Classics/History 1M03 Dr. J. Reeves
Winter 2018 Essay Assignment #1
The Religious Scandal of 415
In 415 BC, during a lull in the Peloponnesian War, the Athenians decided to mount an enormous
campaign against the city of Syracuse in Sicily. The expedition was prepared at tremendous cost
and no expense was spared. To the eyes of the other Greeks it looked as though Athens was
making a display of its power in an aggressive campaign designed not just to overawe Syracuse
nor even the whole of Sicily but to signal to the Greek world the might and dominance of
Athens.
Just prior to the launching of the Sicilian expedition, the largest and best-equipped armada ever
assembled by the Athenians, a religious crime shook the confidence of the city. All throughout
Athens (at people’s front doors, at crossroads, at the entrances to the Agora, for example) stood
Herms (Hermai in Greek), four-foot stone pillars with the god Hermes’ head carved at the top
and genitals at the front. Shortly before the expedition was due to sail, a group of men in the city
mutilated a large number of these Herms, defacing and (probably) castrating them. This in
itself—an act of sacrilegious vandalism—was deeply offensive to most Athenians. Moreover,
Hermes, the messenger god, patron of travelers, was for Greeks the god who oversaw comings
and goings. The desecration of these Herms, therefore, was a chilling omen to many. In response
the crime, the Athenians hastily organized incentives for witnesses to come forward. In the days
of denunciations that followed, the names of several prominent Athenians came to light as
suspects in this and other religious offenses; among the individuals named was Alcibiades, one
of the generals of the imminent campaign and Athens’ leading political figure. How and why
Alcibiades became the chief suspect of crimes that undermined his own expedition are
interesting historical questions to which the ancient sources give partial and sometimes
conflicting answers.
Instructions for assignment:
1) Read through all the ancient accounts (collected below) of the events surrounding the
scandal of 415 and clarify for yourself what you think Alcibiades’ role was. Consider
what kind of figure Alcibiades was in Athens. Did others have reason to frame him? If so,
who are the likely culprits and why? Was he guilty of any of the charges brought against
him? What impact, if any, did the mutilation of the Herms have on the Sicilian
expedition? Were there wider consequences?
2) Having read the sources carefully and critically, write a 1200-word essay on the subject
(about FIVE double-spaced pages). In your paper, you may choose to address all or some
of these questions, or you may choose to pose your own questions of the material. The
goal of this (and any other) essay should not be to produce a report that merely describes
what you find in your sources, but to produce an argument based on your reading of
those sour ...
PROJECTSo far, although you’ve done a lot of writing, it’s.docxbriancrawford30935
PROJECT
So far, although you’ve done a lot of writing, it’s all been on topics of my choice. This time, you
get to choose your topic, research it, and write a paper of approximately four pages. To help
narrow it down, I recommend choosing one of the following five choices:
• Pick an important or interesting person or event. Try to figure out why that person (or
event) is important.
• Read a work of fiction written sometime before c. 1500. Explain what that work tells us
about one aspect of its culture,
• Compare and contrast different examples of art and architecture from either different eras
in the same culture or from two different cultures that were around at about the same
time.
• Look at how two different cultures interacted and what they wrote about each other (or
how they drew/sculpted/painted each other). Explain how these cultures fried to
understand each other.
• Write a historical short story that helps explain some aspect of a particular person or
culture. (Careful! This is harder than it sounds!)
I want to leave as much freedom as possible in this, so the choice is yours. If you want to try
something different, something a little more creative, or have a better idea for a topic feel free to
run it by me. Keep in mind we’ve talked about a LOT of history by this point so there are plenty
of options. Again, if you need advice narrowing your topics down, feel free to ask. Also — don’t
get over ambitious. You’re not going to be able to give a complete Marxist analysis of the
relationship between law and ritual in the Ottoman royal court between 1300 and 1700, so,
please, don’t even try. It’s better to pick something specific and see where it takes you.
That said, the paper must meet the following requirements:
• It should be four to six pages (not including your works cited page, andlor illustrations),
• It must be typed, double-spaced, and in a font between a 10 and 12 pt.
• It must contain both a works cited page and either Chicago-style footnotes or MLA style
citations, citing your sources.
• You must use at least one primary source, that is, at least one source created in the time
period you’re looking at.
• Your topic has to be something from before c. 1500
• You may not use Wikipedia or any sites based on Wikipedia, such as About.com. I don’t
want to say you can’t use the internet, but be aware that printed books and academic
journals are still almost always better than anything online. If you’re going to use the
web, try to judge whether or not the source is reliable — and if it’s not, don’t use it.
Lastly, as always, I want to hear what you think. Don’t just rewrite what other historians say:
come up with a strong thesis statement and try to prove it as best you can. You’ve all done well
on the weekly assignments — in some cases better than you realize — and I think you can do the
same here. The paper will be due on December 7.
~ /5o a
~ptc: ~ ~aq~s ~~4s~’1 “~
Assignment: The Classical Age
This week’s wr.
Primary Source Responses When I assign you to read one or.docxstilliegeorgiana
Primary Source Responses
When I assign you to read one or more primary sources, you will respond to it by answering these six questions
below. General instructions:
• Answer each question separately. You should write at least one paragraph per question. If you have
more than one source to respond to, you must answer each source separately.
• Put all answers in one file and upload it onto Blackboard. Files must be in a .doc or .docx format.
• Please do not copy-paste the questions/suggested responses below into your assignments.
• You may use information from the textbook or lecture to help build your analysis. No sources from
outside of the course may be used.
One of the key skills history students must learn is how to use primary sources. A primary source can be a
document, artwork, artifact, or oral-history interview, just so long as it tells us something about the past and is
as close as we can get to the past. Primary sources are those sources created by people who participated in an
event, witnessed it firsthand, or at least heard about it from a credible witness.
Historians ask all manner of questions about primary sources. Here I have tried to group such questions into six
larger categories, to suggest a means by which to approach an unfamiliar source.
Six (6) Types of Questions to ask of every primary source:
1.What sort of document is it? (For example: a letter, a speech, a newspaper article, etc.) Who is the author?
And who is the intended audience or reader? When and where was the document written? Sometimes the
author will tell you explicitly. In other cases, the historian may need to make educated guesses.
2. Summarize the passage in your own words. What is the style? What are the main points of the passage?
What keywords does the author use to convey his or her point of view? Is the language formal or informal?
Does s/he use reasoned arguments or metaphors/imagery? (This should be two paragraphs: one that
summarizes the passage and one that discusses the language of the text.)
3. Why was this document created/what purpose does this document serve? Consider why the author has
decided to create this document. What has motivated them to write this? Does this source represent a group
perspective or an individual perspective?
4. What is the historical context? History is premised, in part, on the notion that any document can tell us
something about the time and place in which it was produced, and, conversely, that time and place can help us
understand the document. What was going on when this document was created? Does the author represent a
particular perspective from this era? How might these circumstances help us understand this document? Refer
to your lecture notes and textbook for help on this one if needed. BE SPECIFIC!!!!
5. What is missing? What perspectives and information is not present in the source? How does this help us to
better understand the perspecti ...
Choose one (1) of the topics below and develop a three to four (.docxvernettacrofts
Choose one (1) of the topics below and develop a three to four (3-4) paragraph essay (of at least 250-500 words) which adequately address the topic you have chosen. Use the attached file to go by and complete assignment.
Topic Choices
1. There have been many theories regarding how the pyramids at Giza were constructed. Most experts agree that they were constructed as burial monuments for pharaohs, but "how" these ancient people constructed monuments of such great size without modern machinery is a mystery which is still being debated.
2. No one can say for certain what happened to the great urban Mayan civilization, but theories abound and include varied possible alternatives to explain the relatively abrupt and mysterious disappearance of the Mayan civilization.
3. Tutankhamen died young, at approximately eighteen (18) years of age. However, his cause of death has been the subject of quite varied scholarly theories and conclusions. Did he die of an injury, of illness, of murder, or something else?
3. Minoan Crete was a major civilization in its time, but several theories have been advanced to explain its demise, including speculations associating it with mythical Atlantis. What were the causes of Minoan Civilization's decline?
4. Great Zimbabwe is an enormous complex of structures in East Africa. Since the builders and occupants left no written records, several theories have developed as to the identity of its builders and the functions of the structures. Which theory makes the most sense?
5. The monumental size and complexity of the Tomb of Shihuangdi is astounding, yet its location and construction details were to be kept secret. What was the emperors purpose for such an elaborate, secret burial place?
Write a three to four (3-4) paragraph paper in which you: Clearly state the "mystery" and provide a brief summary of at least two (2) reasonable and scholarly theories which could explain the mystery. Because some theories may sound far-fetched, include the source or promoter of each theory such as a scientist, a historian, a theologian, etc. After summarizing at least two (2) scholarly theories, identify one (1) of the theories as the most plausible and provide at least two (2) convincing reasons why the theory you have chosen is the best one to explain the mystery. This will involve some critical reasoning skills on your part. Use at least two (2) sources plus the class textbook. (Three [3] sources total as the minimum)
Note:
Wikipedia and other similar Websites do not qualify as academic resources. You are highly encouraged to use the Resource Center tab at the top of your Blackboard page. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA style format. Both in-text citations and a References list are required. Citations and references must follow APA style format. Che ...
The topic I chosed is the first topic I put it in bold letters and u.docxteresehearn
The topic I chosed is the first topic I put it in bold letters and uderlined it this will be what the essay is written about. you must answer each question completely in the esssay
Choose one (1) of the topics below and develop a three to four (3-4) paragraph essay (of at least 250-500 words) which adequately address the topic you have chosen.
Topic Choices
There have been many theories regarding how the pyramids at Giza were constructed. Most experts agree that they were constructed as burial monuments for pharaohs, but “how” these ancient people constructed monuments of such great size without modern machinery is a mystery which is still being debated.
No one can say for certain what happened to the great urban Mayan civilization, but theories abound and include varied possible alternatives to explain the relatively abrupt and mysterious disappearance of the Mayan civilization.
Tutankhamen died young, at approximately eighteen (18) years of age. However, his cause of death has been the subject of quite varied scholarly theories and conclusions. Did he die of an injury, of illness, of murder, or something else?.
Minoan Crete was a major civilization in its time, but several theories have been advanced to explain its demise, including speculations associating it with mythical Atlantis. What were the causes of Minoan Civilization's decline?
Great Zimbabwe is an enormous complex of structures in East Africa. Since the builders and occupants left no written records, several theories have developed as to the identity of its builders and the functions of the structures. Which theory makes the most sense?
The monumental size and complexity of the Tomb of Shihuangdi is astounding, yet its location and construction details were to be kept secret. What was the emperor’s purpose for such an elaborate, secret burial place?
Other topic choice recommended and approved by the professor and supported by the grading rubric.
Write a three to four (3-4) paragraph paper in which you:
Clearly state the “mystery” and provide a brief summary of at least two (2) reasonable and scholarly theories which could explain the mystery. Because some theories may sound far-fetched, include the source or promoter of each theory – such as a scientist, a historian, a theologian, etc.
After summarizing at least two (2) scholarly theories, identify one (1) of the theories as the most plausible and provide at least two (2) convincing reasons why the theory you have chosen is the best one to explain the mystery. This will involve some critical reasoning skills on your part.
Use at least two (2) sources plus the class textbook. (Three [3] sources total as the minimum)
Note:
Wikipedia and other similar Websites do not qualify as academic resources. You are highly encouraged to use the Resource Center tab at the top of your Blackboard page.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size ...
ENG 130 Literature and Comp ENG 130 Argumentative Resear.docxgidmanmary
ENG 130: Literature and Comp
ENG 130: Argumentative Research Essay
Background:
You have completed research on August Wilson, his life, and his plays.
You have completed reading/viewing Fences by August Wilson.
You have read the resources on Conflict in this unit.
Prompt (what will you be writing about):
Which conflict does Wilson use most to drive (bring forth, move forward) all the other
elements of the story?
Choose ONE that you feel is more apparent and easier to defend than the others.
o Troy vs Society
o Troy vs Himself
o Troy vs Family
o Troy vs Death
Helpful Notes:
Thesis:
o Your thesis is the response to the prompt question plus the supporting areas
that you will be using to defend your argument. Be sure to have a thesis that
clearly states which conflict you feel is the most important and drives the other
conflicts.
o Your thesis could begin with, “In the play, Fences, August Wilson uses the
conflict of __________ to drive the other conflicts and elements of the story as
evidenced by….
Sources and evidence:
o Be sure to use things that you have learned about Wilson’s life and his writings.
For example, if you are analyzing Troy and his father’s conflict, you could bring
in information that you researched about Wilson’s relationship with his own
father.
o Include direct quotations from the play. To cite a direct quote from a play, the
format is:
“quotation” (Wilson,1985, act #, scene #, line #).
OR
As Wilson (1985) writes, “quote” (act#, scene #, line#).
o Use at least three outside sources. Two of them could be from your previous
research essay. Be sure to include all of these in your reference page.
Requirements:
Length and format: 3-4 pages.
The title page and reference page are also required, but they should not be factored
into the 3-4 page length of the essay.
It should also be double spaced, written in Times New Roman, in 12 point font and
with 1 inch margins. Essay should conform to APA formatting and citation style.
Use the third-person, objective voice, avoiding personal pronouns such as “I,” “you,”
“we,” etc.
Use APA format for in-text citations and references when using outside sources and
textual evidence.
Skills to be assessed with this assignment: creating effective thesis statements,
incorporating research, analyzing rhetoric.
Please be cautious about plagiarism. Make sure to use in-text citations for direct
quotes, paraphrases, and new information.
Argumentative Research Essay Rubric
Does Not Meet
Expectations
0-11
Below
Expectations
12-13
Needs
Improvement
14-15
Satisfactory
16-17
Meets
Expectations
18-20
Introduction Introduction is not
present.
Background details
are a random
collection of
information,
unclear, or not
related to the topic.
Introduction is
attempted and
explains the
background, but
may lack detail.
Introdu ...
ssignment 1 Essay – Exploring Ancient MysteriesDue Week 4 and wor.docxjensgosney
ssignment 1: Essay – Exploring Ancient Mysteries
Due Week 4 and worth 100 points
Choose one (1) of the topics below and develop a three to four (3-4) paragraph essay (of at least 250-500 words) which adequately address the topic you have chosen.
Topic Choices
There have been many theories regarding how the pyramids at Giza were constructed. Most experts agree that they were constructed as burial monuments for pharaohs, but “how” these ancient people constructed monuments of such great size without modern machinery is a mystery which is still being debated.
No one can say for certain what happened to the great urban Mayan civilization, but theories abound and include varied possible alternatives to explain the relatively abrupt and mysterious disappearance of the Mayan civilization.
Tutankhamen died young, at approximately eighteen (18) years of age. However, his cause of death has been the subject of quite varied scholarly theories and conclusions. Did he die of an injury, of illness, of murder, or something else?.
Minoan Crete was a major civilization in its time, but several theories have been advanced to explain its demise, including speculations associating it with mythical Atlantis. What were the causes of Minoan Civilization's decline?
Great Zimbabwe is an enormous complex of structures in East Africa. Since the builders and occupants left no written records, several theories have developed as to the identity of its builders and the functions of the structures. Which theory makes the most sense?
The monumental size and complexity of the Tomb of Shihuangdi is astounding, yet its location and construction details were to be kept secret. What was the emperor’s purpose for such an elaborate, secret burial place?
Other topic choice recommended and approved by the professor and supported by the grading rubric.
Write a three to four (3-4) paragraph paper in which you:
Clearly state the “mystery” and provide a brief summary of at least two (2) reasonable and scholarly theories which could explain the mystery. Because some theories may sound far-fetched, include the source or promoter of each theory – such as a scientist, a historian, a theologian, etc.
After summarizing at least two (2) scholarly theories, identify one (1) of the theories as the most plausible and provide at least two (2) convincing reasons why the theory you have chosen is the best one to explain the mystery. This will involve some critical reasoning skills on your part.
Use at least two (2) sources plus the class textbook. (Three [3] sources total as the minimum) Note: Wikipedia and other similar Websites do not qualify as academic resources. You are highly encouraged to use the Resource Center tab at the top of your Blackboard page.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA style format. Both in-text citations and .
Exploring Ancient MysteriesChoose one (1) of the topics below and .docxPOLY33
Exploring Ancient Mysteries
Choose one (1) of the topics below and develop a three to four (3-4) paragraph essay (of at least 250-500 words) which adequately address the topic you have chosen.
Topic Choices
There have been many theories regarding how the pyramids at Giza were constructed. Most experts agree that they were constructed as burial monuments for pharaohs, but “how” these ancient people constructed monuments of such great size without modern machinery is a mystery which is still being debated.
No one can say for certain what happened to the great urban Mayan civilization, but theories abound and include varied possible alternatives to explain the relatively abrupt and mysterious disappearance of the Mayan civilization.
Tutankhamen died young, at approximately eighteen (18) years of age. However, his cause of death has been the subject of quite varied scholarly theories and conclusions. Did he die of an injury, of illness, of murder, or something else?.
Minoan Crete was a major civilization in its time, but several theories have been advanced to explain its demise, including speculations associating it with mythical Atlantis. What were the causes of Minoan Civilization's decline?
Great Zimbabwe is an enormous complex of structures in East Africa. Since the builders and occupants left no written records, several theories have developed as to the identity of its builders and the functions of the structures. Which theory makes the most sense?
The monumental size and complexity of the Tomb of Shihuangdi is astounding, yet its location and construction details were to be kept secret. What was the emperor’s purpose for such an elaborate, secret burial place?
Write a three to four (3-4) paragraph paper in which you:
Clearly state the “mystery” and provide a brief summary of at least two (2) reasonable and scholarly theories which could explain the mystery. Because some theories may sound far-fetched, include the source or promoter of each theory – such as a scientist, a historian, a theologian, etc.
After summarizing at least two (2) scholarly theories, identify one (1) of the theories as the most plausible and provide at least two (2) convincing reasons why the theory you have chosen is the best one to explain the mystery. This will involve some critical reasoning skills on your part.
Use at least two (2) sources plus the class textbook. (Three [3] sources total as the minimum)
Note:
Wikipedia and other similar Websites do not qualify as academic resources. You are highly encouraged to use the Resource Center tab at the top of your Blackboard page.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA style format. Both in-text citations and a References list are required. Citations and references must follow APA style format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. (
N ...
ssignment 1 Essay – Exploring Ancient MysteriesDue Week 4 and wor.docxbryanwest16882
ssignment 1: Essay – Exploring Ancient Mysteries
Due Week 4 and worth 100 points
Choose one (1) of the topics below and develop a three to four (3-4) paragraph essay (of at least 250-500 words) which adequately address the topic you have chosen.
Topic Choices
There have been many theories regarding how the pyramids at Giza were constructed. Most experts agree that they were constructed as burial monuments for pharaohs, but “how” these ancient people constructed monuments of such great size without modern machinery is a mystery which is still being debated.
No one can say for certain what happened to the great urban Mayan civilization, but theories abound and include varied possible alternatives to explain the relatively abrupt and mysterious disappearance of the Mayan civilization.
Tutankhamen died young, at approximately eighteen (18) years of age. However, his cause of death has been the subject of quite varied scholarly theories and conclusions. Did he die of an injury, of illness, of murder, or something else?.
Minoan Crete was a major civilization in its time, but several theories have been advanced to explain its demise, including speculations associating it with mythical Atlantis. What were the causes of Minoan Civilization's decline?
Great Zimbabwe is an enormous complex of structures in East Africa. Since the builders and occupants left no written records, several theories have developed as to the identity of its builders and the functions of the structures. Which theory makes the most sense?
The monumental size and complexity of the Tomb of Shihuangdi is astounding, yet its location and construction details were to be kept secret. What was the emperor’s purpose for such an elaborate, secret burial place?
Other topic choice recommended and approved by the professor and supported by the grading rubric.
Write a three to four (3-4) paragraph paper in which you:
Clearly state the “mystery” and provide a brief summary of at least two (2) reasonable and scholarly theories which could explain the mystery. Because some theories may sound far-fetched, include the source or promoter of each theory – such as a scientist, a historian, a theologian, etc.
After summarizing at least two (2) scholarly theories, identify one (1) of the theories as the most plausible and provide at least two (2) convincing reasons why the theory you have chosen is the best one to explain the mystery. This will involve some critical reasoning skills on your part.
