The document discusses cloud computing and distributed computing. It defines cloud computing as a type of parallel and distributed system consisting of interconnected and virtualized computers that are dynamically provisioned on demand through web technologies. Distributed computing is defined as utilizing a network of autonomous computers communicating over a network to accomplish a task more quickly than a single computer. The document then covers the history, characteristics, applications, advantages, and disadvantages of distributed computing and cloud computing.

1. Cloud Computing &
Distributed Computing
Dr. Kamal Gulati

2. Cloud Computing
• Cloud is a type of Parallel and Distributed
system consisting of a collection of
interconnected and virtualized computers
• These are dynamically provisioned on demand
and accessible through Web 2.0 technologies.
• The idea is to scale the application by deploying
it on a grid of commodity hardware boxes

3. Compute Cloud

5. Cloud Computing Services / Layers

6. • Cloud computing consists of utilizing parallel
and distributed system consisting of
interconnected and virtualized computers

7. The Cloud OS

8. Future of Emerging Trends

9. Distributed Computing
• “A Distributed system consists of multiple autonomous
computers that communicate through a computer
network.
• “Distributed computing utilizes a network of many
computers, each accomplishing a portion of an overall
task, to achieve a computational result much more
quickly than with a single computer.”
• “Distributed computing is any computing that involves
multiple computers remote from each other that each
have a role in a computation problem or information
processing.”

10. • A distributed system is one in which hardware or
software components located at networked
computers communicate and coordinate their
actions only by message passing.
• In the term distributed computing, the word
distributed means spread out across space. Thus,
distributed computing is an activity performed on a
spatially distributed system.
• These networked computers may be in the same
room, same campus, same country, or in different
continents

11. Cooperation
Cooperation
Cooperation
Internet
Large-scale
Application
Resource
Management
Subscription
Distribution
Distribution Distribution
Distribution
Agent
Agent Agent
Agent
Job Request

12. History
• 1975 – 1985
– Parallel computing was favored in the early years
– Primarily vector-based at first
– Gradually more thread-based parallelism was introduced
– The first distributed computing programs were a pair of
programs called Creeper and Reaper invented in 1970s
– Ethernet that was invented in 1970s.
– ARPANET e-mail was invented in the early 1970s and
probably the earliest example of a large-scale distributed
application.

13. History
• 1985 -1995
– Massively parallel architectures start rising and message
passing interface and other libraries developed
– Bandwidth was a big problem
– The first Internet-based distributed computing project was
started in 1988 by the DEC System Research Center.
– Distributed.net was a project founded in 1997 - considered
the first to use the internet to distribute data for
calculation and collect the results

14. History
• 1995 – Today
– Cluster/grid architecture increasingly dominant
– Special node machines eschewed in favor of COTS
technologies
– Web-wide cluster software
– Google take this to the extreme (thousands of
nodes/cluster)
– SETI@Home started in May 1999 - analyze the radio
signals that were being collected by the Arecibo Radio
Telescope in Puerto Rico.

15. Goal
• Making Resources Accessible
– Data sharing and device sharing
• Distribution Transparency
– Access, location, migration, relocation, replication,
concurrency, failure
• Communication
– Make human-to-human comm. easier. E.g.. : electronic
mail
• Flexibility
– Spread the work load over the available machines in the
most cost effective way
• To coordinate the use of shared resources
• To solve large computational problem

16. Characteristics
• Resource Sharing
• Openness
• Concurrency
• Scalability
• Fault Tolerance
• Transparency

17. Architecture
• Client-server
• 3-tier architecture
• N-tier architecture
• loose coupling, or tight coupling
• Peer-to-peer
• Space based

18. Application
• Examples of commercial application :
– Database Management System
– Distributed computing using mobile agents
– Local intranet
– Internet (World Wide Web)
– JAVA Remote Method Invocation (RMI)

19. Distributed Computing Using Mobile
Agents
• Mobile agents can be wandering around in a
network using free resources for their own
computations.

20. Local Intranet
• A portion of Internet that is separately
administered & supports internal sharing of
resources (file/storage systems and printers) is
called local intranet.

