Glutathione (also known as "the Master Antioxidant") is a powerful substance produced and used by all cells of the body. Glutathione has a broad repertoire of clinically proven health benefits.
Glutathione - This Master Antioxidant is Anti-Agingwheymania
Glutathione is the master antioxidant, the 'food' for your immune system, and a major detoxifier of of your body. It also holds incredible anti-aging secrets. So, where do you get Glutathione? It's important to realize that glutathione is produced within your cells from three amino acids. Non-denatured whey protein is one the the most effective ways for your body to get the necessary building blocks, amino acids, to synthesize Glutathione.
Learn about Action Whey, the all natural whey protein that is endorsed by Bodybuilding Champion Steve Brisbois and triple-board certified physician, Dr. Mark Houston.
http://www.wholefoodsfranchise.com
Action Whey by Emerald Express is a 100% natural whey protein. When looking for a whey protein, it's important to know what to look for. The human body was not designed to consume protein in an isolated form devoid of its nutritional cofactors. Most isolates are over-processed, thus destroying the fragile protein structure and rendering them deficient in key amino acids and immune-supporting nutrients.
Action Whey is a high-quality non-dentured, biologically active whey protein concentrate. Taking this type of whey protein is the absolute best, all natural and safest way to support glutathione levels. Action Whey contains the necessary amino acids / precursors to naturally increase levels of this Master Antioxidant within the cell. Action Whey is derived from grass-fed cow's milk. It provides a superior profile of nutrients. It is cold-processed from fresh raw organic milk without the use of acids / ion exchange. This ensures maximum biological value while providing the full spectrum of immune-supporting components. All ingredients are 100% natural food-based ingredients, hormone-free, pesticide-free, and GMO-free. Emerald Express has definitely brought the best experts and raw materials in the industry together and are delivering the greatest non-denatured, bio-active whey protein to the consumer.
What's amazing too is ... it tastes incredibly great, like a real milkshake.
Buy Action Whey retail or wholesale @ http://www.wholefoodsfranchise.com
Action Whey and Emerald Express will be featured on national television Spring 2010 for this amazing product with potent antioxidant properties.
Our Retail Website is http://global.myemeraldstore.com
At Max International, we understand that quality is important to you, the consumer. You trust us to provide safe and efficacious products, and maintaining your trust in us is paramount. To that end, we adhere to manufacturing processes that meet or exceed the most stringent standards in the world. No expense is spared and every effort is made to guarantee quality, safety, and efficacy during each step of production:
As you review the step-by-step process that we use to create our world-class dietary supplements, you will understand that quality truly matters at Max International.
A happy gut does not only helps in improving your immune system but also has a positive effect on your mood swings and brain. C.A.R.E. of your gut is important - Cleanse, Activate, Restore and Enhance. So what is your gut telling you? Cause, in the end, your gut feeling is always right. True. Here is everything you need to know about a healthy gut...
Microbiota, Vitamin D Receptor and Autoimmuityfathi neana
1. Vitamins are substances which usually cannot be made by the body itself.
2. The body synthesizes vitamin D from 7-dehydro-cholesterol. Vitamin D is not a vitamin, it is a Gene-Transcriptional-Activator, a paracrine steroid hormone. It is the primary ligand which activate VDR
3. Deactivated VDR causes down regulation of the innate immunity. The burden on adaptive immunity increases creating a state of chronic inflammation with possible maladaptation and autoimmunity
4. What causes VDR deactivation is mostly a state of chronic inflammation caused by the pathogens associated with dysbiosis or leaky gut
5. VDR deactivation lead to Increased 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin-D (calcitriol) as there is no consumption and no breakdown
6. Sunshine, dietry and Ingested Vitamin D are preparing the precursors of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin-D (calcitriol)in the presence of good liver and kidney function
7. 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin-D (calcitriol) is the active form which act as the primary ligand for VDR
8. Olmesartan, a VDR agonist, restores innate immune activity, allows (slow) recovery from advanced disease.
9. Treatment on the long term should be directed to reactivation of VDR by the Natural Ways that Increase Calcitrol and Vitamin D Receptor Gene Expression
10. restoring a balanced Microbiota and overcoming the leaky gut play a major rule in VDR reactivation
Glutathione - This Master Antioxidant is Anti-Agingwheymania
Glutathione is the master antioxidant, the 'food' for your immune system, and a major detoxifier of of your body. It also holds incredible anti-aging secrets. So, where do you get Glutathione? It's important to realize that glutathione is produced within your cells from three amino acids. Non-denatured whey protein is one the the most effective ways for your body to get the necessary building blocks, amino acids, to synthesize Glutathione.
