An Optical Transport Network (OTN) uses optical fiber links to connect network elements and provide transport, multiplexing, routing, management and protection of client signals. OTN applies these functions from SDH/SONET to DWDM networks, and offers stronger error correction, more monitoring levels and transparent transport of client signals compared to SDH/SONET. This document describes OTN architecture, interfaces and standards, the optical transport hierarchy of multiplexing ODUk, OPUk and OTUk signals, and the containment and frame rates of these signals.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
An Optical Transport Network (OTN) uses optical fiber links to connect network elements and provide transport, multiplexing, routing, management and protection of client signals. OTN applies these functions from SDH/SONET to DWDM networks, and offers stronger error correction, more monitoring levels and transparent transport of client signals compared to SDH/SONET. This document describes OTN architecture, interfaces and standards, the optical transport hierarchy of multiplexing ODUk, OPUk and OTUk signals, and the containment and frame rates of these signals.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
The APCO Geopolitical Radar - Q3 2024 The Global Operating Environment for Bu...APCO
The Radar reflects input from APCO’s teams located around the world. It distils a host of interconnected events and trends into insights to inform operational and strategic decisions. Issues covered in this edition include:
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Cover Story - China's Investment Leader - Dr. Alyce SUmsthrill
In World Expo 2010 Shanghai – the most visited Expo in the World History
https://www.britannica.com/event/Expo-Shanghai-2010
China’s official organizer of the Expo, CCPIT (China Council for the Promotion of International Trade https://en.ccpit.org/) has chosen Dr. Alyce Su as the Cover Person with Cover Story, in the Expo’s official magazine distributed throughout the Expo, showcasing China’s New Generation of Leaders to the World.
Call8328958814 satta matka Kalyan result satta guessing➑➌➋➑➒➎➑➑➊➍
Satta Matka Kalyan Main Mumbai Fastest Results
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Discover innovative uses of Revit in urban planning and design, enhancing city landscapes with advanced architectural solutions. Understand how architectural firms are using Revit to transform how processes and outcomes within urban planning and design fields look. They are supplementing work and putting in value through speed and imagination that the architects and planners are placing into composing progressive urban areas that are not only colorful but also pragmatic.
Profiles of Iconic Fashion Personalities.pdfTTop Threads
The fashion industry is dynamic and ever-changing, continuously sculpted by trailblazing visionaries who challenge norms and redefine beauty. This document delves into the profiles of some of the most iconic fashion personalities whose impact has left a lasting impression on the industry. From timeless designers to modern-day influencers, each individual has uniquely woven their thread into the rich fabric of fashion history, contributing to its ongoing evolution.
Ellen Burstyn: From Detroit Dreamer to Hollywood Legend | CIO Women MagazineCIOWomenMagazine
In this article, we will dive into the extraordinary life of Ellen Burstyn, where the curtains rise on a story that's far more attractive than any script.
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This PowerPoint compilation offers a comprehensive overview of 20 leading innovation management frameworks and methodologies, selected for their broad applicability across various industries and organizational contexts. These frameworks are valuable resources for a wide range of users, including business professionals, educators, and consultants.
Each framework is presented with visually engaging diagrams and templates, ensuring the content is both informative and appealing. While this compilation is thorough, please note that the slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be sufficient for standalone instructional purposes.
This compilation is ideal for anyone looking to enhance their understanding of innovation management and drive meaningful change within their organization. Whether you aim to improve product development processes, enhance customer experiences, or drive digital transformation, these frameworks offer valuable insights and tools to help you achieve your goals.
