration of bankruptcy, a number of former Enron officials faced charges for various offenses. One such official was former CEO Jeffrey Skilling, who was ultimately found guilty of 19 fraud related charges, including conspiracy, insider trading, securities fraud, and making false statements to auditors. As punishment for his misdeeds, the 52-year-old Skilling was sentenced in 2006 to 24 years and 4 months in a federal prison. In addition, he was fined $45 million, which was to be put into a fund to benefit those who had been harmed by Enron’s collapse. While serving his sentence in 2010, he won a minor victory when the U.S. Supreme Court found that instructions to the jury with respect to one of the charges were inaccurate, and threw out the conviction on that charge. The case was then sent back to the trial court judge to determine whether the inaccurate instructions regarding the one charge tainted the convictions on the other charges. In 2013, the case was finally resolved as he was resentenced to 14 years in a federal prison as part of a court ordered reduction and a separate plea agreement with the prosecution. Unfortunately, this story is just one of many recent large and complex white-collar crime scandals. During 2009, Internet crime resulted in losses in the United States of $559.7 million, more than two times as much as in 2008.1 At the end of 2008, the FBI was investigating 545 corporate fraud cases each of which involved investor losses that exceeded $1 billion.2 The Coalition Against Insurance Fraud reports that insurance fraud costs Americans more than $80 billion per year.3
1 Internet Crime Complaint Center, IC3 Annual Internet Crime Report 2009; retrieved May 10, 2010, from National White Collar Crime Center, http://www.nw3c.org/research/site_files .cfm?fileid=d1991bea-8a22-4e54-82f5-678d4d83581a&mode=r.
2 Federal Bureau of Investigation, Financial Crimes Report to the Public Fiscal Year 2008; retrieved May 10, 2010, from http://www.fbi.gov/publications/financial/fcs_report2008/financial_crime_2008.htm#health.
3 Coalition Against Insurance Fraud, “Consumer Information.” Accessed May 10, 2010 at http://www .insurancefraud.org/fraud_backgrounder.htm.
White-collar crimes—crimes committed in a commercial context—occur every day. Collectively, these crimes often result in millions of dollars of damages. In recent years, as corporate crimes such as the ones detailed in Exhibit 6-1
Allen Stanford. Sentence: 110 years
Allen Stanford, 63, was a Texan financier accused of running a $7 billion Ponzi scheme. He had investors invest billions of dollars into his bank, and then spent the money on private jets, yachts, and acres of undeveloped Antiguan land among other expenditures. In December 2008, Stanford International Bank had $88 million in cash, but it fudged its numbers to say it had $1 billion in ...
6 White-Collar Crime and the Business Community CRIME AND C.docx
6 White-Collar Crime and the Business Community
CRIME AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
DISTINGUISHING FEATURES OF WHITE-COLLAR CRIME
COMMON WHITE-COLLAR CRIMES
PREVENTION OF WHITE-COLLAR CRIME
FEDERAL LAWS USED IN THE FIGHT AGAINST WHITE-COLLAR CRIME
STATE LAWS USED IN THE FIGHT AGAINST WHITE-COLLAR CRIME
GLOBAL DIMENSIONS OF WHITE-COLLAR CRIME
A midst the turmoil and fallout of the Enron scandal that led to the company’s declaration of bankruptcy, a number of former Enron officials faced charges for various offenses. One such official was former CEO Jeffrey Skilling, who was ultimately found guilty of 19 fraud related charges, including conspiracy, insider trading, securities fraud, and making false statements to auditors. As punishment for his misdeeds, the 52-year-old Skilling was sentenced in 2006 to 24 years and 4 months in a federal prison. In addition, he was fined $45 million, which was to be put into a fund to benefit those who had been harmed by Enron’s collapse. While servining his sentence in 2010, he won a minor victory when the U.S. Supreme Court found that instructions to the jury with respect to one of the charges were inaccurate, and threw out the conviction on that charge. The case was then sent back to the trial court judge to determine whether the inaccurate instructions regarding the one charge tainted the convictions on the other charges. In 2013, the case was finally resolved as he was resentenced to 14 years in a federal prison as part of a court ordered reduction and a separate plea agreement with the prosecution. Unfortunately, this story is just one of many recent large and complex white-collar crime scandals. During 2009, Internet crime resulted in losses in the United States of $559.7 million, more than two times as much as in 2008.1 At the end of 2008, the FBI was investigating 545 corporate fraud cases each of which involved investor losses that exceeded $1 billion.2
1’Internet Crime Complaint Center, IC3 Annual Internet Crime Report 2009; retrieved May 10, 2010, from National White Collar Crime Center, http://www.nw3c.org/research/site_files.cfm?fileid=dl991bea-8a22-4e54-82f5-678d4d83581a&mode=r.