21. Internet
• The Internet is a global system of interconnected
computer networks that use the standardized
Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP).

22. Categories of Applications in
distributed computing
• Science
• Life Sciences
• Cryptography
• Internet
• Financial
• Mathematics
• Language
• Art
• Puzzles/Games
• Miscellaneous
• Distributed Human Project
• Collaborative Knowledge Bases
• Charity

23. Example of applications
• Internet – Gomez Distributed PEER Client
(peerReview)
– Evaluate the performance of large websites to find
bottlenecks.
• Life Sciences - Compute Against Cancer® (CAC)
– Create immediate impact in the lives of cancer
patients and their families today, while at the
same time empowering the research that will
result in improved therapies — and perhaps even
the cure.

24. Example of applications
Collaborative Knowledge Bases – Wikipedia
 A collaborative project to produce a complete a free
encyclopedia from scratch.
 The encyclopedia is available in many non-English languages.
Distributed Human Projects- Open Mind Indoor
Common Sense
 Help teach indoor mobile robots to be smarter. It will
create a repository of knowledge which will enable
people to create more intelligent mobile robots for use
in home and office environments.

25. Advantages
• Economics:-
– Computers harnessed together give a better price/performance ratio
than mainframes.
• Speed:-
– A distributed system may have more total computing power than a
mainframe.
• Inherent distribution of applications:-
– Some applications are inherently distributed. E.g., an ATM-banking
application.
• Reliability:-
– If one machine crashes, the system as a whole can still survive if you
have multiple server machines and multiple storage devices
(redundancy).
• Extensibility and Incremental Growth:-
– Possible to gradually scale up (in terms of processing power and
functionality) by adding more sources (both hardware and software).
This can be done without disruption to the rest of the system.

26. Disadvantages
• Complexity :-
– Lack of experience in designing, and implementing a distributed
system. E.g. which platform (hardware and OS) to use, which language
to use etc.
• Network problem:-
– If the network underlying a distributed system saturates or goes
down, then the distributed system will be effectively disabled thus
negating most of the advantages of the distributed system.
• Security:-
– Security is a major hazard since easy access to data means easy access
to secret data as well.

27. Conclusion
• The concept of distributed computing is the most
efficient way to achieve the optimization.
• Distributed computing is anywhere : intranet, Internet
or mobile ubiquitous computing (laptop, PDAs, pagers,
smart watches, hi-fi systems)
• It deals with hardware and software systems, that
contain more than one processing / storage and run in
concurrently.
• Main motivation factor is resource sharing; such as files
, printers, web pages or database records.
• Grid computing and cloud computing are form of
distributed computing.

28. Dr. Kamal Gulati
Associate Professor |
University Quality Support Head |
Mentoring Programme Coordinator
[Ph. D., M.Sc. (Computer Science), M.C.A., M.B.A]
Professional Certifications:
• Certified Microsoft Innovative Educator
• Data Science 101 Certification from Big Data University
• R Language 101 Certification from Big Data University
• SQL Certification from SOLOLEARN.com
• Certified IBM Big Data 101 from Big Data University
• R Program & Python Certified from DataCamp
• Wiley Certified Big Data Analyst [WCBDA]
• Certification on DBMS from IIT Mumbai
• Certified Cisco Certified Network Associate [CCNA]
• Certified Microsoft Certified Professional [MCP]
• Certified Brainbench in Computer Fundamentals, Microsoft Access, MySQL 5.7 Administration &
Microsoft Project

29. • Worked as Visiting Professor with Stratford University, USA for six months from
Jan’2016 to June’2016.
• Also worked at Bahrain University in Kingdom of Bahrain Sr. I.T. Faculty (Computer
Science Department) for Period of 2 Years.
• Have rich experience in the field of teaching and research in Computer Science and
Information Technology for almost 15+ years in Academia.
• Having experience of working with both private and public institutions and universities
as the lecturer and self-instruction material writer for Information Technology courses.
• Had number of research papers published in national and international journals and
conference proceedings in IEEE and Scopus Index.
• Also chaired various National and International Conferences of repute and associated
with various International Journals as Editorial Board Member for International and
National, Academic Adviser and Research Paper Reviewer.
• My current area of interest: Big Data Analytics, R Software, Management Information
System, IT Project Management, Decision Support System, Business Analytics,
Database Management System, Data Networking and Advanced Excel with Visual Basic
Macros.
• Country Visited: USA, Canada, UK, UAE, Bahrain, Oman (Mostly for Teaching and
Research Purpose)
Profile of Dr. Kamal Gulati