Learn about Action Whey, the all natural whey protein that is endorsed by Bodybuilding Champion Steve Brisbois and triple-board certified physician, Dr. Mark Houston.
http://www.wholefoodsfranchise.com
Action Whey by Emerald Express is a 100% natural whey protein. When looking for a whey protein, it's important to know what to look for. The human body was not designed to consume protein in an isolated form devoid of its nutritional cofactors. Most isolates are over-processed, thus destroying the fragile protein structure and rendering them deficient in key amino acids and immune-supporting nutrients.
Action Whey is a high-quality non-dentured, biologically active whey protein concentrate. Taking this type of whey protein is the absolute best, all natural and safest way to support glutathione levels. Action Whey contains the necessary amino acids / precursors to naturally increase levels of this Master Antioxidant within the cell. Action Whey is derived from grass-fed cow's milk. It provides a superior profile of nutrients. It is cold-processed from fresh raw organic milk without the use of acids / ion exchange. This ensures maximum biological value while providing the full spectrum of immune-supporting components. All ingredients are 100% natural food-based ingredients, hormone-free, pesticide-free, and GMO-free. Emerald Express has definitely brought the best experts and raw materials in the industry together and are delivering the greatest non-denatured, bio-active whey protein to the consumer.
What's amazing too is ... it tastes incredibly great, like a real milkshake.
Buy Action Whey retail or wholesale @ http://www.wholefoodsfranchise.com
Action Whey and Emerald Express will be featured on national television Spring 2010 for this amazing product with potent antioxidant properties.
Our Retail Website is http://global.myemeraldstore.com
At Max International, we understand that quality is important to you, the consumer. You trust us to provide safe and efficacious products, and maintaining your trust in us is paramount. To that end, we adhere to manufacturing processes that meet or exceed the most stringent standards in the world. No expense is spared and every effort is made to guarantee quality, safety, and efficacy during each step of production:
As you review the step-by-step process that we use to create our world-class dietary supplements, you will understand that quality truly matters at Max International.
A happy gut does not only helps in improving your immune system but also has a positive effect on your mood swings and brain. C.A.R.E. of your gut is important - Cleanse, Activate, Restore and Enhance. So what is your gut telling you? Cause, in the end, your gut feeling is always right. True. Here is everything you need to know about a healthy gut...
Microbiota, Vitamin D Receptor and Autoimmuityfathi neana
1. Vitamins are substances which usually cannot be made by the body itself.
2. The body synthesizes vitamin D from 7-dehydro-cholesterol. Vitamin D is not a vitamin, it is a Gene-Transcriptional-Activator, a paracrine steroid hormone. It is the primary ligand which activate VDR
3. Deactivated VDR causes down regulation of the innate immunity. The burden on adaptive immunity increases creating a state of chronic inflammation with possible maladaptation and autoimmunity
4. What causes VDR deactivation is mostly a state of chronic inflammation caused by the pathogens associated with dysbiosis or leaky gut
5. VDR deactivation lead to Increased 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin-D (calcitriol) as there is no consumption and no breakdown
6. Sunshine, dietry and Ingested Vitamin D are preparing the precursors of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin-D (calcitriol)in the presence of good liver and kidney function
7. 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin-D (calcitriol) is the active form which act as the primary ligand for VDR
8. Olmesartan, a VDR agonist, restores innate immune activity, allows (slow) recovery from advanced disease.
9. Treatment on the long term should be directed to reactivation of VDR by the Natural Ways that Increase Calcitrol and Vitamin D Receptor Gene Expression
10. restoring a balanced Microbiota and overcoming the leaky gut play a major rule in VDR reactivation
A Comprehensive Introduction to Vitamins and its chemistry, source, RDA, classification, deficiency states and biological importance. This will give readers a overall insight to this topic.