INCLUDED FRAMEWORKS/MODELS:
1. Stanford’s Design Thinking
2. IDEO’s Human-Centered Design
3. Strategyzer’s Business Model Innovation
4. Lean Startup Methodology
5. Agile Innovation Framework
6. Doblin’s Ten Types of Innovation
7. McKinsey’s Three Horizons of Growth
8. Customer Journey Map
9. Christensen’s Disruptive Innovation Theory
10. Blue Ocean Strategy
11. Strategyn’s Jobs-To-Be-Done (JTBD) Framework with Job Map
12. Design Sprint Framework
13. The Double Diamond
14. Lean Six Sigma DMAIC
15. TRIZ Problem-Solving Framework
16. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats
17. Stage-Gate Model
18. Toyota’s Six Steps of Kaizen
19. Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
20. Design for Six Sigma (DFSS)
To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
The Steadfast and Reliable Bull: Taurus Zodiac Signmy Pandit
Explore the steadfast and reliable nature of the Taurus Zodiac Sign. Discover the personality traits, key dates, and horoscope insights that define the determined and practical Taurus, and learn how their grounded nature makes them the anchor of the zodiac.
Dive into this presentation and learn about the ways in which you can buy an engagement ring. This guide will help you choose the perfect engagement rings for women.
Anny Serafina Love - Letter of Recommendation by Kellen Harkins, MS.AnnySerafinaLove
This letter, written by Kellen Harkins, Course Director at Full Sail University, commends Anny Love's exemplary performance in the Video Sharing Platforms class. It highlights her dedication, willingness to challenge herself, and exceptional skills in production, editing, and marketing across various video platforms like YouTube, TikTok, and Instagram.
Part 2 Deep Dive: Navigating the 2024 Slowdownjeffkluth1
Introduction
The global retail industry has weathered numerous storms, with the financial crisis of 2008 serving as a poignant reminder of the sector's resilience and adaptability. However, as we navigate the complex landscape of 2024, retailers face a unique set of challenges that demand innovative strategies and a fundamental shift in mindset. This white paper contrasts the impact of the 2008 recession on the retail sector with the current headwinds retailers are grappling with, while offering a comprehensive roadmap for success in this new paradigm.
Best practices for project execution and deliveryCLIVE MINCHIN
A select set of project management best practices to keep your project on-track, on-cost and aligned to scope. Many firms have don't have the necessary skills, diligence, methods and oversight of their projects; this leads to slippage, higher costs and longer timeframes. Often firms have a history of projects that simply failed to move the needle. These best practices will help your firm avoid these pitfalls but they require fortitude to apply.
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This presentation is a curated compilation of PowerPoint diagrams and templates designed to illustrate 20 different digital transformation frameworks and models. These frameworks are based on recent industry trends and best practices, ensuring that the content remains relevant and up-to-date.
Key highlights include Microsoft's Digital Transformation Framework, which focuses on driving innovation and efficiency, and McKinsey's Ten Guiding Principles, which provide strategic insights for successful digital transformation. Additionally, Forrester's framework emphasizes enhancing customer experiences and modernizing IT infrastructure, while IDC's MaturityScape helps assess and develop organizational digital maturity. MIT's framework explores cutting-edge strategies for achieving digital success.
These materials are perfect for enhancing your business or classroom presentations, offering visual aids to supplement your insights. Please note that while comprehensive, these slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be complete for standalone instructional purposes.
Frameworks/Models included:
Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
McKinsey’s Ten Guiding Principles of Digital Transformation
Forrester’s Digital Transformation Framework
IDC’s Digital Transformation MaturityScape
MIT’s Digital Transformation Framework
Gartner’s Digital Transformation Framework
Accenture’s Digital Strategy & Enterprise Frameworks
Deloitte’s Digital Industrial Transformation Framework
Capgemini’s Digital Transformation Framework
PwC’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cisco’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cognizant’s Digital Transformation Framework
DXC Technology’s Digital Transformation Framework
The BCG Strategy Palette
McKinsey’s Digital Transformation Framework
Digital Transformation Compass
Four Levels of Digital Maturity
Design Thinking Framework
Business Model Canvas
Customer Journey Map
Zodiac Signs and Food Preferences_ What Your Sign Says About Your Tastemy Pandit
Know what your zodiac sign says about your taste in food! Explore how the 12 zodiac signs influence your culinary preferences with insights from MyPandit. Dive into astrology and flavors!
