- The document discusses a case study on how cloud computing and content management systems are being applied in Macedonian education. A questionnaire was distributed to teachers and students to examine their experiences with cloud computing, content management systems, and how cloud computing influences the use of mobile technologies.
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- Younger respondents felt that cloud computing moderately facilitates the use of mobile devices, while older teachers felt it significantly facilitates mobile device use. This suggests that
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A good education system is required for overall prosperity of a nation. A tremendous
growth in the education sector had made the administration of education institutions complex. Any
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The Social Media Platforms, as the one of largest part of today data traffic on the Internet,
disseminate a vast volume of information, including medical information in it. Knowledge management
system (KMS) approach is applied with purpose to capture, maintain, and manage tacit or explicit
knowledge available and collected within the social media platforms, organization’s database, knowledge
base, or document repository. By adding Indonesian Natural Language Processing (InaNLP), Machine
Learning and Data Mining approach, our research has proposed a framework which is theoretically
designed to improve the previous research related to social media knowledge capture model and enhance
its accuracy and reliability of knowledge retrieved compared to previous knowledge capture model. This
system mainly aimed for medical practitioner to give a quick suggestion of the diseases regarding to the
early diagnose which has been taken in the first place. On this current research state, the pre-processing
phase of the framework implementation and knowledge presentation is our main concernto maximize the
information value for the knowledge users and also to reduce the language issues in texts such as
ambiguity, inconsistency, use of slang vocabulary, etc.According to this research’s goal, we have designed
an algorithm to extract feature from dataset.
A Survey on E-Learning System with Data MiningIIRindia
E-learning process has been widely used in university campus and educational institutions are playing vital role to enhance the skill set of students. Modern E-learning done by many electronic devices, such as smartphones, Tabs, and so on, on existing E-learning tools is insufficient to achieve the purpose of online training of education. This paper presents a survey of online e-Learning authoring tools for creating and integrating reusable e-learning tool for generation and enhancing existing learning resources with them. The work concentrates on evaluation of the existing e-learning tools a, and authoring tools that have shown good performance in the past for online learners. This survey work takes more than 20 online tools that deal with the educational sector mechanism, for the purpose of observations, and the outcome were analyzed. The findings of this paper are the main reason for developing a new tool, and it shows that educators can enhance existing learning resources by adding assessment resources, if suitable authoring tools are provided. Finally, the different factors that assure the reusability of the created new e-learning tool has been analysed in this paper.E-learning environment is a guide for both students and tutorial management system. The useful on the e-learning system for apart from students and distance learning students. The purpose of using e-learning environment for online education system, developed in data mining for more number of clustering servers and resource chain has been good.
DESIGNING A FRAMEWORK FOR ENHANCING THE ONLINE KNOWLEDGE-SHARING BEHAVIOR OF ...IJMIT JOURNAL
The main objective of this paper is to identify the factors that influence academic staff's digital knowledgesharing behaviors in Ethiopian higher education. A structural equation model was used to validate the
research framework using survey data from 210 respondents. The collected data has been analyzed using
Smart PLS software. The results of the study show that trust, self-motivation, and altruism are positively
related to attitude. Contrary to our expectations, knowledge technology negatively affects attitude.
However, reward systems and empowerment by leaders are significantly associated with knowledgesharing intentions.Knowledge-sharing intention, in turn, was significantly related to digital knowledgesharing behavior. The contributions of this study are twofold. The framework may serve as a roadmap for
future researchers and managers considering their strategy to enhance digital knowledge sharing in HEI.
The findings will benefit academic staff and university administrations.The study will also help academic
staff enhance their knowledge-sharing practices.
USE OF ICT IN EDUCATION ONLINE COMPUTER BASED TESTEditor IJMTER
A good education system is required for overall prosperity of a nation. A tremendous
growth in the education sector had made the administration of education institutions complex. Any
researches reveal that the integration of ICT helps to reduce the complexity and enhance the overall
administration of education. This study has been undertaken to identify the various functional areas
to which ICT is deployed for information administration in education institutions and to find the
current extent of usage of ICT in all these functional areas pertaining to information administration.
The various factors that contribute to these functional areas were identified. A theoretical model was
derived and validated.
Integrated Social Media Knowledge Capture in Medical Domain of IndonesiaTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The Social Media Platforms, as the one of largest part of today data traffic on the Internet,
disseminate a vast volume of information, including medical information in it. Knowledge management
system (KMS) approach is applied with purpose to capture, maintain, and manage tacit or explicit
knowledge available and collected within the social media platforms, organization’s database, knowledge
base, or document repository. By adding Indonesian Natural Language Processing (InaNLP), Machine
Learning and Data Mining approach, our research has proposed a framework which is theoretically
designed to improve the previous research related to social media knowledge capture model and enhance
its accuracy and reliability of knowledge retrieved compared to previous knowledge capture model. This
system mainly aimed for medical practitioner to give a quick suggestion of the diseases regarding to the
early diagnose which has been taken in the first place. On this current research state, the pre-processing
phase of the framework implementation and knowledge presentation is our main concernto maximize the
information value for the knowledge users and also to reduce the language issues in texts such as
ambiguity, inconsistency, use of slang vocabulary, etc.According to this research’s goal, we have designed
an algorithm to extract feature from dataset.
A Survey on E-Learning System with Data MiningIIRindia
E-learning process has been widely used in university campus and educational institutions are playing vital role to enhance the skill set of students. Modern E-learning done by many electronic devices, such as smartphones, Tabs, and so on, on existing E-learning tools is insufficient to achieve the purpose of online training of education. This paper presents a survey of online e-Learning authoring tools for creating and integrating reusable e-learning tool for generation and enhancing existing learning resources with them. The work concentrates on evaluation of the existing e-learning tools a, and authoring tools that have shown good performance in the past for online learners. This survey work takes more than 20 online tools that deal with the educational sector mechanism, for the purpose of observations, and the outcome were analyzed. The findings of this paper are the main reason for developing a new tool, and it shows that educators can enhance existing learning resources by adding assessment resources, if suitable authoring tools are provided. Finally, the different factors that assure the reusability of the created new e-learning tool has been analysed in this paper.E-learning environment is a guide for both students and tutorial management system. The useful on the e-learning system for apart from students and distance learning students. The purpose of using e-learning environment for online education system, developed in data mining for more number of clustering servers and resource chain has been good.
DESIGNING A FRAMEWORK FOR ENHANCING THE ONLINE KNOWLEDGE-SHARING BEHAVIOR OF ...IJMIT JOURNAL
The main objective of this paper is to identify the factors that influence academic staff's digital knowledgesharing behaviors in Ethiopian higher education. A structural equation model was used to validate the
research framework using survey data from 210 respondents. The collected data has been analyzed using
Smart PLS software. The results of the study show that trust, self-motivation, and altruism are positively
related to attitude. Contrary to our expectations, knowledge technology negatively affects attitude.
However, reward systems and empowerment by leaders are significantly associated with knowledgesharing intentions.Knowledge-sharing intention, in turn, was significantly related to digital knowledgesharing behavior. The contributions of this study are twofold. The framework may serve as a roadmap for
future researchers and managers considering their strategy to enhance digital knowledge sharing in HEI.
The findings will benefit academic staff and university administrations.The study will also help academic
staff enhance their knowledge-sharing practices.