Use at least two (2) sources plus the class textbook. (Three [3] sources total as the minimum)
Note:
Wikipedia and other similar Websites do not qualify as academic resources. You are highly encouraged to use the Resource Center tab at the top of your Blackboard page.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA style format. Both in-text citations an.
PROJECTSo far, although you’ve done a lot of writing, it’s.docxbriancrawford30935
PROJECT
So far, although you’ve done a lot of writing, it’s all been on topics of my choice. This time, you
get to choose your topic, research it, and write a paper of approximately four pages. To help
narrow it down, I recommend choosing one of the following five choices:
• Pick an important or interesting person or event. Try to figure out why that person (or
event) is important.
• Read a work of fiction written sometime before c. 1500. Explain what that work tells us
about one aspect of its culture,
• Compare and contrast different examples of art and architecture from either different eras
in the same culture or from two different cultures that were around at about the same
time.
• Look at how two different cultures interacted and what they wrote about each other (or
how they drew/sculpted/painted each other). Explain how these cultures fried to
understand each other.
• Write a historical short story that helps explain some aspect of a particular person or
culture. (Careful! This is harder than it sounds!)
I want to leave as much freedom as possible in this, so the choice is yours. If you want to try
something different, something a little more creative, or have a better idea for a topic feel free to
run it by me. Keep in mind we’ve talked about a LOT of history by this point so there are plenty
of options. Again, if you need advice narrowing your topics down, feel free to ask. Also — don’t
get over ambitious. You’re not going to be able to give a complete Marxist analysis of the
relationship between law and ritual in the Ottoman royal court between 1300 and 1700, so,
please, don’t even try. It’s better to pick something specific and see where it takes you.
That said, the paper must meet the following requirements:
• It should be four to six pages (not including your works cited page, andlor illustrations),
• It must be typed, double-spaced, and in a font between a 10 and 12 pt.
• It must contain both a works cited page and either Chicago-style footnotes or MLA style
citations, citing your sources.
• You must use at least one primary source, that is, at least one source created in the time
period you’re looking at.
• Your topic has to be something from before c. 1500
• You may not use Wikipedia or any sites based on Wikipedia, such as About.com. I don’t
want to say you can’t use the internet, but be aware that printed books and academic
journals are still almost always better than anything online. If you’re going to use the
web, try to judge whether or not the source is reliable — and if it’s not, don’t use it.
Lastly, as always, I want to hear what you think. Don’t just rewrite what other historians say:
come up with a strong thesis statement and try to prove it as best you can. You’ve all done well
on the weekly assignments — in some cases better than you realize — and I think you can do the
same here. The paper will be due on December 7.
~ /5o a
~ptc: ~ ~aq~s ~~4s~’1 “~
Assignment: The Classical Age
This week’s wr.
Primary Source Responses When I assign you to read one or.docxstilliegeorgiana
Primary Source Responses
When I assign you to read one or more primary sources, you will respond to it by answering these six questions
below. General instructions:
• Answer each question separately. You should write at least one paragraph per question. If you have
more than one source to respond to, you must answer each source separately.
• Put all answers in one file and upload it onto Blackboard. Files must be in a .doc or .docx format.
• Please do not copy-paste the questions/suggested responses below into your assignments.
• You may use information from the textbook or lecture to help build your analysis. No sources from
outside of the course may be used.
One of the key skills history students must learn is how to use primary sources. A primary source can be a
document, artwork, artifact, or oral-history interview, just so long as it tells us something about the past and is
as close as we can get to the past. Primary sources are those sources created by people who participated in an
event, witnessed it firsthand, or at least heard about it from a credible witness.
Historians ask all manner of questions about primary sources. Here I have tried to group such questions into six
larger categories, to suggest a means by which to approach an unfamiliar source.
Six (6) Types of Questions to ask of every primary source:
1.What sort of document is it? (For example: a letter, a speech, a newspaper article, etc.) Who is the author?
And who is the intended audience or reader? When and where was the document written? Sometimes the
author will tell you explicitly. In other cases, the historian may need to make educated guesses.
2. Summarize the passage in your own words. What is the style? What are the main points of the passage?
What keywords does the author use to convey his or her point of view? Is the language formal or informal?
Does s/he use reasoned arguments or metaphors/imagery? (This should be two paragraphs: one that
summarizes the passage and one that discusses the language of the text.)
3. Why was this document created/what purpose does this document serve? Consider why the author has
decided to create this document. What has motivated them to write this? Does this source represent a group
perspective or an individual perspective?
4. What is the historical context? History is premised, in part, on the notion that any document can tell us
something about the time and place in which it was produced, and, conversely, that time and place can help us
understand the document. What was going on when this document was created? Does the author represent a
particular perspective from this era? How might these circumstances help us understand this document? Refer
to your lecture notes and textbook for help on this one if needed. BE SPECIFIC!!!!
5. What is missing? What perspectives and information is not present in the source? How does this help us to
better understand the perspecti ...
Choose one (1) of the topics below and develop a three to four (.docxvernettacrofts
Choose one (1) of the topics below and develop a three to four (3-4) paragraph essay (of at least 250-500 words) which adequately address the topic you have chosen. Use the attached file to go by and complete assignment.
Topic Choices
1. There have been many theories regarding how the pyramids at Giza were constructed. Most experts agree that they were constructed as burial monuments for pharaohs, but "how" these ancient people constructed monuments of such great size without modern machinery is a mystery which is still being debated.
2. No one can say for certain what happened to the great urban Mayan civilization, but theories abound and include varied possible alternatives to explain the relatively abrupt and mysterious disappearance of the Mayan civilization.
3. Tutankhamen died young, at approximately eighteen (18) years of age. However, his cause of death has been the subject of quite varied scholarly theories and conclusions. Did he die of an injury, of illness, of murder, or something else?
3. Minoan Crete was a major civilization in its time, but several theories have been advanced to explain its demise, including speculations associating it with mythical Atlantis. What were the causes of Minoan Civilization's decline?
4. Great Zimbabwe is an enormous complex of structures in East Africa. Since the builders and occupants left no written records, several theories have developed as to the identity of its builders and the functions of the structures. Which theory makes the most sense?
5. The monumental size and complexity of the Tomb of Shihuangdi is astounding, yet its location and construction details were to be kept secret. What was the emperors purpose for such an elaborate, secret burial place?
Write a three to four (3-4) paragraph paper in which you: Clearly state the "mystery" and provide a brief summary of at least two (2) reasonable and scholarly theories which could explain the mystery. Because some theories may sound far-fetched, include the source or promoter of each theory such as a scientist, a historian, a theologian, etc. After summarizing at least two (2) scholarly theories, identify one (1) of the theories as the most plausible and provide at least two (2) convincing reasons why the theory you have chosen is the best one to explain the mystery. This will involve some critical reasoning skills on your part. Use at least two (2) sources plus the class textbook. (Three [3] sources total as the minimum)
Note:
Wikipedia and other similar Websites do not qualify as academic resources. You are highly encouraged to use the Resource Center tab at the top of your Blackboard page. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA style format. Both in-text citations and a References list are required. Citations and references must follow APA style format. Che ...
The topic I chosed is the first topic I put it in bold letters and u.docxteresehearn
The topic I chosed is the first topic I put it in bold letters and uderlined it this will be what the essay is written about. you must answer each question completely in the esssay
Choose one (1) of the topics below and develop a three to four (3-4) paragraph essay (of at least 250-500 words) which adequately address the topic you have chosen.
Topic Choices
There have been many theories regarding how the pyramids at Giza were constructed. Most experts agree that they were constructed as burial monuments for pharaohs, but “how” these ancient people constructed monuments of such great size without modern machinery is a mystery which is still being debated.
No one can say for certain what happened to the great urban Mayan civilization, but theories abound and include varied possible alternatives to explain the relatively abrupt and mysterious disappearance of the Mayan civilization.
Tutankhamen died young, at approximately eighteen (18) years of age. However, his cause of death has been the subject of quite varied scholarly theories and conclusions. Did he die of an injury, of illness, of murder, or something else?.
Minoan Crete was a major civilization in its time, but several theories have been advanced to explain its demise, including speculations associating it with mythical Atlantis. What were the causes of Minoan Civilization's decline?
Great Zimbabwe is an enormous complex of structures in East Africa. Since the builders and occupants left no written records, several theories have developed as to the identity of its builders and the functions of the structures. Which theory makes the most sense?
The monumental size and complexity of the Tomb of Shihuangdi is astounding, yet its location and construction details were to be kept secret. What was the emperor’s purpose for such an elaborate, secret burial place?
Other topic choice recommended and approved by the professor and supported by the grading rubric.
Write a three to four (3-4) paragraph paper in which you:
Clearly state the “mystery” and provide a brief summary of at least two (2) reasonable and scholarly theories which could explain the mystery. Because some theories may sound far-fetched, include the source or promoter of each theory – such as a scientist, a historian, a theologian, etc.
After summarizing at least two (2) scholarly theories, identify one (1) of the theories as the most plausible and provide at least two (2) convincing reasons why the theory you have chosen is the best one to explain the mystery. This will involve some critical reasoning skills on your part.
Use at least two (2) sources plus the class textbook. (Three [3] sources total as the minimum)
Note:
Wikipedia and other similar Websites do not qualify as academic resources. You are highly encouraged to use the Resource Center tab at the top of your Blackboard page.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size ...
ENG 130 Literature and Comp ENG 130 Argumentative Resear.docxgidmanmary
ENG 130: Literature and Comp
ENG 130: Argumentative Research Essay
Background:
You have completed research on August Wilson, his life, and his plays.
You have completed reading/viewing Fences by August Wilson.
You have read the resources on Conflict in this unit.
Prompt (what will you be writing about):
Which conflict does Wilson use most to drive (bring forth, move forward) all the other
elements of the story?
Choose ONE that you feel is more apparent and easier to defend than the others.
o Troy vs Society
o Troy vs Himself
o Troy vs Family
o Troy vs Death
Helpful Notes:
Thesis:
o Your thesis is the response to the prompt question plus the supporting areas
that you will be using to defend your argument. Be sure to have a thesis that
clearly states which conflict you feel is the most important and drives the other
conflicts.
o Your thesis could begin with, “In the play, Fences, August Wilson uses the
conflict of __________ to drive the other conflicts and elements of the story as
evidenced by….
Sources and evidence:
o Be sure to use things that you have learned about Wilson’s life and his writings.
For example, if you are analyzing Troy and his father’s conflict, you could bring
in information that you researched about Wilson’s relationship with his own
father.
o Include direct quotations from the play. To cite a direct quote from a play, the
format is:
“quotation” (Wilson,1985, act #, scene #, line #).
OR
As Wilson (1985) writes, “quote” (act#, scene #, line#).
o Use at least three outside sources. Two of them could be from your previous
research essay. Be sure to include all of these in your reference page.
Requirements:
Length and format: 3-4 pages.
The title page and reference page are also required, but they should not be factored
into the 3-4 page length of the essay.
It should also be double spaced, written in Times New Roman, in 12 point font and
with 1 inch margins. Essay should conform to APA formatting and citation style.
Use the third-person, objective voice, avoiding personal pronouns such as “I,” “you,”
“we,” etc.
Use APA format for in-text citations and references when using outside sources and
textual evidence.
Skills to be assessed with this assignment: creating effective thesis statements,
incorporating research, analyzing rhetoric.
Please be cautious about plagiarism. Make sure to use in-text citations for direct
quotes, paraphrases, and new information.
Argumentative Research Essay Rubric
Does Not Meet
Expectations
0-11
Below
Expectations
12-13
Needs
Improvement
14-15
Satisfactory
16-17
Meets
Expectations
18-20
Introduction Introduction is not
present.
Background details
are a random
collection of
information,
unclear, or not
related to the topic.
Introduction is
attempted and
explains the
background, but
may lack detail.
Introdu ...
ssignment 1 Essay – Exploring Ancient MysteriesDue Week 4 and wor.docxjensgosney
ssignment 1: Essay – Exploring Ancient Mysteries
Due Week 4 and worth 100 points
Choose one (1) of the topics below and develop a three to four (3-4) paragraph essay (of at least 250-500 words) which adequately address the topic you have chosen.
Topic Choices
There have been many theories regarding how the pyramids at Giza were constructed. Most experts agree that they were constructed as burial monuments for pharaohs, but “how” these ancient people constructed monuments of such great size without modern machinery is a mystery which is still being debated.
No one can say for certain what happened to the great urban Mayan civilization, but theories abound and include varied possible alternatives to explain the relatively abrupt and mysterious disappearance of the Mayan civilization.
Tutankhamen died young, at approximately eighteen (18) years of age. However, his cause of death has been the subject of quite varied scholarly theories and conclusions. Did he die of an injury, of illness, of murder, or something else?.
Minoan Crete was a major civilization in its time, but several theories have been advanced to explain its demise, including speculations associating it with mythical Atlantis. What were the causes of Minoan Civilization's decline?
Great Zimbabwe is an enormous complex of structures in East Africa. Since the builders and occupants left no written records, several theories have developed as to the identity of its builders and the functions of the structures. Which theory makes the most sense?
The monumental size and complexity of the Tomb of Shihuangdi is astounding, yet its location and construction details were to be kept secret. What was the emperor’s purpose for such an elaborate, secret burial place?
Other topic choice recommended and approved by the professor and supported by the grading rubric.
Write a three to four (3-4) paragraph paper in which you:
Clearly state the “mystery” and provide a brief summary of at least two (2) reasonable and scholarly theories which could explain the mystery. Because some theories may sound far-fetched, include the source or promoter of each theory – such as a scientist, a historian, a theologian, etc.
After summarizing at least two (2) scholarly theories, identify one (1) of the theories as the most plausible and provide at least two (2) convincing reasons why the theory you have chosen is the best one to explain the mystery. This will involve some critical reasoning skills on your part.
Use at least two (2) sources plus the class textbook. (Three [3] sources total as the minimum) Note: Wikipedia and other similar Websites do not qualify as academic resources. You are highly encouraged to use the Resource Center tab at the top of your Blackboard page.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA style format. Both in-text citations and .
Exploring Ancient MysteriesChoose one (1) of the topics below and .docxPOLY33
Exploring Ancient Mysteries
Choose one (1) of the topics below and develop a three to four (3-4) paragraph essay (of at least 250-500 words) which adequately address the topic you have chosen.
Topic Choices
There have been many theories regarding how the pyramids at Giza were constructed. Most experts agree that they were constructed as burial monuments for pharaohs, but “how” these ancient people constructed monuments of such great size without modern machinery is a mystery which is still being debated.
No one can say for certain what happened to the great urban Mayan civilization, but theories abound and include varied possible alternatives to explain the relatively abrupt and mysterious disappearance of the Mayan civilization.
Tutankhamen died young, at approximately eighteen (18) years of age. However, his cause of death has been the subject of quite varied scholarly theories and conclusions. Did he die of an injury, of illness, of murder, or something else?.
Minoan Crete was a major civilization in its time, but several theories have been advanced to explain its demise, including speculations associating it with mythical Atlantis. What were the causes of Minoan Civilization's decline?
Great Zimbabwe is an enormous complex of structures in East Africa. Since the builders and occupants left no written records, several theories have developed as to the identity of its builders and the functions of the structures. Which theory makes the most sense?
The monumental size and complexity of the Tomb of Shihuangdi is astounding, yet its location and construction details were to be kept secret. What was the emperor’s purpose for such an elaborate, secret burial place?
Write a three to four (3-4) paragraph paper in which you:
Clearly state the “mystery” and provide a brief summary of at least two (2) reasonable and scholarly theories which could explain the mystery. Because some theories may sound far-fetched, include the source or promoter of each theory – such as a scientist, a historian, a theologian, etc.
After summarizing at least two (2) scholarly theories, identify one (1) of the theories as the most plausible and provide at least two (2) convincing reasons why the theory you have chosen is the best one to explain the mystery. This will involve some critical reasoning skills on your part.
Use at least two (2) sources plus the class textbook. (Three [3] sources total as the minimum)
Note:
Wikipedia and other similar Websites do not qualify as academic resources. You are highly encouraged to use the Resource Center tab at the top of your Blackboard page.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA style format. Both in-text citations and a References list are required. Citations and references must follow APA style format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. (
N ...
ssignment 1 Essay – Exploring Ancient MysteriesDue Week 4 and wor.docxbryanwest16882
ssignment 1: Essay – Exploring Ancient Mysteries
Due Week 4 and worth 100 points
Choose one (1) of the topics below and develop a three to four (3-4) paragraph essay (of at least 250-500 words) which adequately address the topic you have chosen.
Topic Choices
There have been many theories regarding how the pyramids at Giza were constructed. Most experts agree that they were constructed as burial monuments for pharaohs, but “how” these ancient people constructed monuments of such great size without modern machinery is a mystery which is still being debated.
No one can say for certain what happened to the great urban Mayan civilization, but theories abound and include varied possible alternatives to explain the relatively abrupt and mysterious disappearance of the Mayan civilization.
Tutankhamen died young, at approximately eighteen (18) years of age. However, his cause of death has been the subject of quite varied scholarly theories and conclusions. Did he die of an injury, of illness, of murder, or something else?.
Minoan Crete was a major civilization in its time, but several theories have been advanced to explain its demise, including speculations associating it with mythical Atlantis. What were the causes of Minoan Civilization's decline?
Great Zimbabwe is an enormous complex of structures in East Africa. Since the builders and occupants left no written records, several theories have developed as to the identity of its builders and the functions of the structures. Which theory makes the most sense?
The monumental size and complexity of the Tomb of Shihuangdi is astounding, yet its location and construction details were to be kept secret. What was the emperor’s purpose for such an elaborate, secret burial place?
Other topic choice recommended and approved by the professor and supported by the grading rubric.
Write a three to four (3-4) paragraph paper in which you:
Clearly state the “mystery” and provide a brief summary of at least two (2) reasonable and scholarly theories which could explain the mystery. Because some theories may sound far-fetched, include the source or promoter of each theory – such as a scientist, a historian, a theologian, etc.
After summarizing at least two (2) scholarly theories, identify one (1) of the theories as the most plausible and provide at least two (2) convincing reasons why the theory you have chosen is the best one to explain the mystery. This will involve some critical reasoning skills on your part.
Use at least two (2) sources plus the class textbook. (Three [3] sources total as the minimum)
Note:
Wikipedia and other similar Websites do not qualify as academic resources. You are highly encouraged to use the Resource Center tab at the top of your Blackboard page.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA style format. Both in-text citations an.
This document discusses the concepts of primary and secondary sources in historiography. It begins by defining primary sources as documents created during or soon after the time period being studied, while secondary sources interpret and analyze primary sources. Traditionally, historians have privileged primary sources and used them extensively in their research. However, the range of valid primary sources has expanded since the 20th century to include more social and cultural sources. Additionally, the distinction between primary and secondary sources is sometimes blurred, and postmodern historians focus more on a source's relevance than its categorization.
This document outlines an assignment for students to analyze primary sources related to history. It provides two choice options for an analysis: Choice A involves images of Native Americans in Florida, and Choice B involves images and documents about Mayan society. Students are instructed to choose one option and answer the analysis questions in 3 or more paragraphs per question, citing evidence from the provided sources. Guidelines are provided on formatting, length, citations, and grading criteria for the assignment.
320 words response paper Custom Nursing Help.pdfstudy help
The document provides definitions for primary sources and secondary sources. It instructs students to choose a primary source from a list, answer questions about the source's type, date, author/intended audience/thesis, and provide context about the historical setting of the source. Context includes circumstances that help understand the source fully. Students are asked to quote the source in their 250-350 word response.
A Literary And Philosophical Commentary To Seneca NQ 3Andrea Porter
This document provides context for Seneca's Naturales Quaestiones by summarizing Seneca's life and works. It notes that Seneca was a wealthy Roman philosopher, writer, and tutor to Nero who wrote extensively on ethics. His Naturales Quaestiones discusses aspects of the natural world from a Stoic perspective to show how understanding nature can inform ethics and help eliminate fears. This introduction discusses Seneca's education, political career under difficult emperors like Caligula, and retirement after tutoring Nero, setting the stage for his philosophical work on nature.
Assignment 1 Essay – Exploring Ancient MysteriesDue Week 4 an.docxBenitoSumpter862
Assignment 1: Essay – Exploring Ancient Mysteries
Due Week 4 and worth 100 points
Choose one (1) of the topics below and develop a three to four (3-4) paragraph essay (of at least 250-500 words) which adequately address the topic you have chosen.