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
The APCO Geopolitical Radar - Q3 2024 The Global Operating Environment for Bu...APCO
The Radar reflects input from APCO’s teams located around the world. It distils a host of interconnected events and trends into insights to inform operational and strategic decisions. Issues covered in this edition include:
❼❷⓿❺❻❷❽❷❼❽ Dpboss Matka Result Satta Matka Guessing Satta Fix jodi Kalyan Final ank Satta Matka Dpbos Final ank Satta Matta Matka 143 Kalyan Matka Guessing Final Matka Final ank Today Matka 420 Satta Batta Satta 143 Kalyan Chart Main Bazar Chart vip Matka Guessing Dpboss 143 Guessing Kalyan night
Cover Story - China's Investment Leader - Dr. Alyce SUmsthrill
In World Expo 2010 Shanghai – the most visited Expo in the World History
https://www.britannica.com/event/Expo-Shanghai-2010
China’s official organizer of the Expo, CCPIT (China Council for the Promotion of International Trade https://en.ccpit.org/) has chosen Dr. Alyce Su as the Cover Person with Cover Story, in the Expo’s official magazine distributed throughout the Expo, showcasing China’s New Generation of Leaders to the World.
Call8328958814 satta matka Kalyan result satta guessing➑➌➋➑➒➎➑➑➊➍
Satta Matka Kalyan Main Mumbai Fastest Results
Satta Matka ❋ Sattamatka ❋ New Mumbai Ratan Satta Matka ❋ Fast Matka ❋ Milan Market ❋ Kalyan Matka Results ❋ Satta Game ❋ Matka Game ❋ Satta Matka ❋ Kalyan Satta Matka ❋ Mumbai Main ❋ Online Matka Results ❋ Satta Matka Tips ❋ Milan Chart ❋ Satta Matka Boss❋ New Star Day ❋ Satta King ❋ Live Satta Matka Results ❋ Satta Matka Company ❋ Indian Matka ❋ Satta Matka 143❋ Kalyan Night Matka..
Discover innovative uses of Revit in urban planning and design, enhancing city landscapes with advanced architectural solutions. Understand how architectural firms are using Revit to transform how processes and outcomes within urban planning and design fields look. They are supplementing work and putting in value through speed and imagination that the architects and planners are placing into composing progressive urban areas that are not only colorful but also pragmatic.
Profiles of Iconic Fashion Personalities.pdfTTop Threads
The fashion industry is dynamic and ever-changing, continuously sculpted by trailblazing visionaries who challenge norms and redefine beauty. This document delves into the profiles of some of the most iconic fashion personalities whose impact has left a lasting impression on the industry. From timeless designers to modern-day influencers, each individual has uniquely woven their thread into the rich fabric of fashion history, contributing to its ongoing evolution.
Ellen Burstyn: From Detroit Dreamer to Hollywood Legend | CIO Women MagazineCIOWomenMagazine
In this article, we will dive into the extraordinary life of Ellen Burstyn, where the curtains rise on a story that's far more attractive than any script.
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This PowerPoint compilation offers a comprehensive overview of 20 leading innovation management frameworks and methodologies, selected for their broad applicability across various industries and organizational contexts. These frameworks are valuable resources for a wide range of users, including business professionals, educators, and consultants.
Each framework is presented with visually engaging diagrams and templates, ensuring the content is both informative and appealing. While this compilation is thorough, please note that the slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be sufficient for standalone instructional purposes.
This compilation is ideal for anyone looking to enhance their understanding of innovation management and drive meaningful change within their organization. Whether you aim to improve product development processes, enhance customer experiences, or drive digital transformation, these frameworks offer valuable insights and tools to help you achieve your goals.