Recent updates about Vitamin D (sunshine vitamin) & bone health. Co-testing of vitamin D(25-OH vitamin D) along with PTH is a scientific, holistic approach for diagnosis & monitoring of vitamin D deficiency.
Glutathione is the essential antioxidant for body health help, a strengthener, and Immune stimulant. This small protein, naturally produced in the body, keeps these three protective functions.
A Comprehensive Introduction to Vitamins and its chemistry, source, RDA, classification, deficiency states and biological importance. This will give readers a overall insight to this topic.
Recent updates about Vitamin D (sunshine vitamin) & bone health. Co-testing of vitamin D(25-OH vitamin D) along with PTH is a scientific, holistic approach for diagnosis & monitoring of vitamin D deficiency.
Glutathione is the essential antioxidant for body health help, a strengthener, and Immune stimulant. This small protein, naturally produced in the body, keeps these three protective functions.
cglyp forte is a combination of lycopene, omega 3 fatty acid and l-arginine with multi minerals to provide the nourishment with antioxidant effect.
www.nutratake.com
Brian Covello: Diabetes Research ProposalBrian Covello
Brian Covello's diabetes research proposal. Type 2 diabetes mellitus consists of an array of dysfunctions characterized by hyperglycemia and resulting from the combination of resistance to insulin action, inadequate insulin secretion, and excessive or inappropriate glucagon secretion.
Essential update: FDA approves subcutaneous albiglutide for management of DM2
The FDA has approved once-weekly injectable albiglutide (Tanzeum), a glucagonlike peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, along with diet and exercise for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.[1, 2] This agent may be used either as monotherapy or in combination with metformin, glimepiride, pioglitazone, or insulin.
Albiglutide should not be used for the following[1, 2] :
Patients with type 1 diabetes
Patients with diabetic ketoacidosis
First-line therapy in patients who can’t be managed with diet and exercise
Patients who have a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC)
Patients who have multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2
The most common adverse reactions associated with albiglutide were nausea/diarrhea and injection-site reactions.
There will be a boxed warning on albiglutide’s labeling about thyroid C-cell tumors being observed in rodent studies with this class of drugs; it is currently unknown whether albiglutide causes these tumors in humans, including MTC.[1, 2] Moreover, the FDA is also requiring a number of postmarketing studies, including a pediatric trial; an MTC case registry (≥15 y); and a cardiovascular (CV)-outcomes trial in patients with a baseline high risk of CV disease.
Signs and symptoms
Many patients with type 2 diabetes are asymptomatic. Clinical manifestations include the following:
Classic symptoms: Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and weight loss
Blurred vision
Lower-extremity paresthesias
Yeast infections (eg, balanitis in men)
See Presentation for more detail.
Diagnosis
Diagnostic criteria by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) include the following[3] :
A fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level of 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) or higher, or
A 2-hour plasma glucose level of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or higher during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), or
A random plasma glucose of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or higher in a patient with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis
Whether a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of 6.5% or higher should be a primary diagnostic criterion or an optional criterion remains a point of controversy.
Indications for diabetes screening in asymptomatic adults includes the following[4, 5] :
Sustained blood pressure >135/80 mm Hg
Overweight and 1 or more other risk factors for diabetes (eg, first-degree relative with diabetes, BP >140/90 mm Hg, and HDL < 35 mg/dL and/or triglyceride level >250 mg/dL)
ADA recommends screening at age 45 years in the absence of the above criteria
See Workup for more detail.
11 health benefits of resveratrol supplementsWisePowder123
https://www.wisepowder.com/11-health-benefits-of-resveratrol-supplements/https://www.wisepowder.com/product-details/501-36-0/Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol plant compound that acts as an antioxidant.Resveratrol sources include red wine, grapes, berries, peanuts, and dark chocolate. This compound seems to be highly concentrated in the seeds and skins of berries and grapes. Seeds and skins of grape are applied in the fermentation of resveratrol wine, and that’s why red wine is highly concentrated in resveratrol. Resveratrol uses in health and wellness include the management of a wide range of age-related health challenges, such as heart disease, Alzheimer’s.
