This document discusses the classification of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) in Nepal based on different criteria. It provides an overview of: - The distribution of land types in Nepal and the number of plant species found in the country. - Classification approaches including by climate/vegetation zones, river distributions, moisture levels, plant composition/ecology. - The types of MAPs classified by the mountain versus Terai regions and parts of plants with medicinal properties. - Additional classification methods like systematic vs. non-systematic treatment, alphabetical, taxonomic, morphological, pharmacological, chemical, and by families. - Categorization of aromatic plants based on scented parts like

1. Classification of MAPs

2. Phytogeography
• Phytogeography is correlation between
plants and environment.
• Objective of phytogeography;
– To record and explain the distribution of plants
over the surface of the world

3. Phytogeography of Nepal
27%
50%
23%
Nepal Occupies
Himalayan region
Mahabharat & Hilly region
Plane region
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
44.74
12 10.6
21
7
Land distribution of Nepal in %

4. • 385 Pteridophytes
• 25 Gymnosperms
• 4750 Angiosperms
5160
species of
plant
available in
our
country
•Medicinal plants
1000 spp
•Aromatic plants
250 spp

5. Classification of Phytogeography of
Nepal
On the basis of climatic conditions
• Subtropical evergreen forest.
• Deciduous monsoon forest.
• Evergreen coniferous forest.
• Alpine grass land and
• Tundra vegetation.
On the basis of distribution of Rivers:
• Karnali vegetation
• Gandaki vegetation.
• Koshi vegetation.
On the basis of moist habitats.
• Terai and Bhabar,
• Foot hills,
• Mahabharat range,
• Mid lands,
• Himalayas,
• Inner Himalayas,
• Arid zones.
On the basis of vegetation Composition
and ecology.
•Terai, Bhabar Dun valleys and other foot hills;
•The mid land area & Southern sides of the Himalayas
ranges;
•Chure;
•The Mahabharat ranges;
•The Humla- Jumla area in the north-west;
•Dry river valleys;
•The Arid zones.

7. Classification Of MAPs
Classification of
MAPS
According to
Motoyoshi
Satake (2000)
• Systematic medical treatment:
Transfer from generation to
generation by means of written
documents.
Egyptian and Mesopotamian
civilizations evolve into Western
and Arabian medicine via the
Greek and Roman civilizations,
Indus civilization evolved into
Ayurveda medicine
Yellow river civilizations into
Chinese medicine and Kampo
medicine.
• Non systematic medical
treatment
Most of these medicinal plants
have not been handed over
down to us by written materials

8. A- Alphabetical: B- Taxonomic:
C-
Morphological:
D-
Pharmacological
or therapeutic:
E- Chemical or
Biogenetic:
General Classification of Medicinal
Plants:

9. HPPCL classifies medicinal plants
Types Mountain Terai
1. Herbal plants with medicinal properties
Roots bearing medicinal
properties
Panchaule, Jatamasi, Sugandhawal, Bishma,
Pashanved, Bhyakur, Bojho, Kurilo, Ban
lasun
Sarpagandha, Khaskhas, Sikakai,
Indreni
Leaves with medicinal Properties Tejpat, Kumkum, Lothsalla, Dhasingre Bhorla, Titepati, Asuro, Sikakai
Seeds and fruits Pipla, Rudracchya, Katus, Lapsi, Rittha,
Sugandhkokila, Dhaiyaro
(fruit)
Sikakai, Indreni, Harro, Barro, Amala,
Kusum
Whole plant Yarshagumba, Jhyau, Majitho, Chiraito,
Titepati, Gurjo, Ghodtapre, Somlata,
Nagbeli
Jibanti, Gurjo
Bark Okhar, Kafal, Dalchini, Chutro,
Bhojpatra
Chhatiwan, Totelo, Palas, Arjun, Nim
Flower & Floss Flowers of Sugandhkokila, Dhasingre,
Gurans, Nageshwar, Buki phul, Kamal
Flowers of Asuro, Simal (floss also),
Ank, Palans (floss), Makhamal
Dye Pipla, Geranium, Pyrethrum, Majitho, Tuki
phul
Amala, Mehendi, Ghantiphu
Gum/Resin Silajit, Khoto, Gokul dhum,
Raktachandan
Saldhum
2. Essential oil bearing medicinal plants
Sugandhkokila, Mentha, Geranium,
Sayapatri, Masala, Sugandhwal, Kumkum
Citronella, Palmarosa, Lemongrass,
Sugandhakokila, Mentha
3. Others
Bramhi, Asuro, Lalgedi, Nagbeli*

10. Classification on the basis of Therapeutic systems.

11. Classification on the basis of
the Angiospermic families
Dicotyledonous
Families.
Monocotyledonous
Families.

12. Classification on the basis of Odour or
Perfume
• Winter Green oil - Gaultheria procumbens (American mountain
tea)
• Otto of rose oil – Rose
• Citrus oil - Lemon, Rosemary, Sweet oranges.
• Floral oils - Jasmine oil, Vanilla, Carnation, Geranium oil
• Spicy oil - Ginger, Pipper, Clove, Cinnamomun.
• Chyper oil- obtained from sweet warm spices, woody and
floral parts. Heavy and clinging type of perfume. e.g
Lavandula angustifolia
• Fougere oil - Sandalwood, Vetiver, Jasmine, Rose flower.
• Woody oil - Cedar wood, Sandal wood, Camphor, Patchouli
(like mint).
• Almond oil, Bergamot oil – Citrus, bergenia
• Citronella oil ,Chamomile oil - Matricaria recutita
• Ylang – Ylang oil - Cananga odorata (perfume tree)

13. Classification of Aromatic plants based on their
scented plants parts.
S.N Classification of aromatic plant on the basis of
scented part
Examples
1 Plants with Scented Leaves Artemisia dracunculus, Aloe vera, Citrus aurantium, Cymbopogon sps, Cinnamomun
comphara, Digitalis purpurea, Eucalyptus globules. Mentha sps. Ocimum basilicum,
2 Plants with Scented Young Twigs, Flowering
tops, Needles and adherent Leaves
Eucalyptus citriodora, E. globulus. Pinus sp, Thuja Occidentalis
3 Plants with Scented Flowers Citrus aurantium, Jasminum sps, Magnolia grandiflora, Rosa damascena R.
moschata, R. centifolia, Matricularia chamomilla.
4 Plants with Aromatic Wood Acacia catecheu, Cinnamomum camphora, Pinus sps.
5 Plants with Aromatic Bark Cinnamomum sp., Melia azedarach, Terminalia arjuna
6 Plants with Aromatic Gums Cistus cypricus, Gardenia arborea, G. lucida
7 Plants with scented Underground Parts Acorus calamus, Allium cepa. A.sativa, Valeriana officinalis, V. wallichii, Zingibar
officinale
8 Plants with Scented Fruits and Berries Cuminum cyminum, Piper longum. Elettaria cardamomum, Solanum nigrum,
Terminalia chebula, T. bellerica
9 Fruits with Scented Peel Citrus lemon, C. limettioides.
10 Plants with Aromatic Seeds Apium graveolens, Digitalis prupurea, Sesamun indicum
11 All parts of plants scented Artemesia absinthum, Catharanthus roseus, Mentha sps.
12 Plants with Aromatic Roots Atropa belladona, Atropa acuminate,Apium graveolens, Rauvolfia serpentine

14. Thank you