Use of information Systems in Yemeni Universities Future Vision EECJOURNAL
This research examines the use of computed information systems in Yemeni universities through the use of intermediate variable technology to test the indirect impact of the information systems structure on the relationship between information technology, and the final performance in the computed information systems in Yemeni universities. The applied situation was exemplified by the selection of four universities where the data on the study were collected through special friendly questionnaire, and the number of respondent (224) persons had been used. Many statistical means, percentages, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and intermediate deviation have been used for the description of the study sample, and for the study variables, as for hypothesis testing, the intermediate variant method was used and the end result was to prove that there was a relationship An incomplete mediation attributed to the structure of information systems that has an indirect impact on the resulting relationship between information technology and the final performance of information systems.
Establishment of Educational Network among the Undergraduate with Mobile Appl...Cahit Berkay Kazangirler
Abstract— It is easier and faster for students to learn from knowledgeable students. The speed of information age and evolving educational technology have changed the way of teaching and the level of knowledge acquired during teaching. In this study, we present establishment of educational network among the undergraduate with mobile application. Students will be trained on the mobile application using smart devices which are present in almost every university student today. For this training, firstly the teams will be established and the target group will be reached for the education given by the knowledgeable student. With the mobile application to be prepared, students will be able to enroll in courses that are opened, will be notified about the lessons from the instructors and will be able to access the necessary source documents easily. The application will also be a website at the same time and all the operations performed in the application will also be available on the website.
An approach to designing and developing an LMS framework appropriate for youn...IJECEIAES
The new people generation Z can be viewed in terms of software engineering as specific users who have high requirements regarding the functions and interface of the software applications, connectivity to social networks and instant communication via the Internet. In recent years, the number of electronic learning systems increased, but students are still not motivated to learn. This requires developing new conceptual models of training and learning software, tailored to the skills and preferences of the end-users. The young students: from kindergartens to preschools and primary schools are special users who have not been studied exhaustively. To present the problem related to the development of learning and training software thoroughly, the most commonly used standards and current trends, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of LMS platforms have been reviewed. The commonly used software design and development technologies have been discussed. We proposed a strategy for developing a web-based e-learning management system according to the possibilities of young pupils as a specific user. We described a software architecture, based on SCORM's specification, and we developed an LMS prototype. The basic methodology used in the design and creation of the system we propose is user-centered design.
EU Project TAU's Seminar 2 material - Part 3
Contemporary methods and forms of work with adult learner: e-Skills & e-Literacy: using digital tools to learn
Exploring Cloud Computing Adoption in Higher Educational Environment: An Extension of the Tpb Model With Trust,
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Unlocking digital literacy practices of EFL teachersEkoPurwanti1
Digital literacy practice is necessary for education since information and communication technology has developed rapidly, resulting in shifting to the era of digital technology. The digital literacy practices in school and especially in classrooms are required for preparing 21st-century students. This study aims to (1) determine teachers’ perceptions of digital literacy practices in the level of classroom and school, (2) point out the digital literacy practices of English Foreign Language (EFL) teachers, and (3) investigate the challenges faced by the EFL teachers in applying digital literacy practices in the classroom. This study revealed the digital literacy practices of thirteen EFL Teachers in Yogyakarta using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The results uncovered that digital literacy was highly supported, evidenced by the facility, equipment, and the connectivity provided in all schools with a variety of free internet access. In the classroom level, these teachers practised digital literacy by using some digital tools. In implementing digital literacy, the teachers faced some challenges, such as defective equipment and Internet access and intrinsic factors such as teachers’ knowledge in technology, their attitudes toward digital technology, and students’ commitment to apply digital literacy. These findings are followed by recommendations for schools, teachers, and further research.
Integrating Ict Software in the Teaching of Accounting in Tertiary Institutio...inventionjournals
The purpose of this study was to ascertain the extent to which Accounting lecturers use ICT in the teaching of Accounting in tertiary institutions in Rivers State. Three research questions were used to obtain relevant responses needed for the study; accordingly, three hypotheses were also formulated. The research design was the descriptive survey design and the sample size was seventy (70) Accounting lecturers that exist in the five tertiary institutions used for the study. The instrument used was Information and Communication Technology Teaching Accounting of Accounting Questionnaire (ICTTAAQ) made up of three major parts; A: Demographics; B (three sections) addressing relevant research questions. The ICTTAAQ met both validity and reliability criteria. The study revealed among other things that Accounting lecturers do not make enough use of Accounting software in the teaching of Accounting. Consequently, the three research hypotheses that guided the study were also rejected. The study recommended that based on the role ICT and Accounting software in the improvement of teaching of Accounting, Management of tertiary institutions should provide ICT tools and accounting libraries, and where they are available, Accounting lecturers should utilize them properly to enhance professional competence.
The Big data concept emerged to meet the growing demands in analysing large
volumes of fast moving, heterogeneous and complex data, which traditional data
analysis systems could not manage further. The application of big data technology
across various sectors of the economy has aided better utilization of multiple data
collated and hence decision making. Organizations no longer base operations on
assumptions or constructed models solely, but can make inferences from generated
data. Educational organizations are more efficient and the pedagogical processes
more effective, when multiple streams of data can be collated from the various
personnel and facilitators involved. This data when analysed, maximizes the
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the education system for effective administration and delivery
Framework for Securing Educational E-Government Serviceijcisjournal
Enhancement in technology is leading to a change in the way governments, individuals, institutions and
business entities provide quality services to the citizen. Today's education system plays crucial role for
developing cognizance in society so e-government service is obliged to integrate with educational system.
In this work we proposed a novel framework for integrating educational service within e-government
services. One of the main tasks of this paper is to explore or propose a Secure Examination Management
System (SEMS). The system has been designed using cryptographic primitives, which enables students to
take the exam from anywhere. The student is allowed to take the exam after he gives his necessary
authentication details. In SEMS, it is important to exclude false students while ensuring the privacy for the
honest students. It allows evaluators to share student examination papers for evaluation with proper
authentication. This is done using digital signatures, authentication and confidentiality provided by public
key cryptographic system.
An Efficient Methodology To Develop A Secured E-Learning System Using Cloud C...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Now-a-days, each and every action involved in our life becomes computerized in order to reduce the time, complexity and manual power. The education systems are also being computerized, to train the students in a much efficient way. This system is termed as E-Learning. E-Learning is an Internet-based learning process, in which the Internet technology is used to design, implement, manage and extend learning, which will improve the efficiency of learning. Learning, Teaching and Training are intensely connected components, which are all included in the development of E-Learning system. Cloud Computing provides an efficient platform to support the E-Learning systems, as it can be dramatically changes over time .In this paper, an overview on the new emerging E-Learning system , utilization of the SAAS (Software as a Service) and the methodology to test the efficiency of the person in a secured way are described.
Predicting students’ intention to continue business courses on online platfor...Samsul Alam
The objective of this study was to analyze the intention of a University's business department students to continue their studies on e-learning platforms during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, a questionnaire was developed to collect primary data from students in business fields. The study took into account more than 285 respondents from two different universities and relied on the expectation confirmation model (ECM) theory and the structural equation model. The partial least squares (SEM-PLS) method was used to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that task skills (TS) and task challenges (TC) were significant for the enjoyment (EN) of the students which in turn had a positive effect on the satisfaction levels. Confirmation (CON) had an impact on the post adoption perceived usefulness (PAPU), which was deemed positive for student satisfaction (SAT). The SAT and psychological safety (PS) of online learning platforms were found to positively influence the continuance intention (CI) on e-learning platforms. Finally, both SAT and PS of online learning platforms were observed to positively influence CI on e-learning platforms. Further research in this area could be useful in making decisions about promoting educational programs based on e-learning. The researchers recommend that academicians and policymakers must ensure appropriate arrangements for teaching on e-learning platforms.