LYCOTENFORTE CapsulesTM: The most powerful antioxidant mentains optimum healt...SriramNagarajan16
Oxidation is a chemical reaction that transfers electrons from a substance to anoxidizing agent Oxidation
reactions can produce free radicals. In turn, these radicals can start chain reactions.
Antioxidants terminate the chain reactions by removing free radical intermediates, and inhibit other oxidation
reactions. They do this by being oxidized themselves, so antioxidants are often called as reducing agents such
as thiols, ascorbic acid or polyphenols.
Antioxidants are widely used as ingredients in dietary supplements and have been investigated for the
prevention of diseases such as cancer, coronary heart disease and even altitude sickness.
Antioxidants are our first line of defense against free radical damage, and are critical for maintaining optimum
health and wellbeing. The need for antioxidants becomes even more critical with increased exposure to free
radicals. Pollution, cigarette smoke, drugs, illness, stress, and even exercise can increase free radical exposure.
Because so many factors can contribute to oxidative stress, individual assessment of susceptibility becomes
important. Many experts believe that the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for specific antioxidants
may be inadequate and, in some instances, the need may be several times the RDA. As part of a healthy lifestyle
and a well-balanced, wholesome diet, antioxidant supplementation is now being recognized as an important
means of improving free radical protection. Damage to cells caused by free radicals is believed to play a central
role in the aging process and in disease progression. The present paper Reviews the Role of LYCOTENFORTE
Capsules in maintaining optimum health and wellbeing.
Glutathione deficiency is a disorder that prevents the body from producing glutathione. Glutathione is a molecule that constitutes three amino acids and is essential for the maintenance of normal functions of the body's immune system.
About Glutathione synthesis, Functions of Glutathione, and Pharmacology of Glutathione. Glutathione is distributed in high concentrations in aerobics organisms, for this reason, constitutes one of the mechanisms of antioxidant defense essential for the cell.
Nutraceuticals , Herbal Drug Technology-6th Semester.pptxRahul Dev
Types of Nutraceutical products available in the market. Health benefits and role of Nutraceuticals in ailments like Diabetes, CVS diseases, Cancer, Irritable bowel syndrome and various Gastro intestinal diseases.
Nutraceutical and functional food:as a remedy for chronical diseasesAayush Wadhwa
A thorough presentation for reference only. I have discussed detailed mechanisms and processes of various food components in diet and how they are associated with chronical diseses
Similar to Clinically proven benefits glutathione (20)
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
2. Glutathione (also known as "the Master Antioxidant") is a powerful substance
produced and used by all cells of the body. Glutathione has a broad repertoire of
clinically proven health benefits.
Glutathione levels may be compromised during a disease, especially in the case
of chronic illnesses as the disease itself depletes glutathione reserves.
Glutathione deficiencies are common in patients with long-range diseases or
exposed to high levels of oxidative stress by toxic substances (R).
What is glutathione?
Glutathione is a peptide composed of three important amino acids; hence it is
also called tripe tide (R).
Researchers have suggested that glutathione cell levels could be used as a
biomarker to determine life expectancy (R, R1).
Glutathione is the most important antioxidant in the body. What makes
glutathione unique is that it is within each of the cells of our body. Without
glutathione our cells cannot carry out their activities in an optimal way (R).
Glutathione does much more than just inhibiting free radicals. It also protects
many systems and organs during a disease or deterioration that a disease
implies.
Glutathione has been defined as a "xenobiotics toxicity defense agent," such as
drugs, drugs, environmental pollutants, and carcinogens (R).
Due to its wide range of properties and effects on the body it is very important
to prevent glutathione levels from decaying. Especially during any disease
process since the disease itself depletes the body's glutathione reserves.
3. A deficiency of glutathione can manifest in the form of a greater susceptibility
to oxidative stress, which is thought to be involved in the genesis of a wide
variety of diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's (R) and cancer.
Benefits of Glutathione for health
1. Glutathione Combats oxidative stress
Glutathione reduces the number of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the
damage caused by oxidative stress in cells and DNA (R, R1, and R2).
