DATA INTEGRITY AND SECURITY BY HOMOMORPHIC ENCRYPTION

1. DATA INTEGRITYAND SECURITY
Tunuguntla Hemanth
School of Computer Science and Engineering
Lovely Professional University
ABSTRACT:
Cloud Computing is a type of computing
that uses hardware and software to deliver a
service over Internet. It can be used to
access the applications and files from any
device across the globe over the internet. In
this the information and data are stored in
physical and virtual data servers through a
service provider like Amazon etc.
Data Integrity is one among the foremost
concern for the clients because the data
that’s stored within the large data centres
remains for an extended period of time as
long as because the client’s access with
completeness, accuracy and Integrity.
It refers to the maintaining and assurance
and consistency of required data. In general
the overall summary of Data Integrity
technique is almost same.
The data which is recorded which later
retrieval ensure that the data should be same
as it was originally as recorded.
Data Integrity isn’t to be confused with the
Data Security, the discipline of protecting
the information from the unauthorized
parties. If the changes are the results of the
unauthorized access, it might be going to be
a failure in Data Security.
Cloud Security means the protection of
valuable information from the hackers,
theft, leakage and deletion. These incidents
or attacks that affect the services provided
to the clients by the service providers such
as bank accounts and email accounts etc.
INTRODUCTION:
In the cloud storage architecture, cloud
make it possible to access our information
from anywhere at any time. In Cloud
Computing there are four Cloud Storages:
•Public cloud storage: In publicly cloud
storage system, it can access by any
subscriber with a web connectivity and
access to the cloud space.
•Private cloud storage: In privately cloud
storage system, it’s established for a
selected organizations and limits to access
to those organizations.
•Hybrid cloud storage: In hybrid cloud
storage, it’s combination of the publicly
cloud storage system and privately cloud
storage system. It means where critical
cloud data located in privately cloud while
other data is stored and accessed from
public cloud.
•Mobile cloud storage: In mobile cloud
storage, it stores the separate data within the
cloud and access it from anywhere at any
time.
Cloud has become an alternative and
advanced way of data storage for
organizations for a variety of industries.
New organizations are building up their
infrastructure on the cloud and many older
organizations are moving their
infrastructure from traditional to the cloud
platform. When we perform various
operations in the cloud, we must know that
all the operations are being performed on
the data.

2. CLOUD ARCHITECTURE:
The main goal of the Cloud Computing is
to have high performance computing power
which is used in research facilities
generally. It is to perform millions and
trillions of computations in fraction of
seconds which is mostly required by the
consumer.
The hardware layer: This layer is
responsible for maintaining the physical
resources of the cloud which comprises of
switches, physical server, routers, cooling
system etc.
The infrastructure layer: Also called the
virtualization layer. It creates a pool like
environment for the devices which works as
a storage and are useful for computational
services by dividing the resources into
parts. Because it contains a key role within
the cloud computing and many of its
attributes works as dynamic resource
assignment.
The application layer: With in the
hierarchy of the cloud architecture this
layer is at the highest level. It comprises of
the layers with the particular cloud
applications.
In this paper the focus on Data Integrity and
Security which are exposing to risk within
the cloud storage services and provided the
information redundancy and data
dependability by using Homomorphic
Encryption.
In this Homomorphic Encryption the
security analysis also depicts us the
suggested model is highly efficient against
the malicious attacks, theft and leakage etc.
It is to achieve storage correctness and the
error localization.
Cloud computing saves the time and money
of the organisation or the company. But
trusting it is more important because the
data is the most important thing for the
organisation. Because the data that they
share in the cloud is directly into the
database or through an application
HOMOMORPHIC ENCRYPTION:
It is a new type of Encryption that requires
a secret key to decrypt. This computes on
encrypted data without decryption. No one
sees results without a secret key.
In this a cryptographic algorithm is
explained for a brief idea on the
secure communication and how it
works. For more efficiency and for
very thick layered security there are
many techniques that combines but
this is helps in establishing a secure
connection.
Example:
If you want to keep your DNA data secret,
but you still want to use some services, let’s