INCLUDED FRAMEWORKS/MODELS:
1. Stanford’s Design Thinking
2. IDEO’s Human-Centered Design
3. Strategyzer’s Business Model Innovation
4. Lean Startup Methodology
5. Agile Innovation Framework
6. Doblin’s Ten Types of Innovation
7. McKinsey’s Three Horizons of Growth
8. Customer Journey Map
9. Christensen’s Disruptive Innovation Theory
10. Blue Ocean Strategy
11. Strategyn’s Jobs-To-Be-Done (JTBD) Framework with Job Map
12. Design Sprint Framework
13. The Double Diamond
14. Lean Six Sigma DMAIC
15. TRIZ Problem-Solving Framework
16. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats
17. Stage-Gate Model
18. Toyota’s Six Steps of Kaizen
19. Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
20. Design for Six Sigma (DFSS)
To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
The Steadfast and Reliable Bull: Taurus Zodiac Signmy Pandit
Explore the steadfast and reliable nature of the Taurus Zodiac Sign. Discover the personality traits, key dates, and horoscope insights that define the determined and practical Taurus, and learn how their grounded nature makes them the anchor of the zodiac.
Dive into this presentation and learn about the ways in which you can buy an engagement ring. This guide will help you choose the perfect engagement rings for women.
Anny Serafina Love - Letter of Recommendation by Kellen Harkins, MS.AnnySerafinaLove
This letter, written by Kellen Harkins, Course Director at Full Sail University, commends Anny Love's exemplary performance in the Video Sharing Platforms class. It highlights her dedication, willingness to challenge herself, and exceptional skills in production, editing, and marketing across various video platforms like YouTube, TikTok, and Instagram.
Part 2 Deep Dive: Navigating the 2024 Slowdownjeffkluth1
Introduction
The global retail industry has weathered numerous storms, with the financial crisis of 2008 serving as a poignant reminder of the sector's resilience and adaptability. However, as we navigate the complex landscape of 2024, retailers face a unique set of challenges that demand innovative strategies and a fundamental shift in mindset. This white paper contrasts the impact of the 2008 recession on the retail sector with the current headwinds retailers are grappling with, while offering a comprehensive roadmap for success in this new paradigm.
Best practices for project execution and deliveryCLIVE MINCHIN
A select set of project management best practices to keep your project on-track, on-cost and aligned to scope. Many firms have don't have the necessary skills, diligence, methods and oversight of their projects; this leads to slippage, higher costs and longer timeframes. Often firms have a history of projects that simply failed to move the needle. These best practices will help your firm avoid these pitfalls but they require fortitude to apply.
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This presentation is a curated compilation of PowerPoint diagrams and templates designed to illustrate 20 different digital transformation frameworks and models. These frameworks are based on recent industry trends and best practices, ensuring that the content remains relevant and up-to-date.
Key highlights include Microsoft's Digital Transformation Framework, which focuses on driving innovation and efficiency, and McKinsey's Ten Guiding Principles, which provide strategic insights for successful digital transformation. Additionally, Forrester's framework emphasizes enhancing customer experiences and modernizing IT infrastructure, while IDC's MaturityScape helps assess and develop organizational digital maturity. MIT's framework explores cutting-edge strategies for achieving digital success.
These materials are perfect for enhancing your business or classroom presentations, offering visual aids to supplement your insights. Please note that while comprehensive, these slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be complete for standalone instructional purposes.
Frameworks/Models included:
Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
McKinsey’s Ten Guiding Principles of Digital Transformation
Forrester’s Digital Transformation Framework
IDC’s Digital Transformation MaturityScape
MIT’s Digital Transformation Framework
Gartner’s Digital Transformation Framework
Accenture’s Digital Strategy & Enterprise Frameworks
Deloitte’s Digital Industrial Transformation Framework
Capgemini’s Digital Transformation Framework
PwC’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cisco’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cognizant’s Digital Transformation Framework
DXC Technology’s Digital Transformation Framework
The BCG Strategy Palette
McKinsey’s Digital Transformation Framework
Digital Transformation Compass
Four Levels of Digital Maturity
Design Thinking Framework
Business Model Canvas
Customer Journey Map
Zodiac Signs and Food Preferences_ What Your Sign Says About Your Tastemy Pandit
Know what your zodiac sign says about your taste in food! Explore how the 12 zodiac signs influence your culinary preferences with insights from MyPandit. Dive into astrology and flavors!