2Federal Bureau of Investigation, Financial Crimes Report to the Public Fiscal Year 2008; retrieved May 10, 2010, from http://www.fbi.gov/publications/financial/fcs_report2008/financial_crime2008.htm#health
135 136
The Coalition Against Insurance Fraud reports that insurance fraud costs Americans more than $80 billion per year.3
White-collar crimes—crimes committed in a commercial context—occur every day. Collectively, these crimes often result in millions of dollars of damages. In recent years, as corporate crimes such as the ones detailed in Exhibit 6-1 become more publicized, people’s attitudes toward corporations and white-collar crime are being affected.
3Coalition Against Insurance Fraud, “Consumer Information,” http://www.insurancefraud.org/fraud_backgrounder.htm, May 10, 2010
EXHIBIT 6-.
Timeline Amsouth Case
AmSouth bank provided blank account documents to Hamric and Nance in 2000, allowing them to open fraudulent custodial trust accounts and issue promissory notes promising high monthly interest payments to investors starting in 2001. An investigation began in 2002 when payments stopped being made, and both Hamric and Nance pled guilty and were sentenced to prison in 2003-2004 for money laundering while AmSouth failed to comply with subpoenas. AmSouth ultimately entered into a deferred prosecution agreement in 2004 where they forfeited $40 million.
59Chapter 3 CIVIL FORENSIC ASSESSMENT .docx
59
Chapter 3
CIVIL FORENSIC ASSESSMENT
When most people think of law, they think about criminal law — statutes
that specify proscribed acts that violate explicit and cherished social norms,
procedures for determining when such acts have been committed, and pun-
ishments for the acts committed. Yet the vast majority of law is civil law,
which is focused on regulating the day - to - day conduct of human affairs
and, in particular, attempting to prevent and resolve confl icts between par-
ties. Civil law governs our lives from before we are born until we die; it
even controls our actions after we die.
Civil forensic assessments are psychological evaluations intended
to assist decision making with respect to matters of civil law. The scope
of forensic psychological practice with respect to civil law is as broad as
the domain of civil law itself. There are too many specifi c types of civil
forensic assessment to enumerate, let alone discuss. Instead, we begin by
discussing some of the most common areas of practice in broad or gen-
eral terms. We then provide a more detailed discussion of forensic assess-
ment with respect to three issues in civil law: civil commitment, parenting
capacity, and child maltreatment.
In this chapter, you will become familiar with:
The difference between civil law and criminal law
An overview of important topics within civil forensic assessment
Civil commitment and civil commitment evaluations
Parenting capacity and parenting capacity evaluations
Child maltreatment and child maltreatment risk assessments
•
•
•
•
•
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
c03.indd 59c03.indd 59 11/3/09 5:39:24 PM11/3/09 5:39:24 PM
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 4/17/2020 8:22 PM via STRAYER UNIVERSITY
AN: 309009 ; Roesch, Ronald, Hart, Stephen D., Zapf, Patricia A..; Forensic Psychology and Law
Account: strayer.main.eds-live
60 Civil Forensic Assessment
Britney Jean Spears was born to be an entertainer. Even as a child, she was
a star: At age 10, she began appearing on television programs such as Star
Search and The New Mickey Mouse Club . At age 17, she completed her debut
album, . . . Baby One More Time , and quickly became one of the world ’ s most
famous and best - selling singer - entertainers. But she is also a tragic figure
whose highly publicized personal problems, which may stem at least in part
from a history of mental disorder and substance use, have led to numerous
appearances in civil courts.
Spears has appeared twice in court seeking to terminate marriages. He ...
59Chapter 3 CIVIL FORENSIC ASSESSMENT
59
Chapter 3
CIVIL FORENSIC ASSESSMENT
When most people think of law, they think about criminal law — statutes
that specify proscribed acts that violate explicit and cherished social norms,
procedures for determining when such acts have been committed, and pun-
ishments for the acts committed. Yet the vast majority of law is civil law,
which is focused on regulating the day - to - day conduct of human affairs
and, in particular, attempting to prevent and resolve confl icts between par-
ties. Civil law governs our lives from before we are born until we die; it
even controls our actions after we die.
