- The document discusses fluid flow concepts including velocity, pressure, density, viscosity, and Reynolds number. - It provides equations for the Navier-Stokes and continuity equations, and defines terms like kinematic viscosity. - Tables of values are given for variables like velocity, pressure, and Reynolds number calculated for different flow scenarios.

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18. 5
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8
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22. @@
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>
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23. @9
: + ( X@
λ
δ
−=
=−=
−
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> + " + ( 1
ν
=
*+ 1 ( ,
ν *+ + ( 1
>==
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ϕε= 0'4 7 QFR
C $ ( =⇒= ϕεϕ G 5 QFR'J
==
H (
=== −
−
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3
. + $
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−
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−
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δ
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24. @F
=
++
=
++
= −
αλ
δ
α
. + $ + $ 1 # O
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>
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>
: + G 1 J
X ^ <
α
X ^ @= < ^ @'74=
>
1 ! g) + ( <=η
X ^ 4=
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> V ^ ;699'=; a8 @
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^ = 8
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+
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;49 ^ 9 G < J M

25. @4
^ 4
? + S + #*
# ^ @ < 0' 97 F5 QFR
# ^ @c 4 < ^ @7
1 ( > K
C ^ G@7 < J M F$ 0' F= F7 QFR
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* # ,
# ^ ,F$ G ,@$ ≤≤ J F7 QFR
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^ ='=94
C ^ ='=94G@7< JMFc='=@4 ^ '=5
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&
== ρρ _'9 4 QFR
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=
+
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= , 9
8
2 * 1 , 338
== 9
8
> ) ( 0 _ # ( F' 55 Q =R
*

26. @;
=
∆
ρ
, ( =ξ 55 Q =R
1 #
==
∆
=
ξρ
' 8
1 # ( )
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= 55 Q =R
≈=
π
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+
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π
57 Q =R
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> 1 ( )
1
>
(
>
(
1 >
(
>
Ch, # ^ =' 6Ch ^ =';5Ch C=^ =';;Ch H ^='5Ch H@ ^='5;Ch
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$ ( # & , # & ( ! ( A ^ ;
# ( 4'7 76 Q R, # & ( 4== ÷ 6== '
> ( + Γ 1 # ( G# ( 4' = 76
Q RJ' 31 *
> *W ^ F==
b ^ 74

27. @6
> * ^ @ =
i ^ ;=
C 1 * ^ ;'9
3 ( % # !
^ ÷ 4'@ @= Q R
^ @'5c@ = ^ 455 '
C ( % 1 % , # & ,
# ( 4' 77 Q R
> *F==
> # & *4==
> *44=
1 $ D +
C (÷= , 4'@@ 77 Q R
C ^ 94c; ^ 5 =
: & (
Y ^ 9,; ϕρ 4'@4 @ = Q R
* $ 1 , 9
* # # & ,
ρ 3 ( , 8 9
=ρ '4567 8 9
* (
> ^ '4 8 # ( 4' @ @=@ Q R
ϕ * + ( " 1
0 + ϕ ^ ='; @=@ Q R
Y ^ 9'; = 8
> + (

28. @5
:+ ^
η
4'@; @=@ Q R
H* ( ( ,
> H ^ 4
η * (
> η ^ =,6 $ # ( 4' 9 @=9 Q R
:+ ^ =
$(/K/ L
3 ( + &
)" ρ
π
ρ
π
βρ
π
−++−=
)"ρ * ( ! # , 8 9
ρ
* , 8 9
ρ
* ( # ( , 8 9
*+ 1 ( ! ,
* + 1 ( ! ,
++−+= − ππ
=+−+++ −−− π
:
( + &
=== :
2 $ & + %
= 4'9= @ ; Q @R

29. @7
==
1 ( +
C ^ ÷ C @F7 Q @R
C * + 1 ( + ,
C * + 1 ( ,
C ^ M@=' =<9
M@==' =<9
^ '@@
C ^ ,@c ,@@ ^ ,F;F
> # +
W ^ ==
B # $ +
> ^ W @4= Q @R
^ W ^ =
W & + %
W> ^ W M #÷
W> ^ = M 4 ^ 4
1 # ( & G & # T !
J
!÷
≥ 4'9; @4=
#=≥
1 ( +
C ^ C M@
C ^ F;,F M@c = ^ ;;,F
3 " + 1 # ( &
≤≤ 4'96 @4= Q @R
≤≤
≤≤

30. 9=
> $ ^ F4 ^F4=
M J
0 ( # #1 1
@?@ ^ 9?9
9* :? 8
@* :? # #1 1 8
?9*$ 1 @
?@*$ 1 # #1 1 @
> # #1 1 # ^ @ , # $ # ^ '4
' ==
π
> T " + $ 1 + " +
K + $ 1 ( + # T
+ $ 1 K '
B ? , $ 1 K # #1 1 @
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