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
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On the use of optical amplifiers in coherent receivers
1. On the use of optical amplifiers in coherent receivers
M. C. Welliver, P. J. Suni, C. S. Tuvey
Lockheed Martin Coherent Technologies
135 S. Taylor Ave., Louisville, CO 80027
marc.welliver@me.com
paul.suni@lmco.com
stewart2v@gmail.com
1. Summary
Heterodyne detection represents an optimal detection method theoretically achieving the standard quantum limit, and
Lockheed Martin Coherent Technologies (LMCT) is interested in developing multi-pixel receivers for optical remote
sensing applications. Practical realization of large array optical heterodyne receivers (many independent measurement
channels) represents an ongoing challenge on a number of technical fronts, among which is power-scaling of a high-
quality local oscillator laser (LO) to be mixed with the return optical signal from a remote target. Typical coherent
receiver designs require per-channel generation of tens of milliWatts of optical power for the LO so scaling to 100 pixel
coherent array requires on the order of 1 W or more of continuous-wave local oscillator power for the reference beam.
One potential solution to this issue involves the use an Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) to boost the power of a
lower power LO laser in order to achieve shot-noise limited optical detection in a multi-channel heterodyne receiver. It
is well known, however, that EDFAs (or indeed any known phase-insensitive optical amplifier technology) produce
optical fields with significant noise in excess of the fundamental shot-noise floor of classical optical fields. Such excess
noise in an LO represents a direct reduction in mean coherent receiver signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We measured the
noise characteristics of an LO created by a shot-noise limited seed laser undergoing amplification followed by
attenuation and found that when gain and attenuation are equal the excess noise factor is >6 dB. When the EDFA is
seeded with significantly more power than is required for single-pixel shot-noise limited performance, however, the
excess noise factor approaches unity. Hence, ideal coherent receiver performance can be achieved with an EDFA-based
LO, enabling LO power scaling for large coherent receiver arrays.
2. Theoretical and system studies
Background: Optical heterodyne detection is a powerful measurement technique in which the received optical signal
is mixed with a reference laser beam known as a local oscillator. Among the benefits of mixing optical fields prior to
detection are: amplification of the (typically very weak) signal, spectral filtering (which reduces susceptibility to
background light and countermeasures), polarization selection, and preservation of amplitude and phase information,
thereby increasing the number of possible measurands (e.g. range, vibrometry, etc.). From a laser radar design
perspective the key benefit of heterodyne detection is its ability to achieve of the standard quantum limit for optical
signal detection in the presence of noise, but this ideal performance is only realized if the LO is shot-noise limited.1 In a
coherent detection receiver laser light reflected from an object of interest is combined with a reference LO laser beam
through the two ports of a beamsplitter (typically 80:20 or 90:10 mixing ratio for a single-arm receiver). When spatially
matched with proper phase fronts, the co-propagating signal and LO optical fields interfere with one another temporally
on a photodetector, creating a periodic current at the beat frequency of the optical fields with amplitude proportional to
the square of the superposed field strengths:1
ηe 2
i( t ) = iDC + ih ( t ) = E s ( t ) + E LO ( t )
hν
. (1)
ηe
≅
hν
PLO 1+ 2( Ps
PLO
cos(2π Δf t + Δϕ ) )
Here, η is the overall coherent receiver efficiency, e is the charge of an electron, h is Planck’s constant, ν is the optical
frequency, P is the optical power incident on the detector, and Δf and Δφ are the differences in optical frequency and
phase of the signal and LO optical fields. We have also assumed PLO >> Ps. The DC photocurrent gives rise to wide-
band shot-noise due € the discrete nature of photoelectric conversion at the detector, and this noise power represents
to
the minimum possible fluctuation in measured signal (at least for classical light). We identify the mean SNR as the
ratio of the mean signal power < ih > to the in-band shot-noise power given by 2eiDC Be :
2
ηe 2
SNRh ≡
2
ih
≅
2( )Phν LO Ps
≅
η Ps n
=η s . (2)
2e ( ) P
ηe
2eiDC Be hν LO Be
hν Be Be
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2. The shot-noise limited mean heterodyne SNR is the product of the number of photons per unit bandwidth and the
overall receiver efficiency, and is independent of LO power (so long as the LO shot noise dominates all other noise
sources in the coherent receiver measurement chain). Excess noise on the LO directly reduces mean heterodyne SNR,
so we now turn to the noise characteristics of an EDFA-based LO operating in a real coherent receiver system.