Topic Choices
There have been many theories regarding how the pyramids at Giza were constructed. Most experts agree that they were constructed as burial monuments for pharaohs, but “how” these ancient people constructed monuments of such great size without modern machinery is a mystery which is still being debated.
No one can say for certain what happened to the great urban Mayan civilization, but theories abound and include varied possible alternatives to explain the relatively abrupt and mysterious disappearance of the Mayan civilization.
Tutankhamen died young, at approximately eighteen (18) years of age. However, his cause of death has been the subject of quite varied scholarly theories and conclusions. Did he die of an injury, of illness, of murder, or something else?.
Minoan Crete was a major civilization in its time, but several theories have been advanced to explain its demise, including speculations associating it with mythical Atlantis. What were the causes of Minoan Civilization's decline?
Great Zimbabwe is an enormous complex of structures in East Africa. Since the builders and occupants left no written records, several theories have developed as to the identity of its builders and the functions of the structures. Which theory makes the most sense?
The monumental size and complexity of the Tomb of Shihuangdi is astounding, yet its location and construction details were to be kept secret. What was the emperor’s purpose for such an elaborate, secret burial place?
Other topic choice recommended and approved by the professor and supported by the grading rubric.
Write a three to four (3-4) paragraph paper in which you:
Clearly state the “mystery” and provide a brief summary of at least two (2) reasonable and scholarly theories which could explain the mystery. Because some theories may sound far-fetched, include the source or promoter of each theory – such as a scientist, a historian, a theologian, etc.
After summarizing at least two (2) scholarly theories, identify one (1) of the theories as the most plausible and provide at least two (2) convincing reasons why the theory you have chosen is the best one to explain the mystery. This will involve some critical reasoning skills on your part.
Use at least two (2) sources plus the class textbook. (Three [3] sources total as the minimum)
Note:
Wikipedia and other similar Websites do not qualify as academic resources. You are highly encouraged to use the Resource Center tab at the top of your Blackboard page.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA style format. Both in-text citations a.
Assignment 1 Essay – Exploring Ancient MysteriesDue Week 4 and wo.docxmyrljjcpoarch
This document outlines an assignment for a history course to write a 3-4 paragraph essay about ancient mysteries. Students must choose from several topics about unexplained events or structures from ancient civilizations. They are to summarize at least two scholarly theories about the mystery and argue which theory is most plausible. The essay must be 250-500 words long, cite at least 3 sources using APA style, and address specific learning outcomes like explaining how culture contributes to historical changes.
Assignment 1 Essay – Exploring Ancient MysteriesDue Week 4 and wo.docxBenitoSumpter862
Assignment 1: Essay – Exploring Ancient Mysteries
Due Week 4 and worth 100 points
Choose one (1) of the topics below and develop a three to four (3-4) paragraph essay (of at least 250-500 words) which adequately address the topic you have chosen.
Topic Choices
There have been many theories regarding how the pyramids at Giza were constructed. Most experts agree that they were constructed as burial monuments for pharaohs, but “how” these ancient people constructed monuments of such great size without modern machinery is a mystery which is still being debated.
No one can say for certain what happened to the great urban Mayan civilization, but theories abound and include varied possible alternatives to explain the relatively abrupt and mysterious disappearance of the Mayan civilization.
Tutankhamen died young, at approximately eighteen (18) years of age. However, his cause of death has been the subject of quite varied scholarly theories and conclusions. Did he die of an injury, of illness, of murder, or something else?.
Minoan Crete was a major civilization in its time, but several theories have been advanced to explain its demise, including speculations associating it with mythical Atlantis. What were the causes of Minoan Civilization's decline?
Great Zimbabwe is an enormous complex of structures in East Africa. Since the builders and occupants left no written records, several theories have developed as to the identity of its builders and the functions of the structures. Which theory makes the most sense?
The monumental size and complexity of the Tomb of Shihuangdi is astounding, yet its location and construction details were to be kept secret. What was the emperor’s purpose for such an elaborate, secret burial place?
Other topic choice recommended and approved by the professor and supported by the grading rubric.
Write a three to four (3-4) paragraph paper in which you:
Clearly state the “mystery” and provide a brief summary of at least two (2) reasonable and scholarly theories which could explain the mystery. Because some theories may sound far-fetched, include the source or promoter of each theory – such as a scientist, a historian, a theologian, etc.
After summarizing at least two (2) scholarly theories, identify one (1) of the theories as the most plausible and provide at least two (2) convincing reasons why the theory you have chosen is the best one to explain the mystery. This will involve some critical reasoning skills on your part.
Use at least two (2) sources plus the class textbook. (Three [3] sources total as the minimum)
Note:
Wikipedia and other similar Websites do not qualify as academic resources. You are highly encouraged to use the Resource Center tab at the top of your Blackboard page.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA style format. Both in-text citations a.
Assignment 1 Essay – Exploring Ancient MysteriesDue Week 2 and wo.docxmyrljjcpoarch
Assignment 1: Essay – Exploring Ancient Mysteries
Due Week 2 and worth 100 points
Choose one (1) of the topics below and develop a three to four (3-4) paragraph essay (of at least 250-500 words) which adequately address the topic you have chosen.
Topic Choices
There have been many theories regarding how the pyramids at Giza were constructed. Most experts agree that they were constructed as burial monuments for pharaohs, but “how” these ancient people constructed monuments of such great size without modern machinery is a mystery which is still being debated.
No one can say for certain what happened to the great urban Mayan civilization, but theories abound and include varied possible alternatives to explain the relatively abrupt and mysterious disappearance of the Mayan civilization.
Tutankhamen died young, at approximately eighteen (18) years of age. However, his cause of death has been the subject of quite varied scholarly theories and conclusions. Did he die of an injury, of illness, of murder, or something else?.
Minoan Crete was a major civilization in its time, but several theories have been advanced to explain its demise, including speculations associating it with mythical Atlantis. What were the causes of Minoan Civilization's decline?
Great Zimbabwe is an enormous complex of structures in East Africa. Since the builders and occupants left no written records, several theories have developed as to the identity of its builders and the functions of the structures. Which theory makes the most sense?
The monumental size and complexity of the Tomb of Shihuangdi is astounding, yet its location and construction details were to be kept secret. What was the emperor’s purpose for such an elaborate, secret burial place?
Other topic choice recommended and approved by the professor and supported by the grading rubric.
Write a three to four (3-4) paragraph paper in which you:
Clearly state the “mystery” and provide a brief summary of at least two (2) reasonable and scholarly theories which could explain the mystery. Because some theories may sound far-fetched, include the source or promoter of each theory – such as a scientist, a historian, a theologian, etc.
After summarizing at least two (2) scholarly theories, identify one (1) of the theories as the most plausible and provide at least two (2) convincing reasons why the theory you have chosen is the best one to explain the mystery. This will involve some critical reasoning skills on your part.
Use at least two (2) sources plus the class textbook. (Three [3] sources total as the minimum)
Note:
Wikipedia and other similar Websites do not qualify as academic resources. You are highly encouraged to use the Resource Center tab at the top of your Blackboard page.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA style format. Both in-text citations a.
Hello, this a two part assignment answer the questions I have listedmealsdeidre
Hello, this a two part assignment answer the questions I have listed below but please read the instructions below .. no plagiarism, I will check before I submit the work.. also please put down the page number you find your information for each question please from the etextbook.. I will give that info for the etextbook to whom i trust to do the assignment
HIST-2321.WS1: World Civilizations I
1. What and How You Need to Answer:
Be certain to answer only questions that have NOT already been answered by another student. Most questions require a minimum of explanation and detail in the 200-350 word range, and would benefit from detail and development to improve the value of this "online study guide." Remember you need to only respond to a TOTAL of
FOUR
Collaboration questions for
UNIT 1
(not 4 per chapter)
Chapter 02
20. What were the characteristics and accomplishments of Pelesets and Israelites? Explain, with examples.
21. What were the characteristics and accomplishments of the Mycenaeans? Explain, with examples.
22. What were the characteristics and accomplishments of the early Greeks? Explain, with examples.
23. What was the nature and importance of polytheism in the neolithic era? Explain, with examples.
2. unit 1 Essay topics
Read below the instructions and the chapter 5 Research topics -Americas and Oceania (the chapter 5 research topics- Americas and Oceania is below so please read it)
UN01 Essay Topics
As described in the syllabus, there are several possible approaches for essays. Below are outlines for each approach for any chapter, drawing upon material was freely taken from the publisher website.
GOALS:
1. Write an essay of more than 1100 words
2. In your own words - if you must quote, count the cut-n-pasted word count of the quote AND ADD IT
TO THE 1100 word minimum requirement. 350 words in quotes means the essay should total
MORE than 1450 words.
3. Adhere to rules of English grammar, spelling and punctuation
4. Keep the phrasing in the THIRD PERSON and the tense in the past.
("One may conclude" not "I believe", and "They WERE" not "They ARE"
APPROACH 1:
The first possible approach would see you answer one or more of the questions immediately following the document or document fragment in the attached pdfs, below. Answer the question(s) by reading the document(s). You are to answer the question, with reference to the chosen document and the textbook in the form of an essay to be submitted via Canvas Turnitin button at the bottom of this page.
APPROACH 2:
The second possible approach takes you to a list of three to five documents, as above. Choose one, and then answer the following
QUESTIONS
) You should present the answers IN THE FORM OF AN ESSAY and submit it via the button below With either approach, these document-based essays should provide a clearly articulated thesis, supported by relevant det ...
American ImperialismHST165 Version 22University of Phoeni.docxnettletondevon
This document provides instructions for students to write a rough draft of a research paper comparing two art objects from different cultures. It lists four possible object comparisons for students to choose from. It outlines the formatting, content, and citation requirements for the rough draft. The grading criteria assigns points to different sections, including the introduction, thesis, object paragraphs, comparison paragraph, conclusion, title, research citations, grammar, and spelling. Students are directed to use one of the essays from the Sheriff book as a starting point to develop their argument and compare the two objects.
Assignment 1 Essay – Exploring Ancient MysteriesDue Week 4 and wo.docxmurgatroydcrista
This document outlines an assignment for a history course to write a 3-4 paragraph essay explaining theories about an ancient mystery. Students must choose from topics about the construction of the pyramids, the decline of the Mayan civilization, the death of Tutankhamen, the demise of Minoan Crete, the builders of Great Zimbabwe, or the purpose of the Tomb of Shihuangdi. The essay must summarize at least two scholarly theories on the chosen topic, identify the most plausible theory, and provide two reasons why it is the best explanation. Students must cite at least two sources plus the textbook in APA style. The assignment aims to help students explain how culture contributes to history, situate expressions in context,
1 Ideas to consider for the midterm in World History; pe.docxmercysuttle
1
Ideas to consider for the midterm in World History; people, places and events to study.
People; actual, fictional & spiritual:
Khafre, Hammurabi, Sun Tzu, Laozi, Confucius, Mencius, Sita, Siddhartha Gautama, Ashoka,
Herodotus, Alexander, Antigone, Thucydides, Aristotle, Cato the Elder, Julius Caesar, Augustus
Caesar, Juvenal, Hannibal, Amaterasu, Ezana, Sheba.
Places:
Banpo, Thebes, Marathon, Persia, Carthage, Rome, Anatolia, Nile, Yangtze, Yellow, Ganges,
Indus, Crete, Herculaneum, Kumbi Saleh, Axum, Mali, Honshu, Andes, Teotihuacan, Tikal.
Ideas, events:
Paleolithic, Shang, Caste, Four Noble Truths, Hellenism, Etruscans, Minoans, Nara, Indo-
Europeans, Zoroastrianism, Gupta Empire, Delian League, Olmec, Maori, Hieroglyphs,
Cuneiform, Polytheism, Animism, Nomadic, Völkerwanderungen, Bantu.
Map
Map
Can you find: China, India, Egypt, Rome, Greece, Mesopotamia, Persia, Arabia, Anatolia,
Carthage, Britain, Gaul, Korea, Japan, India, and Sahara?
2
3
Short answer questions.
1. Consider the commonality among the various regions as well as the differences from one era
to the next? What makes each unique and where are they similar? Can you draw any
conclusions?
2. Early civilisations, what does it mean? Classical civilisations, what does it mean? How do
they differ? Use examples.
3. Consider the primary source readings we have read regarding the early and classical
civilizations. What do they say about the people of their time as compared to us? Use examples
from the readings.
4. Examine the role of women; where and when do they have it better or worse, use text and
readings to demonstrate? Use examples.
5. Where has family life been illustrated in the readings? How do they compare in terms of
locations and eras of time? Use examples.
6. How do philosophical ideas differ from religious ideas; consider desired outcomes?
7. Why did the early civilisations and some of the classical civilisations ultimately fail?
8. Consider how language plays role in civilisations, both ancient and classical.
Peer Review Journal Paper Overview of assignment due 17 April 2014
I want you to find a peer review article that falls into our time frame: world history from the
emergence of humanity to 1500 CE. I want you to present the thesis [argument] the author is
putting forward. I want you then to find two other sources on the same subject and determine if
those sources agree or disagree with your original source. The theme here is peer review and the
notion of historiography; whether or not how we look at an event or theme of history changes
over time? The choice of topic is up to you but please let me know what you are doing by email
and let me know what your peer review source is so I can be sure it is appropriate for the course.
If you want some help in finding an article; please let me or a librarian know what you might be
interested in. I really need to k ...
The document provides guidance on research skills for a history course. It discusses selecting a focused topic, incorporating information through paraphrasing rather than extensive quoting, and including accurate citations in Chicago style. Scanning sources for relevant passages, paraphrasing to demonstrate understanding, and citing work to avoid plagiarism are emphasized.
Students, please view the Submit a Clickable Rubric Assignment i.docxjonghollingberry
Students
, please view the "Submit a Clickable Rubric Assignment" in the Student Center.
Instructors
, training on how to grade is within the Instructor Center.
Assignment 1: Essay – Exploring Ancient Mysteries
Due Week 4 and worth 100 points
Choose one (1) of the topics below and develop a three to four (3-4) paragraph essay (of at least 250-500 words) which adequately address the topic you have chosen.
Topic Choices
There have been many theories regarding how the pyramids at Giza were constructed. Most experts agree that they were constructed as burial monuments for pharaohs, but “how” these ancient people constructed monuments of such great size without modern machinery is a mystery which is still being debated.
No one can say for certain what happened to the great urban Mayan civilization, but theories abound and include varied possible alternatives to explain the relatively abrupt and mysterious disappearance of the Mayan civilization.
Tutankhamen died young, at approximately eighteen (18) years of age. However, his cause of death has been the subject of quite varied scholarly theories and conclusions. Did he die of an injury, of illness, of murder, or something else?.
Minoan Crete was a major civilization in its time, but several theories have been advanced to explain its demise, including speculations associating it with mythical Atlantis. What were the causes of Minoan Civilization's decline?
Great Zimbabwe is an enormous complex of structures in East Africa. Since the builders and occupants left no written records, several theories have developed as to the identity of its builders and the functions of the structures. Which theory makes the most sense?
The monumental size and complexity of the Tomb of Shihuangdi is astounding, yet its location and construction details were to be kept secret. What was the emperor’s purpose for such an elaborate, secret burial place?
Other topic choice recommended and approved by the professor and supported by the grading rubric.
Write a three to four (3-4) paragraph paper in which you:
Clearly state the “mystery” and provide a brief summary of at least two (2) reasonable and scholarly theories which could explain the mystery. Because some theories may sound far-fetched, include the source or promoter of each theory – such as a scientist, a historian, a theologian, etc.
After summarizing at least two (2) scholarly theories, identify one (1) of the theories as the most plausible and provide at least two (2) convincing reasons why the theory you have chosen is the best one to explain the mystery. This will involve some critical reasoning skills on your part.
Use at least two (2) sources plus the class textbook. (Three [3] sources total as the minimum)
Note:
Wikipedia and other similar Websites do not qualify as academic resources. You are highly encouraged to use the Resource Center tab at the top of your Blackboard page.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed.
Compare And Contrast Poem Essay - GCSE English - Marked by Teachers.com. How to Write a Compare and Contrast Essay Outline Point-By-Point With .... Compare And Contrast Essay Outline Template – Telegraph. Compare Contrast Poetry Essay Explanations. Essay compare and contrast poems and short. 2 poems to compare and contrast. Compare and Contrast the two poems .... Compare and contrast of poetry essay project/tutorialoutlet. Compare and contrast poetry essay assignment. 003 Compare And Contrast Essay Examples College Example Of Poetry At .... Compare contrast poem essay - myteacherpages.x.fc2.com. Miki's ISU: Novel/ Poem Compare and Contrast Frame. Compare and contrast the two poems Essay Example | Topics and Well .... PPT - Compare & Contrast Poem #1 PowerPoint Presentation, free download .... 14 Poems to Compare and Contrast Like an Expert. Poetry- Comparison/Contrast Essay. Compare and Contrast Activities - Poems, Reading Passages, and More .... Compare contrast poetry essays. an image of two pages with words written in black and white on the same .... Compare And Contrast Poem Essay - Compare And Contrast Poem Essay. This is an essay which will compare and contrast two poems - GCSE .... Strong Compare and Contrast Essay Examples. Poem Compare and Contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written .... Compare and Contrast with Poetry by Laura Heflin | TpT. Compare and Contrast the Two Poems - GCSE English - Marked by Teachers.com Compare And Contrast Poetry Essay
A Brief Guide To Writing The History PaperScott Donald
This document provides guidance on writing history papers. It discusses that history papers involve selection and interpretation because historians can only study a small portion of the vast historical record. The document outlines different types of history papers, such as narrative papers organized chronologically and analytical papers organized by topic. It also describes common arguments in review essays, which analyze assigned readings, and research papers, which involve additional research. The document offers strategies for developing an original argument, such as asking interpretive questions, closely reading a few sources, and considering change over time. It emphasizes that sources must be critically analyzed to extract evidence to support an argument.
CLAS 1110, Prof. Yarrow, Writing Assignment #2 The objecti.docxclarebernice
This document provides instructions for Writing Assignment #2 for CLAS 1110 taught by Prof. Yarrow. Students are asked to analyze references to classical literature and ancient Greece in either The New Yorker or New York Times by searching for mentions of authors, characters, or places studied in class. They must choose 5-6 articles from the Times or 3 articles from The New Yorker, at least one within the last year. The paper should be persuasive, with a clear thesis supported by specific examples and analysis. It must be 900-1200 words and follow MLA formatting guidelines.
Essay About Experience In Life. An Unforgettable ExpeAshley Cornett
The document discusses the differences between the book and movie versions of The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. Some key differences mentioned include that in the book, Lucy tells the others about Narnia and Mr. Tumnus before the events are shown, whereas in the movie this is shown as a flashback. Additionally, characters like Mrs. Macready, Father Christmas and Rumblebuffin are cut from the movie. Overall, the movie follows the plot of the book very closely with only minor differences that do not impact the overall story.
This introduction provides guidance for studying English and American literature. It recommends focusing on major historical periods defined by towering literary figures. For England, these include Chaucer, Milton, Shakespeare, and Dickens. For America, suggestions include Edwards, Franklin, Emerson and Hawthorne. The introduction advises concentrating on one period, its authors, and genres. Alternatively, one could examine a period's influence on religion, commerce, politics or society. The goal is a harmonious understanding of literature's reflection of human thought and struggles over time.
His 204 week 5 final paper native american historysivakumar4841
HIS 204 Week 5 Final Paper Native American history
HIS 204 Week 5 DQ 2 The Lived Experience of Ordinary People
HIS 204 Week 5 DQ 1 The Age of Reagan
HIS 204 Week 4 Quiz
HIS 204 Week 4 DQ 2 Cold War
HIS 204 Week 4 DQ 1 A Single American Nation
HIS 304 Week 3 Quiz
HIS 204 Week 3 Final Paper Preparation (Native American history)
HIS 204 Week 3 DQ 2 The End of Isolation
HIS 204 Week 3 DQ 1 Normalcy and the New Deal
HIS 204 Week 2 Quiz
HIS 204 Week 2 Paper The Progressive Presidents
HIS 204 Week 2 DQ 2 America's Age of Imperialism
HIS 204 Week 2 DQ 1 The Progressive Movement
HIS 204 Week 1 Quiz
HIS 204 Week 1 DQ 2 The Industrial Revolution
HIS 204 Week 1 DQ 1 The History of Reconstruction
Option #2Researching a Leader Complete preliminary rese.docxmccormicknadine86
Option #2:
Researching a Leader
Complete preliminary research on the Internet and/or using online library databases. Compose a 1 PAGE summary of sources and an overview of each source.