Glutathione protects against chronic diseases of oxidative stress, which can
cause cancer neurodegeneration (R) and other diseases (developed later).
As a neutralizer of reactive oxygen species (ROS) glutathione is essential to
regenerate other antioxidants in the body such as vitamin C and vitamin E (R).
2. Glutathione puts under Control the inflammation
Glutathione is known to inhibit the production of most inflammatory cytokines
(R).
Glutathione deficiency causes inflammation of the airways in mice. This
inflammation was reduced and completely restored once glutathione (R) was
started.
Glutathione inhibits the transcription factor NF-K, which increases several
genes related to inflammation (R).
Practically all pulmonary diseases are caused by excessive inflammation of the
lungs. In many of these diseases, restoring glutathione to healthier levels
confers protection to these diseases, alleviates symptoms and promotes healing,
supporting the idea that glutathione acts as an anti-inflammatory (R).
3. It is a powerful anti-aging tool
4. Low levels of glutathione causes free radicals to damage the body to a greater
extent and accelerate the aging process (R).
Increasing glutathione levels can "slow down the aging process in humans" (R).
Imbalances in glutathione levels may be in the etiology and progression of
diseases in humans due to their impact on the immune system (R).
Low levels of glutathione affect immune function.
Lack of glutathione accelerates the aging process.
Multiple studies have shown that the organism produces less duration as we
age (R).
Glutathione decreases during menopause (R). This change in the metabolism of
women is part of the dramatic aging that occurs in this period of life (R).
Maintain stable levels of long-term glutathione "protects against age-related
cognitive impairment" (R).
Decreased levels of glutathione during aging causes oxidative stress and may
contribute to bone rupture and the emergence of osteoporosis (R).
They find that Myricitrina (a drug used in the prevention of age-related
osteoporosis) works in part thanks to increased levels of glutathione (R).
4. Glutathione can prevent and treat stress and depression
Glutathione levels are lower in people with depression (R, R1).
Glutathione is able to prevent induced depression in animals (R).
One study showed that mice who received Alprazolam (a drug used to relieve
stress) increased their levels of glutathione. Researchers conclude that this is
one of the pathways to the stress relieving drug (R).
5. Glutathione Curbs neurodegenerative processes
5. The cells of the human brain consume approximately 25% – 30% of the total
oxygen used by the body, and yet the brain only represents a 2 for the total
body weight.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continually generated during oxidative
metabolism. Being the brain the organ that more oxygen consumes, the
detoxification of reactive oxygen species in the brain is a vital task for the good
cognitive functioning (R).
Glutathione plays a key role in the process of detoxification of the ROS in the
Brain (R).
5.1 Glutathione in Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease is caused in part because of the oxidative stress that occurs
in the brain. Antioxidants can stop or limit oxidative stress as clinical studies
have shown. For example, oral supplementation with vitamin E slowed the
progression of Alzheimer's disease (R, R1).
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the accumulation of the TDP-43 in the
nervous system. The TDP-43 is a DNA-binding protein. The Accumulation of
TDP-43 reduces the levels of glutathione (R) even further.
In mice, a protein that increases glutathione levels in the body served to
increase memory in specimens with Alzheimer's (R).
5.2 Glutathione in Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's is caused in part because of oxidative stress on the nervous system.
Glutathione effectively combats oxidative stress (R).
Parkinson's disease involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the black
substance of the brain. Studies have indicated that people in pre-clinical stages
of Parkinson's disease have low levels of glutathione in the black substance of
the brain or Locus Niger (R).
One study showed that compound 3.4-Dihidroxibenzalacetona prevents
Parkinson's disease by increasing levels of glutathione (R).
5.3 Huntington's disease
6. Huntington's disease is caused by oxidative stress and mitochondrial
dysfunction (R). Studies have shown that curcumin (the natural pigment of
turmeric) improves mitochondrial health in patients with Huntington's disease
due to increased levels of glutathione in cells (R).
6. Glutathione helps the body to fight �infections
Viral infections are characterized by abnormal amounts of oxidative stress in
the cells, leading to inflammation yes to a reduction in glutathione (R, R1)
levels.