Amplification and attenuation of a shot-noise limited LO laser source: Having identified the ideal performance of
a coherent optical receiver, we now turn our attention to the case of coherent receivers with excess noise on the LO.
Suppose a light beam with n0 photons per unit bandwidth is incident on an optical amplifier with gain G. For a shot-
noise limited input beam the mean photon number and photon number variance per unit bandwidth at the output are:2
n1 = Gn 0 + f sp (G −1)
2. (3)
σ n1 = Gn 0 + f sp (G −1) + 2Gn 0 f sp (G −1) + [ f sp (G −1)]
2
The photon number variance per unit bandwidth has four contributions: the first two are shot noise from the amplified
input and amplified spontaneous emission (the latter is typically small and can be ignored, as can the fourth term arising
from spontaneous-spontaneous mixing). The third term is the trouble and represents amplified spontaneous emission
(ASE) beating with the amplified input field, resulting in excess intensity noise at the output of the EDFA. The ratio of
€
this expression to the variance of a shot-noise limited field with mean photon number Gn0 gives the multiplicative
excess noise factor for the output field, neglecting terms of order (fsp/n0)<<1:2
2 2
σ n1 σ n1
Fex ≡ 2
= ≅ [1+ 2 f sp (G −1)] . (4)
σ shot−n1 Gn 0
The spontaneous emission noise factor in Eq. 4 is unity for a 4-level system (like Nd), whereas in 3-level or quasi-3-
level systems (like erbium) it is worse than unity unless the gain medium is completely inverted.3 Real fiber amplifiers
tend to have noise figures in excess of 3 dB.
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Next we consider the case of multi-pixel coherent receivers where the amplified LO is attenuated prior to detection.
Attenuation occurs due to the heterodyne mixing beamsplitter as well as spreading the amplified LO over many pixels.
For the purpose of this analysis, we will consider a single effective attenuation factor that accounts for the partial
reflectivity of the signal-LO beamsplitter (typically 10-20%) and the effective attenuation due to spreading the LO over
multiple pixels (potentially 64 or larger for arrays where optical amplification of the LO becomes relevant). Hence, a
typical value of the attenuation factor may be 640. Under attenuation the mean number of photons per unit bandwidth
and the shot-noise variance in the photon number scale inversely with attenuation factor, resulting in the well-known
result of degradation in signal-to-shot-noise ratio with attenuation. The photon number variance due to excess intensity
noise contributions scales inversely with the square of the attenuation factor, conserving signal-to-excess-noise ratio
under attenuation. The resulting expressions, again neglecting terms of order (fsp/n0) compared to 1, become:
n 2 ≅ (G A ) n 0
σ n 2 ≅ (G A) n 0 [1+ 2(G / A) f sp ] .
2
(5)
Fex ≅ [1+ 2(G A) f sp ]
The total noise spectral density of the resulting LO field is obtained by adding the shot- and excess noise contributions
in quadrature. Figure 1 (left) shows the various contributions of noise photons (integrated over the spectral band) from
an amplified-attenuated optical field for two different spontaneous noise factors. We see that with significant
attenuation (G/A << 1) this excess noise term can become relatively unimportant compared to the unavoidable shot
€
noise (assuming ordinary laser light), and that the dependence on the assumed spontaneous noise rate diminishes as the
resulting optical field becomes weaker. In regions of G/A > 1 we see that the excess intensity noise dominates.