Post any questions or comments about the content or requirements of the Portfolio Project to the questions thread in the Discussion Forum.
.
Option 1 ImperialismThe exploitation of colonial resources.docxmccormicknadine86
Option 1: Imperialism
The exploitation of colonial resources and indigenous labor was one of the key elements in the success of imperialism. Such exploitation was a result of the prevalent ethnocentrism of the time and was justified by the unscientific concept of social Darwinism, which praised the characteristics of white Europeans and inaccurately ascribed negative characteristics to indigenous peoples. A famous poem of the time by Rudyard Kipling, "White Man's Burden," called on imperial powers, and particularly the U.S., at whom the poem was directed, to take up the mission of civilizing these "savage" peoples.
Read the poem at the following link:
Link (website):
White Man's Burden (Links to an external site.)
(Rudyard Kipling)
After reading the poem, address the following in a case study analysis:
Select a specific part of the world (a country), and examine imperialism in that country. What was the relationship between the invading country and the native people? You can select from these examples or choose your own:
Belgium & Africa
Britain & India
Germany & Africa
France & Africa
Apply social Darwinism to this specific case.
Analyze the motivations of the invading country?
How did ethnocentrism manifest in their interactions?
How does Kipling's poem apply to your specific example? You can quote lines for comparison.
.
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Assignment 1 Essay – Exploring Ancient MysteriesDue Week 4 an.docxBenitoSumpter862
Assignment 1: Essay – Exploring Ancient Mysteries
Due Week 4 and worth 100 points
Choose one (1) of the topics below and develop a three to four (3-4) paragraph essay (of at least 250-500 words) which adequately address the topic you have chosen.
Topic Choices
There have been many theories regarding how the pyramids at Giza were constructed. Most experts agree that they were constructed as burial monuments for pharaohs, but “how” these ancient people constructed monuments of such great size without modern machinery is a mystery which is still being debated.
No one can say for certain what happened to the great urban Mayan civilization, but theories abound and include varied possible alternatives to explain the relatively abrupt and mysterious disappearance of the Mayan civilization.
Tutankhamen died young, at approximately eighteen (18) years of age. However, his cause of death has been the subject of quite varied scholarly theories and conclusions. Did he die of an injury, of illness, of murder, or something else?.
Minoan Crete was a major civilization in its time, but several theories have been advanced to explain its demise, including speculations associating it with mythical Atlantis. What were the causes of Minoan Civilization's decline?
Great Zimbabwe is an enormous complex of structures in East Africa. Since the builders and occupants left no written records, several theories have developed as to the identity of its builders and the functions of the structures. Which theory makes the most sense?
The monumental size and complexity of the Tomb of Shihuangdi is astounding, yet its location and construction details were to be kept secret. What was the emperor’s purpose for such an elaborate, secret burial place?
Other topic choice recommended and approved by the professor and supported by the grading rubric.
Write a three to four (3-4) paragraph paper in which you:
Clearly state the “mystery” and provide a brief summary of at least two (2) reasonable and scholarly theories which could explain the mystery. Because some theories may sound far-fetched, include the source or promoter of each theory – such as a scientist, a historian, a theologian, etc.
After summarizing at least two (2) scholarly theories, identify one (1) of the theories as the most plausible and provide at least two (2) convincing reasons why the theory you have chosen is the best one to explain the mystery. This will involve some critical reasoning skills on your part.
Use at least two (2) sources plus the class textbook. (Three [3] sources total as the minimum)
Note:
Wikipedia and other similar Websites do not qualify as academic resources. You are highly encouraged to use the Resource Center tab at the top of your Blackboard page.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA style format. Both in-text citations a.
Assignment 1 Essay – Exploring Ancient MysteriesDue Week 4 and wo.docxmyrljjcpoarch
This document outlines an assignment for a history course to write a 3-4 paragraph essay about ancient mysteries. Students must choose from several topics about unexplained events or structures from ancient civilizations. They are to summarize at least two scholarly theories about the mystery and argue which theory is most plausible. The essay must be 250-500 words long, cite at least 3 sources using APA style, and address specific learning outcomes like explaining how culture contributes to historical changes.
Assignment 1 Essay – Exploring Ancient MysteriesDue Week 4 and wo.docxBenitoSumpter862
Assignment 1: Essay – Exploring Ancient Mysteries
Due Week 4 and worth 100 points
Choose one (1) of the topics below and develop a three to four (3-4) paragraph essay (of at least 250-500 words) which adequately address the topic you have chosen.
Topic Choices
There have been many theories regarding how the pyramids at Giza were constructed. Most experts agree that they were constructed as burial monuments for pharaohs, but “how” these ancient people constructed monuments of such great size without modern machinery is a mystery which is still being debated.
No one can say for certain what happened to the great urban Mayan civilization, but theories abound and include varied possible alternatives to explain the relatively abrupt and mysterious disappearance of the Mayan civilization.
Tutankhamen died young, at approximately eighteen (18) years of age. However, his cause of death has been the subject of quite varied scholarly theories and conclusions. Did he die of an injury, of illness, of murder, or something else?.
Minoan Crete was a major civilization in its time, but several theories have been advanced to explain its demise, including speculations associating it with mythical Atlantis. What were the causes of Minoan Civilization's decline?
Great Zimbabwe is an enormous complex of structures in East Africa. Since the builders and occupants left no written records, several theories have developed as to the identity of its builders and the functions of the structures. Which theory makes the most sense?
The monumental size and complexity of the Tomb of Shihuangdi is astounding, yet its location and construction details were to be kept secret. What was the emperor’s purpose for such an elaborate, secret burial place?
Other topic choice recommended and approved by the professor and supported by the grading rubric.
Write a three to four (3-4) paragraph paper in which you:
Clearly state the “mystery” and provide a brief summary of at least two (2) reasonable and scholarly theories which could explain the mystery. Because some theories may sound far-fetched, include the source or promoter of each theory – such as a scientist, a historian, a theologian, etc.
After summarizing at least two (2) scholarly theories, identify one (1) of the theories as the most plausible and provide at least two (2) convincing reasons why the theory you have chosen is the best one to explain the mystery. This will involve some critical reasoning skills on your part.
Use at least two (2) sources plus the class textbook. (Three [3] sources total as the minimum)
Note:
Wikipedia and other similar Websites do not qualify as academic resources. You are highly encouraged to use the Resource Center tab at the top of your Blackboard page.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA style format. Both in-text citations a.
Assignment 1 Essay – Exploring Ancient MysteriesDue Week 2 and wo.docxmyrljjcpoarch
Assignment 1: Essay – Exploring Ancient Mysteries
Due Week 2 and worth 100 points
Choose one (1) of the topics below and develop a three to four (3-4) paragraph essay (of at least 250-500 words) which adequately address the topic you have chosen.
Topic Choices
There have been many theories regarding how the pyramids at Giza were constructed. Most experts agree that they were constructed as burial monuments for pharaohs, but “how” these ancient people constructed monuments of such great size without modern machinery is a mystery which is still being debated.
No one can say for certain what happened to the great urban Mayan civilization, but theories abound and include varied possible alternatives to explain the relatively abrupt and mysterious disappearance of the Mayan civilization.
Tutankhamen died young, at approximately eighteen (18) years of age. However, his cause of death has been the subject of quite varied scholarly theories and conclusions. Did he die of an injury, of illness, of murder, or something else?.
Minoan Crete was a major civilization in its time, but several theories have been advanced to explain its demise, including speculations associating it with mythical Atlantis. What were the causes of Minoan Civilization's decline?
Great Zimbabwe is an enormous complex of structures in East Africa. Since the builders and occupants left no written records, several theories have developed as to the identity of its builders and the functions of the structures. Which theory makes the most sense?
The monumental size and complexity of the Tomb of Shihuangdi is astounding, yet its location and construction details were to be kept secret. What was the emperor’s purpose for such an elaborate, secret burial place?
Other topic choice recommended and approved by the professor and supported by the grading rubric.
Write a three to four (3-4) paragraph paper in which you:
Clearly state the “mystery” and provide a brief summary of at least two (2) reasonable and scholarly theories which could explain the mystery. Because some theories may sound far-fetched, include the source or promoter of each theory – such as a scientist, a historian, a theologian, etc.
After summarizing at least two (2) scholarly theories, identify one (1) of the theories as the most plausible and provide at least two (2) convincing reasons why the theory you have chosen is the best one to explain the mystery. This will involve some critical reasoning skills on your part.
Use at least two (2) sources plus the class textbook. (Three [3] sources total as the minimum)
Note:
Wikipedia and other similar Websites do not qualify as academic resources. You are highly encouraged to use the Resource Center tab at the top of your Blackboard page.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA style format. Both in-text citations a.
Hello, this a two part assignment answer the questions I have listedmealsdeidre
Hello, this a two part assignment answer the questions I have listed below but please read the instructions below .. no plagiarism, I will check before I submit the work.. also please put down the page number you find your information for each question please from the etextbook.. I will give that info for the etextbook to whom i trust to do the assignment
HIST-2321.WS1: World Civilizations I
1. What and How You Need to Answer:
Be certain to answer only questions that have NOT already been answered by another student. Most questions require a minimum of explanation and detail in the 200-350 word range, and would benefit from detail and development to improve the value of this "online study guide." Remember you need to only respond to a TOTAL of
FOUR
Collaboration questions for
UNIT 1
(not 4 per chapter)
Chapter 02
20. What were the characteristics and accomplishments of Pelesets and Israelites? Explain, with examples.
21. What were the characteristics and accomplishments of the Mycenaeans? Explain, with examples.
22. What were the characteristics and accomplishments of the early Greeks? Explain, with examples.
23. What was the nature and importance of polytheism in the neolithic era? Explain, with examples.
2. unit 1 Essay topics
Read below the instructions and the chapter 5 Research topics -Americas and Oceania (the chapter 5 research topics- Americas and Oceania is below so please read it)
UN01 Essay Topics
As described in the syllabus, there are several possible approaches for essays. Below are outlines for each approach for any chapter, drawing upon material was freely taken from the publisher website.
GOALS:
1. Write an essay of more than 1100 words
2. In your own words - if you must quote, count the cut-n-pasted word count of the quote AND ADD IT
TO THE 1100 word minimum requirement. 350 words in quotes means the essay should total
MORE than 1450 words.
3. Adhere to rules of English grammar, spelling and punctuation
4. Keep the phrasing in the THIRD PERSON and the tense in the past.
("One may conclude" not "I believe", and "They WERE" not "They ARE"
APPROACH 1:
The first possible approach would see you answer one or more of the questions immediately following the document or document fragment in the attached pdfs, below. Answer the question(s) by reading the document(s). You are to answer the question, with reference to the chosen document and the textbook in the form of an essay to be submitted via Canvas Turnitin button at the bottom of this page.
APPROACH 2:
The second possible approach takes you to a list of three to five documents, as above. Choose one, and then answer the following
QUESTIONS
) You should present the answers IN THE FORM OF AN ESSAY and submit it via the button below With either approach, these document-based essays should provide a clearly articulated thesis, supported by relevant det ...
American ImperialismHST165 Version 22University of Phoeni.docxnettletondevon
This document provides instructions for students to write a rough draft of a research paper comparing two art objects from different cultures. It lists four possible object comparisons for students to choose from. It outlines the formatting, content, and citation requirements for the rough draft. The grading criteria assigns points to different sections, including the introduction, thesis, object paragraphs, comparison paragraph, conclusion, title, research citations, grammar, and spelling. Students are directed to use one of the essays from the Sheriff book as a starting point to develop their argument and compare the two objects.
Assignment 1 Essay – Exploring Ancient MysteriesDue Week 4 and wo.docxmurgatroydcrista
This document outlines an assignment for a history course to write a 3-4 paragraph essay explaining theories about an ancient mystery. Students must choose from topics about the construction of the pyramids, the decline of the Mayan civilization, the death of Tutankhamen, the demise of Minoan Crete, the builders of Great Zimbabwe, or the purpose of the Tomb of Shihuangdi. The essay must summarize at least two scholarly theories on the chosen topic, identify the most plausible theory, and provide two reasons why it is the best explanation. Students must cite at least two sources plus the textbook in APA style. The assignment aims to help students explain how culture contributes to history, situate expressions in context,
1 Ideas to consider for the midterm in World History; pe.docxmercysuttle
1
Ideas to consider for the midterm in World History; people, places and events to study.
People; actual, fictional & spiritual:
Khafre, Hammurabi, Sun Tzu, Laozi, Confucius, Mencius, Sita, Siddhartha Gautama, Ashoka,
Herodotus, Alexander, Antigone, Thucydides, Aristotle, Cato the Elder, Julius Caesar, Augustus
Caesar, Juvenal, Hannibal, Amaterasu, Ezana, Sheba.
Places:
Banpo, Thebes, Marathon, Persia, Carthage, Rome, Anatolia, Nile, Yangtze, Yellow, Ganges,
Indus, Crete, Herculaneum, Kumbi Saleh, Axum, Mali, Honshu, Andes, Teotihuacan, Tikal.
Ideas, events:
Paleolithic, Shang, Caste, Four Noble Truths, Hellenism, Etruscans, Minoans, Nara, Indo-
Europeans, Zoroastrianism, Gupta Empire, Delian League, Olmec, Maori, Hieroglyphs,
Cuneiform, Polytheism, Animism, Nomadic, Völkerwanderungen, Bantu.
Map
Map
Can you find: China, India, Egypt, Rome, Greece, Mesopotamia, Persia, Arabia, Anatolia,
Carthage, Britain, Gaul, Korea, Japan, India, and Sahara?
2
3
Short answer questions.
1. Consider the commonality among the various regions as well as the differences from one era
to the next? What makes each unique and where are they similar? Can you draw any
conclusions?
2. Early civilisations, what does it mean? Classical civilisations, what does it mean? How do
they differ? Use examples.
3. Consider the primary source readings we have read regarding the early and classical
civilizations. What do they say about the people of their time as compared to us? Use examples
from the readings.
4. Examine the role of women; where and when do they have it better or worse, use text and
readings to demonstrate? Use examples.
5. Where has family life been illustrated in the readings? How do they compare in terms of
locations and eras of time? Use examples.
6. How do philosophical ideas differ from religious ideas; consider desired outcomes?
7. Why did the early civilisations and some of the classical civilisations ultimately fail?
8. Consider how language plays role in civilisations, both ancient and classical.
Peer Review Journal Paper Overview of assignment due 17 April 2014
I want you to find a peer review article that falls into our time frame: world history from the
emergence of humanity to 1500 CE. I want you to present the thesis [argument] the author is
putting forward. I want you then to find two other sources on the same subject and determine if
those sources agree or disagree with your original source. The theme here is peer review and the
notion of historiography; whether or not how we look at an event or theme of history changes
over time? The choice of topic is up to you but please let me know what you are doing by email
and let me know what your peer review source is so I can be sure it is appropriate for the course.
If you want some help in finding an article; please let me or a librarian know what you might be
interested in. I really need to k ...
The document provides guidance on research skills for a history course. It discusses selecting a focused topic, incorporating information through paraphrasing rather than extensive quoting, and including accurate citations in Chicago style. Scanning sources for relevant passages, paraphrasing to demonstrate understanding, and citing work to avoid plagiarism are emphasized.
Students, please view the Submit a Clickable Rubric Assignment i.docxjonghollingberry
Students
, please view the "Submit a Clickable Rubric Assignment" in the Student Center.
Instructors
, training on how to grade is within the Instructor Center.
Assignment 1: Essay – Exploring Ancient Mysteries
Due Week 4 and worth 100 points
Choose one (1) of the topics below and develop a three to four (3-4) paragraph essay (of at least 250-500 words) which adequately address the topic you have chosen.
Topic Choices
There have been many theories regarding how the pyramids at Giza were constructed. Most experts agree that they were constructed as burial monuments for pharaohs, but “how” these ancient people constructed monuments of such great size without modern machinery is a mystery which is still being debated.
No one can say for certain what happened to the great urban Mayan civilization, but theories abound and include varied possible alternatives to explain the relatively abrupt and mysterious disappearance of the Mayan civilization.
Tutankhamen died young, at approximately eighteen (18) years of age. However, his cause of death has been the subject of quite varied scholarly theories and conclusions. Did he die of an injury, of illness, of murder, or something else?.
Minoan Crete was a major civilization in its time, but several theories have been advanced to explain its demise, including speculations associating it with mythical Atlantis. What were the causes of Minoan Civilization's decline?
Great Zimbabwe is an enormous complex of structures in East Africa. Since the builders and occupants left no written records, several theories have developed as to the identity of its builders and the functions of the structures. Which theory makes the most sense?
The monumental size and complexity of the Tomb of Shihuangdi is astounding, yet its location and construction details were to be kept secret. What was the emperor’s purpose for such an elaborate, secret burial place?
Other topic choice recommended and approved by the professor and supported by the grading rubric.
Write a three to four (3-4) paragraph paper in which you:
Clearly state the “mystery” and provide a brief summary of at least two (2) reasonable and scholarly theories which could explain the mystery. Because some theories may sound far-fetched, include the source or promoter of each theory – such as a scientist, a historian, a theologian, etc.
After summarizing at least two (2) scholarly theories, identify one (1) of the theories as the most plausible and provide at least two (2) convincing reasons why the theory you have chosen is the best one to explain the mystery. This will involve some critical reasoning skills on your part.
Use at least two (2) sources plus the class textbook. (Three [3] sources total as the minimum)
Note:
Wikipedia and other similar Websites do not qualify as academic resources. You are highly encouraged to use the Resource Center tab at the top of your Blackboard page.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed.
Compare And Contrast Poem Essay - GCSE English - Marked by Teachers.com. How to Write a Compare and Contrast Essay Outline Point-By-Point With .... Compare And Contrast Essay Outline Template – Telegraph. Compare Contrast Poetry Essay Explanations. Essay compare and contrast poems and short. 2 poems to compare and contrast. Compare and Contrast the two poems .... Compare and contrast of poetry essay project/tutorialoutlet. Compare and contrast poetry essay assignment. 003 Compare And Contrast Essay Examples College Example Of Poetry At .... Compare contrast poem essay - myteacherpages.x.fc2.com. Miki's ISU: Novel/ Poem Compare and Contrast Frame. Compare and contrast the two poems Essay Example | Topics and Well .... PPT - Compare & Contrast Poem #1 PowerPoint Presentation, free download .... 14 Poems to Compare and Contrast Like an Expert. Poetry- Comparison/Contrast Essay. Compare and Contrast Activities - Poems, Reading Passages, and More .... Compare contrast poetry essays. an image of two pages with words written in black and white on the same .... Compare And Contrast Poem Essay - Compare And Contrast Poem Essay. This is an essay which will compare and contrast two poems - GCSE .... Strong Compare and Contrast Essay Examples. Poem Compare and Contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written .... Compare and Contrast with Poetry by Laura Heflin | TpT. Compare and Contrast the Two Poems - GCSE English - Marked by Teachers.com Compare And Contrast Poetry Essay
A Brief Guide To Writing The History PaperScott Donald
This document provides guidance on writing history papers. It discusses that history papers involve selection and interpretation because historians can only study a small portion of the vast historical record. The document outlines different types of history papers, such as narrative papers organized chronologically and analytical papers organized by topic. It also describes common arguments in review essays, which analyze assigned readings, and research papers, which involve additional research. The document offers strategies for developing an original argument, such as asking interpretive questions, closely reading a few sources, and considering change over time. It emphasizes that sources must be critically analyzed to extract evidence to support an argument.
CLAS 1110, Prof. Yarrow, Writing Assignment #2 The objecti.docxclarebernice
This document provides instructions for Writing Assignment #2 for CLAS 1110 taught by Prof. Yarrow. Students are asked to analyze references to classical literature and ancient Greece in either The New Yorker or New York Times by searching for mentions of authors, characters, or places studied in class. They must choose 5-6 articles from the Times or 3 articles from The New Yorker, at least one within the last year. The paper should be persuasive, with a clear thesis supported by specific examples and analysis. It must be 900-1200 words and follow MLA formatting guidelines.
Essay About Experience In Life. An Unforgettable ExpeAshley Cornett
The document discusses the differences between the book and movie versions of The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. Some key differences mentioned include that in the book, Lucy tells the others about Narnia and Mr. Tumnus before the events are shown, whereas in the movie this is shown as a flashback. Additionally, characters like Mrs. Macready, Father Christmas and Rumblebuffin are cut from the movie. Overall, the movie follows the plot of the book very closely with only minor differences that do not impact the overall story.