Sentimental classification analysis of polarity multi-view textual data using...IJECEIAES
The data and information available in most community environments is complex in nature. Sentimental data resources may possibly consist of textual data collected from multiple information sources with different representations and usually handled by different analytical models. These types of data resource characteristics can form multi-view polarity textual data. However, knowledge creation from this type of sentimental textual data requires considerable analytical efforts and capabilities. In particular, data mining practices can provide exceptional results in handling textual data formats. Besides, in the case of the textual data exists as multi-view or unstructured data formats, the hybrid and integrated analysis efforts of text data mining algorithms are vital to get helpful results. The objective of this research is to enhance the knowledge discovery from sentimental multi-view textual data which can be considered as unstructured data format to classify the polarity information documents in the form of two different categories or types of useful information. A proposed framework with integrated data mining algorithms has been discussed in this paper, which is achieved through the application of X-means algorithm for clustering and HotSpot algorithm of association rules. The analysis results have shown improved accuracies of classifying the sentimental multi-view textual data into two categories through the application of the proposed framework on online polarity user-reviews dataset upon a given topics.
Social Media Success Model for Knowledge Sharing (Scale Development and Valid...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This study aimed to evaluate the success of social media as a means of sharing knowledge among scholars in Indonesia. By using Information System Success Model (DeLone and McLean), this study develops a research model that will be used to investigate what factors are contributing to the success of social media as tool for sharing knowledge among academics. This article would focus on the discussion of instrument development and validation process. The method for development and validation the research instrument was refers to the framework proposed by McKanzie et al. This study resulted in a validated instrument, the instrument could use by researchers who are interested in study social media success for knowledge sharing.
From the Editor's Desk: 115th Father's day Celebration - When we see Father's day in Hindu context, Nanda Baba is the most vivid figure which comes to the mind. Nanda Baba who was the foster father of Lord Krishna is known to provide love, care and affection to Lord Krishna and Balarama along with his wife Yashoda; Letter’s to the Editor: Mother's Day - Mother is a precious life for their children. Mother is life breath for her children. Mother's lap is the world happiness whose debt can never be paid.
As a film director, I have always been awestruck by the magic of animation. Animation, a medium once considered solely for the amusement of children, has undergone a significant transformation over the years. Its evolution from a rudimentary form of entertainment to a sophisticated form of storytelling has stirred my creativity and expanded my vision, offering limitless possibilities in the realm of cinematic storytelling.
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The new people generation Z can be viewed in terms of software engineering as specific users who have high requirements regarding the functions and interface of the software applications, connectivity to social networks and instant communication via the Internet. In recent years, the number of electronic learning systems increased, but students are still not motivated to learn. This requires developing new conceptual models of training and learning software, tailored to the skills and preferences of the end-users. The young students: from kindergartens to preschools and primary schools are special users who have not been studied exhaustively. To present the problem related to the development of learning and training software thoroughly, the most commonly used standards and current trends, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of LMS platforms have been reviewed. The commonly used software design and development technologies have been discussed. We proposed a strategy for developing a web-based e-learning management system according to the possibilities of young pupils as a specific user. We described a software architecture, based on SCORM's specification, and we developed an LMS prototype. The basic methodology used in the design and creation of the system we propose is user-centered design.
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Exploring Cloud Computing Adoption in Higher Educational Environment: An Extension of the Tpb Model With Trust,
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Unlocking digital literacy practices of EFL teachersEkoPurwanti1
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authentication details. In SEMS, it is important to exclude false students while ensuring the privacy for the
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Monday, June 3, 2024 - Episode 241: Sergeant Rathebe nabs a top scammer in Turfloop. Meikie is furious at her uncle's reaction to the truth about Ntswaki.
Tuesday, June 4, 2024 - Episode 242: Babeile uncovers the truth behind Rathebe’s latest actions. Leeto's announcement shocks his employees, and Ntswaki’s ordeal haunts her family.
Wednesday, June 5, 2024 - Episode 243: Rathebe blocks Babeile from investigating further. Melita warns Eunice to stay clear of Mr. Kgomo.
Thursday, June 6, 2024 - Episode 244: Tbose surrenders to the police while an intruder meddles in his affairs. Rathebe's secret mission faces a setback.
Friday, June 7, 2024 - Episode 245: Rathebe’s antics reach Kganyago. Tbose dodges a bullet, but a nightmare looms. Mr. Kgomo accuses Melita of witchcraft.
Monday, June 10, 2024 - Episode 246: Ntswaki struggles on her first day back at school. Babeile is stunned by Rathebe’s romance with Bullet Mabuza.
Tuesday, June 11, 2024 - Episode 247: An unexpected turn halts Rathebe’s investigation. The press discovers Mr. Kgomo’s affair with a young employee.
Wednesday, June 12, 2024 - Episode 248: Rathebe chases a criminal, resorting to gunfire. Turf High is rife with tension and transfer threats.
Thursday, June 13, 2024 - Episode 249: Rathebe traps Kganyago. John warns Toby to stop harassing Ntswaki.
Friday, June 14, 2024 - Episode 250: Babeile is cleared to investigate Rathebe. Melita gains Mr. Kgomo’s trust, and Jacobeth devises a financial solution.
Monday, June 17, 2024 - Episode 251: Rathebe feels the pressure as Babeile closes in. Mr. Kgomo and Eunice clash. Jacobeth risks her safety in pursuit of Kganyago.
Tuesday, June 18, 2024 - Episode 252: Bullet Mabuza retaliates against Jacobeth. Pitsi inadvertently reveals his parents’ plans. Nkosi is shocked by Khwezi’s decision on LJ’s future.
Wednesday, June 19, 2024 - Episode 253: Jacobeth is ensnared in deceit. Evelyn is stressed over Toby’s case, and Letetswe reveals shocking academic results.
Thursday, June 20, 2024 - Episode 254: Elizabeth learns Jacobeth is in Mpumalanga. Kganyago's past is exposed, and Lehasa discovers his son is in KZN.
Friday, June 21, 2024 - Episode 255: Elizabeth confirms Jacobeth’s dubious activities in Mpumalanga. Rathebe lies about her relationship with Bullet, and Jacobeth faces theft accusations.
Monday, June 24, 2024 - Episode 256: Rathebe spies on Kganyago. Lehasa plans to retrieve his son from KZN, fearing what awaits.
Tuesday, June 25, 2024 - Episode 257: MaNtuli fears for Kwaito’s safety in Mpumalanga. Mr. Kgomo and Melita reconcile.
Wednesday, June 26, 2024 - Episode 258: Kganyago makes a bold escape. Elizabeth receives a shocking message from Kwaito. Mrs. Khoza defends her husband against scam accusations.
Thursday, June 27, 2024 - Episode 259: Babeile's skillful arrest changes the game. Tbose and Kwaito face a hostage crisis.
Friday, June 28, 2024 - Episode 260: Two women face the reality of being scammed. Turf is rocked by breaking
In the vast landscape of cinema, stories have been told, retold, and reimagined in countless ways. At the heart of this narrative evolution lies the concept of a "remake". A successful remake allows us to revisit cherished tales through a fresh lens, often reflecting a different era's perspective or harnessing the power of advanced technology. Yet, the question remains, what makes a remake successful? Today, we will delve deeper into this subject, identifying the key ingredients that contribute to the success of a remake.