Coherent receiver system considerations and results: Now that we have demonstrated that attenuation consistent
with realistic multi-pixel system configurations can alleviate the excess intensity noise issues associated with optical
amplification of the local oscillator, we turn to system-level considerations of the implementation. It is well known that
filtering the amplified light with an optical cavity also removes the excess intensity noise due to ASE, but the point here
is that for large coherent receiver arrays the same effect can be recovered through passive system-level attenuation of
the noisy, amplified LO. This greatly simplifies system design and reliability. Additionally, while it is advantageous to
attenuate an amplified optical field to recover shot-noise limited statistics, coherent detection systems still require
sufficient optical power on the detector to overcome electronic noise in the first electronic gain stage (typically a
3. transimpedance amplifier). Hence, there will be an optimal regime for system design based on the single-pixel LO
power required to overcome all subsequent measurement noise sources.
Figure 1: (Left) Number of shot-noise and excess noise photons (normalized to number of input beam photons) versus G/A for fsp =
2 and fsp = 4. (Right) Coherent Detection excess noise factor versus G/A for various input optical seed powers. m_seed indicates the
ratio of EDFA seed power to shot-noise limited single-pixel LO power, defined by 10 dB above the TIA noise floor, and fsp = 2 is
assumed.
Modification of the mean heterodyne SNR from Eq. 2 to include excess noise on the LO optical field and electronic
amplifier noise results in:
−1
ηe 2
SNRh ≅
( ) (G / A)P P
2 hν LO s
≅
η Ps
Fex +
σA 2
, (6)
2e ( ) P F B + σ B
ηe
hν LO ex e
2
A e
hν Be
h
e
( )
2e ην PLO
where σA2 is the input-referred noise power spectral density of all measurement electronics, Ps is the signal power
incident on a single photodetector, and PLO is the local oscillator power incident on a single detector following all gain
and amplification processes. The ratio of this overall mean heterodyne SNR to that for an ideal LO shot-noise limited
system gives the overall coherent receiver excess noise factor for an EDFA-based LO design. With the definition
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PLO=(G/A)PIN analytically we find:
2
SNRh σA 1
F (G A,PIN ) = SNL
≅ 1+ 2(G A) f sp + . (7)
SNRh 2e ( )
ηe
hν PIN G A
The competing trends of the two excess noise terms as a function of (G/A) are evident in the data plotted in Figure 1
(right). In the figure m_seed is the ratio of the EDFA input optical power to the single-pixel LO power required such
that the LO shot-noise power is 10σA2. F=1 represents ideal performance.
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3. Experimental investigation
We performed spectrally-resolved noise power measurements for a commercial EDFA designed for gain at a
wavelength of 1617 nm. The output power could be adjusted over the range 0.2-1.2 W, while the minimum seed power
was 7 mW. For the present study our source was a 1617 nm DFB laser capable of up to 50 mW CW power, and our RF
measurement band spanned 100 MHz to 3.0 GHz. For detection we used an AC-coupled Discovery InGaAs PIN
photoreceiver with integrated TIA, the combined bandwidth of which is approximately 9.5 GHz. A Miteq post-amplifier
with 30 dB of gain and a noise figure of <1 dB followed the photoreceiver, providing input for spectrally-resolved AC
measurements on a Rohde & Schwarz 20 GHz RF Spectrum Analyzer. DC measurements were made at the photodiode
using a Keithley source meter, which also biased the photodetector. Figure 2 (left) shows the noise spectral density under
dark and CW illuminated conditions for (G/A) = 1 with the EDFA operating at different gain settings and compensating
adjustment in the post-EDFA attenuation. The lowest blue curve represents the post-detection electronics noise power
under dark conditions. The red line shows the noise power spectrum of the input optical field to the EDFA, while the
dashed line represents the calculated shot-noise floor based on the measured 9 mA DC photocurrent. The EDFA seed
laser source is shot-noise limited and post-detection electronics are suppressed by >10dB relative to this level. For
(G/A) = 1 the noise spectrum of the amplified LO is a factor 4-5 larger than that of the seed laser itself, resulting in a
direct degradation to heterodyne receiver sensitivity.