This introduction provides guidance for studying English and American literature. It recommends focusing on major historical periods defined by towering literary figures. For England, these include Chaucer, Milton, Shakespeare, and Dickens. For America, suggestions include Edwards, Franklin, Emerson and Hawthorne. The introduction advises concentrating on one period, its authors, and genres. Alternatively, one could examine a period's influence on religion, commerce, politics or society. The goal is a harmonious understanding of literature's reflection of human thought and struggles over time.
His 204 week 5 final paper native american historysivakumar4841
HIS 204 Week 5 Final Paper Native American history
HIS 204 Week 5 DQ 2 The Lived Experience of Ordinary People
HIS 204 Week 5 DQ 1 The Age of Reagan
HIS 204 Week 4 Quiz
HIS 204 Week 4 DQ 2 Cold War
HIS 204 Week 4 DQ 1 A Single American Nation
HIS 304 Week 3 Quiz
HIS 204 Week 3 Final Paper Preparation (Native American history)
HIS 204 Week 3 DQ 2 The End of Isolation
HIS 204 Week 3 DQ 1 Normalcy and the New Deal
HIS 204 Week 2 Quiz
HIS 204 Week 2 Paper The Progressive Presidents
HIS 204 Week 2 DQ 2 America's Age of Imperialism
HIS 204 Week 2 DQ 1 The Progressive Movement
HIS 204 Week 1 Quiz
HIS 204 Week 1 DQ 2 The Industrial Revolution
HIS 204 Week 1 DQ 1 The History of Reconstruction
Similar to ClassicsHistory 1M03 Dr. J. Reeves Winter 2018 Essay Assi.docx (20)
Option #2Researching a Leader Complete preliminary rese.docxmccormicknadine86
Option #2:
Researching a Leader
Complete preliminary research on the Internet and/or using online library databases. Compose a 1 PAGE summary of sources and an overview of each source.
Post any questions or comments about the content or requirements of the Portfolio Project to the questions thread in the Discussion Forum.
.
Option 1 ImperialismThe exploitation of colonial resources.docxmccormicknadine86
Option 1: Imperialism
The exploitation of colonial resources and indigenous labor was one of the key elements in the success of imperialism. Such exploitation was a result of the prevalent ethnocentrism of the time and was justified by the unscientific concept of social Darwinism, which praised the characteristics of white Europeans and inaccurately ascribed negative characteristics to indigenous peoples. A famous poem of the time by Rudyard Kipling, "White Man's Burden," called on imperial powers, and particularly the U.S., at whom the poem was directed, to take up the mission of civilizing these "savage" peoples.
Read the poem at the following link:
Link (website):
White Man's Burden (Links to an external site.)
(Rudyard Kipling)
After reading the poem, address the following in a case study analysis:
Select a specific part of the world (a country), and examine imperialism in that country. What was the relationship between the invading country and the native people? You can select from these examples or choose your own:
Belgium & Africa
Britain & India
Germany & Africa
France & Africa
Apply social Darwinism to this specific case.
Analyze the motivations of the invading country?
How did ethnocentrism manifest in their interactions?
How does Kipling's poem apply to your specific example? You can quote lines for comparison.
.
Option Wireless LTD v. OpenPeak, Inc.Be sure to save an elec.docxmccormicknadine86
Option Wireless LTD v. OpenPeak, Inc.
Be sure to save an electronic copy of your answers before submitting it to Ashworth College for grading. Unless otherwise stated, you should answer in complete sentences, and be sure to use correct English, spelling, and grammar. Sources must be cited in APA format.
Your response should be a minimum of four (4) double-spaced pages; refer to the Length and Formatting instructions below for additional details.
In complete sentences respond to the following prompts:
Summarize the facts of the case;
Identify the parties and explain each party’s position;
Outline the case’s procedural history including any appeals;
What is the legal issue in question in this case?
How did the court rule on the legal issue of this case?
What facts did the court find to be most important in making its decision?
Respond to the following questions:
Are there any situations in which it might be a good idea to include additional or different terms in the “acceptance” without making the acceptance expressly conditional on assent to the additional or different terms?
Under what conditions can a contract be formed by the parties’ conduct? Why wasn’t the conduct of the parties here used as the basis for a contract?
Do you agree or disagree with the court’s decision? Provide an explanation for your reasoning either agree or disagree.
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF FLORIDA CASE NO. 12-80165-CIV-MARRA
OPTION WIRELESS, LTD., an Irish limited liability company, Plaintiff, v. OPENPEAK, INC., a Delaware corporation, Defendant. ______________________________/
OPINION AND ORDER
THIS CAUSE is before the Court upon Plaintiff/Counter-Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss Defendant/Counter-Plaintiff’s Counterclaim (DE 6). Counter-Plaintiff OpenPeak Inc. filed its 1 Memorandum in Opposition (DE 8). Counter-Defendant Option Wireless, Ltd, replied. (DE 12). The Court has carefully considered the briefs ofthe parties and is otherwise fully advised in the premises. I. Introduction2 In July 2010, Counter-Plaintiff OpenPeak Inc. was producing a computer tablet product for AT&T. (DE 4 ¶ 5). Seeking embedded wireless data modules for the tablet, Counter-Plaintiff submitted a purchase order to Counter-Defendant Option Wireless, Ltd, for 12,300 units of the modules at the price of $848,700.00. (DE 4 ¶ 4). Section 9 of the purchase order, labeled “BUYER’S TERMS AND CONDITIONS,” provided that [a]ll purchase orders and sales are made only upon these terms and conditions and those on the front of this document. This document, and not any quotation, invoice, or other Seller document (which, if construed to be an offer is hereby rejected), will Option Wireless, Ltd. v. OpenPeak, Inc. Doc. 19 Dockets.Justia.com 2 be deemed an offer or an appropriate counter-offer and is a rejection of any other terms or conditions. Seller, byaccepting any orders or deliverin.
Option A Land SharkWhen is a shark just a shark Consider the.docxmccormicknadine86
Option A: Land Shark
When is a shark just a shark? Consider the movie
Jaws
. What could the shark symbolize in our culture, society, or collective human mythology other than a man-eating fish? Why? Support your answer.
Next, think about a theatrical staging of
Jaws
. Describe the artistic choices you would make to bring
Jaws
the movie to Broadway. What genre would you choose? Describe at least three other elements of production and how you would approach them in your staging of
Jaws
as a stage play or musical.
Create
a response to these concepts in one of the following formats:
350- to 700-word paper
Apply
appropriate APA formatting.
.
Option 3 Discuss your thoughts on drugs and deviance. Do you think .docxmccormicknadine86
Option 3: Discuss your thoughts on drugs and deviance. Do you think using drugs is deviant behavior? Why do you think alcohol and tobacco are legal drugs and their use is not considered deviant when they are addictive, physically harmful, and socially disruptive?
No quotes or references needed.
.
OPTION 2 Can we make the changes we need to make After the pandemi.docxmccormicknadine86
OPTION 2: Can we make the changes we need to make? After the pandemic, we are in a time of significant upheaval and transition. We are all more keenly aware that economic shifts and transformations can happen suddenly and dramatically. As the World shut itself down in March 2020, it makes us all aware that we can change behavior globally and as a matter of will. In the U.S., people began to quarantine themselves ahead of government action more often than as a result of government mandates. Write a cohesive 1-2 page single-spaced document that answers the following questions.
2a. Reflecting on the profound changes we have all seen in the past year, how does that change your views regarding what might be possible with regard to energy use, carbon reductions, or other major transformations that might be needed to impact the type of climate change Earth has been experiencing.
2b. Reflect on the type of transformations that would be involved to address global warming. Now that you have seen the recent major transformations, does this make you believe that global warming threats can prompt the type of major economic and industrial changes needed to reduce the impacts that have been anticipated with increasing climate changes?
2c. What are the "experts" saying about the possibility of these transformations in light of what they have seen during the pandemic? Are researchers more or less optimistic about our global ability to reduce green house gases and control climate change after seeing the impact of the pandemic? Be sure to include REFERENCES both at the end of the text and in the text, like (Author, year)
.
Option 1 You will create a PowerPoint (or equivalent) of your p.docxmccormicknadine86
Option 1: You will create a PowerPoint (or equivalent) of your presentation and add voice over.
Option 2: If you are unable to add voice over to your PowerPoint, you will create a PowerPoint (or equivalent) of your presentation. Next, you will use
Screencast-o-
Matic
(or a similar program) to create a video recording of your screen and voice as your present the information. Third, you will upload the video presentation to
YouTube
so your instructor can view it. If you choose this option, you will submit your article as well as the PowerPoint (or equivalent) file and the link to the YouTube presentation to complete this assignment.
Guidelines:
The presentation must include both audio (your voice explaining the information) and visual (PowerPoint presentation including text and/or images). Videos should not be used within the presentation.
The presentation should include the following three aspects:
An overview of your specific topic and its importance and application in current society. Include historical information as appropriate to understand your topic.
Identification, discussion, and
critical evaluation
of the most frequently used assessment instruments related to your topic. Include the typical settings and purposes for which assessment instruments are used.
Discussion of the ethical, cultural, and societal issues concerning the use of psychological tests and assessment as related to your topic.
The presentation must be 15 minutes long (no more than 20).
The presentation must include information from at least 10 scholarly sources (if used, the course textbook does not count as one of these 10 sources).
APA style citations should be used within the presentation. A reference section (in APA style) should appear at the end of the presentation.
Resources:
.
Option A Description of Dance StylesSelect two styles of danc.docxmccormicknadine86
Option A: Description of Dance Styles
Select
two styles of dance, such as ballet, modern dance, or folk dance.
Describe
each style of dance, and
include
the following:
History and development of the style
Discussion of your understanding of the use of line, form, repetition, and rhythm in each piece
Description of what the movements of both styles communicate to you in terms of mood
Description of how artistic choice can affect the viewer in the selected style
Submit
your assignment in one of the following formats:
700- to 1,050-word paper
.
Option #2Provide several slides that explain the key section.docxmccormicknadine86
Option #2
Provide several slides that explain the key sections of your strategy you will use in the final Portfolio Project. Provide section headers and a brief description of each.
FINAL PROJECT GUIDE
In a 6- to 10-page paper, as the local Union President, design a managing union handbook for union relationship building and a process that favors union employees as well as identifying key components of the bargaining process that can easily be sold to your union members. Apply theory and design systems and policies throughout your work covering:
Contextual factors (historical and legislative) that have impacted and still impact the union environment;
policies that create a more sustainable union model;
management strategy for union collective bargaining that includes: innovative wage, benefit, and non-wage factors; and
employee engagement and involvement strategies that take into consideration the diverse and changing labor force.
.
Option 2 Slavery vs. Indentured ServitudeExplain how and wh.docxmccormicknadine86
Option 2: Slavery vs. Indentured Servitude
Explain how and why slavery developed in the American colonies.
Describe in what ways the practice of slavery was different between each colonial region in British North America.
Analyze the differences between slaves and indentured servants.
Writing Requirements (APA format)
Length: 1-2 pages (not including title page or references page)
Use standard essay writing process by including an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.
1-inch margins
Double spaced
12-point Times New Roman font
Title page
References page (minimum of 1 scholarly source)
No abstract is required
In-text citations that correspond with your end references
.
Option 2 ArtSelect any 2 of works of art about the Holocaus.docxmccormicknadine86
Option 2: Art
Select any 2 of works of art about the Holocaust. You can select from the following list or conduct additional research on Holocaust art. Make sure to get approval from your instructor if you are selecting something not on the list. Click on the link to see the list:
Link: List of Artists/Artworks
Write an analysis of each artwork, including the following information:
Identify the title, artist, date completed, and medium used.
Explain the content of the artwork - what do the images show?
How does the artwork relate to the bigger picture of the Holocaust?
How effective is the artwork in relating the Holocaust to viewers?
LIST OF ARTISTS AND ARTWORK
Morris Kestelman:
Lama Sabachthani [Why Have You Forsaken Me?]
George Mayer-Marton:
Women with Boudlers
Bill Spira:
Prisoners Carrying Cement
Jan Hartman:
Death March (Czechowice-Bielsko, January 1945)
Edgar Ainsworth:
Belsen
Leslie Cole:
One of the Death Pits, Belsen. SS Guards Collecting Bodies
Doris Zinkeisen:
Human Laundry, Belsen: April 1945
Eric Taylor:
A Young Boy from Belsen Concentration Camp
Mary Kessell:
Notes from Belsen Camp
Edith Birkin:
The Death Cart - Lodz Ghetto
Shmuel Dresner:
Benjamin
Roman Halter:
Mother with Babies
Leo Breuer:
Path Between the Barracks, Gurs Camp
Leo (Lev) Haas:
Transport Arrival, Theresienstadt Ghetto
Jacob Lipschitz:
Beaten (My Brother Gedalyahu)
Norbert Troller:
Terezin
Anselm Kiefer:
Sternenfall
.
Option #1 Stanford University Prison Experiment Causality, C.docxmccormicknadine86
Option #1:
Stanford University Prison Experiment: Causality, Controlling Patterns, and Growth Mode
Revisit Philip Zimbardo's (1971) Stanford University Prison Experiment. Analyze the experiment in terms of causality, controlling patterns, and its growth mode.
What lessons can be learned from this experiment that can be generalized to business social systems, such as organizational design/organizational structures?
Your well-written paper should meet the following requirements:
· Be 5 pages in length.
· Be formatted according to APA
· Include at least five scholarly or peer-reviewed articles
· Include a title page, section headers, introduction, conclusion, and references page.
Reference:
Revisiting the Stanford Prison Experiment: a Lesson in the Power of Situation
~~~~~~~~
BY THE 1970s, psychologists had done a series of studies establishing the social power of groups. They showed, for example, that groups of strangers could persuade people to believe statements that were obviously false. Psychologists had also found that research participants were often willing to obey authority figures even when doing so violated their personal beliefs. The Yale studies by Stanley Milgram in 1963 demonstrated that a majority of ordinary citizens would continually shock an innocent man, even up to near-lethal levels, if commanded to do so by someone acting as an authority. The "authority" figure in this case was merely a high-school biology teacher who wore a lab coat and acted in an official manner. The majority of people shocked their victims over and over again despite increasingly desperate pleas to stop.
In my own work, I wanted to explore the fictional notion from William Golding's Lord of the Flies about the power of anonymity to unleash violent behavior. In one experiment from 1969, female students who were made to feel anonymous and given permission for aggression became significantly more hostile than students with their identities intact. Those and a host of other social-psychological studies were showing that human nature was more pliable than previously imagined and more responsive to situational pressures than we cared to acknowledge. In sum, these studies challenged the sacrosanct view that inner determinants of behavior--personality traits, morality, and religious upbringing--directed good people down righteous paths.
Missing from the body of social-science research at the time was the direct confrontation of good versus evil, of good people pitted against the forces inherent in bad situations. It was evident from everyday life that smart people made dumb decisions when they were engaged in mindless groupthink, as in the disastrous Bay of Pigs invasion by the smart guys in President John F. Kennedy's cabinet. It was also clear that smart people surrounding President Richard M. Nixon, like Henry A. Kissinger and Robert S. McNamara, escalated the Vietnam War when they knew, and later admitted, it was not winnable. They were .
Option A Gender CrimesCriminal acts occur against individu.docxmccormicknadine86
Option A: Gender Crimes
Criminal acts occur against individuals because of gender – some of these are labeled as hate crimes in the U.S. (consider cases of violence against transgendered and homosexual individuals) and others occur across cultures. Choose two other types of “gender crimes” and discuss what these acts reveal about deep-seated cultural values and beliefs. One possibility is to examine bride burning or dowry death in India.
Submit a paper (750-1250 words) that explores gender crimes. Provide at least three references cited within the text and listed in the references section.
.
opic 4 Discussion Question 1 May students express religious bel.docxmccormicknadine86
opic 4: Discussion Question 1
May students express religious beliefs in class discussion or assignments or engage in prayer in the classroom? What are some limitations? Support your position with examples from case law, the U.S. Constitution, or other readings.
Topic 4: Discussion Question 2
Do all student-led religious groups have an absolute right to meet at K-12 schools? If not, discuss one limitation under the Equal Access Act. May a teacher be a sponsor of the club? Can the teacher participate in its activities? Why or why not? Support your position with examples from case law, the U.S. Constitution, or other readings.
.
Option 1Choose a philosopher who interests you. Research that p.docxmccormicknadine86
Option 1:
Choose a philosopher who interests you. Research that philosopher, detailing how they developed their ideas and the importance of those ideas to the progress of philosophy and human understanding. Keep in mind that you should be focusing on their philosophy, not simply their biography, although some basic details of their life not related to philosophy may be needed, especially when it involves experiences that influenced their thinking.
Option 2:
Look at a specific Philosophical movement. Explain the ideas important to that movement (such as existentialism and positivism) and the influence they had. I am pretty flexible on what you can do with this one, so if you have an idea, don’t hesitate to ask!
Requirements
The typed body of your paper must be a minimum of 1500 words.
It should be typed, 12 point, double spaced. A minimum of three sources must be used,
.
Option #1The Stanford University Prison Experiment Structu.docxmccormicknadine86
Option #1:
The Stanford University Prison Experiment: Structure, Behavior, and Results
Philip Zimbardo’s Stanford University Prison Experiment could be described as a system whose systemic properties enabled the behaviors of the system's actors, leading to disturbing results.
Analyze the situation. What were the key elements of the system? How did the system operate? Why did the participants behave as they did? What lessons can be learned from this experiment about systems in relation to management?
Your well-written paper should meet the following requirements:
Be six pages in length.
Be formatted according to the APA
Include at least seven scholarly or peer-reviewed articles.
Include a title page, section headers, introduction, conclusion, and references page.
Reference:
Zimbardo, P. G. (2007).
Revisiting the Stanford prison experiment: A lesson in the power of situation (Links to an external site.)
.
Chronicle of Higher Education, 53(
30), B6.
BY THE 1970s, psychologists had done a series of studies establishing the social power of groups. They showed, for example, that groups of strangers could persuade people to believe statements that were obviously false. Psychologists had also found that research participants were often willing to obey authority figures even when doing so violated their personal beliefs. The Yale studies by Stanley Milgram in 1963 demonstrated that a majority of ordinary citizens would continually shock an innocent man, even up to near-lethal levels, if commanded to do so by someone acting as an authority. The "authority" figure in this case was merely a high-school biology teacher who wore a lab coat and acted in an official manner. The majority of people shocked their victims over and over again despite increasingly desperate pleas to stop.
In my own work, I wanted to explore the fictional notion from William Golding's Lord of the Flies about the power of anonymity to unleash violent behavior. In one experiment from 1969, female students who were made to feel anonymous and given permission for aggression became significantly more hostile than students with their identities intact. Those and a host of other social-psychological studies were showing that human nature was more pliable than previously imagined and more responsive to situational pressures than we cared to acknowledge. In sum, these studies challenged the sacrosanct view that inner determinants of behavior--personality traits, morality, and religious upbringing--directed good people down righteous paths.
Missing from the body of social-science research at the time was the direct confrontation of good versus evil, of good people pitted against the forces inherent in bad situations. It was evident from everyday life that smart people made dumb decisions when they were engaged in mindless groupthink, as in the disastrous Bay of Pigs invasion by the smart guys in President John F. Kennedy's cabinet. It was also clear that smart people su.
Open the file (Undergrad Reqt_Individual In-Depth Case Study) for in.docxmccormicknadine86
Open the file (Undergrad Reqt_Individual In-Depth Case Study) for instruction which is
blue highlighted
and I already
highlighted yellow
for the section that you need to answer which is
SECTION 2.
I
uploaded 2 articles that you need to read to answer the questions
and Pay attention to (Individual In-Depth Case Study Rubric).
.
onsider whether you think means-tested programs, such as the Tem.docxmccormicknadine86
onsider whether you think means-tested programs, such as the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), and Supplemental Security Income (SSI), create dependency among its recipients. Then, think about how the potential perception of dependency might contribute to the stigma surrounding welfare programs. Finally, reflect on the perceptions you might have regarding individuals who receive means-tested welfare and how that perception might affect your work with clients.