In many diseases (such as influenza, cystic fibrosis, AIDS, COPD, or alcoholism),
decreased immune function and the increased risk of infection are directly
correlated with low levels of glutathione (R).
Patients with tuberculosis have low levels of glutathione (R).
When the levels of glutathione decay the antimicrobial activity of the
macrophages is reduced. Supplementation with NAC (the precursor of
glutathione) increases the rate of intracellular death of Mycobacterium (R).
Another study found that maintaining adequate levels of cytokine (and
therefore of duration, since it is a precursor) improved the immune activity
against Mycobacterium (R).
7. Glutathione Repairs Bowel
7. Patients with irritable bowel syndrome present less activity of the enzymes
involved in the synthesis of glutathione, as well as lower levels of cytokine (R).
Glutathione Peroxides is a very important enzyme for the repair of the mucous
membranes and intestinal wall to restore the intestinal barrier (R) function.
Glutathione protects the intestinal mucosa. Taking mutation protects the bowel
wall which, if weakened, leads to increased intestinal permeability, increasing
the risk of associated autoimmune diseases and problems of this condition (R).
8. Glutathione could be useful in the treatment of autism
Children diagnosed with autism have lower levels of glutathione (between 20
and 40% lower) compared to non-autistic children (R, R1).
Anomalies have also been detected in the pathway of transulfuración in
children with autism, which is the way of Transulfuración is the mechanism
through which glutathione (R) is produced. This anomaly includes reduced
cytokine levels, limiting the production speed of glutathione (R).
Supplementation with oral glutathione and transversal glutathione are
currently being used to normalize glutathione levels in autistic children. Early
studies indicate that this improves transulfuración metabolites, including
glutathione (R).
9. The protective role of glutathione in cancer
Glutathione is the most important factor in the regulation of life, proliferation,
and death of cancer cells (R).
Glutathione deficiency leads to increased oxidative stress damage that
facilitates the progression of cancer (R).
There is a correlation between increased glutathione intake and decreased risk
of mouth and throat (R) cancer.
Glutathione is also key in repairing the damage caused to cells and tissues by
chemotherapy drugs in cancer patients (R).
Glutathione is essential in the elimination and detoxification of carcinogenic
substances. However, very high levels of glutathione, being an antioxidant,
could detract from certain chemotherapy drugs. So it is necessary to maintain
8. some balance. That is to say, increase the levels without overdosing, in case of
chemotherapy (R, R1).
10. Glutathione could treat psychiatric illnesses
People with schizophrenia have lower levels of glutathione. Supplementing with
NAC (an indirect glutathione resource) has been shown to "improve the
symptoms of schizophrenia in humans" (R).
Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have lower glutathione
levels in certain areas of the brain, for example in the posterior cingulated
cortex (R).
High levels of free radicals are detected in the blood of patients with obsessive-
compulsive disorder. Reducing this excess of free radicals by means of
glutathione can help "reduce the severity of TOC Symptoms" (R).
Glutathione helps reduce stress, which are an important symptom and a
contributing factor ("trigger") of TOC (R).
Numerous drugs used in the treatment of bipolar disorder "work through
increased levels of glutathione" (R).
11. Glutathione helps in ADHD
People with ADHD have lower levels of glutathione and at the same time high
levels of oxidative stress (R, R1).
Pycnogenol (which acts as a reinforcement of glutathione) has been shown to
normalize levels of antioxidants in children with ADHD (R).
12. Glutathione can help prevent cardiac diseases like
infarction.
A low activity of the enzyme glutathione peroxides as well as low levels of
glutathione in chronic form is linked to an increased risk of having a
myocardial infarction or heart attack (R, R1, and R2).
Cardiovascular disease is caused in large part due to oxidative stress on the
tissues of the heart and circulatory system. This is why diabetes and insulin
9. resistance (which are conditions that cause greater oxidative stress) are related
to an increased risk of heart attacks (R, R1, R2).
Glutathione helps reduce all reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn
reduces the risk of stroke or heart attack (R).
13. Glutathione has potential to treat complications of Diabetes
In type 2 diabetes, excess blood sugar causes a reduction in glutathione levels,
which can be reduced by half (R, R1).
The accumulation of free radicals causes many of the complications associated
with type 2 diabetes including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative problems
(R).