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Create a Seamless Viewing Experience with Your Own Custom OTT Player.pdfGenny Knight
As the popularity of online streaming continues to rise, the significance of providing outstanding viewing experiences cannot be emphasized enough. Tailored OTT players present a robust solution for service providers aiming to enhance their offerings and engage audiences in a competitive market. Through embracing customization, companies can craft immersive, individualized experiences that effectively hold viewers' attention, entertain them, and encourage repeat usage.
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philos...Rodney Thomas Jr
#SSAPhilosophy #DjangoUnchained #DjangoFreeman #ExistentialPhilosophy #Freedom #Identity #Justice #Courage #Rebellion #Transformation
Welcome to SSA Philosophy, your ultimate destination for diving deep into the profound philosophies of iconic characters from video games, movies, and TV shows. In this episode, we explore the powerful journey and existential philosophy of Django Freeman from Quentin Tarantino’s masterful film, "Django Unchained," in our video titled, "From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philosophy of Django Freeman!"
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained – The Philosophy of Django Freeman!
Join me as we delve into the existential philosophy of Django Freeman, uncovering the profound lessons and timeless wisdom his character offers. Through his story, we find inspiration in the power of choice, the quest for justice, and the courage to defy oppression. Django Freeman’s philosophy is a testament to the human spirit’s unyielding drive for freedom and justice.
Don’t forget to like, comment, and subscribe to SSA Philosophy for more in-depth explorations of the philosophies behind your favorite characters. Hit the notification bell to stay updated on our latest videos. Let’s discover the principles that shape these icons and the profound lessons they offer.
Django Freeman’s story is one of the most compelling narratives of transformation and empowerment in cinema. A former slave turned relentless bounty hunter, Django’s journey is not just a physical liberation but an existential quest for identity, justice, and retribution. This video delves into the core philosophical elements that define Django’s character and the profound choices he makes throughout his journey.
Link to video: https://youtu.be/GszqrXk38qk
Scandal! Teasers June 2024 on etv Forum.co.zaIsaac More
Monday, 3 June 2024
Episode 47
A friend is compelled to expose a manipulative scheme to prevent another from making a grave mistake. In a frantic bid to save Jojo, Phakamile agrees to a meeting that unbeknownst to her, will seal her fate.
Tuesday, 4 June 2024
Episode 48
A mother, with her son's best interests at heart, finds him unready to heed her advice. Motshabi finds herself in an unmanageable situation, sinking fast like in quicksand.
Wednesday, 5 June 2024
Episode 49
A woman fabricates a diabolical lie to cover up an indiscretion. Overwhelmed by guilt, she makes a spontaneous confession that could be devastating to another heart.
Thursday, 6 June 2024
Episode 50
Linda unwittingly discloses damning information. Nhlamulo and Vuvu try to guide their friend towards the right decision.
Friday, 7 June 2024
Episode 51
Jojo's life continues to spiral out of control. Dintle weaves a web of lies to conceal that she is not as successful as everyone believes.
Monday, 10 June 2024
Episode 52
A heated confrontation between lovers leads to a devastating admission of guilt. Dintle's desperation takes a new turn, leaving her with dwindling options.
Tuesday, 11 June 2024
Episode 53
Unable to resort to violence, Taps issues a verbal threat, leaving Mdala unsettled. A sister must explain her life choices to regain her brother's trust.
Wednesday, 12 June 2024
Episode 54
Winnie makes a very troubling discovery. Taps follows through on his threat, leaving a woman reeling. Layla, oblivious to the truth, offers an incentive.
Thursday, 13 June 2024
Episode 55
A nosy relative arrives just in time to thwart a man's fatal decision. Dintle manipulates Khanyi to tug at Mo's heartstrings and get what she wants.
Friday, 14 June 2024
Episode 56
Tlhogi is shocked by Mdala's reaction following the revelation of their indiscretion. Jojo is in disbelief when the punishment for his crime is revealed.
Monday, 17 June 2024
Episode 57
A woman reprimands another to stay in her lane, leading to a damning revelation. A man decides to leave his broken life behind.
Tuesday, 18 June 2024
Episode 58
Nhlamulo learns that due to his actions, his worst fears have come true. Caiphus' extravagant promises to suppliers get him into trouble with Ndu.
Wednesday, 19 June 2024
Episode 59
A woman manages to kill two birds with one stone. Business doom looms over Chillax. A sobering incident makes a woman realize how far she's fallen.
Thursday, 20 June 2024
Episode 60
Taps' offer to help Nhlamulo comes with hidden motives. Caiphus' new ideas for Chillax have MaHilda excited. A blast from the past recognizes Dintle, not for her newfound fame.
Friday, 21 June 2024
Episode 61
Taps is hungry for revenge and finds a rope to hang Mdala with. Chillax's new job opportunity elicits mixed reactions from the public. Roommates' initial meeting starts off on the wrong foot.
Monday, 24 June 2024
Episode 62
Taps seizes new information and recruits someone on the inside. Mary's new job
Matt Rife Cancels Shows Due to Health Concerns, Reschedules Tour Dates.pdfAzura Everhart
Matt Rife's comedy tour took an unexpected turn. He had to cancel his Bloomington show due to a last-minute medical emergency. Fans in Chicago will also have to wait a bit longer for their laughs, as his shows there are postponed. Rife apologized and assured fans he'd be back on stage soon.
https://www.theurbancrews.com/celeb/matt-rife-cancels-bloomington-show/
Young Tom Selleck: A Journey Through His Early Years and Rise to Stardomgreendigital
Introduction
When one thinks of Hollywood legends, Tom Selleck is a name that comes to mind. Known for his charming smile, rugged good looks. and the iconic mustache that has become synonymous with his persona. Tom Selleck has had a prolific career spanning decades. But, the journey of young Tom Selleck, from his early years to becoming a household name. is a story filled with determination, talent, and a touch of luck. This article delves into young Tom Selleck's life, background, early struggles. and pivotal moments that led to his rise in Hollywood.
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Early Life and Background
Family Roots and Childhood
Thomas William Selleck was born in Detroit, Michigan, on January 29, 1945. He was the second of four children in a close-knit family. His father, Robert Dean Selleck, was a real estate investor and executive. while his mother, Martha Selleck, was a homemaker. The Selleck family relocated to Sherman Oaks, California. when Tom was a child, setting the stage for his future in the entertainment industry.
Education and Early Interests
Growing up, young Tom Selleck was an active and athletic child. He attended Grant High School in Van Nuys, California. where he excelled in sports, particularly basketball. His tall and athletic build made him a standout player, and he earned a basketball scholarship to the University of Southern California (U.S.C.). While at U.S.C., Selleck studied business administration. but his interests shifted toward acting.
Discovery of Acting Passion
Tom Selleck's journey into acting was serendipitous. During his time at U.S.C., a drama coach encouraged him to try acting. This nudge led him to join the Hills Playhouse, where he began honing his craft. Transitioning from an aspiring athlete to an actor took time. but young Tom Selleck became drawn to the performance world.
Early Career Struggles
Breaking Into the Industry
The path to stardom was a challenging one for young Tom Selleck. Like many aspiring actors, he faced many rejections and struggled to find steady work. A series of minor roles and guest appearances on television shows marked his early career. In 1965, he debuted on the syndicated show "The Dating Game." which gave him some exposure but did not lead to immediate success.
The Commercial Breakthrough
During the late 1960s and early 1970s, Selleck began appearing in television commercials. His rugged good looks and charismatic presence made him a popular brand choice. He starred in advertisements for Pepsi-Cola, Revlon, and Close-Up toothpaste. These commercials provided financial stability and helped him gain visibility in the industry.
