The document discusses the causes and evidence of climate change. It notes that greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide trap heat in the atmosphere. The Keeling Curve shows rising carbon dioxide levels since 1958. Ice cores provide evidence of past climates, showing that carbon dioxide levels were highest in warm periods and lowest in cold periods. Melting ice and rising sea levels also provide evidence of global warming. Climate change is predicted to significantly impact regions like the Arctic and Iceland. Areas like Bangladesh, Mali, and the US have experienced extreme weather events linked to climate change. Solutions proposed to mitigate climate change include using renewable energy, creating carbon sinks, and sustainable community development.

2. What are the causes and
evidence for climate change?

4. Green house gases
• Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Nitrous Oxide
• These 3 gases act as an insulating blanket and
prevent heat waves reflecting back out of our
atmosphere.
• Short wave energy travels from the sun.
• Long wave energy travels from the earth.

6. Keeling Curve
The Keeling curve shows the rise of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere since
monitoring began in 1958. Discuss the trend of the Keeling Curve.

7. What evidence do we have for
climate change?

8. Ice Cores

11. • Interglacial is a warm period of time.
• Glacial is a cold period of time.
• We are living in an interglacial.
• Graphs are used to display data records.
Periods of Time

12. Carbon Dioxide
concentrations
reached a
maximum of 300
ppm in the
warmest periods
Carbon Dioxide
concentrations
were at about
280 ppm in
1950
Broad dips in
temperature
represent
glacial
periods
Narrow peaks in
the temperature
record represent
short warm
episodes
(interglacials)
Carbon Dioxide
concentrations
dropped to 180
ppm during the
coldest periods
a
b
c
d
e

13. What evidence do we have for
climate change?
What questions can we ask about this picture?

14. Weather is our day to day
experience of temperature, wind,
rainfall and sunshine.
Climate is about taking weather
readings over long periods of
time, and then working out
averages.

15. This is an example of a climate graph.
The red line shows the temperature
and the blue line shows the rainfall.

16. Evidence for climate change
There is lots of EVIDENCE to show Climate change is
taking place. Ice CORES can be used to look at past
climates. By studying past climates we can unlock clues
to future climates. The study of weather and CLIMATE
shows clues of global warming. Sea LEVEL change can
also be used to measure how much ice has MELTED.
The melting of ice will affect animal’s habitats. If ice
melts more POLAR bears will die. Animals show
warnings and SIGNS of climate change. Animals have to
move their families to safer places to LIVE.

17. What does this picture show us?

18. Vatnajokull
Ice Sheet
Greenland Sea
North Atlantic Ocean
Hofsjokkull
Ice Sheet
Reykjavik
Hottest summer
on record
Ice Core
Measurements
Sketch Map
N

19. Power Plants: Iceland
The Arctic is one region where climate change is predicted to
have a huge impact. Iceland's landscape will certainly change as
its ice caps and glaciers melt.
However, in the short term the economy could benefit as
melting glaciers feed Iceland's rivers and these provide hydro-
electric power (HEP) for Iceland's industry. Run-off from
glaciers will peak sometime in the next 30 years and according
to computer models, Iceland's glaciers will have disappeared by
2200.

20. Short-term changes Long-term changes
Positive Views •Cheaper HEP • Warmer climate to grow
more crops
Negative Views • loss of glaciers and ice
retreats
• more extreme weather
• decrease in tourism due
to loss of glaciers

21. America
Hurricane Katrina
UK
Thames Barrier
Bangladesh Mali
• category 5
hurricane in New
Orleans
•Huge devastation
in area – death /
loss of business/
destruction of
property / fires
/disease
•Leeves destroyed =
flooding of city
• Barrier to stop
storm surges from
North Sea up the
River Thames
•Needs to be
developed in future
as used more often
than expected
•Flat low lying poor
country
•Suffers effects of
Tropical Cyclones
•Low technology
warning systems =
man on bike with a
bell!!
•Western Sahara
•Temperatures
rapidly rising
•Lake Chad is
evaporating
•Spread of desert =
desertification
•Lack of water for
people to live
•Spread of disease =
mosquitos

22. 1) Use Bio fuels
2) Create Carbon Sinks = afforestation
3) Create Sustainable Communities
4) Be more energy efficient
5) More effective City Planning

23. 1) Use Brownfield Sites not Green field
2) Develop local facilities to reduce travel
3) Develop Green Technology
4) Create local Jobs
5) Use Solar Furnaces – e.g. Seville in Spain, provides energy for 6, 00
homes from Solar energy plant