Global warming is caused by increased carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases trapping heat in the atmosphere. This is raising global temperatures and melting ice caps, which is causing sea levels to rise. If warming continues unchecked, it will have severe consequences for wildlife, ecosystems, and humans through more extreme weather, flooding, droughts, and potential food shortages. International agreements like the Kyoto Protocol aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions but greater emissions cuts are needed to significantly impact global warming.

1. Global warming
By Shljuka Selma

2. What Is Global Warming?
• Global warming is the warming of the
earth through carbon dioxide (CO2)
being pumped into the atmosphere from
tailpipes and smokestacks. Then the
gases trap heat like the glass in a
greenhouse. This is where the term the
“greenhouse effect” came from.

3. If amount of solar energy absorbed by the earth is equal to
the amount radiated back into space, the earth remains
at a constant temperature
Sun
Solar
Radiative
Energy Cooling

4. However, if the amount of solar energy is greater than the amount radiated,
then the earth heats up.
Sun
Solar
Radiative
Cooling
Energy

5. If the amount of solar energy is less than the amount radiated,
then the earth cools down.
Sun
Solar
Radiative
Energy
Cooling

6. What’s Happening
Scientists say that the barrier insulating the
continental ice caps is melting.
“The impacts of warming temperatures in
Antarctica are likely to occur first in the
northern sections of the continent, where
summer temperatures approach the melting
point of water, 32 degrees F (0 degrees C).”

7. • As the ice melts, big chunks of glaciers
will break off and become like ice cubes
in a big glass of water. The ice
chunks, known as icebergs, create mass
in the ocean. The icebergs displace the
water causing the ocean level to rise.
Some of the shoreline in many places
like Florida (where the land is at a low
altitude) will go under water.

8. To a certain degree, the earth acts like a greenhouse.
Energy from the Sun penetrates the glass of a greenhouse and
Sun warms the air and objects within the greenhouse.
The same glass slows the heat from escaping, resulting in much
higher temperatures within the greenhouse than outside it.

9. Sun
A dramatic example of the
Greenhouse effect can be seen
with the planet Venus. Venus’s
atmosphere consists of 97%
carbon dioxide and 3% nitrogen.
In addition, the surface is
covered by dense clouds of
water and sulfuric acid. The
combination of greenhouse gases Venus
results in a surface temperature
of 860 F – even hotter than the
planet Mercury, which is nearest
the Sun.

10. How Long Has It Been
Going On
• The reason the temperature has
risen so much in the past 150
years is because of how much
more we have used fossil fuels,
which gives off carbon dioxide.
According to NOAA (National
Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration), the global
warming rate in the last 25
years has risen to 3.6 degrees F
per century, which tends to
confirm the predictions of
temperature increases made by

11. The frequency of heavy precipitation events has
increased over most land areas
- Rainfall in Mumbai (India), 2005:
1 million people lost their homes

12. Heat waves have become more frequent over most
land areas
- Heat wave in Europe, 2003: 35 000 deaths

13. Intense tropical cyclone activity has increased
in the North Atlantic since about 1970
- Hurricane Katrina, 2005: up to $200 billion cost estimate

14. ore intense and longer droughts have been observed
er wider areas since the 1970s, particularly in the
opics and subtropics

15. What Will Happen
• Rising global temperatures are expected to
raise sea level, and change precipitation and
other local climate conditions. Changing
regional climate could alter forests, crop
yields, and water supplies. It could also
affect human health, animals, and many
types of ecosystems. Deserts may expand
into existing rangelands, and features of
some of our national parks may be
permanently altered.

16. Kyoto Protocol
• In an effort to reduce carbon
emissions, the Kyoto protocol
• was adopted in 1997.
• It proposed to cut CO2 emissions
by 5% from 1990 levels for period
of 2008-2012
• However, such minor cuts would be
symbolic only, since such cuts
would not significantly impact

17. What’s Happening to the Animals
• Penguin population decline. Adelie
penguin populations have shrunk by 33
percent during the past 25 years in
response to declines in their winter sea
ice habitat.

18. • Some species of wildlife could be greatly affected by global
warming
• For example, polar bears
• require pack ice in order to hunt and live.
• If all pack ice disappears, they might eventually
go extinct in the wild.
• Sea turtles
• breed on the same islands as they are born on.
• They could go extinct on some islands as beaches
are flooded before new beaches are produced.
• Other species may go extinct as rainfall patterns
change throughout the world.

19. Effect on Humans
• Global warming will affect peoples throughout the world. For
example,
– Fewer deaths will result from cold weather, but more deaths
will result from heat waves
– Initially, decreased thermo hyaline circulation will result in
– cooler temperatures in North Atlantic.
– The CO2 fertilization effect will increase crop yields by up to
30%
– Precipitation changes will result in
• droughts and famine in some areas and
• expanded arable land in Canada, Soviet Union
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Page 19

20. Mitigation of Global Warming
Methods of mitigating global warming include
 Conservation
• Reduce energy needs, such as electrical usage, petroleum
usage, reduced packaging
• Recycling, which uses less energy to produce products
compared to
 Another way to reduce carbon emissions is to use alternate
energy sources, such as
• Nuclear
• Wind
• Geothermal
• Hydroelectric
• Solar
• Fusion

21. Solutions
Sintetic trees that will
apsorbe CO2 from air and
reduce it into oxygen

22. Making sulphur
wrapping around the
Earth by launching
rockets filled with
sulphur.

23. To make big umbrella
into the space with
million small aircrafts
to protect the Earth
from warming

24. Conclusion
• Global warming is affecting plants, animals,
humans and the earth. We need to learn
how to conserve our use of fossil fuels to
minimize carbon dioxide production. This will
slow down the effects of global warming.

25. Greetings from Antartica