Struggling Actor in Hollywood
Despite his success in commercials. breaking into large acting roles remained a challenge for young Tom Selleck. He auditioned and took on small parts in T.V. shows and movies. Some of his early television appearances included roles in popular series like Lancer, The F.B.I., and Bracken's World. But, it would take a
Young Tom Selleck: A Journey Through His Early Years and Rise to Stardom
CLOUD COMPUTING AND CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS: A CASE STUDY IN MACEDONIAN EDUCATION
1. International Journal on Cloud Computing: Services and Architecture (IJCCSA) Vol. 7, No. 5, October 2017
DOI: 10.5121/ijccsa.2017.7501 1
CLOUD COMPUTING AND CONTENT MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS: A CASE STUDY IN MACEDONIAN
EDUCATION
Jove Jankulovski1
and Pece Mitrevski2
Faculty of Information and Communication Technologies,
University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Bitola, Republic of Macedonia
ABSTRACT
Technologies have become inseparable of our lives, economy, and the society as a whole. For example,
clouds provide numerous computing resources that can facilitate our lives, whereas the Content
Management Systems (CMSs) can provide the right content for the right user. Thus, education must
embrace these emerging technologies in order to prepare citizens for the 21st
century. The research
explored ‘if’ and ‘how’ Cloud Computing influences the application of CMSs, and ‘if’ and ‘how’ it fosters
the usage of mobile technologies to access cloud resources. The analyses revealed that some of the
respondents have sound experience in using clouds and in using CMSs. Nevertheless, it was evident that
significant number of respondents have limited or no experience in cloud computing concepts, cloud
security and CMSs, as well. Institutions of the system should update educational policies in order to enable
education innovation, provide means and support, and continuously update/upgrade educational
infrastructure.
KEYWORDS
ICT, Cloud Computing, Content Management Systems, Education, Questionnaire
1. INTRODUCTION
The development of information and communication technologies – ICTs results into inevitable
penetration of ICTs and Internet into every pore of our lives. At least once, every one of us did
some actions online: checked web-based e-mail, changed image size online, edited A/V record,
stored data, surveyed or took part in surveys, used various forms/templates, used software. All of
this was done somewhere in the clouds without we possessing/using software locally or engaging
local processing/computing resources. Clouds and cloud computing are available for a period of
time. Each one of us used cloud resources, sometimes even without being aware of that,
regardless of the services used: software, platform, infrastructure [1]. Research done by Version
One in the UK, referred to on the blog of Load Storm in June 2009, reveals that at the early days
of cloud computing: “41% of senior IT professionals (IT Directors/Managers in UK firms) admit
that they “don’t know” what cloud computing is”; and “66% of UK senior finance professionals
(finance directors and managers) are confused about cloud computing” [2]. In such case, series of
questions logically arise: Are we aware of the benefits and challenges of cloud computing? To
what extent we are exploring possibilities that are available? Do we know enough about the
possibilities? How much we used the possibilities? Are we aware of the challenges/ risks of cloud
computing? What do we do to minimise challenges/risks? Do we have a backup plan to protect
ourselves from challenges/risks that come with clouds?
Currently, the volume of information available on the Internet is continuously increasing as new
content is published each second. Under these circumstances a number of challenges emerge:
How do we maintain attractiveness of digital products and services in the infinite pool of digital
content and information? How do we secure accurate and up to date content? How do we update
web quickly and easily without losing links? Luckily, content management systems – CMSs are
2. International Journal on Cloud Computing: Services and Architecture (IJCCSA) Vol. 7, No. 5, October 2017
2
developed to facilitate our lives in this domain. CMSs support creation, management, distribution
and publication of content, including corporate. They secure the right information for the right
user; organise and provide access to all types of digital content; contain information about files
and links to files for easy location and access. Such systems can encompass whole content created
in an organisation.
Considering the above mentioned context, the education cannot function isolated from these
trends and tendencies. It is clear that influence of globalisation and ICTs over education is
enormous and has numerous and significant implications. Logically, the education should
embrace these challenges and adjust its modus operandi in order to support building of digital
citizenship. Therefore, the aim of this research was to examine ‘if’ and ‘how’ the application of
cloud computing influences the application of CMSs and ‘if’ and ‘how’ it fosters usage of mobile
devices to access cloud resources in the educational system in the Republic of Macedonia. In the
remainder of this paper we discuss the elements of the research methodology in Section 2, present
a selection of research findings in Section 3, and draw some conclusions and recommendations in
Section 4.
2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ELEMENTS
The research methodology was constructed around the guiding/general hypothesis of the research:
“Application of cloud computing concepts fosters application of content management systems in
the educational system in Macedonia”. The design of the research was exploratory case study [3]
in order to enable phenomena description in the current contextual setting. The primary research
target was put on teachers in primary and secondary schools in Macedonia. Such population was
heterogeneous from diverse aspects and contributes to the research comprehensiveness, as well
as, to the research results. Limited number of students was encompassed as minor group with a
secondary focus. The intention was to check if there will be a difference, and its potential extent,
between considerations and perspective of various actors and age groups in the education related
to the interest spheres of this research. From the population of all teachers and students in public
primary and secondary schools, teachers and students in urban public primary and secondary
schools were stratified [4]. In the framework of the research were scoped 178 teachers and
students from urban schools in 10 cities throughout Republic of Macedonia. The sample was
representative as it included geographically distributed schools; covered all types of public
schools: primary schools, secondary vocational schools, and secondary high schools. The data
gathering was done with a questionnaire that contained 12 close-ended questions and 8 open-
ended questions. In the introductory section of the questionnaire were described key terms and
notions, and some examples were provided, respectively. To this end, to further facilitate the
process of filling in the questionnaire, there were illustrative examples for some of the open-
ended questions. Like this, the questionnaire was easy to understand and was easy to fill in. It was
prepared and published in Google Forms, easily accessible. Despite the possibility that Google
Forms offer – compulsory response to each of the questions, this possibility was not used as it
could have been expected that some of the respondents were not experienced enough in the target
areas, thus might not have an opinion or might not feel confident to reply to some of the
questions. At the same time, the intention was to compare how much received responses differ
from provided examples in order to acquire an indication on experience of respondents in using
clouds and content management systems. The link, accompanied with a request and directions,
was distributed to sampled schools.
The data gathered via received responses on the survey undergone statistical analysis. All of the
questions were analysed one by one. In addition, one of the analytical approaches applied was
cross-tabulation. With this tool frequency of answers from two or more questions were combined
in order to derive better insight of the views and perspectives of respondents regarding cloud
3. International Journal on Cloud Computing: Services and Architecture (IJCCSA) Vol. 7, No. 5, October 2017
3
computing and content management systems. To this end, selected findings are presented in this
paper in order to illustrate the most specific considerations from this research.
3. SELECTED RESEARCH FINDINGS
The gender, the age, and the school types of the respondents match the distribution of teachers
across these criteria in all schools in the Republic of Macedonia. Therefore, the research scoping
was well balanced and established solid grounds for valid and relevant research outcomes.
The broadband Internet coverage in Macedonia is more than 90% of the territory, and more than
95% of the public educational institutions. Also, Macedonia has the strongest IP backbone
installed in the region. In addition, educational institutions are highly equipped with computers
and laptops that practically each student can individually use a computer in school and each
teacher can individually use laptop at work or at home. Still, during the research, the following
finding surfaced: teachers prefer to fill in paper copy of the questionnaire instead of the digital
version available online.