By Day 4
Post
an explanation of whether means-tested programs (TANF, SNAP, and SSI) create dependency. Then, explain how the potential perception of dependency might contribute to the stigma surrounding welfare programs. Finally, explain the perceptions you have regarding people who receive means-tested welfare and how that perception might affect your work with clients.
Support your post with specific references to the resources. Be sure to provide full APA citations for
.
Operations security - PPT should cover below questions (chapter 1 to 6)
Compare & Contrast access control in relations to risk, threat and vulnerability.
Research and discuss how different auditing and monitoring techniques are used to identify & protect the system against network attacks.
Explain the relationship between access control and its impact on CIA (maintaining network confidentiality, integrity and availability).
Describe access control and its level of importance within operations security.
Argue the need for organizations to implement access controls in relations to maintaining confidentiality, integrity and availability (e.g., Is it a risky practice to store customer information for repeat visits?)
Describe the necessary components within an organization's access control metric.
Power Point Presentation
7 - 10 slides total (
does not include title or summary slide
)
Try using the 6×6 rule to keep your content concise and clean looking. The 6×6 rule means a maximum of six bullet points per slide and six words per bullet point
Keep the colors simple
Use charts where applicable
Use notes section of slide
Include transitions
Include use of graphics / animations
.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
ClassicsHistory 1M03 Dr. J. Reeves Winter 2018 Essay Assi.docx
1. Classics/History 1M03 Dr. J. Reeves
Winter 2018 Essay Assignment #1
The Religious Scandal of 415
In 415 BC, during a lull in the Peloponnesian War, the
Athenians decided to mount an enormous
campaign against the city of Syracuse in Sicily. The expedition
was prepared at tremendous cost
and no expense was spared. To the eyes of the other Greeks it
looked as though Athens was
making a display of its power in an aggressive campaign
designed not just to overawe Syracuse
nor even the whole of Sicily but to signal to the Greek world the
might and dominance of
Athens.
Just prior to the launching of the Sicilian expedition, the largest
and best-equipped armada ever
assembled by the Athenians, a religious crime shook the
confidence of the city. All throughout
Athens (at people’s front doors, at crossroads, at the entrances
to the Agora, for example) stood
Herms (Hermai in Greek), four-foot stone pillars with the god
Hermes’ head carved at the top
and genitals at the front. Shortly before the expedition was due
to sail, a group of men in the city
mutilated a large number of these Herms, defacing and
(probably) castrating them. This in
itself—an act of sacrilegious vandalism—was deeply offensive
to most Athenians. Moreover,
Hermes, the messenger god, patron of travelers, was for Greeks
2. the god who oversaw comings
and goings. The desecration of these Herms, therefore, was a
chilling omen to many. In response
the crime, the Athenians hastily organized incentives for
witnesses to come forward. In the days
of denunciations that followed, the names of several prominent
Athenians came to light as
suspects in this and other religious offenses; among the
individuals named was Alcibiades, one
of the generals of the imminent campaign and Athens’ leading
political figure. How and why
Alcibiades became the chief suspect of crimes that undermined
his own expedition are
interesting historical questions to which the ancient sources
give partial and sometimes
conflicting answers.
Instructions for assignment:
1) Read through all the ancient accounts (collected below) of
the events surrounding the
scandal of 415 and clarify for yourself what you think
Alcibiades’ role was. Consider
what kind of figure Alcibiades was in Athens. Did others have
reason to frame him? If so,
who are the likely culprits and why? Was he guilty of any of the
charges brought against
him? What impact, if any, did the mutilation of the Herms have
on the Sicilian
expedition? Were there wider consequences?
2) Having read the sources carefully and critically, write a
1200-word essay on the subject
3. (about FIVE double-spaced pages). In your paper, you may
choose to address all or some
of these questions, or you may choose to pose your own
questions of the material. The
goal of this (and any other) essay should not be to produce a
report that merely describes
what you find in your sources, but to produce an argument
based on your reading of
those sources; hence the word ‘essay’ from the French essayer
(‘to try’ as in “to try to
convince” your reader of something). Your argument will take
the form of a thesis, a
central claim supported by the presentation of subordinated
claims based on your analysis
of primary evidence.
Classics/History 1M03 Dr. J. Reeves
Winter 2018 Essay Assignment #1
Guidelines:
You may use the skills you learned in the library assignment to
do some background research,
but the aim of this assignment is for you to extract evidence
from the ancient sources in support
of your claims. Do not cite secondary sources (or tertiary
sources like websites or blogs) as
evidence within your paper. It is advisable to consult reliable
tertiary material to acquaint
yourself with the approximate date and circumstances of the
composition of the primary texts
4. (Wikipedia and most sites ending in ‘.edu’ are not bad for this
sort of thing, but do not build your
argument from material on these sites). Your paper should
include plenty of citation to passages
in the primary sources only. If you do choose to do extra
reading, you must include a
bibliography at the end of your paper (this does not count
towards the essay’s length).
Any quotation (direct quotations should be used very sparingly
in such a short essay) or
reference to a source (primary or secondary) must be
accompanied by a citation. Any factual
claim should be supported by citation of a source unless it is
general knowledge.
Due date: 14 February 2018 (essays must be submitted in hard
copy to your TAs at the end of
lecture)
Classics/History 1M03 Dr. J. Reeves
Winter 2018 Essay Assignment #1
Citation and attribution
1. Why we cite. A very important aspect of academic writing is
the citation of sources. We do this for
several reasons:
a) to acknowledge the sources of useful information and to
avoid suggestions of plagiarism;
b) to assure that the content in your paper is credible and can be
verified by others;
5. c) to point interested readers towards material that will help
them engage more deeply in
some question.
2. Primary, secondary, and tertiary material. Good university
essays cite primary and secondary
material and avoid tertiary material. (For assignment #1 you
should only cite primary material)
a) A primary source is a source that provides direct, or nearly
direct, evidence about the
situation or phenomenon you are writing about. For modern
history, primary sources
include official reports, letters, eyewitness accounts, etc. For
ancient history, they include
classical authors, documents surviving in inscriptions and
papyrus, and archaeological
artefacts.
b) Your secondary sources are expert interpretations of that
material, whether in the form
of books, commentaries, or articles in scholarly journals. They
offer independent and
original interpretations, engage with earlier scholarship, and
cite their own sources,
primary and secondary. (Τhey rarely cite tertiary material.)
c) Tertiary sources comprise material that is based on secondary
material, such as general
encyclopedias, most first and second-year textbooks, books
written for a popular
audience, etc. The coverage in such works is usually not
comprehensive, and they
typically do not offer and evaluate alternative interpretations.
Often tertiary works are
6. useful for confirming correct spellings, locations, or dates, and
will often identify
relevant primary sources and the best secondary literature.
You should always base university research on primary and
secondary material. Tertiary material
can be consulted but not relied upon.
3. References. University essays use in-text citations (Thuc.
6.27.3) or footnotes (or sometimes endnotes)
to attribute specific facts or interpretations with specific
sources.1
a. Ancient sources. Some works exist in many different
versions. Think of the Bible, which has
been reprinted thousands of times, each of which has its own
pagination. Because of this ancient
works have their own citation methods. The famous verse “God
so loved the world that he gave
his only begotten son” is never cited as The Bible, p. 354, but
by chapter and verse (John 3: 16).
Similarly, with Shakespearean drama, which is cited by play,
act and scene. So too, with, ancient
works, which are cited by author, work, book (where applicable)
and section. In this essay, you
have only a handful to cite. These should be cited as follows:
Thuc. 6.27.2
Andoc. 1.63
Diod. Sic.13.2.2
Plut. Alc. 19.4
Plut. Nic. 13
7. You do not need to include the dates of the passage or the name
of the translator in the reference. If you
need clarification in any of these points, or on any other aspects
of referencing, please ask your TA.
1 Plut. Nic. 1.2.
Classics/History 1M03 Dr. J. Reeves
Winter 2018 Essay Assignment #1
The Religious Scandal of 415:
The Ancient Sources
The following are the key passages concerning the religious
scandal of 415. If you would like to
get more context and to read more extensive passages from any
of these authors, you can find
complete versions of their works, freely available, at:
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/collection?collection=Pers
eus:collection:Greco-Roman
1. Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War (Book 6.15-
61) [composed c. 400 BC]
6.15. Most of the Athenians that came forward spoke in favour
of the expedition, and of not
annulling what had been voted, although some spoke on the
other side. [2] By far the warmest
advocate of the expedition was, however, Alcibiades, son of
8. Clinias, who wished to thwart
Nicias both as his political opponent and also because of the
attack he had made upon him in his
speech, and who was, besides, exceedingly ambitious of a
command by which he hoped to
reduce Sicily and Carthage, and personally to gain in wealth and
reputation by means of his
successes. [3] For the position he held among the citizens led
him to indulge his tastes beyond
what his real means would bear, both in keeping horses and in
the rest of his expenditure; and
this later on had not a little to do with the ruin of the Athenian
state. [4] Alarmed at the greatness
of his license in his own life and habits, and of the ambition
which he showed in all things
whatsoever that he undertook, the mass of the people set him
down as a pretender to the tyranny,
and became his enemies; and although publicly his conduct of
the war was as good as could be
desired individually, his habits gave offence to everyone, and
caused them to commit affairs to
other hands, and thus before long to ruin the city.
. . .
26. Upon hearing the speeches, the Athenians at once voted that
the generals should have full
powers in the matter of the numbers of the army and of the
expedition generally, to do as they
judged best for the interests of Athens. [2] After this the
preparations began; messages being sent
to the allies and the rolls drawn up at home. And as the city had
just recovered from the plague
and the long war, and a number of young men had grown up and
9. capital had accumulated by
reason of the truce, everything was the more easily provided.
27. In the midst of these preparations all the stone Hermae in
the city of Athens, that is to say the
customary square figures so common in the doorways of private
houses and temples, had in one
night most of them their faces mutilated. [2] No one knew who
had done it, but large public
rewards were offered to find the authors; and it was further
voted that anyone who knew of any
other act of impiety having been committed should come and
give information without fear of
consequences, whether he were citizen, alien, or slave. [3] The
matter was taken up the more
seriously, as it was thought to be ominous for the expedition,
and part of a conspiracy to bring
about a revolution and to upset the democracy.
Classics/History 1M03 Dr. J. Reeves
Winter 2018 Essay Assignment #1
28. Information was given accordingly by some resident aliens
and body servants, not about the
Hermae but about some previous mutilations of other images
perpetrated by young men in a
drunken frolic, and of mock celebrations of the mysteries,
averred to take place in private houses.
[2] Alcibiades being implicated in this charge, it was taken hold
of by those who could least
endure him, because he stood in the way of their obtaining the
undisturbed direction of the
10. people, and who thought that if he were once removed the first
place would be theirs. These
accordingly magnified the manner and loudly proclaimed that
the affair of the mysteries and the
mutilation of the Hermae were part and parcel of a scheme to
overthrow the democracy, and that
nothing of all this had been done without Alcibiades; the proofs
alleged being the general and
undemocratic license of his life and habits.
29. Alcibiades repelled on the spot the charges in question, and
also before going on the
expedition, the preparations for which were now complete,
offered to stand his trial, that it might
be seen whether he was guilty of the acts imputed to him;
desiring to be punished if found guilty,
but, if acquitted, to take the command. [2] Meanwhile he
protested against their receiving
slanders against him in his absence, and begged them rather to
put him to death at once if he
were guilty, and pointed out the imprudence of sending him out
at the head of so large an army,
with so serious a charge still undecided. [3] But his enemies
feared that he would have the army
for him if he were tried immediately, and that the people might
relent in favour of the man whom
they already caressed as the cause of the Argives and some of
the Mantineans joining in the
expedition, and did their utmost to get this proposition rejected,
putting forward other orators
who said that he ought at present to sail and not delay the
departure of the army, and be tried on
his return within a fixed number of days; their plan being to
have him sent for and brought home
for trial upon some graver charge, which they would the more
easily get up in his absence.
11. Accordingly, it was decreed that he should sail.
30. After this the departure for Sicily took place, it being now
about midsummer. Most of the
allies, with the corn transports and the smaller craft and the rest
of the expedition, had already
received orders to muster at Corcyra, to cross the Ionian Sea
from thence in a body to the
Iapygian promontory. But the Athenians themselves, and such
of their allies as happened to be
with them, went down to Piraeus upon a day appointed at
daybreak, and began to man the ships
for putting out to sea. [2] With them also went down the whole
population, one may say, of the
city, both citizens and foreigners; the inhabitants of the country
each escorting those that
belonged to them, their friends, their relatives, or their sons,
with hope and lamentation upon
their way, as they thought of the conquests which they hoped to
make, or of the friends whom
they might never see again, considering the long voyage which
they were going to make from
their country.
31. Indeed, at this moment, when they were now upon the point
of parting from one another, the
danger came more home to them than when they voted for the
expedition; although the strength
of the armament, and the profuse provision which they remarked
in every department, was a
sight that could not but comfort them. As for the foreigners and
the rest of the crowd, they
simply went to see a sight worth looking at and passing all
belief.
Indeed, this armament that first sailed out was by far the most
costly and splendid Hellenic force
12. that had ever been sent out by a single city up to that time. [2]
In mere number of ships and
heavy infantry that against Epidaurus under Pericles, and the
same when going against Potidaea
Classics/History 1M03 Dr. J. Reeves
Winter 2018 Essay Assignment #1
under Hagnon, was not inferior; containing as it did four
thousand Athenian heavy infantry, three
hundred horse, and one hundred galleys accompanied by fifty
Lesbian and Chian vessels and
many allies besides. [3] But these were sent upon a short
voyage and with a scanty equipment.
The present expedition was formed in contemplation of a long
term of service by land and sea
alike, and was furnished with ships and troops so as to be ready
for either as required. The fleet
had been elaborately equipped at great cost to the captains and
the state; the treasury giving a
drachma a day to each seaman, and providing empty ships, sixty
men of war and forty transports,
and manning these with the best crews obtainable; while the
captains gave a bounty in addition
to the pay from the treasury to the thranitae (the best rowers)
and crews generally, besides
spending lavishly upon figure-heads and equipment, and one
and all making the utmost exertions
to enable their own ships to excel in beauty and fast sailing.
Meanwhile the land forces had been
picked from the best muster-rolls, and vied with each other in
paying great attention to their arms
and personal accoutrements. [4] From this resulted not only a
rivalry among themselves in their
13. different departments, but an idea among the rest of the
Hellenes that it was more a display of
power and resources than an armament against an enemy. [5]
For if anyone had counted up the
public expenditure of the state, and the private outlay of
individuals—that is to say, the sums
which the state had already spent upon the expedition and was
sending out in the hands of the
generals, and those which individuals had expended upon their
personal outfit, or as captains of
galleys had laid out and were still to lay out upon their vessels;
and if he had added to this the
journey money which each was likely to have provided himself
with, independently of the pay
from the treasury, for a voyage of such length, and what the
soldiers or traders took with them
for the purpose of exchange—it would have been found that
many talents in all were being taken
out of the city. [6] Indeed the expedition became not less
famous for its wonderful boldness and
for the splendour of its appearance, than for its overwhelming
strength as compared with the
peoples against whom it was directed, and for the fact that this
was the longest passage from
home hitherto attempted, and the most ambitious in its objects
considering the resources of those
who undertook it.
32. The ships being now manned, and everything put on board
with which they meant to sail, the
trumpet commanded silence, and the prayers customary before
putting out to sea were offered,
not in each ship by itself, but by all together to the voice of a
herald; and bowls of wine were
mixed through all the armament, and libations made by the
soldiers and their officers in gold and
14. silver goblets. [2] In their prayers joined also the crowds on
shore, the citizens and all others that
wished them well. The hymn sung and the libations finished,
they put out to sea, and first sailing
out in column then raced each other as far as Aegina, and so
hastened to reach Corcyra where the
rest of the allied forces were also assembling.
. . .
6.60. With these events in their minds, and recalling everything
they knew by hearsay on the
subject, the Athenian people grew difficult of humour and
suspicious of the persons charged in
the affair of the mysteries, and persuaded that all that had taken
place was part of an oligarchical
and monarchical conspiracy. [2] In the state of irritation thus
produced, many persons of
consideration had been already thrown into prison, and far from
showing any signs of abating,
public feeling grew daily more savage, and more arrests were
made; until at last one of those in
Classics/History 1M03 Dr. J. Reeves
Winter 2018 Essay Assignment #1
custody, thought to be the most guilty of all, was induced by a
fellow-prisoner to make a
revelation, whether true or not is a matter on which there are
two opinions, no one having been
able, either then or since, to say for certain who did the deed.
[3] However this may be, the other
15. found arguments to persuade him, that even if he had not done
it, he ought to save himself by
gaining a promise of impunity, and free the state of its present
suspicions; as he would be surer
of safety if he confessed after promise of impunity than if he
denied and were brought to trial. [4]
He accordingly made a revelation, affecting himself and others
in the affair of the Hermae; and
the Athenian people, glad at last, as they supposed, to get at the
truth, and furious until then at
not being able to discover those who had conspired against the
commons, at once let go the
informer and all the rest whom he had not denounced, and
bringing the accused to trial executed
as many as were apprehended, and condemned to death such as
had fled and set a price upon
their heads. [5] In this it was, after all, not clear whether the
sufferers had been punished
unjustly, while in any case the rest of the city received
immediate and manifest relief.
61. To return to Alcibiades: public feeling was very hostile to
him, being worked on by the same
enemies who had attacked him before he went out; and now that
the Athenians fancied that they
had got at the truth of the matter of the Hermae, they believed
more firmly than ever that the
affair of the mysteries also, in which he was implicated, had
been contrived by him in the same
intention and was connected with the plot against the
democracy. [2] Meanwhile it so happened
that, just at the time of this agitation, a small force of
Lacedaemonians had advanced as far as the
Isthmus, in pursuance of some scheme with the Boeotians. It
was now thought that this had come
by appointment, at his instigation, and not on account of the
16. Boeotians, and that if the citizens
had not acted on the information received, and forestalled them
by arresting the prisoners, the
city would have been betrayed. The citizens went so far as to
sleep one night armed in the temple
of Theseus within the walls. [3] The friends also of Alcibiades
at Argos were just at this time
suspected of a design to attack the commons; and the Argive
hostages deposited in the islands
were given up by the Athenians to the Argive people to be put
to death upon that account: [4] in
short, everywhere something was found to create suspicion
against Alcibiades. It was therefore
decided to bring him to trial and execute him, and the Salaminia
was sent to Sicily for him and
the others named in the information, with instructions to order
him to come and answer the
charges against him, [5] but not to arrest him, because they
wished to avoid causing any agitation
in the army or among the enemy in Sicily, and above all to
retain the services of the Mantineans
and Argives, who, it was thought, had been induced to join by
his influence. [6] Alcibiades, with
his own ship and his fellow-accused, accordingly sailed off with
the Salaminia from Sicily, as
though to return to Athens, and went with her as far as Thurii,
and there they left the ship and
disappeared, being afraid to go home for trial with such a
prejudice existing against them. [7]
The crew of the Salaminia stayed some time looking for
Alcibiades and his companions, and at
length, as they were nowhere to be found, set sail and departed.
Alcibiades, now an outlaw,
crossed in a boat not long after from Thurii to Peloponnese; and
the Athenians passed sentence
of death by default upon him and those in his company.
17. (Translation by J. M. Dent, 1910)
Classics/History 1M03 Dr. J. Reeves
Winter 2018 Essay Assignment #1
2. Andocides, On the Mysteries (Andoc. 1.33-68) [composed c.
399 BC)
[33] I have committed no offence, and completely satisfy you of
the fact, then I ask you to let the
whole nation see that I have been brought to trial wrongfully.
Should Cephisius here, who was
responsible for the information laid against me, fail to gain one-
fifth of your votes and so lose his
rights as a citizen, he is forbidden to set foot within the
sanctuary of the Two Goddesses under
pain of death. And now, if you think my defence satisfactory up
to the present, show your
approval, so that I may present what remains with increased
confidence.
[34] Next comes the mutilation of the images and the
denunciation of those responsible. I will do
as I promised and tell you the whole story from the beginning.
On his return from Megara
Teucrus was guaranteed his immunity. Hereupon, besides
communicating what he knew about
the Mysteries, he gave a list of eighteen of those responsible for
the mutilation of the images. Of
18. these eighteen, a number fled the country upon being
denounced; the remainder were arrested
and executed upon the information lodged by Teucrus. Kindly
read their names.