Figure 2 (right) shows the mid-band spectrally averaged excess noise factor versus (G/A). The spectral average is taken
4. from 900-1100 MHz for various seed powers and gain settings. The solid line corresponds to Eq. 4 with fsp = 2, but the
spontaneous emission factor may be a function of seed power and/or gain setting, so this should not be interpreted as a
measurement of fsp. Rather, the excess noise factor of the resulting optical field is measured directly and of the greatest
importance since it directly affects heterodyne receiver performance. For the smallest values of (G/A) our optical shot-
noise was not 10 dB above the post-detection electronics noise floor, but differential data analysis allowed extraction of
the excess noise.4 For (G/A)<0.05 the excess noise factor is <1.1 and ideal performance is approached.
Figure 2: (Left) Noise Power Spectra for TIA, seed laser, and amplified laser fields for multiple gain settings and G/A=1. All
optical fields were attenuated such that the DC photocurrent measured at the detector was 9 mA. (Right) Excess noise factor vs.
(G/A) for multiple gain settings and DC photocurrents. Data demonstrate that given large seed power and enough attenuation, shot-
noise limited performance can be achieved.
4. Conclusions
Physically the analysis means that one cannot reduce shot-noise by manipulating gain and attenuation since it is a
quantum statistical effect, but one can alter the contribution of excess noise due to amplification by spreading it out
over many receiver channels or throwing light away. ASE noise is fixed in the sense that adding 10 noise photons to a
time slot and then dividing those photons among 100 channels produces on average only 0.1 noise photons per channel.
In the limit of large effective attenuation this confirms the accepted notion that sufficient attenuation will make any
source shot-noise limited. The trouble, of course, is that while dividing up the noise photons one also decreases the LO
power, so for practical designs two constraints have to be met: First (G/A) must be small enough that shot-noise
dominates ASE for any given detector; second, one must ensure that there is still sufficient LO power impinging on
each pixel that its shot-noise dominates post-detection electronics noise. To reiterate the point, from Eq. 5 it is clear
that amplifying by a factor larger than the subsequent effective attenuation is not useful since the noise variance is still
degraded by a factor of at least [1+2fsp] or >3. For amplifiers to be useful in the LO arm of a coherent detection system
the quantity (G/A) must be small. In order to still have sufficient LO power on the detector the seed power at the
amplifier input must exceed that required for shot-noise limited detection on a single pixel. If one needs 1 mW to
produce ideal performance for a single detector, it is not useful to amplify that same power level and subsequently
attenuate it by division across multiple detectors. However, if one starts with e.g. 100 mW, amplifies by 10 X and
divides the resulting noisy field among 100 detectors (and uses a 10% heterodyne beam splitter) the result is still 1 mW
on each detector, while the excess noise factor is negligible. The shot-noise variance is unaffected as expected. The
same system without an optical amplifier would require 1 W of clean LO power, so this appears to be a situation in
which amplification of the LO is a net win.
References
[1] S. Henderson, P. Gatt, et al., Wind LIDAR in Laser Remote Sensing, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, Boca
Raton, FL, Ch. 12 (2005).
[2] Tulloch et al., “Quantum noise in a continuous-wave laser-diode-pumped Nd:YAG linear optical amplifier,” Opt.
Lett. 23, p.1852 (1988).
[3] Desurvire, E., Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers, Principles and Applications, Wiley-Interscience (1994).
[4] Obarski, G., “Precise calibration for optical amplifier noise figure measurement using the RIN subtraction method”,
Proc. IEEE Opt. Fib. Comm., p. 601-603 (2003).