3. say to find your relatives like you can just
upload the encrypted version of your DNA
to the database and they provide matching
services for you and return the results. Even
you have relative or not you get some result
encrypted back. Only you can see the result.
All the data is encrypted, and the service
provider does not know nothing about it.
Real lifetime applications of these is I-Dash
application etc. These focus text on
Genomic data.
Explanation on Homomorphic
Encryption:
There are two zones which requires a safe
zone. Outside of the safe zone all the data
should be encrypted. The encryption
doesn’t have to be done by yourself because
there is public key encryption that use a
public key. Even the results outside the safe
zone are encrypted.
Popular Schemes:
TFHE: It is one of the most efficient
schemes now a days. It focuses on logic
gates and bits. It is like redesigning logic
circuit.
BGV, BFV: They perform exact arithmetic
vectors of numbers.
Five Stages in Homomorphic Encryption:
1. Setup
2. Key Generation
3. Encryption
4. Evaluation
5. Decryption
Set-Up:
In the setup we need to choose the scheme
and some security parameters and
performance parameters functionality.
Key Generation:
After setting up the parameters we can do
the key generation and here the secret key
is the one that we need to protect.
And the other three are generated from the
secret key and they all are considered to be
public. So we can these keys to anyone and
they can never compromise your data.
These are required for computation and the
public key is used for encryption and
decryption as well.
Encryption:
It is a high-level view where we encrypt
vector of numbers. Many of it becomes
Ciphertext which becomes two
polynomials.
Evaluation:
It is the stage where we really write a
program. Like if there is a algorithm in the
HE. We can write it down in HE and
happens in evaluation. It is just a
computation on a secure data.
Decryption:
After the computation is done, we decrypt
the data.
SIMD Computation:
A single instruction multiple datum, when
you issue a single instruction or operation it
applies to all the data independently. It is
called as a single instruction multiple data.
We use that with homomorphic Encryption.
NOTATIONS PRELIMINARIES:
f - The information file to be stored.
A - The dispersal matrix, which indicates a
collection n= m + k vectors.

4. G - The encoded file matrix.
f key(.) – function
ver - A version number
Let F = (F1, F2, F3, …. Fm) and Fi = (f1i,
f2i…... fli) T ( I ∈ {1, . . . , m}).
Here T denotes that every Fi is represented
as a column vector, and data vector size
denoted l in blocks. Of these blocks are
elements of GF (2p).
The systematic layout with parity vectors is
achieved with the data dispersal matrix A,
derived from a matrix derived from a β2m-
1 … βmm-1 … βm+1m-1 βnm-1 where βj
(j ∈ {1, . . ., n}) are same elements that are
chosen randomly from GF (2p).
After a series of basic row transformations
then the matrix is often written as:
1 0 . . . 0 P11 P12 . . .P1k 0 1 . . .
0 P21 P22 . . . Pmk
A = 0 0 . . . 1 Pm1 Pm2 . . . Pmk
By multiplying F by A, the user obtains the
encoded file is:
G = F.A = (G (1), G(2),..., G(m), G(m+1), .
. ., G(n)) =
(F1, F2, . . ., Fm, G(m+1), . . ., G(n)),
Where G(j) = (g1(j), g2(j), . . ., gl(j)) T (j ∈
{1..., n}).
It is noticed and also the multiplication then
reproduces the information file vectors of F
and also the remaining part (G(m+1), . . .,
G(n)) are k parity vectors generated which
are supported on F.
Algorithm 1 Token Precomputation
1: procedure
2: Select parameters l, n and performance f,
φ;
3: Select the amount t of tokens;
4: Select the amount r of index per
confirmation;
5: produce pass key Kprp and challenge key
kchal;
6: for the vectors G(j), j ← 1, n, do
7: for round i← 1, t d
8: Derive αi = fkchal and kprp from Kprp
9: compute
10 ends for
11: end for
12: store all the vis locally
13: end procedure.
FUTURE WORK:
Cloud Computing is in continual
development, while people are enjoying the
numerous benefits that cloud computing
brings, security in clouds may be a key
challenge.
• Much vulnerability in clouds still exists
and hackers still proceed to exploit these
security holes.
• During this paper I have examined that the
security and safety vulnerabilities in clouds
from three perspectives), included related
real-world exploits, and introduced
countermeasures to those security breaches.
• Within the future, further efforts in
studying cloud security risks and also the
countermeasures to cloud security breaches
must continue.
CONCLUSION:
In this paper, I have examined the issues
and concern with security in cloud
computing. As we rely on erasing and
correcting the code in the file that support
the redundancy of the vectors using the
Homomorphic Encryption. The fact is that
the security and the privacy suggest that the
student’s intention to use the cloud services
positively related to their privacy
perception.
REFERENCES:

5. 1. Book By: K. D. Bowers, A. Jules,
and A. Opera, “High-availability &
Integrity for Cloud Storage”
2. Algorithm from academia-
Research on Cloud Computing.
3. From You Tube
(https://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=SEBdYXxijSo).