Civil forensic assessments are psychological evaluations intended
to assist decision making with respect to matters of civil law. The scope
of forensic psychological practice with respect to civil law is as broad as
the domain of civil law itself. There are too many specifi c types of civil
forensic assessment to enumerate, let alone discuss. Instead, we begin by
discussing some of the most common areas of practice in broad or gen-
eral terms. We then provide a more detailed discussion of forensic assess-
ment with respect to three issues in civil law: civil commitment, parenting
capacity, and child maltreatment.
In this chapter, you will become familiar with:
The difference between civil law and criminal law
An overview of important topics within civil forensic assessment
Civil commitment and civil commitment evaluations
Parenting capacity and parenting capacity evaluations
Child maltreatment and child maltreatment risk assessments
•
•
•
•
•
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
c03.indd 59c03.indd 59 11/3/09 5:39:24 PM11/3/09 5:39:24 PM
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 4/17/2020 8:22 PM via STRAYER UNIVERSITY
AN: 309009 ; Roesch, Ronald, Hart, Stephen D., Zapf, Patricia A..; Forensic Psychology and Law
Account: strayer.main.eds-live
60 Civil Forensic Assessment
Britney Jean Spears was born to be an entertainer. Even as a child, she was
a star: At age 10, she began appearing on television programs such as Star
Search and The New Mickey Mouse Club . At age 17, she completed her debut
album, . . . Baby One More Time , and quickly became one of the world ’ s most
famous and best - selling singer - entertainers. But she is also a tragic figure
whose highly publicized personal problems, which may stem at least in part
from a history of mental disorder and substance use, have led to numerous
appearances in civil courts.
Spears has appeared twice in court seeking to terminate marriages. He ...
Project 1 Case AnalysisThe Casey Anthony Caylee Anthony Trial.docx
Project 1: Case Analysis
The Casey Anthony / Caylee Anthony Trial. This case involved the death of a two year old child named Caylee Anthony who lived in Orlando, Florida. In 2008, the child was reported missing, and her mother, Casey Anthony, was charged with murder before the ultimate discovery of the child’s body later that year. The State sought the death penalty. The resulting trial in 2011, lasted six weeks, and gathered a tremendous amount of media attention, as it was televised live and included many interesting witnesses in this largely circumstantial case. Casey Anthony was ultimately found not guilty by a jury. (
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Caylee_Anthony
)
Having covered Chapters 1,2,3,4,7,9 and 10, and referenced in Chapter 2, page 78, and using the
following to obtain information about the Casey Anthony trial below, you are to complete the requirements of this Assignment. You are permitted to use additional research.
HYPERLINKS:
Casey Anthony Trial : Day 1, Part 1 : Opening Arguments
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oILRGY4obtA&list=PLf1guQcEbGbtYlT3_xRHj4E8MlaBryYQC&index=1
Casey Anthony Trial : Day 1, Part 2 : Opening Arguments
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmKBkXDq3jg&list=PLf1guQcEbGbtYlT3_xRHj4E8MlaBryYQC&index=2
Casey Anthony Trial : Day 1, Part 3 : Opening Arguments
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9dQut6KDsw&list=PLf1guQcEbGbtYlT3_xRHj4E8MlaBryYQC&index=3
Defense Closing Arguments
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLA3FE06232320897E
State’s Closing Arguments
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uMZ47Fmq-Ts
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wTtnTdZkfdo
Assignment Requirements:
Structure your paper as follows:
I.
Introduction
1.
Give a
brief explanation
of the burden of proof, which is proof beyond a reasonable doubt in a criminal prosecution.
2.
Give a
brief explanation
of
prima facie
.
3.
Give a
brief explanation
of the applicable code the prosecution was brought under.
4.
Give a brief explanation of why the Simpson trial was so pivotal to the prosecution of crimes in the United States.
II.
Opening Statements
1.
Which attorney was most persuasive?
2.
Which attorney gave the jury more significant facts to consider?
III.
Establishing/Challenging a
Prima Facie
Case for Murder
1.
Name one key witness who helped establish a
prima facie
case of homicide for the prosecution or challenged a
prima facie
case for the defense, and explain why he or she helped or hurt the prosecution of the case.
IV.
Evidence
1.
What other evidence (than testimony) was significant in establishing or challenging a
prima facie
case of murder?
V.
Closing Arguments
1.
Describe why one was more persuasive than the other, and how the jury would have been persuaded one way or the other based on the closing statements.