3.1. ANALYSIS OF SELECTED QUESTIONS
The existing ICT infrastructure in the country is predominantly installed 10 years ago. Therefore,
it was expected teachers to have long experience in using ICTs. The analysis confirmed this
expectation. The received responses presented on the following figure show that respondents, use
ICTs between 3 and 10 years (≈61% for professional purposes and ≈46% for private purposes),
predominantly. Also, number of respondents who use ICTs more than 10 years is significant
(≈22% for professional purposes and ≈34% for private purposes), especially for private purposes.
This finding provides solid research foundation as scoped respondents have considerably long
ICT experience. Consequently, answers provide realistic picture of the state-of-art situation
regarding the application of cloud computing concept and its potential influences on application
of content management system in the educational system in Macedonia.
Figure 1. Distribution of respondents across years of experience in using ICTs:
(a) professional purposes, and (b) private purposes
The research touched upon the experience of respondents in using clouds and CMSs. The
received results are given on the Figure 2. It is apparent that respondents are more experienced in
using clouds compared to CMSs. Also, from the below figure is clear that the respondents did not
provide response (≈7% for clouds and ≈42% for CMS) and that number of respondents that have
limited experience (less than a year is ≈12% for clouds and ≈22% for CMS) should not be
neglected, especially when it comes to usage of CMSs. This is indicative as it shows that
although respondents are relatively experienced in using ICTs, they have some gaps or
reservations in using clouds, and they lack experience or confidence in using CMSs.
4. International Journal on Cloud Computing: Services and Architecture (IJCCSA) Vol. 7, No. 5, October 2017
4
Figure 2. Distribution of respondents across years of experience in using:
(a) clouds, and (b) content management systems – CMSs
The question regarding fostering effect of cloud services on application of CMSs revealed that
predominant percent of the respondents (42%) think that cloud services foster, moderately or
significantly, application of CMSs. From the Figure 3 it is also evident that 38% of the
respondents did not respond, which is relatively high percentage. This denotes that these
respondents do not know whether cloud services influence the application of CMSs, or not, if at
all.
Figure 3. Cloud services foster intensity on application of CMSs
Awareness about the security of data and applications in the cloud was and is important issue that
deserves attention, especially, due to the fact that security in non-cloud-based IT systems is much
simpler and differs from the security in cloud-based IT systems [5]. Therefore, the respondents
were asked about their opinion/awareness regarding the security of data transferred to a cloud. It
is interesting to observe that 38% of the respondents did not have an opinion, 7% did not respond,
and 3% tend not to use cloud for data storage. All of these responses present misconception, or
incomplete awareness among respondents about security of data in a cloud.
5. International Journal on Cloud Computing: Services and Architecture (IJCCSA) Vol. 7, No. 5, October 2017
5
Figure 4. Awareness regarding cloud data security
Smart phones, tablets, and other handheld devices are inseparable part of our everyday work,
daily routines, life. They are surely taking over our private time; becoming all kinds of libraries
that we want/need; are handy personal and professional assistants and/or learning devices; even
are repositories of our digitalised life and personal/private data. Hence, it can be considered that
we use these kinds of devices for multiple purposes at arbitrary moments in time. Considering
this, the research checked the cloud services facilitation extent on the usage of mobile / handheld
devices in comparison to stationary devices. It can be noted that dominant percent of respondents
think that extent of facilitation is moderate (38%) and significant (30%). Still, the other
alternatives (no response, not, slightly) should be considered, as they represent considerable part
of the answers pool. This shows that 32% of the respondents are not completely sure about the
cloud computing concept or how cloud services facilitate work of applications on handheld
devices.
Figure 5. Cloud services facilitate usage of handheld devices
6. International Journal on Cloud Computing: Services and Architecture (IJCCSA) Vol. 7, No. 5, October 2017
6
3.2. ANALYSIS OF SELECTED CROSS-TABULATED QUESTIONS
Cross-tabulation of questions revealed a number of eye-opening findings. One of them is cross-
tabulation of years of experience in using ICTs with awareness of respondents regarding data
security in a cloud. The data presented in the Table 1 show that respondents’ confidence in
security of data in a cloud declines with years of experience in using ICTs. Or, the more teachers
are ICT experienced the more they are reserved regarding the data security. This is an interesting
message to cloud providers as it says that experienced ICT users encountered glitches in their
work with clouds, so they developed some reservations regarding data security
.
Table 1. Cross-tabulation of experience in using ICTs and cloud data security awareness.
%
Not
secure
Not secure.
Will not use it
in case there is
an alternative
Not secure.
Ok for non
confidential
data
Secure,
including
confidential
data security
No
opinion
Total
< 1 year 16.67 16.67 33.33 16.67 16.67 100.00
1 – 3
years
0.00 4.76 14.29 33.33 47.62 100.00
3 – 10
years
7.07 2.02 21.21 30.30 39.39 100.00
> 10
years
5.13 2.56 43.59 15.38 33.33 100.00
The next finding was derived from cross-tabulation of received answers on awareness regarding
the security of data in a cloud across the age of the respondents. The finding derived from the
Table 2 speaks similarly as the previous finding – the confidence in data in a cloud is higher
among younger respondents compared to older ones – teachers. This confirms the finding that
surfaced with previous cross-tabulation. This is one of the examples proving that introduction of
minor group with secondary focus was relevant and valuable.
Table 2. Cross-tabulation of age of the respondents and cloud data security awareness.
%
Not
secure
Not secure.
Will not use it
in case there
is an
alternative
Not secure.
Ok for non
confidential
data
Secure,
including
confidential
data
security
No
opinion
Total
14 – 18
years 3.03 6.06 15.15 60.61 15.15 100
19 – 25
years 0.00 12.50 25.00 18.75 43.75 100
26 – 49
years 3.53 1.18 29.41 23.53 42.35 100
> 50 years 19.35 0.00 29.03 3.23 48.39 100
The received answers on question exploring the cloud services facilitation extent on the usage of
handheld devices in comparison to stationary devices were cross-tabulated with the gender, age
and experience in using ICTs. The table 3 informs us that genders’ opinions are similar (male
≈43% and female 42% respondents replied moderately) – cloud services are moderately
facilitating the usage of mobile / handheld devices. Or, cloud services are not determining the
usage of mobile / handheld devices, but only facilitating the usage.
7. International Journal on Cloud Computing: Services and Architecture (IJCCSA) Vol. 7, No. 5, October 2017
7
Table 3. Cross-tabulation of gender of the respondents and cloud services facilitation extent on usage of
mobile / handheld devices.
% Not Slightly Moderately Significantly Total
Male 7.41 11.11 42.59 38.89 100.00
Female 4.67 23.36 42.06 29.91 100.00
The data in Table 4 reveal that younger respondents, students and younger teachers think that
cloud services moderately facilitate usage of mobile / handheld devices. Namely, 70% of the
respondents on age 14 – 18 years, responded moderately and 69% of the respondents on age 19 –
25 years responded moderately, too. While, more senior teachers think that cloud services
significantly facilitate usage of mobile / handheld devices (26 – 49 years of age, 40% responded
significantly and older than 50 years 43% responded significantly). Or, with age, respondents
increasingly think that cloud services facilitate usage of mobile / handheld devices.
Table 4. Cross-tabulation of age of the respondents and cloud services facilitation extent on usage of
mobile / handheld devices.