[35] In the matter of the Hermae Teucrus denounced:
“Euctemon, Glaucippus, Eurymachus,
Polyeuctus, Plato, Antidorus, Charippus, Theodorus,
Alcisthenes, Menestratus, Eryximachus,
Euphiletus, Eurydamas, Pherecles, Meletus, Timanthes,
Archidamus, Telenicus.”
A number of these men have returned to Athens and are present
in court, as are several of the
relatives of those who have died. Any of them is welcome to
step up here, during the time now
allotted me, and prove against me that I caused either the exile
or the death of a single one.
[36] And now for what followed. Peisander and Charicles, who
were regarded in those days as
the most fervent of democrats, were members of the commission
of inquiry. These two
maintained that the outrage was not the work of a small group
of criminals, but an organized
attempt to overthrow the popular government: and that therefore
inquiries ought still to be
pursued as vigorously as ever. As a result, Athens reached such
a state that the lowering of the
flag, by the Herald, when summoning a meeting of the Council,
was quite as much a signal for
the citizens to hurry from the Agora, each in terror of arrest, as
it was for the Council to proceed
to the Council-chamber.
[37] The general distress encouraged Diocleides to bring an
impeachment before the Council. He
19. claimed that he knew who had mutilated the Hermae, and gave
their number as roughly three
hundred. He then went on to explain how he had come to
witness the outrage. Now I want you to
think carefully here, gentlemen; try to remember whether I am
telling the truth, and inform your
companions; for it was before you that Diocleides stated his
case, and you are my witnesses of
what occurred.
[38] Diocleides' tale was that he had had to fetch the earnings of
a slave of his at Laurium. He
arose at an early hour, mistaking the time, and started off on his
walk by the light of a fuIl moon.
As he was passing the gateway of the theatre of Dionysus, he
noticed a large body of men
coming down into the orchestra from the Odeum. In alarm, he
withdrew into the shadow and
Classics/History 1M03 Dr. J. Reeves
Winter 2018 Essay Assignment #1
crouched down between the column and the pedestal with the
bronze statue of the general upon
it. He then saw some three hundred men standing about in
groups of five and ten and, in some
cases, twenty. He recognized the faces of the majority, as he
could see them in the moonlight.
[39] Now to begin with, gentlemen, Diocleides gave his story
this particular form simply to be in
a position to say of any citizen, according as he chose, that he
was or was not one of the
offenders—a monstrous proceeding. However, to continue his
tale: after seeing what he had, he
20. went on to Laurium; and when he learned next day of the
mutilation of the Hermae, he knew at
once that it was the work of the men he had noticed. [40] On his
return to Athens he found a
commission already appointed to investigate, and a reward of
one hundred minae offered for
information; so, seeing Euphemus, the brother of Callias, son of
Telocles, sitting in his smithy,
he took him to the temple of Hephaestus. Then, after describing,
as I have described to you, how
he had seen us on the night in question, he said that he would
rather take our money than the
state's, as he would thereby avoid making enemies of us.
Euphemus thanked Diocleides for
confiding in him. “And now,” he added, “be good enough to
come to Leogoras' house, so that
you and I can see Andocides and the others who must be
consulted.” [41] According to his story,
Diocleides called next day. My father happened to be coming
out just as he was knocking at the
door. “Are you the man they are expecting in there?” he asked.
“Well, well, we must not turn
friends like you away.” And with these words he went off. This
was an attempt to bring about
my father's death by showing that he was in the secret.
We informed Diocleides, or so he alleged, that we had decided
to offer him two talents of silver,
as against the hundred minae from the Treasury, and promised
that he should become one of
ourselves, if we achieved our end. Both sides were to give a
guarantee of good faith. Diocleides
replied that he would think it over; [42] and we told him to meet
us at Callias' house, so that
Callias, son of Telocles, might be present as well. This was a
similar attempt to bring about the
21. death of my brother-in-law.
Diocleides said that he went to Callias' house, and after terms
had been arranged, pledged his
word on the Acropolis. we on our side agreed to give him the
money the following month; but
we broke our promise and did not do so. He had therefore come
to reveal the truth.
[43] Such was the impeachment brought by Diocleides,
gentlemen. He gave a list of forty-two
persons whom he claimed to have recognized, and at the head of
the forty-two appeared
Mantitheus and Apsephion who were members of the Council
and present at that very meeting.
Peisander hereupon rose and moved that the decree passed in
the archonship of Scamandrius be
suspended and all whose names were on the list sent to the
wheel, to ensure the discovery of
everyone concerned before nightfall. The Council broke into
shouts of approval. [44] At that
Mantitheus and Apsephion took sanctuary on the hearth, and
appealed to be allowed to furnish
sureties and stand trial, instead of being racked. They finally
managed to gain their request; but
no sooner had they provided their sureties than they leapt on
horseback and deserted to the
enemy, leaving the sureties to their fate, as they were now liable
to the same penalties as the
prisoners for whom they had gone bail.
[45] The Council adjourned for a private consultation and in the
course of it gave orders for our
arrest and close confinement. Then they summoned the Generals
and bade them proclaim that
citizens resident in Athens proper were to proceed under arms
22. to the Agora; those between the
Classics/History 1M03 Dr. J. Reeves
Winter 2018 Essay Assignment #1
Long Walls to the Theseum; and those in Peiraeus to the Agora
of Hippodamus. The Knights
were to be mustered at the Anaceum by trumpet before
nightfall, while the Council would take
up its quarters on the Acropolis for the night, and the Prytanes
in the Tholus.
[46] Now first of all I want those of you who witnessed all this
to picture it once more and
describe it to those who did not. Next I will ask the clerk to call
the Prytanes in office at the time,
Philocrates and his colleagues.
[47] And now I am also going to read you the names of those
denounced by Diocleides, so that
you may see how many relatives of mine he tried to ruin. First
there was my father, and then my
brother-in-law; my father he had represented as in the secret,
while he had alleged that my
brother-in-law's house was the scene of the meeting. The names
of the rest you shall hear. Read
them out to the court.
“Charmides, son of Aristoteles.”
That is a cousin of mine; his mother and my father were brother
and sister.
“Taureas.” That is, a cousin of my father's.
23. “Nisaeus.”
A son of Taureas.
“Callias, son of Alcmaeon.”
A cousin of my father's.
“Euphemus.”
A brother of Callias, son of Telocles.
“Phrynichus, son of Orchesamenus.”
A cousin. “Eucrates.”
The brother of Nicias. He is Callias' brother-in-law.
“Critias.”
Another cousin of my father's; their mothers were sisters.
All of these appeared among the last forty on Diocleides' list.
[48] We were all thrown into one prison. Darkness fell, and the
gates were shut. Mothers, sisters,
wives, and children had gathered. Nothing was to be heard save
the cries and moans of grief-
Classics/History 1M03 Dr. J. Reeves
Winter 2018 Essay Assignment #1
stricken wretches bewailing the calamity which had overtaken
24. them. In the midst of it all,
Charmides, a cousin of my own age who had been brought up
with me in my own home since
boyhood, said to me: [49] “You see the utter hopelessness of
our position, Andocides. I have
never yet wished to say anything which might distress you: but
now our plight leaves me no
choice. Your friends and associates outside the family have all
been subjected to the charges
which are now to prove our own undoing: and half of them have
been put to death—while the
other half have admitted their guilt by going into exile. [50] I
beg of you: if you have heard
anything concerning this affair, disclose it. Save yourself: save
your father, who must be dearer
to you than anyone in the world: save your brother-in-law, the
husband of your only sister: save
all those others who are bound to you by ties of blood and
family: and lastly, save me, who have
never vexed you in my life and who am ever ready to do
anything for you and your good.”
[51] At this appeal from Charmides, gentlemen, which was
echoed by the rest, who each
addressed their entreaties to me in turn, I thought to myself:
“Never, oh, never has a man found
himself in a more terrible strait than I. Am I to look on while
my own kindred perish for a crime
which they have not committed: while they themselves are put
to death and their goods are
confiscated: yet still, while the names of persons entirely
innocent of the deed which has been
done are inscribed upon stones of record as the names of men
accursed in the sight of heaven?
Am I to pay no heed to three hundred Athenians who are to be
wrongfully put to death, to the
25. desperate plight of Athens, to the suspicions of citizen for
citizen? Or am I to reveal to my
countrymen the story told me by the true criminal, Euphiletus?”
[52] Then a further thought struck me, gentlemen. I reminded
myself that a number of the
offenders responsible for the mutilation had already been
executed upon the information lodged
by Teucrus, while yet others had escaped into exile and been
sentenced to death in their absence.
In fact, there remained only four of the criminals whose names
had not been divulged by
Teucrus: Panaetius, Chaeredemus, Diacritus, and Lysistratus;
[53] and it was only natural to
assume that they had been among the first to be denounced by
Diocleides, as they were friends of
those who had already been put to death. It was thus still
doubtful whether they would escape:
but it was certain that my own kindred would perish, unless
Athens learned the truth. So, I
decided that it was better to cut off from their country four men
who richly deserved it—men
alive today and restored to home and property—than to let those
others go to a death which they
had done nothing whatever to deserve.
[54] If, then, any of you yourselves, gentlemen, or any of the
public at large has ever been
possessed with the notion that I informed against my associates
with the object of purchasing my
own life at the price of theirs—a tale invented by my enemies,
who wished to present me in the
blackest colours—use the facts themselves as evidence; [55] for
today not only is it incumbent
upon me to give a faithful account of myself—I am in the
presence, remember, of the actual
26. offenders who went into exile after committing the crime which
we are discussing; they know
better than anyone whether I am lying or not, and they have my
permission to interrupt me and
prove that what I am saying is untrue—but it is no less
incumbent upon you to discover what
truly happened. [56] I say this, gentlemen, because the chief
task confronting me in this trial is to
prevent anyone thinking the worse of me on account of my
escape: to make first you and then the
whole world understand that the explanation of my behaviour
from start to finish lay in the
desperate plight of Athens and, to a lesser degree, in that of my
own family, not in any lack of
Classics/History 1M03 Dr. J. Reeves
Winter 2018 Essay Assignment #1
principles or courage: to make you understand that, in
disclosing that Euphiletus had told me, I
was actuated solely by my concern for my relatives and friends
and by my concern for the state
as a whole, motives which I for one consider not a disgrace but
a credit. If this proves to be the
truth of the matter, I think it only my due that I should be
acquitted with my good name
unimpaired.
[57] Come now, in considering a case, a judge should make
allowances for human shortcomings,
gentlemen, as he would do, were he in the same plight himself.
What would each of you have
done? Had the choice lain between dying a noble death and
preserving my life at the cost of my
27. honour, my behaviour might well be described as base—though
many would have made exactly
the same choice; they would rather have remained alive than
have died like heroes. [58] But the
alternatives before me were precisely the opposite. On the other
hand, if I remained silent, I
myself died in disgrace for an act of impiety which I had not
committed, and I allowed my
father, my brother-in-law, and a host of my relatives and
cousins to perish in addition. Yes, I, and
I alone, was sending them to their death, if I refused to say that
others were to blame; for
Diocleides had thrown them into prison by his lies, and they
could only be rescued if their
countrymen were put in full possession of the facts; therefore, I
became their murderer if I
refused to tell what I had heard. Besides this, I was causing
three hundred citizens to perish;
while the plight of Athens was growing desperate. [59] That is
what silence meant. On the other
hand, by revealing the truth I saved my own life, I saved my
father, I saved the rest of my family,
and I freed Athens from the panic which was working such
havoc. True, I was sending four men
into exile; but all four were guilty. And for the others, who had
already been denounced by
Teucrus, I am sure that none of them, whether dead or in exile,
was one whit the worse off for
any disclosures of mine.
[60] Taking all this into consideration, gentlemen, I found that
the least objectionable of the
courses open to me was to tell the truth as quickly as possible,
to prove that Diocleides had lied,
and so to punish the scoundrel who was causing us to be put to
death wrongfully and imposing
28. upon the public, while in return he was being hailed as a
supreme benefactor and rewarded for
his services. [61] I therefore informed the Council that I knew
the offenders, and showed exactly
what had occurred. The idea, I said, had been suggested by
Euphiletus at a drinking-party; but I
opposed it, and succeeded in preventing its execution for the
time being. Later, however, I was
thrown from a colt of mine in Cynosarges; I broke my collar-
bone and fractured my skull, and
had to be taken home on a litter. [62] When Euphiletus saw my
condition, he informed the others
that I had consented to join them and had promised him to
mutilate the Hermes next to the shrine
of Phorbas as my share in the escapade. He told them this to
hoodwink them; and that is why the
Hermes which you can all see standing close to the home of our
family, the Hermes dedicated by
the Aegeid tribe, was the only one in Athens unmutilated, it
being understood that I would attend
to it as Euphiletus had promised.
[63] When the others learned the truth, they were furious to
think that I was in the secret without
having taken any active part; and the next day I received a visit
from Meletus and Euphiletus.
“We have managed it all right, Andocides,” they told me. “Now
if you will consent to keep quiet
and say nothing, you will find us just as good friends as before.
If you do not, you will find that
you have been much more successful at making enemies of us
than at making fresh friends by
turning traitor to us.” [64] I replied that I certainly thought
Euphiletus a scoundrel for acting as
29. Classics/History 1M03 Dr. J. Reeves
Winter 2018 Essay Assignment #1
he had; although he and his companions had far less to fear
from my being in the secret than
from the mere fact that the deed was done.
I supported this account by handing over my slave for torture,
to prove that I was ill at the time
in question and had not even left my bed; and the Prytanes
arrested the women-servants in the
house which the criminals had used as their base. [65] The
Council and the commission of
inquiry went into the matter closely, and when at length they
found that it was as I said and that
the witnesses corroborated me without exception, they
summoned Diocleides. He, however,
made a long cross-examination unnecessary by admitting at
once that he had been lying, and
begged that he might be pardoned if he disclosed who had
induced him to tell his story; the
culprits, he said, were Alcibiades of Phegus and Amiantus of
Aegina. [66] Alcibiades and
Amiantus fled from the country in terror; and when you heard
the facts yourselves, you handed
Diocleides over to the court and put him to death. You released
the prisoners awaiting
execution—my relatives, who owed their escape to me alone—
you welcomed back the exiles,
and yourselves shouldered arms and dispersed, freed from grave
danger and distress.
[67] Not only do the circumstances in which I here found
myself entitle me to the sympathy of
all, gentlemen, but my conduct can leave you in no doubt about
30. my integrity. When Euphiletus
suggested that we pledge ourselves to what was the worst
possible treachery, I opposed him, I
attacked him, I heaped on him the scorn which he deserved. Yet
once his companions had
committed the crime, I kept their secret; it was Teucrus who
lodged the information which led to
their death or exile, before we had been thrown into prison by
Diocleides or were threatened with
death. After our imprisonment, I denounced four persons:
Panaetius, Diacritus, Lysistratus, and
Chaeredemus. [68] I was responsible for the exile of these four,
I admit; but I saved my father,
my brother-in-law, three cousins, and seven other relatives, all
of whom were about to be put to
death wrongfully; they owe it to me that they are still looking
on the light of day, and they are
the first to acknowledge it. In addition, the scoundrel who had
thrown the whole of Athens into
chaos and endangered her very existence was exposed; and your
own suspense and suspicions of
one another were at an end.
(Translation by K. J. Maidment, 1968)
Classics/History 1M03 Dr. J. Reeves
Winter 2018 Essay Assignment #1
3. Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library (Book 13.2-5)
[composed c. 80s BC]
31. 13.2 [1] When Chabrias was archon in Athens, the Romans
elected in place of consuls three
military tribunes, Lucius Sergius, Marcus Papirius, and Marcus
Servilius. This year the
Athenians, pursuant to their vote of the war against the
Syracusans, got ready the ships, collected
the money, and proceeded with great zeal to make every
preparation for the campaign. They
elected three generals, Alcibiades, Nicias, and Lamachus, and
gave them full powers over all
matters pertaining to the war. [2] Of the private citizens those
who had the means, wishing to
indulge the enthusiasm of the populace, in some instances fitted
out triremes at their own
expense and in others engaged to donate money for the
maintenance of the forces; and many, not
only from among the citizens and aliens of Athens who favoured
the democracy but also from
among the allies, voluntarily went to the generals and urged that
they be enrolled among the
soldiers. To such a degree were they all buoyed up in their
hopes and looking forward forthwith
to portioning out Sicily in allotments.
[3] And the expedition was already fully prepared when it came
to pass that in a single night the
statues of Hermes which stood everywhere throughout the city
were mutilated. At this the
people, believing that the deed had not been done by ordinary
persons but by men who stood in
high repute and were bent upon the overthrow of the democracy,
were incensed at the sacrilege
and undertook a search for the perpetrators, offering large
rewards to anyone who would furnish
information against them. [4] And a certain private citizen,
32. appearing before the Council, stated
that he had seen certain men enter the house of a resident alien
about the middle of the night on
the first day of the new moon and that one of them was
Alcibiades. When he was questioned by
the Council and asked how he could recognize the faces at
night, he replied that he had seen
them by the light of the moon. Since, then, the man had
convicted himself of lying, no credence
was given to his story, and of other investigators not a man was
able to discover a single clue to
the deed.
[5] One hundred and forty triremes were equipped, and of
transports and ships to carry horses as
well as ships to convey food and all other equipment there was
a huge number; and there were
also hoplites and slingers as well as cavalry, and in addition
more than seven thousand men from
the allies, not including the crews.
. . .
13.5 [1] While these events were taking place, those in Athens
who hated Alcibiades with a
personal enmity, possessing now an excuse in the mutilation of
the statues, accused him in
speeches before the Assembly of having formed a conspiracy
against the democracy. Their
charges gained colour from an incident that had taken place
among the Argives; for private
friends of his in that city had agreed together to destroy the
democracy in Argos, but they had all
been put to death by the citizens. [2] Accordingly the people,
having given credence to the
accusations and having had their feelings deeply aroused by
33. their demagogues, dispatched their
ship, the Salaminia, to Sicily with orders for Alcibiades to
return with all speed to face trial.
When the ship arrived at Catane and Alcibiades learned of the
decision of the people from the
Classics/History 1M03 Dr. J. Reeves
Winter 2018 Essay Assignment #1
ambassadors, he took the others who had been accused together
with him aboard his own trireme
and sailed away in company with the Salaminia. [3] But when
he had put in at Thurii,
Alcibiades, either because he was privy to the deed of impiety
or because he was alarmed at the
seriousness of the danger which threatened him, made his
escape together with the other accused
men and got away. The ambassadors who had come on the
Salaminia at first set up a hunt for
Alcibiades, but when they could not find him, they sailed back
to Athens and reported to the
people what had taken place. [4] Accordingly the Athenians
brought the names of Alcibiades and
the other fugitives with him before a court of justice and
condemned them in default to death.
And Alcibiades made his way across from Italy to the
Peloponnesus, where he took refuge in
Sparta and spurred on the Lacedaemonians to attack the
Athenians.
(Translation by C. H. Oldfather, 1989)
34. Classics/History 1M03 Dr. J. Reeves
Winter 2018 Essay Assignment #1
4. Plutarch, The Life of Alcibiades (17-23) [composed c. 100
AD]
17. [1] On Sicily the Athenians had cast longing eyes even
while Pericles was living; and after
his death they actually tried to lay hands upon it. The lesser
expeditions which they sent thither
from time to time, ostensibly for the aid and comfort of their
allies on the island who were being
wronged by the Syracusans, they regarded merely as stepping
stones to the greater expedition of
conquest. [2] But the man who finally fanned this desire of
theirs into flame, and persuaded them
not to attempt the island any more in part and little by little, but
to sail thither with a great
armament and subdue it utterly, was Alcibiades; he persuaded
the people to have great hopes,
and he himself had greater aspirations still. Such were his hopes
that he regarded Sicily as a mere
beginning, and not, like the rest, as an end of the expedition. [3]
So while Nicias was trying to
divert the people from the capture of Syracuse as an
undertaking too difficult for them,
Alcibiades was dreaming of Carthage and Libya, and, after
winning these, of at once
encompassing Italy and Peloponnesus. He almost regarded
Sicily as the ways and means
provided for his greater war. The young men were at once
carried away on the wings of such
35. hopes, and their elders kept recounting in their ears many
wonderful things about the projected
expedition. Many were they who sat in the palaestras and
lounging-places mapping out in the
sand the shape of Sicily and the position of Libya and Carthage.