Taking glutathione has been shown to prevent or "at least limit the associated
complications in Diabetes" (R).
14. Glutathione can prevent renal disease
An excess of oxidative stress can cause kidney failure (R).
In animal models it has been shown that the precursor of glutathione (NAC) is
used to prevent renal disease caused by the consumption of aspartame (a
dangerous artificial sweetener) (R).
One study in patients with chronic renal failure (hem dialysis) found that oral
glutathione led to a very noticeable improvement in renal function, measured
through red blood cells, blood glutathione levels, hemoglobin and hem Atrocity
(R).
15. Glutathione protects against liver damage
Liver disease is partly caused by an excess of oxidative stress. Glutathione
keeps the liver healthy by helping to reduce oxidative stress in the liver (R).
Glutathione plays a very important role in the functions of detoxification of the
liver and in the control of the exchange thinly/disulfide in the cells (R, R1).
The liver increases glutathione production to combat the effects of a high-fat
(R) diet.
10. The administration of 300 mg per day of glutathione is effective in preventing
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which in certain cases can lead to cirrhosis
and liver (R) cancer,
16. Glutathione can help overcome addictions
The consumption of methamphetamines, cocaine and alcohol lead to an
increase in the production of reactive oxygen species or oxidative stress (R).
Oxidative stress can alter the neural pathways involved in behavior, causing a
person to become addicted. Thanks to a reduction of reactive oxygen species,
glutathione may decrease the development of human addictive behaviors (R,
R1).
This mechanism also "can be applied to other addictive disorders such as
overeating or other psycho-dependent behaviors" (R).
17. Glutathione reduces the effects of drugs and Alcohol
Chronic alcohol or drug use causes increased oxidative stress and reduces liver
levels of glutathione. Glutathione can reduce the harmful effects of chronic
alcohol consumption by reducing the presence of reactive oxygen (R) species.
Glutathione "improves liver function in alcoholics, but only when alcohol
consumption abstained" (R).
11. Glutathione reduces blood alcohol acetaldehyde and hepatic triglyceride (R)
levels.
Chronic alcohol intake causes oxidative stress in the lungs, which can often lead
to respiratory infections such as pneumonia. Glutathione protects the lungs by
reducing excess oxidative stress (R).
18. Glutathione Controls cell death
Low levels of glutathione activate the pathways of cell death.
S-glutationilación (derived from glutathione) is fundamental in the modulation
of proteins and marks the onset of apoptosis or programmed cell death (R, R1).
Low levels of glutathione make cells more susceptible to damage, especially
from the damage caused by arachidonic acid. Studies have shown that low
levels of glutathione provoke a series of events that ultimately result in
premature cell death (R).
19. Glutathione helps breathing problems
Several respiratory diseases have been associated with low levels of glutathione
(R):
Cystic fibrosis
Fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic Bronchitis
Acute pulmonary damage or acute respiratory distress syndrome
Several viral and bacterial infections, including AIDS.
Toxicity by compounds such as tobacco smoke, contaminants, drugs, etc.
One study found that low glutathione levels "increased airway inflammation
due to asthma" (R).
The same study showed that increased levels of glutathione "reduced the
inflammation of the airways associated with Asthma" (R).
12. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a disease characterized by high levels
of oxidative stress in long-term lung tissue. This situation leads to inflammation
of the lung tissue and is responsible for coughing or shortness of breath (R).
"Glutathione supplements can reduce oxidative damage in the lungs, which
reduces the risk of developing chronic lung disease" (R).
20. Glutathione can treat sleep Apnea
Patients with sleep apnea present very high levels of oxidative stress and low
levels of glutathione in blood plasma (R, R1).
Other studies found that glutathione levels were very low in patients diagnosed
with sleep apnea and that through increased levels of glutathione it was
achieved to improve sleep quality in patients with sleep apnea (R).
21. Glutathione to help treat acne
High levels of oxidative stress lead deficit states of glutathione in people with
acne (R, R1).
The decrease in antioxidant capacity, and especially the amount of glutathione
in blood, plays a key role in the development and emergence of acne (R).
Increased levels of glutathione can "help reduce acne vulgarism by reducing
oxidative stress" (R).