30. • Technical Program Committee for International Conference on Data, Engineering and Applications
2017 (IDEA-2k17) which would be on October 28-29, 2017 at Bhopal. http://www.ideaconference.in
• Advisory Board Committee Member for International Conference on Energy, Communication, Data
Analytics and Soft Computing (ICECDS) which would be on 1-2 August 2017 at SKR Engineering
College, Poonamallee, Tamil Nadu, India. http://ecds.org.in
• Advisory Committee Member for International Conference on Innovative Research in Engineering
and Science which would be on 16-17 June 2017 at Asian Institute of Technology Conference Center
Thailand. http://www.iresconf.org
• Advisory Committee Member for International Conference on Cloud Computing and Internet of
everything which held on 10-11 Feb’2016 at Delhi-NCR. http://www.ccioet.org
• Technical Committee member for InCITe-2016 (International Conference on Information Technology)
Theme - Internet of Things: Connect Your Worlds, IT Summit, Amity University 2016 which held on
06-07 Oct, 2016. http://www.amity.edu/incite2016
• Technical Speaker for Global perspective on IT business “The Changing Scenario” – Big Data on
International Students Conference New Delhi (ISCND) which held on 14-15 Oct, 2016
http://iscnd.com
• Advisory Committee Member for International Conference on Sustainable Computing Techniques in
Engineering, Science and Management which has held on 09-10 Sep’2016 at Delhi-NCR.
http://www.scesm.org
• Technical Program Committee Member for Program Committee Member for International
Conference on Recent Trends IN ICT, Jaipur, India, Aug 18-19, 2017 http://rtict.org
• Program Committee Member for International Conference on Recent Advancement in Computer and
Communication Bhopal, India, (IC-RAC-2017) May 26-27, 2017 http://www.icrac.co.in
Profile Contd….

31. • Editorial Board member for the following International Journals:
– International Journal of Computer Science and Innovation
http://www.infinitysciences.org
– International Journal of Latest Research in Engineering and
Technology http://www.ijlret.com
– International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology
http://www.ijltet.org
– International Journal of Application or Innovation
in Engineering & Management http://www.ijaiem.org
– International Journal for Management http://www.ijm-apm.com
– ITM International Journal of Innovations in Science, Engineering &
Management www.iijisem.org
– The International Journal of Emerging Engineering and Embedded
Systems http://www.ijeees.org
– Conference Info http://conferenceinfo.org/tpc.php
– International Journal of Computer Engineering in Research Trends
(IJCERT) http://www.ijcert.org
• Expert Speaker for Program “Insurance Beyond Doubt” Presented by Oriental Insurance Co Ltd.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GrvJkN_Zn3Q
Profile Contd….

32. BOOK, CHAPTER, and CASE STUDY Published
• Published Book on “A Study of Changing Trends in E-CRM of
Indian Insurance Industry” Published by LAP Lambert
Academic Publishing, one of the top researchers and
renowned scientists of Germany with ISBN: 3330009543,
9783330009547. The Book available at Amazon.com.
• Published Real Case Study on “IoT Security Considerations for
Higher Education” published on Business Cases - RENVOI 2017
BOOK (The Case Centre, UK) with ISBN: 978-1-4828-8840-9,
Page 63-70. The Book available at the various online website:
Amazon, AbeBooks, Chegg, Barnes & Noble.
• Published Chapter on "Role of eWorld in Insurance Innovation"
Published by Insurance Institute of India (III), 60 Years
Diamond Jubilee, Compendium, Nov 2016 – (Magazine) – One
of the premium Insurance Institute of India.

33. Contact Details
• Email : drkamalgulati@gmail.com
• Website : http://mybigdataanalytics.in
• LinkedIn : https://in.linkedin.com/in/drkamalgulati