% Not Slightly Moderately Significantly Total
14 – 18
years 10.00 10.00 70.00 10.00 100.00
19 – 25
years 0.00 12.50 68.75 18.75 100.00
26 – 49
years 5.88 23.53 30.59 40.00 100.00
> 50 years
3.33 20.00 33.33 43.33 100.00
The analysis of the data cross-tabulated in the Table 5 shows that, in principle, the opinion of the
respondents on cloud services facilitation extent on usage of mobile / handheld devices improves
with their experience in using ICTs. There is small difference in this consideration among the
respondents in the group of 3 – 10 years of experience in using ICTs.
Table 5. Cross-tabulation of experience in using ICTs and cloud services facilitation extent on usage of
mobile / handheld devices.
% Not Slightly Moderately Significantly Total
< 1 year 33.33 16.67 33.33 16.67 100.00
1 – 3
years 5.26 5.26 52.63 36.84 100.00
3 – 10
years 5.00 27.00 44.00 24.00 100.00
> 10 years 2.78 5.56 33.33 58.33 100.00
The duration of usage of cloud services for professional purposes (in education), if at all, is
presented on Table 6. The most prominent number of 41% (40.91%) is for respondents that used
ICTs in education for 1 to 3 years used cloud services in the same period. The more experienced
respondents (3 – 10 years or more than 10 years of ICT experience in education), used cloud
services predominantly 3 – 6 years and used even them less before 6 years.
8. International Journal on Cloud Computing: Services and Architecture (IJCCSA) Vol. 7, No. 5, October 2017
8
Table 6. Cross-tabulation of experience in using ICTs and experience in using cloud services.
% < 1 year 1 – 3 years 3 – 6 years > 6 years Total
< 1 year 20.00 40.00 40.00 0.00 100.00
1 – 3
years 31.82 40.91 18.18 9.09 100.00
3 – 10
years 7.84 33.33 33.33 25.49 100.00
> 10 years 16.22 32.43 35.14 16.22 100.00
In the primary schools, the respondents used CMSs for period up to 3 years (28.13% less than a
year and 31.25% for 1 – 3 years). The percent of respondents who used CMSs, in period up to 3
years, in the high schools are higher – 43.33%, for the same periods, respectively. While in
secondary vocational schools CMSs are predominantly used in the last year and at the same time
CMSs were used in a more balanced way over longer period of time (more than 6 years).
Experience in using CMSs varies with the different type of schools along same parameters: time
and intensity.
Table 7. Cross-tabulation of school type and experience in using CMSs
.
% < 1 year 1 – 3 years 3 – 6 years > 6 years Total
Primary school
28.13 31.25 21.88 18.75 100
Secondary high school
43.33 43.33 6.67 6.67 100
Secondary vocational
school 42.50 25.00 20.00 12.50 100
The respondents who are less experienced in ICTs used CMSs in a shorter period of time, or as
Table 8 shows, 1 – 3 years of ICT experience results into 75% of respondents using CMSs less
than a year. In principle, experience in using ICTs is directly linked with experience in using
CMSs. The only exception to this finding is the case of respondents who use ICTs for more than
10 years to use CMSs less than a year. Only 1 respondent used ICTs up to a 1 year used CMSs up
to a year, too.
Table 8. Cross-tabulation of experience in using ICTs and experience in using CMSs.
% < 1 year 1 – 3 years 3 – 6 years > 6 years Total
< 1 year 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
1 – 3 years 75.00 25.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
3 – 10
years 29.09 40.00 23.64 7.27 100.00
> 10 years
38.24 23.53 11.76 26.47 100.00
The Table 9 encompasses cross-tabulation of age of the respondents and opinion on how much
could services might foster application of CMSs. It is apparent that regardless of the age,
predominant number of the respondents thinks that cloud services moderately foster application
of CMSs.
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Table 9. Cross-tabulation of age of the respondents and cloud services fostering effect on application of
CMSs.
% Not Slightly Moderately Significantly Total
14 – 18
years 0.00 26.67 40.00 33.33 100.00
19 – 25
years 16.67 33.33 50.00 0.00 100.00
26 – 49
years 7.81 21.88 42.19 28.13 100.00
> 50 years
8.00 32.00 48.00 12.00 100.00
The respondents with ICT experience of 1 – 3 years predominantly think that cloud services
moderately (37.5%) and significantly (37.5%) foster application of CMSs, see Table 10. While
the respondents with ICT experience of 3 – 10 years and more than 10 years think that cloud
services moderately (44.07% and 44.45%, respectively) foster application of CMSs. By all
means, it is evident that significant percent of respondents think that cloud services do foster
application of CMSs.
Table 10. Cross-tabulation of experience in using ICTs and cloud services fostering effect on application
of CMSs.
% Not Slightly Moderately Significantly Total
< 1 year 0.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 100.00
1 – 3 years 6.25 18.75 37.50 37.50 100.00
3 – 10
years 3.39 32.20 44.07 20.34 100.00
> 10 years 15.15 15.15 45.45 24.24 100.00
4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Development of ICTs and internationalisation set new development roads for economies and
societies. These development trends are changing the notion of citizenship from traditional into in
digital citizenship. As a result, a shift in the requirements of skills and competencies for digital
citizens is necessary. These new skills and competences are frequently called 21st Century Skills
and Competences as these are features of the contemporary societies, only. There are numerous
attempts to identify them. Here are listed several initiatives/documents: Cisco-Intel-Microsoft
project for Assessment and Teaching for 21st
Century Skills [6]; Framework for 21st
Century
Learning [7] by the organisation Partnership for 21st
Century Learning; Organisation for
Economic Cooperation and Development – OECD introduced, in some of the OECD member
countries, Framework for Conceptualising of the 21st
Century Skills and Competencies [8];
European Commission and its Key Competences for Lifelong Learning [9]. Such trends strongly
demand from the educational systems to “equip” people, especially young, with new skills and
competencies that will enable them to exercise their digital citizenship and to contribute to life in
the knowledge based societies. Inevitably, these skills and competencies should be considered in
all phases and elements of the teaching/learning process, in preparation of future teachers, and
while using ICTs for arbitrary purposes.
Predominant number of respondents has experience in using clouds for a reasonably long time
(up to 6 years). The awareness of the respondents regarding data security in clouds speaks of
reservations in some cases when confidential data are considered and in fewer cases for non
confidential data. In principle, not negligible number of “no responses” or “no opinions” was
encountered. This means that significant number of respondents do not have enough experience,
or no experience at all, in cloud computing as a concept and are not completely aware about the
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cloud security. The research revealed that clouds are necessary for better utilisation of the mobile
technologies possibilities/resources.
The number of respondent that use CMSs is relatively low. Still, the respondents who use CMSs
think that cloud services moderately or significantly facilitate the application of CMSs. Here, it is
important to mention that respondents used CMSs only for some or limited purposes. Namely,
respondents referred only to web development as application of CMSs, which is only one of the
multiple purposes CMSs can be used for [10].
The analysis, quantitative and qualitative, showed that the respondents have tendency of not
answering few of the close-ended, as well as, some of the open-ended questions. This is
indicative and informs us that there areas targeted by those questions are not known enough to
respondents, or that they do not have experience in the areas and therefore, or that the respondents
are not feeling confident to answer.
There are teachers who have some experience in using clouds, CMSs and clouds services for
mobile technologies. Yet, these teachers cannot be expected to implement the changes on a
systemic level. In this regard, OECD research suggests that it cannot be expected students to
achieve better in countries that only invested in introduction of ICTs in education [11].