VI.
Outside Factors
1.
Are there any other outside factors, other than those listed in the book that affected this case? (e.g., the media, society)
2.
Why do you think this is such a di.
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This document contains vocabulary terms and definitions related to law and the criminal justice system. It was edited by Paola on April 8, 2015 and contains contributions from several students defining terms like delusion, defendant, testimony, racial profiling, alibi, rehabilitation, sentence, psychiatric, acquittal, prosecution, search warrant, interrogation, financial compensation, exonerate, try-trial-mistrial, unresolved, convict, and perjury.
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- 1. (CNN)Here's a look at what you need to know about Enron. Before its collapse, Enron marketed electricity and natural gas, delivered energy and other physical commodities, and provided financial and risk management services to customers around the world. Facts: Most of the top executives were tried for fraud after it was revealed in November 2001 that Enron's earnings had been overstated by several hundred million dollars. Enron was once ranked the sixth largest energy company in the world. Enron shares were worth $90.75 at their peak in August 2000 and dropped to $0.67 in January 2002. Top Enron executives sold their company stock prior to the company's downfall. Lower-level employees were prevented from selling their stock due to 401k restrictions and many subsequently lost their life savings. Enron paid the top 140 executives $680 million in 2001. Kenneth Lay received $67.4 million and Jeffrey Skilling received $41.8 million. Timeline: July 1985 - Enron is formed by the merger of Houston Natural Gas and Omaha-based InterNorth. 2000 - Enron reaches No. 7 on the Fortune 500 list. August 14, 2001 - Jeffrey Skilling resigns as CEO, and Kenneth Lay becomes CEO again (He had been CEO from 1985-2000). August 15, 2001 - Sherron Watkins sends a memo to Kenneth Lay about accounting issues. October 16, 2001 - Enron announces a third quarter loss of $618 million. October 31, 2001 - The SEC opens a formal investigation into Enron's transactions. November 9, 2001 - Enron and Dynegy announce the $7.8 billion merger agreement. It would form Dynegy Corp, in which Dynegy would own 64% and Enron 36%. November 28, 2001 - Dynegy announces it has terminated merger talks with Enron. December 2, 2001 - Enron files for Chapter 11 protection, becoming the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history at that time and leaves thousands of workers with worthless stock in their pensions. January 9, 2002 - U.S. Department of Justice opens a criminal investigation into Enron's collapse.
- 2. January 11, 2002 - The SEC widens its investigation to include Enron's chief auditor, Arthur Andersen, due to reports of document shredding. January 15, 2002 - The NYSE suspends trading of Enron shares. January 17, 2002 - Enron ends its partnership with Arthur Andersen. January 23, 2002 - Kenneth Lay resigns as chairman of the board and CEO. January 25, 2002 - Former Enron vice chairman J. Clifford Baxter commits suicide in Sugarland, Texas. January 30, 2002 - Enron appoints Stephen Cooper as its interim CEO. February 4, 2002 - Kenneth Lay resigns from Enron's board of directors. February 7, 2002 - Andrew Fastow, Michael Kopper, Richard Buy and Richard Causey all invoke their Fifth Amendment rights before the House Energy and Commerce Committee. February 12, 2002 - Kenneth Lay invokes his Fifth Amendment right before the Senate Commerce Committee. February 14, 2002 - Whistleblower Sherron Watkins testifies before the House of Representatives. February 26, 2002 - Jeffrey Skilling, Sherron Watkins and Jeffrey McMahon testify before the U.S. Senate Commerce Committee. March 14, 2002 - U.S. Justice Department indicts accounting firm Arthur Andersen for obstruction of justice in the Enron case. April 2002 - Enron rises to No. 5 on the Fortune 500 list despite its bankruptcy filing. Fortune bases its rankings only on the first nine months of revenue in 2001, which total $138.7 billion. June 15, 2002 - Arthur Andersen found guilty of obstructing justice. August 21, 2002 - Former Enron executive Michael Kopper pleads guilty to conspiracy to commit wire fraud and money laundering conspiracy. October 2, 2002 - Andrew Fastow is charged with securities fraud, wire fraud, mail fraud, money laundering and conspiracy. May 1, 2003 - Andrew Fastow, his wife, and seven others are charged in a superseding indictment for actions relating to the firm's financial scandals. January 8, 2004 - Judge David Hittner says he will accept Lea Fastow's plea deal in exchange for a guilty plea that could reduce her prison time.