22. Glutathione helps treat rheumatoid arthritis
Studies have shown that antioxidant defenses are compromised in patients
with rheumatoid arthritis. "Glutathione levels are significantly lower in
patients with rheumatoid arthritis" (R).
Researchers conclude: "It makes sense to supplement with glutathione to ensure
that patients with rheumatoid arthritis can match the high demand for
antioxidants that they require because of the disease" (R).
23. Glutathione helps prevent Glaucoma and cataracts
Glaucoma and cataracts can cause a gradual loss of vision (R).
13. Both conditions are partly caused by high levels of oxidative stress in the
ocular nerve. Glutathione "helps reduce oxidative stress in the optic nerve in
cataracts and primary grade glaucoma" (R).
24. Promotes a healthier pregnancy
In pregnant women low levels of glutathione can cause depression and lead to
developmental and brain disorders in the fetus (R).
A greater number of reactive oxygen species in the fetus have been linked to
preterm birth. By reducing reactive oxygen species, glutathione can ensure a
"biologically healthy gestation Time" (R).
25. Glutathione could help in the treatment of AIDS
14. One study found that AIDS patients produce lower levels of glutathione in their
mitochondria (R).
The NAC (the precursor of Glutathione) is able to block the stimulatory effect of
TNF in the replication of HIV (R) virus.
AIDS patients with glutathione deficiencies see insulin sensitivity and muscle
strength decreased. Taking glutathione in a supplementary way in your diets
helps to "treat effectively" these issues (R).
Lack of glutathione weakens the immune system in AIDS patients. Studies have
shown that taking glutathione helps balance the immune system in AIDS/HIV
(R) patients.
Taking glutathione decreases the chances of developing tuberculosis patients
with AIDS (R).
26. Glutathione could treat cystic fibrosis
People with cystic fibrosis present lower levels of glutathione in the Blood (R).
Cystic fibrosis causes the release in large quantities of oxidizing reagents to the
inflamed cells. To make things even worse, cystic fibrosis reduces glutathione
levels that can clean all of these reagents (R).
Studies have shown that cystic fibrosis patients treated with inhaled
glutathione "increased both capacity and pulmonary function" (R, R1).
Glutathione inhalers can restore oxidative/antioxidant balance and reduce
inflammation in patients with cystic fibrosis (R).
Certain forms of orally buffered glutathione (e.g. liposomal glutathione or forms
of intraoral glutathione) may reduce the symptoms of cystic fibrosis (R).
27. Glutathione For more luminous skin
15. Studies have shown that glutathione can increase luminosity and whiten skin
in healthy women (R, R1).
This is because glutathione stimulates the production of a particular type of
melanin in the skin cells, called Feomelaninas, to the detriment of the
Eumelaninas (R).
Ways to take glutathione
Glutathione can be administered in different ways:
Oral
Sublingual or Intraoral
Inhalation
Intravenous (IV)
Synergistic Nutrients
Vitamin C increases the absorption of glutathione.
Selenium is important for maintaining healthy levels of glutathione. In the
body selenium becomes a component of the enzyme glutathione peroxides,
which helps neutralize free radicals. Alpha Lipoid acid is another propellant of
glutathione levels in cells.
Glutathione Safety
Glutathione supplements are generally considered very safe, even at high doses
one study found that patients with cystic fibrosis had side effects caused by the
use of glutathione such as diarrhea, fatigue and fever, the CONC study Luye
that these effects cannot be applied to the general population (R). Note: I
personally do not understand these symptoms as "side effects" but as symptoms
of healing crises or Herxheimer reaction.
Like most supplements, glutathione is not recommended during pregnancy or
breastfeeding. During chemotherapy, high doses of glutathione (as well as other
antioxidants) could reduce the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs, due to
their protective effect of oxidative stress.
In what foods is glutathione found?
16. Grapefruit, spinach, tangerines, pears, garlic, broccoli, avocado, apples and
asparagus.
All of them can act as precursors of glutathione, because of the nutrients they
contain.
Supplements are recommended to provide a therapeutic and sustained dose in
time, which is necessary to obtain the benefits of glutathione.
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