[4] Socrates the philosopher, however, and Meton the
astrologer, are said to have had no hopes
that any good would come to the city from this expedition;
Socrates, as it is likely, because he
got an inkling of the future from the divine guide who was his
familiar. Meton—whether his fear
of the future arose from mere calculation or from his use of
some sort of divination—feigned
madness, and seizing a blazing torch, was like to have set fire to
his own house. [5] Some say,
however, that Meton made no pretense of madness, but actually
did burn his house down in the
night, and then, in the morning, came before the people begging
and praying that, in view of his
great calamity, his son might be released from the expedition.
At any rate, he succeeded in
cheating his fellow citizens, and obtained his desire.
18. [1] Nicias was elected general against his will, and he was
anxious to avoid the command
most of all because of his fellow commander. For it had seemed
to the Athenians that the war
would go on better if they did not send out Alcibiades
unblended, but rather tempered his rash
daring with the prudent forethought of Nicias. As for the third
general, Lamachus, though
advanced in years, he was thought, age notwithstanding, to be
no less fiery than Alcibiades, and
quite as fond of taking risks in battle. [2] During the
deliberations of the people on the extent and
36. character of the armament, Nicias again tried to oppose their
wishes and put a stop to the war.
But Alcibiades answered all his arguments and carried the day,
and then Demostratus, the orator,
formally moved that the generals have full and independent
powers in the matter of the
armament and of the whole war.
After the people had adopted this motion and all things were
made ready for the departure of the
fleet, there were some unpropitious signs and portents,
especially in connection with the festival,
namely, the Adonia. [3] This fell at that time, and little images
like dead folk carried forth to
Classics/History 1M03 Dr. J. Reeves
Winter 2018 Essay Assignment #1
burial were in many places exposed to view by the women, who
mimicked burial rites, beat their
breasts, and sang dirges. Moreover, the mutilation of the
Hermae, most of which, in a single
night, had their faces and forms disfigured, confounded the
hearts of many, even among those
who usually set small store by such things. It was said, it is
true, that Corinthians had done the
deed, Syracuse being a colony of theirs, in the hope that such
portents would check or stop the
war. [4] The multitude, however, were not moved by this
reasoning, nor by that of those who
thought the affair no terrible sign at all, but rather one of the
common effects of strong wine,
when dissolute youth, in mere sport, are carried away into
wanton acts. They looked on the
37. occurrence with wrath and fear, thinking it the sign of a bold
and dangerous conspiracy. They
therefore scrutinized keenly every suspicious circumstance, the
council and the assembly
convening for this purpose many times within a few days.
19. [1] During this time Androcles, the popular leader, produced
sundry aliens and slaves who
accused Alcibiades and his friends of mutilating other sacred
images, and of making a parody of
the mysteries of Eleusis in a drunken revel. They said that one
Theodorus played the part of the
Herald, Pulytion that of the Torch-bearer, and Alcibiades that of
the High Priest, and that the rest
of his companions were there in the role of initiates, and were
dubbed Mystae. [2] Such indeed
was the purport of the impeachment which Thessalus, the son of
Cimon, brought in to the
assembly, impeaching Alcibiades for impiety towards the
Eleusinian goddesses. The people were
exasperated, and felt bitterly towards Alcibiades, and
Androcles, who was his mortal enemy,
egged them on. At first Alcibiades was confounded. [3] But
perceiving that all the seamen and
soldiers who were going to sail for Sicily were friendly to him,
and hearing that the Argive and
Mantinean men-at-arms, a thousand in number, declared plainly
that it was all because of
Alcibiades that they were making their long expedition across
the seas, and that if any wrong
should be done him they would at once abandon it, he took
courage, and insisted on an
immediate opportunity to defend himself before the people. His
enemies were now in their turn
dejected; they feared lest the people should be too lenient in
their judgement of him because they
38. needed him so much.
[4] Accordingly, they devised that certain orators who were not
looked upon as enemies of
Alcibiades, but who really hated him no less than his avowed
foes, should rise in the assembly
and say that it was absurd, when a general had been appointed,
with full powers, over such a vast
force, and when his armament and allies were all assembled, to
destroy his beckoning
opportunity by casting lots for jurors and measuring out time
for the case. ‘Nay,’ they said, ‘let
him sail now, and Heaven be with him! But when the war is
over, then let him come and make
his defence. The laws will be the same then as now.’ [5] Of
course the malice in this
postponement did not escape Alcibiades. He declared in the
assembly that it was a terrible
misfortune to be sent off at the head of such a vast force with
his case still in suspense, leaving
behind him vague accusations and slanders; he ought to be put
to death if he did not refute them;
but if he did refute them and prove his innocence, he ought to
proceed against the enemy without
any fear of the public informers at home.
20. [1] He could not carry his point, however, but was ordered
to set sail. So, he put to sea along
with his fellow generals, having not much fewer than one
hundred and forty triremes; fifty-one
hundred men-at-arms; about thirteen hundred archers, slingers,
and light-armed folk; and the rest
of his equipment to correspond. [2] On reaching Italy and taking
Rhegium, he proposed a plan
39. Classics/History 1M03 Dr. J. Reeves
Winter 2018 Essay Assignment #1
for the conduct of the war. Nicias opposed it, but Lamachus
approved it, and so he sailed to
Sicily. He secured the allegiance of Catana, but accomplished
nothing further, since he was
presently summoned home by the Athenians to stand his trial.
At first, as I have said, sundry vague suspicions and calumnies
against Alcibiades were advanced
by aliens and slaves. [3] Afterwards, during his absence, his
enemies went to work more
vigorously. They brought the outrage upon the Hermae and upon
the Eleusinian mysteries under
one and the same design; both, they said, were fruits of a
conspiracy to subvert the government,
and so all who were accused of any complicity whatsoever
therein were cast into prison without
trial. The people were provoked with themselves for not
bringing Alcibiades to trial and
judgment at the time on such grave charges, [4] and any
kinsman or friend or comrade of his
who fell afoul of their wrath against him, found them
exceedingly severe. Thucydides neglected
to mention the informers by name, but others give their names
as Diocleides and Teucer. For
instance, Phrynichus the comic poet referred to them thus:—
Look out too, dearest Hermes, not to get a fall,
And mar your looks, and so equip with calumny
Another Diocleides bent on wreaking harm.
And the Hermes replies:—
I'm on the watch; there's Teucer, too; I would not give
40. A prize for tattling to an alien of his guilt.
[5] And yet there was nothing sure or steadfast in the statements
of the informers. One of them,
indeed, was asked how he recognized the faces of the Hermae-
defacers, and replied, ‘By the light
of the moon.’ This vitiated his whole story, since there was no
moon at all when the deed was
done. Sensible men were troubled thereat, but even this did not
soften the people's feeling
towards the slanderous stories. As they had set out to do in the
beginning, so they continued,
haling and casting into prison anyone who was denounced.
21. [1] Among those thus held in bonds and imprisonment for
trial was Andocides the orator,
whom Hellanicus the historian included among the descendants
of Odysseus. He was held to be a
foe to popular government, and an oligarch, but what most made
him suspected of the mutilation
of the Hermae, was the tall Hermes which stood near his house,
a dedication of the Aegeid tribe.
[2] This was almost the only one among the very few statues of
like prominence to remain
unharmed. For this reason, it is called to this day the Hermes of
Andocides. Everybody gives it
that name, in spite of the adverse testimony of its inscription.
Now it happened that, of all those lying in prison with him
under the same charge, Andocides
became most intimate and friendly with a man named Timaeus,
of less repute than himself, it is
true, but of great sagacity and daring. [3] This man persuaded
Andocides to turn state's evidence
against himself and a few others. If he confessed,—so the man
argued,—he would have
41. immunity from punishment by decree of the people; whereas the
result of the trial, while
uncertain in all cases, was most to be dreaded in that of
influential men like himself. It was better
to save his life by a false confession of crime, than to die a
shameful death under a false charge
of that crime. One who had an eye to the general welfare of the
community might well abandon
Classics/History 1M03 Dr. J. Reeves
Winter 2018 Essay Assignment #1
to their fate a few dubious characters, if he could thereby save a
multitude of good men from the
wrath of the people. [4] By such arguments of Timaeus,
Andocides was at last persuaded to bear
witness against himself and others. He himself received the
immunity from punishment which
had been decreed; but all those whom he named, excepting such
as took to flight, were put to
death, and Andocides added to their number some of his own
household servants, that he might
the better be believed.
[5] Still, the people did not lay aside all their wrath at this
point, but rather, now that they were
done with the Hermae-defacers, as if their passion had all the
more opportunity to vent itself,
they dashed like a torrent against Alcibiades, and finally
dispatched the Salaminian state-galley
to fetch him home. They shrewdly gave its officers explicit
command not to use violence, nor to
seize his person, but with all moderation of speech to bid him
accompany them home to stand his
42. trial and satisfy the people. [6] For they were afraid that their
army, in an enemy's land, would be
full of tumult and mutiny at the summons. And Alcibiades
might easily have effected this had he
wished. For the men were cast down at his departure, and
expected that the war, under the
conduct of Nicias, would be drawn out to a great length by
delays and inactivity, now that their
goad to action had been taken away. Lamachus, it is true, was a
good soldier and a brave man;
but he lacked authority and prestige because he was poor.
22. [1] Alcibiades had no sooner sailed away than he robbed the
Athenians of Messana. There
was a party there who were on the point of surrendering the city
to the Athenians, but Alcibiades
knew them, and gave the clearest information of their design to
the friends of Syracuse in the
city, and so brought the thing to naught. Arrived at Thurii, he
left his trireme and hid himself so
as to escape all quest. [2] When someone recognized him and
asked, ‘Can you not trust your
country, Alcibiades?’ ‘In all else,’ he said, ‘but in the matter of
life I wouldn't trust even my own
mother not to mistake a black for a white ballot when she cast
her vote.’ And when he afterwards
heard that the city had condemned him to death, ‘I'll show
them,’ he said, ‘that I'm alive.’
[3] His impeachment is on record, and runs as follows:
‘Thessalus, son of Cimon, of the deme
Laciadae, impeaches Alcibiades, son of Cleinias, of the deme
Scambonidae, for committing
crime against the goddesses of Eleusis, Demeter and Cora, by
mimicking the mysteries and
showing them forth to his companions in his own house,
wearing a robe such as the High Priest
43. wears when he shows forth the sacred secrets to the initiates,
and calling himself High Priest,
Pulytion Torch-bearer, and Theodorus, of the deme Phegaea,
Herald, and hailing the rest of his
companions as Mystae and Epoptae, contrary to the laws and
institutions of the Eumolpidae,
Heralds, and Priests of Eleusis.’ [4] His case went by default,
his property was confiscated, and
besides that, it was also decreed that his name should be
publicly cursed by all priests and
priestesses. Theano, the daughter of Menon, of the deme
Agraule, they say, was the only one
who refused to obey this decree. She declared that she was a
praying, not a cursing priestess.
23. [1] When these great judgments and condemnations were
passed upon Alcibiades, he was
tarrying in Argos, for as soon as he had made his escape from
Thurii, he passed over into
Peloponnesus. But fearing his foes there, and renouncing his
country altogether, he sent to the
Spartans, demanding immunity and confidence, and promising
to render them aid and service
greater than all the harm he had previously done them as an
enemy. [2] The Spartans granted this
request and received him among them. No sooner was he come
than he zealously brought one
thing to pass: they had been delaying and postponing assistance
to Syracuse; he roused and
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Winter 2018 Essay Assignment #1
incited them to send Gylippus thither for a commander, and to
44. crush the force which Athens had
there. A second thing he did was to get them to stir up the war
against Athens at home; and the
third, and most important of all, to induce them to fortify
Deceleia. This more than anything else
wrought ruin and destruction to his native city.
[3] At Sparta, he was held in high repute publicly, and privately
was no less admired. The
multitude was brought under his influence, and was actually
bewitched, by his assumption of the
Spartan mode of life. When they saw him with his hair
untrimmed, taking cold baths, on terms of
intimacy with their coarse bread, and supping black porridge,
they could scarcely trust their eyes,
and doubted whether such a man as he now was had ever had a
cook in his own house, had even
so much as looked upon a perfumer, or endured the touch of
Milesian wool. [4] He had, as they
say, one power which transcended all others, and proved an
implement of his chase for men: that
of assimilating and adapting himself to the pursuits and lives of
others, thereby assuming more
violent changes than the chameleon. That animal, however, as it
is said, is utterly unable to
assume one color, namely, white; but Alcibiades could associate
with good and bad alike, and
found naught that he could not imitate and practice. [5] In
Sparta, he was all for bodily training,
simplicity of life, and severity of countenance; in Ionia, for
luxurious ease and pleasure; in
Thrace for drinking deep; in Thessaly, for riding hard; and when
he was thrown with
Tissaphernes the satrap, he outdid even Persian magnificence in
his pomp and lavishness. It was
not that he could so easily pass entirely from one manner of
45. man to another, nor that he actually
underwent in every case a change in his real character; but when
he saw that his natural manners
were likely to be annoying to his associates, he was quick to
assume any counterfeit exterior
which might in each case be suitable for them. [6] At all events,
in Sparta, so far as the outside
was concerned, it was possible to say of him, ‘‘No child of
Achilles he, but Achilles himself,’
such a man as Lycurgus trained’; but judging by what he
actually felt and did, one might have
cried with the poet, ‘'Tis the selfsame woman still!’
[7] For while Agis the king was away on his campaigns,
Alcibiades corrupted Timaea his wife,
so that she was with child by him and made no denial of it.
When she had given birth to a male
child, it was called Leotychides in public, but in private the
name which the boy's mother
whispered to her friends and attendants was Alcibiades. Such
was the passion that possessed the
woman. But he, in his mocking way, said he had not done this
thing for a wanton insult, nor at
the behest of mere pleasure, but in order that descendants of his
might be kings of the
Lacedaemonians. [8] Such being the state of things, there were
many to tell the tale to Agis, and
he believed it, more especially owing to the lapse of time. There
had been an earthquake, and he
had run in terror out of his chamber and the arms of his wife,
and then for ten months had had no
further intercourse with her. And since Leotychides had been
born at the end of this period, Agis
declared that he was no child of his. For this reason,
Leotychides was afterwards refused the
royal succession.
46. (Translation by B. Perrin, 1916)
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Winter 2018 Essay Assignment #1
5. Plutarch, The Life of Nicias (12-14.4) [composed c. 100 AD]
Before the assembly had met at all, Alcibiades had already
corrupted the multitude and got them
into his power by means of his sanguine promises, so that the
youth in their training-schools and
the old men in their work-shops and lounging-places would sit
in cluster drawing maps of Sicily,
charts of the sea about it, and plans of the harbors and districts
of the island which look towards
Libya. [2] For they did not regard Sicily itself as the prize of
the war, but rather as a mere base of
operations, purposing therefrom to wage a contest with the
Carthaginians and get possession of
both Libya and of all the sea this side the Pillars of Heracles.
Since, therefore, their hearts were fixed on this, Nicias, in his
opposition to them, had few men,
and these of no influence, to contend on his side. For the well-
to-do citizens feared accusations
of trying to escape their contributions for the support of the
navy, and so, despite their better
judgement, held their peace. [3] But Nicias did not faint nor
grow weary. Even after the
47. Athenians had actually voted for the war and elected him
general first, and after him Alcibiades
and Lamachus, in a second session of the assembly he rose and
tried to divert them from their
purpose by the most solemn adjurations, and at last accused
Alcibiades of satisfying his own
private greed and ambition in thus forcing the city into grievous
perils beyond the seas. [4] Still,
he made no headway, nay, he was held all the more essential to
the enterprise because of the
experience from which he spoke. There would be great security,
his hearers thought, against the
daring of Alcibiades and the roughness of Lamachus, if his
well-known caution were blended
with their qualities. And so, he succeeded only in confirming
the previous vote. For Demostratus,
the popular leader who was most active in spurring the
Athenians on to the war, rose and
declared that he would stop the mouth of Nicias from uttering
vain excuses; so, he introduced a
decree to the effect that the generals have full and independent
powers in counsel and in action,
both at home and at the seat of war, and persuaded the people to
vote it.
13. [1] And yet the priesthood also is said to have offered much
opposition to the expedition. But
Alcibiades had other diviners in his private service, and from
sundry oracles reputed ancient he
cited one saying that great fame would be won by the Athenians
in Sicily. To his delight also
certain envoys who had been sent to the shrine of Ammon came
back with an oracle declaring
that the Athenians would capture all the Syracusans; but
utterances of opposite import the envoys
concealed, for fear of using words of ill omen. [2] For no signs
48. could deter the people from the
expedition, were they never so obvious and clear such as, for
instance, the mutilation of the
‘Hermae.’ These statues were all disfigured in a single night
except one, called the Hermes of
Andocides, a dedication of the Aegeid tribe, standing in front of
what was at that time the house
of Andocides. Then there was the affair of the altar of the
Twelve Gods. An unknown man
leaped upon it all of a sudden, bestrode it, and then mutilated
himself with a stone. [3]
At Delphi, moreover, there stood a Palladium, made of gold and
set upon a bronze palm tree, a
dedication of the city of Athens from the spoils of her valor in
the Persian wars. Ravens alighted
on this image and pecked it for many days together; they also
bit off the fruit of the palm-tree,
which was of gold, and cast it to the ground. [4] The Athenians,
it is true, said that this whole
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story was an invention of the Delphians, at the instigation of the
Syracusans; but at any rate when
a certain oracle bade them bring the priestess of Athena from
Clazomenae, they sent and fetched
the woman, and lo! her name was Peace. And this, as it seemed,
was the advice which the
divinity would give the city at that time, namely, to keep the
peace.
[5] It was either because he feared such signs as these, or
49. because, from mere human calculation,
he was alarmed about the expedition, that the astrologer Meton,
who had been given a certain
station of command, pretended to be mad and set his house on
fire. Some, however, tell the story
in this way: Meton made no pretense of madness, but burned his
house down in the night, and
then came forward publicly in great dejection and begged his
fellow citizens, in view of the great
calamity which had befallen him, to release from the expedition
his son, who was about to sail
for Sicily in command of a trireme. [6] To Socrates the wise
man also, his divine guide, making
use of the customary tokens for his enlightenment, indicated
plainly that the expedition would
make for the ruin of the city. Socrates let this be known to his
intimate friends, and the story had
a wide circulation.
[7] Not a few also were somewhat disconcerted by the character
of the days in the midst of
which they dispatched their armament. The women were
celebrating at that time the festival of
Adonis, and in many places throughout the city little images of
the god were laid out for burial,
and funeral rites were held about them, with wailing cries of
women, so that those who cared
anything for such matters were distressed, and feared lest that
powerful armament, with all the
splendor and vigor which were so manifest in it, should speedily
wither away and come to
naught.
14. [1] Now, that Nicias should oppose the voting of the
expedition, and should not be so buoyed
up by vain hopes nor so crazed by the magnitude of his
50. command as to change his real
opinion,—this marked him as a man of honesty and discretion.
But when he availed naught
either in his efforts to divert the people from the war or in his
desire to be relieved of his
command,—the people as it were picking him up bodily and
setting him over their forces as
general,— [2] then it was no longer a time for the exceeding
caution and hesitation which he
displayed, gazing back homewards from his ship like a child,
and many times resuming and
dwelling on the thought that the people had not yielded to his
reasonings, till he took the edge
from the zeal of his colleagues in command and lost the fittest
time for action. He ought rather at
once to have engaged the enemy at close quarters and put
fortune to the test in struggles for the
mastery. [3] Instead of this, while Lamachus urged that they sail
direct to Syracuse and give
battle close to the city, and Alcibiades that they rob the
Syracusans of their allied cities first and
then proceed against them, Nicias proposed and urged in
opposition that they make their way
quietly by sea along the coasts of Sicily, circumnavigate the
island, make a display of their
troops and triremes, and then sail back to Athens, after having
first culled out a small part of their
force to give the Egestaeans a taste of succor. In this way, he
soon relaxed the resolution and
depressed the spirits of his men.
[4] After a little while the Athenians summoned Alcibiades
home to stand his trial, and then
Nicias, who nominally had still a colleague in the command, but
really wielded sole power, made
no end of sitting idle, or cruising aimlessly about, or taking
51. deliberate counsel, until the vigorous
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Winter 2018 Essay Assignment #1
hopes of his men grew old and feeble, and the consternation and
fear with which the first sight of
his forces had filled his enemies slowly subsided.
(Translation by B. Perrin, 1916)