- 3. January 14, 2004 - Andrew and Lea Fastow each plead guilty, as part of a plea agreement. January 22, 2004 - Richard Causey pleads not guilty to five counts of securities fraud and one count of conspiracy to commit securities fraud. February 19, 2004 - Former Enron CEO Jeffrey Skilling is indicted on fraud and conspiracy charges and pleads not guilty. May 6, 2004 - Lea Fastow pleads guilty to a single count of filing a false tax return and receives a 12-month sentence. May 19, 2004 - The former Enron vice president responsible for investor relations, Paula Rieker, pleads guilty to insider trading. July 7, 2004 - Lay is indicted on 11 counts - one count of conspiracy to commit security and wire fraud, two counts of wire fraud for misleading statements at employee meetings, four counts of securities fraud for false statements in presentations to securities analysts, one count of bank fraud and three counts of making false statements to banks. July 8, 2004 - Lay pleads not guilty to all 11 charges and is released on $500,000 unsecured bond. November 3, 2004 - The first criminal trial ends with the acquittal of former accountant Sheila Kahanek. November 17, 2004 - Enron comes out of bankruptcy after selling its interest in three natural gas pipelines to CCE Holdings for $2 billion. May 31, 2005 - The U.S. Supreme Court overturns Arthur Andersen's obstruction of justice conviction. December 28, 2005 - Richard Causey pleads guilty to securities fraud for his role in the Enron scandal. He will serve only seven years in exchange for cooperating with prosecutors seeking convictions of his former bosses, Lay and Skilling. March 28, 2006 - The judge dismisses three counts against Skilling (two charges of securities fraud and one charge of lying to auditors) and one count of securities fraud against Lay. May 25, 2006 - The jury in the Enron case finds former CEO Jeffrey Skilling and founder Kenneth Lay guilty of conspiracy and fraud. Lay is convicted of all six counts against him and Skilling is found guilty on 19 counts of conspiracy, fraud, false statements and insider trading. Skilling is found not guilty on nine counts of insider trading. Judge Simeon T. Lake announces four guilty verdicts in the separate bench trial of Lay on separate counts of conspiracy and fraud.
- 4. July 5, 2006 - Ken Lay dies in Aspen, Colorado from a heart attack brought on by severe coronary artery disease. September 26, 2006 - Andrew Fastow is sentenced to six years in prison, four years less than his plea agreement stipulated in January 2004. October 17, 2006 - Judge Lake erases Lay's fraud and conspiracy convictions. This is a long-standing legal practice of the U.S. federal courts if the defendant dies before he/she has a chance for an appeal to be heard. October 23, 2006 - Jeffrey Skilling is sentenced to 24 years and four months in prison. November 7, 2006 - Fastow reports to the Oakdale, Louisiana federal detention center to begin serving his six-year sentence. November 15, 2006 - Former COO Richard Causey is sentenced to five years and six months in prison for one count of securities fraud. November 16, 2006 - Jeffrey Skilling appeals his convictions to the 5th Circuit Court of Appeals. December 13, 2006 - Skilling reports to prison in Waseca, Minnesota, after a judge refuses to allow him to remain free pending appeal. January 3, 2007 - Richard Causey reports to the Bastrop Federal Correctional Institution to begin serving his five and a half year sentence. January 6, 2009 - The U.S. Court of Appeals affirms Skilling's conviction but sends his case back for resentencing. June 24, 2010 - The U.S. Supreme Court rules that Skilling was incorrectly prosecuted under a law concerning "honest-services fraud." The court then nullifies Skilling's conviction on that charge. April 6, 2011 - The Fifth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals confirms Skilling's criminal conviction. May 16, 2011 - Andrew Fastow is transferred from a federal prison in Louisiana to a halfway house in Houston. He is later allowed to move to his home to complete his sentence. May 17, 2011 - Richard Causey begins serving the rest of his five and a half year sentence in home confinement. December 17, 2011 - Fastow's home confinement ends and he begins two years of probation.
- 5. April 16, 2012 - The U.S. Supreme Court turns aside Jeffrey Skilling's second appeal. A few weeks later, Skilling's attorney files a motion requesting a new trial in Houston federal court citing newly discovered evidence. June 21, 2013 - A federal judge reduces Skilling's sentence by more than 10 years. As part of the resentencing deal brokered between prosecutors and the defense, Skilling agrees to stop challenging his conviction and forfeit roughly $42 million that will be distributed among the victims of the Enron fraud.