The document summarizes key aspects of the Classical period including: - The Classical period occurred in the 18th-19th centuries and was also known as the Neo-Classical or Enlightenment era. - Two important new musical forms emerged - the sonata and symphony. Franz Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart were two of the greatest composers of the time. - Mozart was a child prodigy who composed his first symphony at age 8 and died poor at age 35. Haydn helped develop the orchestra and symphony and was known as the "Father of the Symphony".

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Classical Period
 (Neo-Classical or Enlightenment Era)
18th century- 19th century
 1750-1825

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Classical Style
 “Neo” means new
 Also known as the age of reason
 Returned to ideas of ancient
Greece & Rome
 Strict rules, pure uncomplicated
 Embraces the music of Haydn,
Mozart, and Beethoven

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Classical Music
 2 important new kinds of music
 1. Sonata-written in 3-4 movements
(sections) for 1- 2 instruments
 2. Symphony-large piece written in 3-4
movements for an orchestra
 2 great composers of the time
 1. Franz Joseph Haydn
 2. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart1756-1791

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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
 Austrian born child prodigy (Unusual, extraordinary, a
marvel having unusual skills at something at an early age)
 Was giving large scale performances by the age of 6
 Known as 1 of the greatest composers of all time
 Composed 1st symphony at age 8
 Composed very quickly
 He spread his reputation by publishing things, playing the
piano and having one of his operas performed in 1782
 Died a very poor man at the age of 35
 Buried in Vienna, small ceremony & unmarked grave
 Composed The Magic Flute the year he died

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Mozart’s Father; Leopold

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Orchestra
o Orchestra-group of musicians Today’s orchestra
established during this time
o Only had about 30-40 players, today 100+
o Size of orchestra depended on size of the salon
(small parlor) & wealth of the people attending
o Large concert halls didn’t exist. As they were
built larger & larger, more instruments added to
each instrument group
o Sections of first Orchestra
o String Choir-violins, violas, cellos, & bass
o 6 Woodwind players-2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2
bassoons
o 4 Brass players-2 horns, 2 trumpets
o Percussions section-1 pair kettle drums

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Salon (Reading Hour)

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Modern Orchestra

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Franz Joseph Haydn1732-1809

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Franz Joseph Haydn
 Poor family, he was the son of a wheelwright.
 He trained as a choirboy at age 8
 Later lived in a palace for 30 years & paid to write as
much music as possible
 At age 60 was invited to go to London to compose
symphonies & conduct public concerts
 Played the harpsichord (piano-like instrument)
 Grouped the instruments of the orchestra
 Known as the father of symphony, composed 100+
 Nickname “Papa” Haydn
 He died in 1809 at the age if 77

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Harpsichord

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Harpsichord and Clavichord

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Haydn’s Writing

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Beethoven

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Ludwig von Beethoven
 Born on December 16, 1770 in Bonn
 His first public concert was on March 26, 1778, at age 7
 Became deaf in early 20s.
 Considered rude & temperamental by many
 Never heard his most famous symphony, 9th Symphony
 Died exactly 49 years later on the same day as his first
concert.
 When he died it is said that 10,000 people attended his
funeral.

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Classical Dance
 The Romonov family in
Russia wanted to
westernize their court so
they invited artists in
western Europe to
perform in Russia

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Jean George Noverre
 Was a choreographer
who saw the need to
reform in ballet.

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Marius Petipa
 Ballet dancer who danced
at the Imperial Theatre &
became chief ballet master
 Choreographed Don
Quixote, La Bayadere, The
Sleeping Beauty, the
Nutcracker and Swan
Lake.

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Classical Theatre
• Drama very important to aristocratic court
• Melodrama means “music drama”
• Time of French & American Revolution,
philosophy & politics important
• Called the “good old days” of literature

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Moliere (Jean Baptiste Poquelin)
 French playwright & actor
 Worked for King Louis XIV
 Master of Satire (makes fun of humanity)
 His death caused superstition thru even
modern theatre (He was wearing yellow
when he died & is still supposedly bad luck
to wear yellow)

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Neo-Classical Art
 Focused on the natural and belief n superiority of
rational thought over emotion.
 Public buildings based on the ideals of perfection
of humanity.

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Jacques-Louis David
 Napoleon Crossing the St. Bernard
Pass, c.1801
 French artist
 Considered the hero of neo-
classical art due to serious
artworks that represents the
ideals of that period.
 Official artist of French
Revolution
 Painted leaders of the war &
created costumes for them
 Death was a result of being ran
over by a carriage

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Thomas Jefferson
 Thomas Jefferson was 3rd president, principal author
of Declaration of Independence, architect,
agriculturalist, etymologist, horticulturist,
archaeologist, cryptographer, surveyor,
paleontologist, lawyer, inventor, violinist,
mathematician, author, & founder of U. of Virginia.
 Designed his home, Monticello, including automatic
doors & the first swivel chair

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Monticello & Jefferson Memorial

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Neo-Classical Art
Giovanni Paolo Pannini
The Colosseum and the Arch
of Constantine

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Neo-Classical Architecture
Rebelled against ornate Baroque style

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Classic Greek Architecture 600 B.C.
Parthenon at Acropolis
Temple of Hephaestus

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The Death of Marat