Therefore, logically, this situation requires structured and systemic approach by the institutions of
the system. It is evident that there exists urgent need, creators of the educational policies and
actors in education to be acquainted with these concepts/systems, the possibilities and risks of
their application, as much as possible, and as early as possible. The institutions of the system, in
broad terms: should update educational policies in order to enable education innovation; develop
means/tools for teachers and students to use during learning; encourage teachers and students to
use these means/tools; create pleasant learning environment; provide permanent support to
teachers and students; continuously update / upgrade created infrastructure.
More specifically, preparation of an ICT infrastructure, preferably CMS based, which directly
will support application of cloud computing, mobile technologies and CMSs in education is
necessary. Or, at minimum, preparation of materials for teachers that will provide them with
inputs which technologies can be used for which purpose in education; and how to use such
technologies. In parallel, there exists a need to initiate professional development of teachers (in-
service training) that will target these technologies / concepts. An indicative but not exhaustive
and final list of topics for professional development of teachers can be: 21st
century skills and
competences, intellectual property rights, cloud computing, using mobile technologies for
learning, purposeful application of CMSs. At the same time, the curricula of higher education
institutions should address these issues during pre-service training of future teachers. It is
necessary to update curricula, thus, application of cloud services, mobile technologies, and CMSs
is encouraged and supported. Like this, teachers’ initiative will be boosted so teachers and
students will become agents of educational innovation in teaching / learning process.
REFERENCES
[1] Liu, Fang, Tong, Jin, Mao, Jian, Bohn, Robert, Messina, John, Badger, Lee & Leaf, Dawn (2011)
NIST Cloud Computing Reference Architecture, Recommendations of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology, NIST – National Institute of Standards and Technology, Information
Technology Laboratory, Cloud Computing Program, Special Publication 500-292, Gaithersburg.
[2] Price, Scott (2009) “41% of Senior IT Leaders Don’t Know What Cloud Computing Is”,
https://loadstorm.com/2009/06/41-senior-it-leaders-dont-know-what-cloud-computing/, retrieved on
September 30th, 2017.
[3] Yin, Robert K. (2012) Applications of Case Study Research, Sage Publications, USA.
[4] Smilevski, Cvetko (2006) Методологија на истражување [Research Methodology], Faculty of
Education, Bitola, Macedonia.
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[5] Cloud Security Alliance (2011) Security Guidance for Critical Areas of Focus in Cloud
Computing,v3.0, Cloud Security Alliance.
[6] Cisco-Intel-Microsoft project (2010) http://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en_us/about/citizenship/socio-
economic/docs/ATC21S_Exec_Summary.pdf, retrieved on September 30th, 2017.
[7] Partneship for 21st Century Learning (2016) http://www.p21.org/about-us/p21-framework, retrieved
on September 30th, 2017.
[8] Ananiadou, Katerina & Claro, Magdalean (2009) “21st Century Skills and Competences for New
Millennium Learners in OECD Countries”, OECD Education Working Papers, No. 41, OECD
Publishing.
[9] European Commission, Directorate-General for Education and Culture (2007) Key competences for
lifelong learning a European Reference Framework, Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of
the European Communities, 2007.
[10] Jankulovski, Jove, Anastoska-Jankulovska, Mimoza & Mitrevski, Pece (2013) “Content Management
Systems – Unleashed Possibilities”, Proc. of the XLVIII International Scientific Conference on
Information, Communication and Energy Systems and Technologies (ICEST 2013), Vol. 2, pp. 547-
550, Ohrid, Macedonia.
[11] OECD (2015) Students, Computers and Learning: Making the Connection, PISA, OECD Publishing.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264239555-en, retrieved on September 30th, 2017.
AUTHORS
Jove Jankulovski is a PhD student at the Faculty of Information and Communication
Technologies, University “St. Kliment Ohridski” – Bitola, Republic of Macedonia. He
has long and comprehensive experience in teaching students on ICTs, computer
programming and related courses. In parallel, he has extensive experience in training
teachers on integration of ICTs in the curriculum. He set up online project based
learning infrastructure in schools in Macedonia. As a result, he took part in numerous
projects using ICTs. His research interests are e-Learning and immersive technologies.
Pece Mitrevski received his BSc and MSc degrees in Electrical Engineering and
Computer Science, and the PhD degree in Computer Science from the Ss. Cyril and
Methodius University in Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. He is currently a full professor
and Dean of the Faculty of Information and Communication Technologies, University
“St. Kliment Ohridski” – Bitola, Republic of Macedonia. His research interests include
Computer Architecture, Computer Networks, Performance and Reliability Analysis of
Computer Systems, e-Commerce, e-Government and e-Learning. He has published more than 100 papers in
journals and refereed conference proceedings and lectured extensively on these topics. He is a member of
the IEEE Computer Society and the ACM.
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ANNEX – SURVEY QUESTIONS
1. Gender male Female
2. Age 14 – 18 18 - 25 26 - 49 more than 50
3. City _____________ Enter city name
4. What is the type of school you work in or study?
primary school high school secondary vocational schools
5. How many years you have used ICTs related to your work or studying?
less than a year 1 – 3 years 3 – 10 years more than 10 years
6. How many years you have used ICTs for purposes that are not related to your work or
study?
less than a year 1 – 3 years 3 – 10 years more than 10 years
7. List clouds or clouds services that you have used or are using? (Examples of clouds and
clouds services: Google Drive, Google Cloud, Sound Cloud, Dropbox, Prezi, Microsoft
Cloud, HTC Cloud, iCloud, Samsung Cloud, CloudZilla, etc.)
________________________________________________________________________
8. List purposes for which you have used or are using clouds?
__________________________________________________________________________
9. How many years have you used clouds? (in total for all purposes for which you have
used or are using clouds)
less than a year 1 – 3 years 3 – 6 years more than 6 years
10. To what extent are the data transferred to the cloud secure?
a) Not secure
b) Not secure and if I have an option, I will not use a cloud
c) Not secure, but for non confidential data using cloud is ok
d) Secure for data of confidential nature
e) Have no opinion regarding this question
11. To what extent cloud services facilitate the usage of mobile / handheld devices (for
example, mobile phones, tablets, palm computers and other similar devices) to access a cloud
compared to the stationary devices?
a) Does not facilitate
b) Slightly facilitates
c) Moderately facilitates
d) Significantly facilitates
12. Describe your thinking regarding your answer to the previous question:
________________________________________________________________________
13. Rank the necessity of clouds for better facilitation of the mobile devices possibilities (for
example phones, tablets, and other similar devices). 1 is the lowest, 10 is the highest.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
14. For which purpose/application potential clouds in the Republic of Macedonia can be
introduced (for example: education, e-commerce, information and document needs of
citizens)? _________________________________________________________________
15. List content management systems that you used or are using (examples: WordPress,
Joomla, Drupal, Plone, etc.)? __________________________________________________
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16. List the purposes for which you have used or are using content management systems?
__________________________________________________________________________
17. For how many years in total you had used content management systems (in total for all of
the purposes for which you had used or are using content management systems)?
less than a year 1 – 3 years 3 – 6 years more than 6 years
18. To what extent cloud service fosters application of content management systems?
a) Does not foster
b) Slightly fosters
c) Moderately fosters
d) Significantly fosters
19. Describe your thinking regarding your answer to the previous question:
_________________________________________________________________________
20. For which purpose/application can content management systems be used the most in the
Republic of Macedonia?
(Multiple responses are possible)
a) For the needs of instruction implementation in the educational system (primary,
secondary, high)
b) For the needs of preparation of teaching materials and teaching means in the educational
system
c) For following (controlling) the work of the personnel
d) For permanent access to existing database, or creation of new databases
e) As a platform for collaboration and/or for communication
Other ______________________________________________________________________